JPH062988A - Absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate discharge of non-condensible gas for disturbing heat transfer in an absorber for an absorption refrigerator and to reduce pressure loss. CONSTITUTION:Vapor 4 generated from an evaporator is fed from above a tube group 11, spread to an entire absorber through a vapor passage 12, and absorbed to absorbent liquid scattered from an absorbent scattering unit 7 to outer surfaces of heat transfer tubes. A vapor fluidizing resistance can be reduced by an effect of the vapor passage 12. Non-condensible gas is discharged in a high efficiency by so straightening it by a vapor straightener 5 disposed on the passage 12 that a final arrival point of a vapor flow becomes a bleed port 10 to be used also as an absorption discharge port.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、冷暖房等に用いられる
吸収冷凍機に係り、特に、吸収器及び蒸発器の蒸気整流
板と蒸気流路に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator used for cooling and heating, and more particularly, to a steam straightening plate and a steam flow path of an absorber and an evaporator.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】一般に吸収冷凍機は、吸収器，蒸発器，
凝縮器，低温再生器，高温再生器およびこれらを結ぶポ
ンプ，熱交換器からなっている。図６はその原理を示す
系統図である。蒸発器内の管群の管内には水を通水して
おり、管外には冷媒として水が散布され、その蒸発潜熱
によって管内の水を冷却し、冷水として冷房器等へ供給
する。蒸発器で発生した水蒸気は吸収器に流入し、吸収
器内の管群の管外面に散布された吸収液（リチウムブロ
マイドなど）に吸収され、このとき発生する吸収熱は管
内を流れる冷却水によって冷却される。吸収器で水蒸気
を吸収した吸収液は濃度が低下し、吸収力が弱くなる。
そこでこれを熱交換器を通して予熱したのち、高温再生
器および低温再生器に送り、加熱濃縮する。高温再生器
の熱源には、ガス，油などを燃焼させた熱を用いるのが
一般的である。低温再生器の熱源には、高温再生器で発
生した蒸気を用いる。低温再生器および高温再生器で発
生した蒸気は、最終的に凝縮器で冷却水によって冷却さ
れて凝縮する。凝縮した水は蒸発媒体として、蒸発器に
供給される。これらの吸収冷凍機の構成要素のうち吸収
冷凍機としての性能を左右する点で特に重要なのは吸収
器である。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an absorption refrigerator has an absorber, an evaporator,
It consists of a condenser, a low-temperature regenerator, a high-temperature regenerator, a pump connecting them, and a heat exchanger. FIG. 6 is a system diagram showing the principle. Water is passed through the tubes of the tube group in the evaporator, and water is sprayed outside the tubes as a refrigerant. The latent heat of vaporization cools the water in the tubes and supplies it as cold water to a cooler or the like. The water vapor generated in the evaporator flows into the absorber and is absorbed by the absorbing liquid (such as lithium bromide) scattered on the outer surface of the tube group in the absorber, and the absorption heat generated at this time is generated by the cooling water flowing in the tube. To be cooled. The concentration of the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the water vapor in the absorber decreases, and the absorbing power becomes weak.
Then, after preheating this through a heat exchanger, it is sent to a high temperature regenerator and a low temperature regenerator to be heated and concentrated. As a heat source of the high temperature regenerator, it is general to use heat generated by burning gas, oil or the like. The steam generated in the high temperature regenerator is used as the heat source of the low temperature regenerator. The steam generated in the low temperature regenerator and the high temperature regenerator is finally cooled by the cooling water in the condenser and condensed. The condensed water is supplied to the evaporator as an evaporation medium. Of these constituent elements of the absorption refrigerator, the absorber is particularly important in that the performance of the absorption refrigerator is affected.

【０００３】蒸発器および吸収器は低圧に保たれてい
る。そのため、蒸発器では前述のように管外面に散布し
た水などの蒸発媒体を蒸発することで、その潜熱で管内
を流れる水などの冷房媒体を冷却できる。吸収器は、一
般に千鳥または格子配列の伝熱管群とその表面に吸収液
を散布するための散布装置とから構成される。一般に
は、吸収液は臭化リチウム溶液を用い、伝熱管の外表面
に散布する。臭化リチウムの蒸気圧は水に比べるとはる
かに小さく、蒸発器から吸収器に流入する蒸気はその蒸
気圧差に基づいて吸収液に吸収される。その際、吸収熱
により吸収液の温度が上昇するため、伝熱管内に水など
の冷却媒体を流して冷却する。The evaporator and absorber are kept at low pressure. Therefore, in the evaporator, by evaporating the evaporation medium such as water scattered on the outer surface of the pipe as described above, the cooling medium such as water flowing in the pipe can be cooled by its latent heat. The absorber is generally composed of a zigzag or lattice array of heat transfer tubes and a spraying device for spraying the absorbing liquid on the surface thereof. Generally, a lithium bromide solution is used as the absorbing liquid, and the absorbing liquid is sprayed on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube. The vapor pressure of lithium bromide is much lower than that of water, and the vapor flowing from the evaporator to the absorber is absorbed by the absorbing liquid based on the vapor pressure difference. At that time, since the temperature of the absorbing liquid rises due to the absorbed heat, a cooling medium such as water is flowed in the heat transfer tube to cool it.

