JPH06289637A - Single layer type photoreceptor - Google Patents

Single layer type photoreceptor

Info

Publication number
JPH06289637A
JPH06289637A JP9563793A JP9563793A JPH06289637A JP H06289637 A JPH06289637 A JP H06289637A JP 9563793 A JP9563793 A JP 9563793A JP 9563793 A JP9563793 A JP 9563793A JP H06289637 A JPH06289637 A JP H06289637A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
group
organic
layer
substituted
photoreceptor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP9563793A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masao Yoshikawa
雅夫 吉川
Akio Kojima
明夫 小島
Masayuki Shiyoji
正幸 所司
Kaoru Teramura
薫 寺村
Emi Kawahara
恵美 河原
Masayuki Koyano
正行 小谷野
Hisao Kurosu
久雄 黒須
Ikuko Yamada
郁子 山田
Yumi Ichikawa
由美 市川
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP9563793A priority Critical patent/JPH06289637A/en
Publication of JPH06289637A publication Critical patent/JPH06289637A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a positive chargeable single layer type photoreceptor preventable from the generation of ozone as possible, excellent in chargeability and sensitivity, excellently stable in electrostatic property to repeated copying process and suitable for LD optical writing. CONSTITUTION:The photoreceptor is provided with a single layer of an organic photosensitive layer directly or with an under coating layer on an electroconductive substrate and the photosensitive layer is constituted by dispersing at least a X-type non-metallic phthalocyanine, an organic acceptor type compound and an organic hole transfer material expressed by a formula into a binder. In the formula, each of Ar1, Ar2, Ar5 and Ar6 is aryl group non- substituted or substituted with alkyl group, alkoxyl group, halogen group, cyano group, nitro group or amino and each of Ar3 and Ar4 is arylene group non- substituted or substituted by the substituting groups.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、有機電子写真感光体に
関し、詳しくは正帯電で用いられる単層型の(感光層が
一層からなる)LD光書き込みに好適な電子写真感光体
に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly to a single-layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member (a photosensitive layer is composed of one layer) used for positive charging and suitable for LD optical writing.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】電子写真プロセスは、静電力による潜像
の可視化を原理として用いるものであるため、そのプロ
セスに用いられる電子写真用感光体には良好な帯電特性
と光照射による迅速な表面電位の減衰が必要となる。こ
れらプロセス上必要な特性は、固体物性値である暗抵抗
の高さと良好な量子効率、高い電荷移動度に依存してい
る。これら物性値を満足するものとして、従来、セレ
ン、セレン−テルル合金、ヒ化セレン等の無機化合物か
ら構成された感光体が採用され、多くの複写機で用いら
れてきた。しかしながら、これらの材料は、毒性が強い
等、環境面で幾分問題があり、またアモルファス状態で
用いられるため取扱いがやっかいである。また数十μm
の厚さに真空蒸着する必要がためコストが高い等の欠点
があり、感光体の必要機能を十分満たしているとはいえ
ないものであった。
2. Description of the Related Art Since the electrophotographic process uses the visualization of a latent image by electrostatic force as a principle, the electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the process has good charging characteristics and rapid surface potential due to light irradiation. Will need to be attenuated. The properties required for these processes depend on the high dark resistance, which is a physical property value, good quantum efficiency, and high charge mobility. In order to satisfy these physical property values, a photoconductor composed of an inorganic compound such as selenium, a selenium-tellurium alloy, or selenium arsenide has been conventionally used, and has been used in many copying machines. However, these materials have some environmental problems such as strong toxicity and are difficult to handle because they are used in an amorphous state. Also several tens of μm
However, there is a drawback that the cost is high because of the necessity of vacuum vapor deposition to the thickness of 1, and it cannot be said that the required functions of the photoconductor are sufficiently satisfied.

【0003】これらの欠点を改良するため、有機材料を
用いた電子写真感光体(OPC)の開発が積極的になさ
れ実用に供されるようになって来た。実用化されたOP
Cの殆どは電荷発生機能を有する層(CGL)と電荷輸
送機能を有する層(CTL)からなる積層型の構成であ
り、専ら負帯電プロセスに用いられている。
In order to improve these drawbacks, electrophotographic photoreceptors (OPC) using organic materials have been actively developed and put into practical use. OP put into practical use
Most of C has a laminated structure composed of a layer having a charge generating function (CGL) and a layer having a charge transporting function (CTL), and is mainly used in the negative charging process.