【０００４】吸収冷凍機の性能を向上するには、上述の
吸収サイクル作動原理から、蒸発器における蒸発媒体の
蒸気圧と吸収器における吸収液の蒸気圧との有効な圧力
差を大きくする必要がある。そのためには、まず第一に
吸収器及び蒸発器の管群内での蒸気の流動抵抗（圧力損
失）を小さくし、吸収器内での蒸気の吸収に利用できる
圧力差を大きくすることである。第二には、吸収器内の
吸収伝熱特性を向上することである。そのためには、主
に三つの方策がある。一つは本発明とは直接関係しない
が、伝熱管単管の吸収伝熱特性を向上させるために特開
昭63−6363号公報に記載のように伝熱管の表面にフィン
を形成し、伝熱面積を増大するとともに吸収液の保持量
を増加させる方法がある。もう一つの方策は、吸収液を
吸収器内の各伝熱管に万遍なく供給散布し、吸収に供さ
れない無駄な伝熱管を無くすることである。三つ目の方
策は、本発明が対象とする蒸気側の伝熱抵抗となる空気
などの不凝縮性ガスの溜りを防止することである。In order to improve the performance of the absorption refrigerator, it is necessary to increase the effective pressure difference between the vapor pressure of the vaporizing medium in the evaporator and the vapor pressure of the absorbing liquid in the absorber in view of the above-mentioned operation principle of the absorption cycle. is there. For that purpose, firstly, the flow resistance (pressure loss) of the vapor in the tube group of the absorber and the evaporator is made small, and the pressure difference available for absorbing the vapor in the absorber is made large. . The second is to improve absorption heat transfer characteristics in the absorber. To that end, there are three main measures. One is not directly related to the present invention, but in order to improve absorption heat transfer characteristics of a single heat transfer tube, fins are formed on the surface of the heat transfer tube as described in JP-A-63-6363, There is a method of increasing the holding area of the absorbing liquid while increasing the heat area. Another measure is to uniformly supply and disperse the absorbing liquid to each heat transfer tube in the absorber to eliminate useless heat transfer tubes that are not used for absorption. The third measure is to prevent the accumulation of non-condensable gas such as air, which becomes the heat transfer resistance on the steam side, which is the object of the present invention.

【０００５】これらの性能向上策に対する従来技術とし
ては、日本特許第1187335 号に記載のように、蒸発器の
蒸気上流部をピッチの狭い格子配列の伝熱管配列にし蒸
気流量の多い下流部をピッチの広い千鳥配列にするとと
もに、吸収器では蒸気流量の多い蒸気上流部でピッチの
広い千鳥配列にし蒸気下流部ではピッチの狭い格子配列
の伝熱管群にすることで、管群内での蒸気の流動抵抗を
均一化する方法がある。また、特開昭62−155482号公報
に記載のように、吸収器の伝熱管群内に管列に平行な仕
切り板を設けることで、空気（不凝縮性ガス）の溜りを
防止し抽気する方法がある。さらに、特願平3−301530
号明細書に記載のように、吸収器内に蒸気流路を設け、
そこに蒸気整流板を設置し管群内での空気滞留を抑制す
る方法がある。As a conventional technique for these performance improvement measures, as described in Japanese Patent No. 1187335, the vapor upstream portion of the evaporator is arranged in a heat transfer tube array of a narrow pitch grid arrangement and the downstream portion where the vapor flow rate is large is pitched. In addition to the wide staggered arrangement of the steam, in the absorber, the staggered arrangement with a wide pitch is used in the upstream portion of the steam with a large steam flow rate, and in the downstream portion of the steam with the heat transfer tube group of the lattice arrangement with a narrow pitch. There is a method to make the flow resistance uniform. Further, as described in JP-A-62-155482, a partition plate parallel to the tube row is provided in the heat transfer tube group of the absorber to prevent accumulation of air (non-condensable gas) and extract air. There is a way. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-301530
As described in the specification, a vapor flow path is provided in the absorber,
There is a method of installing a steam rectifying plate there and suppressing air retention in the tube group.

【０００６】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来技術では、吸
収冷凍機の運転状態に依存せずに常に吸収器内の圧力損
失低減と空気（不凝縮性ガス）滞留抑制の両者を満足す
ることはできない。吸収器内での蒸気の流動状態は大変
複雑で、蒸気の流速，流れ方向または空気滞留箇所など
の実測は極めて困難である。そのため経験的知見に基づ
いて管配列は設計されており、低圧損と空気滞留抑制を
ともに満足する管群を得ることは大変難しい。吸収器内
の伝熱管を千鳥配列と格子（碁盤目）配列を組合せ管ピ
ッチを工夫し配置することで、圧力損失は低減できたと
しても、空気滞留を抑制することはできない。一方、吸
収器の伝熱管群内に管列に平行な仕切り板を設けること
で、空気滞留は抑制できたとしても圧力損失が大きくな
ってしまう。In the above-mentioned prior art, it is impossible to always satisfy both the pressure loss reduction and the air (non-condensable gas) retention control in the absorber without depending on the operating state of the absorption refrigerator. Can not. The flow condition of steam in the absorber is very complicated, and it is extremely difficult to measure the flow velocity, flow direction or air retention location of the steam. Therefore, the tube arrangement is designed based on empirical knowledge, and it is very difficult to obtain a tube group that satisfies both low pressure loss and suppression of air retention. Even if the pressure loss can be reduced by arranging the heat transfer tubes in the absorber in a staggered arrangement and a lattice (cross-cut) arrangement by devising the arrangement of the pipe pitches, air retention cannot be suppressed. On the other hand, by providing the partition plate parallel to the tube row in the heat transfer tube group of the absorber, even if the air retention can be suppressed, the pressure loss will increase.

【０００７】さらに、空気滞留箇所は蒸気の流れ状態に
大きく影響されるため、吸収冷凍機の運転状態により変
化することが予測される。従って、常に管群内での空気
滞留の抑制を図ることは困難である。Furthermore, since the air retention location is greatly affected by the steam flow state, it is expected that it will change depending on the operating state of the absorption refrigerator. Therefore, it is difficult to always suppress the air retention in the tube group.

【０００８】そこで、本発明は伝熱管群内での空気滞留
の抑制を運転状態に応じて可能とするとともに、低圧損
も同時に達成することを目的とする。[0008] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to suppress air retention in the heat transfer tube group depending on the operating state, and at the same time to achieve low pressure loss.

【０００９】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】伝熱管群内での空気滞留
を抑制するために、吸収器内に蒸気の流れを整流する蒸
気整流板を設置する。しかもその蒸気整流板が手動もし
くは電動でその位置又は角度を動かすことが可能なもの
とし、吸収冷凍機の運転状態に応じて管群内の空気滞留
を抑制可能にする。また、吸収器と蒸発器は一体の容器
内に構成される場合が多く、蒸発器内の蒸気の流れが吸
収器内の蒸気の流れに影響する場合がある。そこで蒸発
器内にも可動な蒸気整流板を設置する。In order to suppress air retention in the heat transfer tube group, a steam rectifying plate that rectifies the flow of steam is installed in the absorber. Moreover, the steam rectifying plate can be manually or electrically operated to move its position or angle, and air retention in the tube group can be suppressed according to the operating state of the absorption refrigerator. Further, the absorber and the evaporator are often configured in a single container, and the vapor flow in the evaporator may affect the vapor flow in the absorber. Therefore, a movable steam straightening plate is installed in the evaporator.

【００１０】また、吸収器内または蒸発器内に設置した
可動な蒸気整流板が、その可動範囲内で、最も大きな冷
凍能力を発揮するようにその位置または角度が自動制御
されるものとする。冷凍能力の判断方法としては、冷房
などのチラーユニットへ供給され吸収冷凍機に循環する
冷水の吸収冷凍機の入口と出口における温度差と、冷水
の流量との積により判断する。高温再生器でのガスなど
の燃焼量が一定の場合、冷水の吸収冷凍機の入口と出口
における温度差と冷水の流量との積が大きい程、冷凍能
力が高い。冷水の吸収冷凍機の入口と出口における温度
と、冷水の流量をセンサにより検出し、それらからの信
号を演算ユニットで処理することで冷凍能力を判断し、
電動で動く蒸気整流板の可動装置に信号をフィードバッ
クすることで蒸気整流板の位置または角度を最適位置に
制御する。Further, it is assumed that the movable vapor straightening plate installed in the absorber or the evaporator is automatically controlled in its position or angle so as to exert the maximum refrigerating capacity within its movable range. As a method for determining the refrigerating capacity, the refrigerating capacity is determined by the product of the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the absorption refrigerator, which is supplied to a chiller unit such as an air conditioner and circulated to the absorption refrigerator, and the flow rate of the cooling water. When the combustion amount of gas or the like in the high temperature regenerator is constant, the larger the product of the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cold water absorption refrigerator and the flow rate of the cold water, the higher the refrigerating capacity. The temperature at the inlet and outlet of the cold water absorption refrigerator and the flow rate of the cold water are detected by a sensor, and the signal from them is processed by an arithmetic unit to determine the refrigerating capacity,
The position or angle of the steam straightening vane is controlled to an optimum position by feeding back a signal to a moving device of the steam straightening vane that is electrically driven.

【００１１】吸収器内の伝熱管群内での蒸気の流動抵抗
（圧力損失）を低減するためには、管群と吸収器壁面と
の間に蒸気流路を形成する。この蒸気流路の幅、すなわ
ち、伝熱管長手方向から見た吸収器断面において壁面と
壁面に隣接する伝熱管との距離が管群内の管ピッチの最
大値以上に構成する。この蒸気流路の作用で圧力損失を
低減すると共に、管群の外側に抽気口を配置し、蒸気流
路に可動の蒸気整流板を配置することで、蒸気流の最終
到達点が抽気口の近傍になるように整流する。蒸気は管
群内を流れるにつれて、吸収液に吸収され流量が少なく
なり、蒸気流の最終到達点には吸収液に吸収されない不
凝縮性ガス（空気）が流れる。この空気を冷凍機運転中
に抽気口から排出することで、吸収器内での伝熱特性の
低下を防止する。この際の抽気口は、管群下部に設け、
エゼクタ構造などにすることで吸収液の排出口を兼ねた
ものであってもよい。また、前記蒸気整流板は位置また
は角度が手動または電動で動く構造とし、電動で動く場
合には、冷水の吸収冷凍機の入口と出口における温度
と、冷水の流量をセンサにより検出し、それらからの信
号を演算ユニットで処理することで冷凍能力を判断し、
電動で動く蒸気整流板の可動装置に信号をフィードバッ
クすることで蒸気整流板の位置または角度を最適位置に
制御するものが最も望ましい。In order to reduce the flow resistance (pressure loss) of steam in the heat transfer tube group in the absorber, a steam flow path is formed between the tube group and the absorber wall surface. The width of the steam flow path, that is, the distance between the wall surface and the heat transfer tubes adjacent to the wall surface in the absorber cross section viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube is configured to be equal to or larger than the maximum value of the tube pitch in the tube group. By reducing the pressure loss by the action of this steam flow path, and arranging the extraction port outside the tube group and arranging the movable steam rectifying plate in the steam flow path, the final reaching point of the steam flow is Rectify to be close. As the steam flows through the tube group, the flow rate decreases as it is absorbed by the absorbing liquid, and a non-condensable gas (air) that is not absorbed by the absorbing liquid flows at the final reaching point of the vapor flow. By discharging this air from the extraction port during operation of the refrigerator, it is possible to prevent deterioration of heat transfer characteristics in the absorber. The bleeding port at this time is provided at the bottom of the tube group,
The ejector structure or the like may also serve as the discharge port for the absorbing liquid. Further, the steam rectifying plate has a structure in which the position or angle moves manually or electrically, and when it moves electrically, the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the cold water absorption refrigerator and the flow rate of the cold water are detected by sensors, and The refrigerating capacity is judged by processing the signal of
It is most desirable to control the position or angle of the steam rectifying plate to an optimum position by feeding back a signal to a moving device of the steam rectifying plate that is electrically driven.

【００１２】さらに、管群の上部から蒸気が流入する吸
収器では、伝熱管長手方向から見た断面において、側壁
面の少なくとも一方が隣接する伝熱管と吸収器管群内の
最大ピッチ以上に離れており蒸気流路が形成され、かつ
管群の下部に抽気口を配置し、蒸気流路に可動の蒸気整
流板を配置し、圧力損失の低減と空気の排出を同時に実
現する。この際の抽気口も、管群下部に設け、エゼクタ
構造などにすることで吸収液の排出口を兼ねたものであ
ってもよい。また、前記蒸気整流板は位置または角度が
手動または電動で動く構造とし、電動で動く場合には、
冷水の吸収冷凍機の入口と出口における温度と、冷水の
流量をセンサにより検出し、それらからの信号を演算ユ
ニットで処理することで冷凍能力を判断し、電動で動く
蒸気整流板の可動装置に信号をフィードバックすること
で蒸気整流板の位置または角度を最適位置に制御するも
のであってもよい。Furthermore, in the absorber in which steam flows in from the upper part of the tube group, at least one of the side wall surfaces is separated from the adjacent heat transfer tube and the maximum pitch in the absorber tube group or more in the cross section viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube. The steam flow path is formed, the extraction port is arranged in the lower part of the tube group, and the movable steam rectifying plate is arranged in the steam flow path to reduce pressure loss and discharge air at the same time. The bleeding port at this time may also be provided in the lower part of the tube group, and may have an ejector structure or the like to also serve as a discharge port for the absorbing liquid. Further, the steam rectifying plate has a structure in which the position or angle moves manually or electrically, and when moving electrically,
Cold water absorption The temperature at the inlet and outlet of the refrigerator and the flow rate of cold water are detected by sensors, and the signals from them are processed by an arithmetic unit to determine the refrigeration capacity. The position or angle of the steam straightening plate may be controlled to an optimum position by feeding back a signal.

【００１３】[0013]

【作用】吸収器内または蒸発器内に設置する蒸気整流板
は、吸収器の管群内に不凝縮性ガス（空気）が滞留する
のを抑制する作用を持つ。蒸気は吸収器の管群内を流れ
るにつれて、吸収液に吸収され流量が少なくなり、蒸気
流の最終到達点には主に吸収液に吸収されない不凝縮性
ガス（空気）が到達する。従って、抽気口の近傍が蒸気
流の最終到達点になるように蒸気整流板で蒸気流を整流
することで、効率良く空気を排出することが可能とな
る。抽気口がエゼクタ構造などにより吸収液の吸収器出
口を兼ねている場合は、抽気のための動力が不要にな
る。吸収器内の蒸気の流れは吸収冷凍機の運転状態で変
化し、それに伴い空気滞留箇所も変化する。蒸気整流板
はその変化に応じてその設置位置または角度を変えるこ
とで吸収器管群内での空気滞留を常に抑制することがで
きる。蒸気整流板の位置及び角度の最適値は、吸収冷凍
機の冷凍能力に対して決められるべきである。吸収冷凍
機がチラーユニット等に供給する冷水の入口と出口の温
度，冷水流量をセンサで測定し、冷凍能力を判定するこ
とで、蒸気整流板の位置または角度の制御にフィードバ
ックすることができる。The steam rectifying plate installed in the absorber or the evaporator has a function of suppressing the accumulation of the non-condensable gas (air) in the tube group of the absorber. As the steam flows through the tube group of the absorber, the flow rate is reduced by being absorbed by the absorbing liquid, and the non-condensable gas (air) not absorbed by the absorbing liquid mainly reaches the final reaching point of the vapor flow. Therefore, by rectifying the steam flow by the steam straightening plate so that the vicinity of the extraction port becomes the final reaching point of the steam flow, it becomes possible to efficiently discharge the air. When the bleeding port also serves as the absorber outlet for the absorbing liquid due to the ejector structure or the like, the power for bleeding is unnecessary. The flow of steam in the absorber changes depending on the operating state of the absorption refrigerator, and the air retention location also changes accordingly. By changing the installation position or the angle of the steam straightening plate according to the change, it is possible to always suppress the air retention in the absorber tube group. The optimum values of the position and angle of the steam straightening plate should be determined with respect to the refrigerating capacity of the absorption refrigerator. The temperature of the inlet and outlet of cold water supplied to the chiller unit and the like by the absorption refrigerator and the flow rate of cold water are measured by a sensor, and the refrigerating capacity is determined, so that the position or angle of the steam straightening plate can be fed back to the control.

【００１４】蒸気流路での蒸気の流動抵抗は、伝熱管を
密に配置した管群内での流動抵抗に比べるとはるかに小
さく無視できる。本発明によると、吸収器内の蒸気は主
に蒸気流路を流れ、吸収器内全体の圧力損失は大幅に低
減できる。この蒸気流路に整流板を設置しない場合は、
管群の周り全体から管群の中心部に向かって蒸気が流
れ、蒸気流の最終到達点は管群中心付近になる。蒸気流
路に可動な蒸気整流板を設置することは、蒸気流の最終
到達点をかえる作用を持つ。特に管群下部が蒸気流の最
終到達点になるようにするためには、管群の上部から蒸
気が流入し、側壁面と管群との間の蒸気流路に流路内の
蒸気流が管群内へ向かうように整流板を設置し、吸収器
全体としての蒸気流が管群上部から下部へ流れるように
する。この場合、管群下部に配置する抽気口は、エゼク
タ構造などにすることで吸収液の排出口を兼ねることも
できる。また、吸収冷凍機がチラーユニット等に供給す
る冷水の入口と出口の温度，冷水流量をセンサで測定
し、冷凍能力を判定することで、蒸気整流板の位置また
は角度の制御にフィードバックすることができる。The flow resistance of the steam in the steam flow path is much smaller than the flow resistance in the tube group in which the heat transfer tubes are densely arranged and can be ignored. According to the present invention, the steam in the absorber mainly flows through the steam flow path, and the pressure loss in the entire absorber can be significantly reduced. If you do not install a current plate in this steam flow path,
Steam flows from the entire circumference of the tube group toward the center of the tube group, and the final reaching point of the steam flow is near the center of the tube group. Installing a movable steam straightening plate in the steam flow path has the function of changing the final reaching point of the steam flow. In particular, in order to make the bottom of the tube group the final reaching point of the steam flow, steam flows in from the top of the tube group, and the steam flow in the flow path is generated in the steam flow path between the side wall surface and the tube group. A straightening vane is installed so as to go into the tube group so that the vapor flow of the entire absorber flows from the upper part to the lower part of the tube group. In this case, the bleeding port arranged in the lower part of the tube group can also serve as a discharge port for the absorbing liquid by using an ejector structure or the like. In addition, the temperature of the inlet and outlet of cold water supplied to the chiller unit etc. by the absorption refrigerator and the flow rate of the cold water are measured by sensors, and the refrigerating capacity is determined, so that the feedback to the control of the position or angle of the steam straightening plate can be performed. it can.

【００１５】[0015]

【実施例】図１は、本発明による吸収冷凍機の蒸発器と
吸収器の実施例を、伝熱管長手方向から見た断面図であ
る。１は吸収器を、２は蒸発器を、３は伝熱管を、４は
蒸気流、５は蒸気整流板、６は整流板移動装置、７は吸
収液スプレ、８は冷媒(水)スプレ、９は冷媒（水）排出
口、１０は吸収液排出口を兼ねた抽気口を示す。蒸気整
流板５は鉛直方向となす角度が可変であると同時に上下
方向にも整流板移動装置６によって移動可能である。こ
れによって、吸収冷凍機の運転状況に応じて、管群内に
空気が滞留しないように蒸気整流板を動かし、空気を吸
収液排出口を兼ねた抽気口１０より排出可能である。1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an evaporator and an absorber of an absorption refrigerating machine according to the present invention as seen from the longitudinal direction of a heat transfer tube. 1 is an absorber, 2 is an evaporator, 3 is a heat transfer tube, 4 is a vapor flow, 5 is a steam straightening plate, 6 is a straightening plate moving device, 7 is an absorbing liquid spray, 8 is a refrigerant (water) spray, Reference numeral 9 denotes a refrigerant (water) discharge port, and 10 denotes a bleed port that also serves as an absorption liquid discharge port. The steam rectifying plate 5 has a variable angle with respect to the vertical direction, and at the same time, can be moved in the vertical direction by the rectifying plate moving device 6. Thereby, the steam rectifying plate is moved so that air does not stay in the tube group, and the air can be discharged from the extraction port 10 which also serves as the absorbing liquid discharge port, depending on the operating condition of the absorption refrigerator.

【００１６】図２は、本発明による蒸気整流板の位置ま
たは角度を最適に制御するための装置構成の一例を示す
ものである。吸収冷凍機と冷房等に用いるチラーユニッ
トとを循環する冷水の、吸収冷凍機の入口と出口の温度
を測定し、さらに冷水の流量をセンサで測定し、その温
度差と流量の積がその運転状態で最大となるように、整
流板位置制御装置に信号をフィードバックし蒸気整流板
の位置または角度を最適に制御するものである。FIG. 2 shows an example of a device configuration for optimally controlling the position or angle of the steam straightening plate according to the present invention. The temperature of the inlet and outlet of the absorption refrigerator, which is the cold water circulating between the absorption refrigerator and the chiller unit used for cooling, etc., is measured, and the flow rate of the cold water is measured by a sensor. The signal is fed back to the current plate position control device to optimally control the position or angle of the steam current plate so as to maximize the state.

【００１７】図３は、本発明による吸収冷凍機の吸収器
の実施例を、伝熱管長手方向から見た断面の模式図であ
る。蒸気が管群の上部から流入する吸収器である。吸収
器は、断面から見ると伝熱管を密に配置した管群領域１
１（同図中で点線で囲まれた領域）と、壁面に隣接する
伝熱管と壁面が吸収器管群内の最大ピッチ以上に離れて
おり蒸気流路１２が形成されている。管群の下部には、
吸収液の排出口１４と不凝縮性ガス（空気など）の抽気
口１３が配置されている。蒸気流路１２には、鉛直方向
となす角度が可変であり、上下方向にも整流板移動装置
６によって移動可能である蒸気整流板５が設置されてい
る。これによって、吸収冷凍機の運転状況に応じて、管
群内に空気が滞留しないように蒸気整流板を動かし、空
気を抽気口１３より排出可能である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cross section of an embodiment of an absorber of an absorption refrigerator according to the present invention as seen from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube. It is an absorber in which steam flows in from the top of the tube bundle. The absorber is a tube group region 1 in which heat transfer tubes are densely arranged when viewed from the cross section.
1 (the area surrounded by the dotted line in the figure), the heat transfer tube adjacent to the wall surface and the wall surface are separated from each other by at least the maximum pitch in the absorber tube group, and the steam passage 12 is formed. At the bottom of the tube group,
An absorption liquid outlet 14 and a non-condensable gas (air or the like) extraction port 13 are arranged. An angle formed with the vertical direction is variable in the steam flow path 12, and a steam straightening plate 5 that is movable in the vertical direction by a straightening plate moving device 6 is also installed. Thereby, the steam rectifying plate is moved so that the air does not stay in the tube group, and the air can be discharged from the extraction port 13 according to the operating condition of the absorption refrigerator.

【００１８】図４及び図５も、図３と同様に本発明によ
る吸収冷凍機の吸収器の実施例を、伝熱管長手方向から
見た断面の模式図である。図４は蒸気４が管群下部より
流入する吸収器である。抽気口１３は管群上部に設けら
れ、吸収冷凍機の運転状況に応じて、蒸気流路１２に設
置した蒸気整流板５を動かし、空気を抽気口１３より排
出する。図５は、図３と同様に管群の上部から蒸気４が
流入する吸収器である。管群の下部には吸収液排出口を
兼ねた抽気口１０が設置されている。蒸気流路１２に
は、鉛直方向となす角度が可変であると同時に上下方向
にも整流板移動装置６によって移動可能である蒸気整流
板５が設置されている。これによって、吸収冷凍機の運
転状況に応じて、管群内に空気が滞留しないように蒸気
整流板を動かし、空気を吸収液に同伴して抽気口１０よ
り排出可能である。4 and 5 are schematic sectional views of the embodiment of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator according to the present invention as seen from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube, as in FIG. FIG. 4 shows an absorber into which steam 4 flows in from the lower part of the tube group. The extraction port 13 is provided in the upper part of the tube group, and the steam rectifying plate 5 installed in the steam flow path 12 is moved according to the operating condition of the absorption refrigerator, and air is discharged from the extraction port 13. Similar to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 shows an absorber into which the steam 4 flows in from the upper part of the tube group. An extraction port 10 also serving as an absorption liquid discharge port is installed in the lower part of the tube group. The steam flow path 12 is provided with a steam straightening plate 5 whose angle formed with the vertical direction is variable and which can be moved vertically by a straightening plate moving device 6. As a result, depending on the operating condition of the absorption refrigerator, the steam rectifying plate is moved so that the air does not stay in the tube group, and the air can be entrained in the absorbing liquid and discharged from the extraction port 10.

【００１９】[0019]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、吸収冷凍機の吸収器に
おいて熱伝達を阻害する不凝縮性ガス（空気など）を効
率よく抽気でき、さらに蒸気の流動抵抗も低減できる高
性能な吸収冷凍機を提供できる。本発明は高性能な吸収
冷凍機を提供でき、小型の装置で従来技術以上の冷凍能
力を発揮できる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a high-performance absorption refrigeration system capable of efficiently extracting a non-condensable gas (air, etc.) that impedes heat transfer in the absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine and further reducing vapor flow resistance. Machine can be provided. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a high-performance absorption refrigerating machine, and can exert a refrigerating capacity higher than that of the prior art in a small device.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明の一実施例による吸収冷凍機の断面図。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図２】本発明の一実施例による吸収冷凍機のブロック
図。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図３】本発明の他の実施例による吸収冷凍機の説明
図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an absorption refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

【図４】本発明の他の実施例による吸収冷凍機の説明
図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of an absorption refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

【図５】本発明の他の実施例による吸収冷凍機の説明
図。FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of an absorption refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

【図６】吸収冷凍機の系統図。FIG. 6 is a system diagram of an absorption refrigerator.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１…吸収器、３…伝熱管、４…蒸気流れ、５…蒸気整流
板、６…整流板移動装置、７…吸収液スプレ、１０…抽
気口、１１…管群領域、１２…蒸気流路。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Absorber, 3 ... Heat transfer tube, 4 ... Steam flow, 5 ... Steam straightening plate, 6 ... Straightening plate moving device, 7 ... Absorbing liquid spray, 10 ... Extraction port, 11 ... Tube group area, 12 ... Steam flow path .

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中尾 剛 茨城県土浦市神立町603番地 株式会社日 立製作所土浦工場内Front page continuation (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Nakao 603 Jinritsu-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hitate Works Tsuchiura factory

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】複数の伝熱管の表面の液を蒸発させて蒸気
を発生する蒸発器および前記蒸発器から流入する蒸気を
複数の伝熱管の表面の吸収液で吸収させる吸収器を有す
る吸収冷凍機において、前記吸収器内または前記蒸発器
内に、位置または角度を動かすことができる蒸気整流板
が配置されていることを特徴とする吸収冷凍機。1. An absorption refrigeration system comprising: an evaporator that evaporates liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes to generate steam; and an absorber that absorbs steam flowing from the evaporator with an absorbing liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes. In the machine, an absorption refrigerator having a vapor straightening plate whose position or angle can be moved is arranged in the absorber or the evaporator. 【請求項２】複数の伝熱管の表面の液を蒸発させて蒸気
を発生する蒸発器および前記蒸発器から流入する蒸気を
複数の伝熱管の表面の吸収液で吸収させる吸収器を有す
る吸収冷凍機において、前記吸収器または前記蒸発器内
に位置または角度が可動な蒸気整流板が配置され、冷水
の出入口温度および流量を測定するセンサが配置され、
冷水の出入口温度差と流量の積が最大となるように、前
記蒸気整流板の位置または角度がその可動範囲で自動制
御されることを特徴とする吸収冷凍機。2. An absorption refrigeration having an evaporator that evaporates liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes to generate steam and an absorber that absorbs steam flowing from the evaporator with an absorbing liquid on the surfaces of the plurality of heat transfer tubes. In the machine, a vapor rectifying plate whose position or angle is movable is arranged in the absorber or the evaporator, and a sensor for measuring the inlet / outlet temperature and the flow rate of cold water is arranged.
An absorption refrigerator in which the position or angle of the steam straightening plate is automatically controlled within its movable range so that the product of the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cold water and the flow rate is maximized. 【請求項３】複数の伝熱管の表面の液を蒸発させて蒸気
を発生する蒸発器および前記蒸発器から流入する蒸気を
複数の伝熱管の表面の吸収液で吸収させる吸収器を有す
る吸収冷凍機において、前記吸収器は、前記伝熱管の長
手方向から見た断面において、少なくとも一つの壁面に
隣接する伝熱管と壁面が前記吸収器の管群内の最大ピッ
チ以上に離れており蒸気流路が形成され、前記蒸気流路
に位置または角度が可動な蒸気整流板が配置されている
ことを特徴とする吸収冷凍機。3. Absorption refrigeration having an evaporator that evaporates liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes to generate steam and an absorber that absorbs the steam flowing from the evaporator with an absorbing liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes. In the machine, in the absorber, the heat transfer tube adjacent to at least one wall surface and the wall surface are separated from each other by at least the maximum pitch in the tube group of the absorber in a cross section viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube, and the steam flow path is Is formed, and a vapor straightening plate whose position or angle is movable is arranged in the vapor flow path. 【請求項４】複数の伝熱管の表面の液を蒸発させて蒸気
を発生する蒸発器および前記蒸発器から流入する蒸気を
複数の伝熱管の表面の吸収液で吸収させる吸収器を有す
る吸収冷凍機において、前記吸収器は、前記伝熱管の長
手方向から見た断面において、蒸気が管群の上部または
下部より流入し、側壁面の少なくとも一方が隣接する伝
熱管と吸収器管群内の最大ピッチ以上に離れており蒸気
流路が形成され、前記蒸気流路に位置または角度が可動
な蒸気整流板が配置されていることを特徴とする吸収冷
凍機。4. An absorption refrigeration system having an evaporator that evaporates liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes to generate steam, and an absorber that absorbs the steam flowing from the evaporator with an absorbing liquid on the surfaces of the plurality of heat transfer tubes. In the machine, in the absorber, in a cross section viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube, steam flows from the upper or lower part of the tube group, and at least one of the side wall surfaces is adjacent to the heat transfer tube and the maximum in the absorber tube group. An absorption chiller characterized in that a steam flow path is formed at a pitch or more apart, and a steam rectifying plate whose position or angle is movable is arranged in the steam flow path. 【請求項５】複数の伝熱管の表面の液を蒸発させて蒸気
を発生する蒸発器および前記蒸発器から流入する蒸気を
複数の伝熱管の表面の吸収液で吸収させる吸収器を有す
る吸収冷凍機において、前記吸収器は、伝熱管の長手方
向から見た断面において、蒸気が管群の上部より流入
し、側壁面の少なくとも一方が隣接する伝熱管と吸収器
管群内の最大ピッチ以上に離れており蒸気流路が形成さ
れ、かつ管群の下部に抽気口が配置され、前記蒸気流路
に位置または角度が可動な蒸気整流板が配置されている
ことを特徴とする吸収冷凍機。5. An absorption refrigeration having an evaporator that evaporates liquid on the surfaces of a plurality of heat transfer tubes to generate steam and an absorber that absorbs steam flowing from the evaporator with an absorbing liquid on the surfaces of the plurality of heat transfer tubes. In the machine, in the absorber, in a cross section viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tube, steam is introduced from the upper part of the tube group, and at least one of the side wall surfaces is equal to or more than the maximum pitch in the adjacent heat transfer tube and the absorber tube group. An absorption refrigerating machine characterized in that a steam flow path is formed separately, a steam extraction port is arranged at a lower part of a tube group, and a steam straightening plate whose position or angle is movable is arranged in the steam flow path. 【請求項６】請求項５において、前記抽気口が抽気と吸
収液排出の機能を持つ吸収冷凍機。6. The absorption refrigerator according to claim 5, wherein the extraction port has a function of extracting air and discharging an absorbent.