【0004】その理由は、使用される材料を混合し、
単に単層として形成した感光体では、帯電性、感度、静
電的性質の疲労現象が実用の程度以下まで低下する欠点
が露呈してしまう場合が多いのに対し、積層型ではこれ
らの欠点を極力抑えられ、かつ、機械的強度に富み、厚
膜の設計が可能なCTLを表面に配置することで、プロ
セスに供された状態で十分な機械的耐久性を感光体に保
持させることが可能となるからである。また、高速プ
ロセスにおいても支障のない程度の高い電荷移動度を示
す有機材料は、現在のところ殆ど正孔移動の性質のみを
有するドナー化合物に限られているため、ドナー化合物
で形成されたCTRを表面側に配置した感光体では、そ
の帯電極性は負帯電になるからである。しかしながら、
このような機能分離構造は新たな問題を発生している。
The reason is that the materials used are mixed,
In the case of a photoreceptor formed simply as a single layer, there are many cases in which the fatigue phenomenon of chargeability, sensitivity, and electrostatic properties is reduced to below a practical level. By placing a CTL on the surface that can be suppressed as much as possible and is rich in mechanical strength and capable of designing a thick film, it is possible to make the photoconductor retain sufficient mechanical durability in the state of being subjected to the process. It is because In addition, since the organic materials exhibiting a high charge mobility that does not hinder the high speed process are limited to the donor compounds having only the property of the hole transfer at present, the CTR formed by the donor compounds is not available. This is because the charging polarity of the photoconductor arranged on the front side is negative. However,
Such a function separation structure raises a new problem.

【0005】その一つ目は、負帯電に由来するものであ
る。電子写真プロセスにおける信頼性の高い帯電方式は
コロナ放電によるものであり、殆どの複写機、プリンタ
にはこの方式が採用されている。しかしながら、周知の
如く正極性と較べ負極性のコロナ放電は不安定であり、
それ故、スコロトロンによる帯電方式が採用されコスト
アップの一要因となっている。また、負極性のコロナ放
電はオゾンの発生をより多く伴うため、その外部排出を
防ぐべく負帯電方式の複写機やプリンタにはオゾンフィ
ルタが用いられていて、これも装置のコストアップの要
因となっている。正帯電方式であれば、オゾン発生量は
もともと非常に少なく抑えられる。さらに、現状で広く
用いられている2成分系現象剤の使用では、感光体が正
帯電の方が環境変動が少なく安定な画像が得られ、この
面からも正帯電用の感光体が望ましい。
The first one is derived from negative charging. The highly reliable charging method in the electrophotographic process is based on corona discharge, and this method is used in most copying machines and printers. However, as is well known, negative polarity corona discharge is more unstable than positive polarity,
Therefore, the charging method using the scorotron is adopted, which is one of the factors that increase the cost. Further, since negative corona discharge is accompanied by more generation of ozone, an ozone filter is used in a negative charging type copying machine or printer to prevent its discharge to the outside. Has become. With the positive charging method, the amount of ozone generated is originally very small. Further, in the case of using a two-component type phenomenon agent which is widely used under the present circumstances, a positively charged photosensitive member can obtain a stable image with less environmental fluctuation, and from this aspect as well, a positively charged photosensitive member is desirable.

【0006】その二つ目は、積層型構造に由来するもの
である。有機材料を用いた感光体では、真空蒸着法と較
べ、安価な溶液塗布法を用いることが可能であるが、こ
のような積層型感光体を製造するためには少なくとも2
回、通常は感光体の帯電性の確保のため基板のすぐ上
(基板と感光層との間)に下引き層を設けるため3回の
塗布が必要である。これらは感光体のコストアップを引
き起こす。さらに感度、耐久性のバランスを保ち、また
良好な画像を得るため、CGLの厚さをサブミクロンの
範囲で充分に管理することは、製造コストを引き上げる
要因となっている。
The second is derived from the laminated structure. For a photoreceptor using an organic material, an inexpensive solution coating method can be used as compared with the vacuum deposition method, but at least 2 is required for producing such a laminated photoreceptor.
Usually, three times of coating are required to provide an undercoat layer immediately above the substrate (between the substrate and the photosensitive layer) in order to ensure the charging property of the photoreceptor. These increase the cost of the photoconductor. Further, in order to maintain the balance between sensitivity and durability and to obtain a good image, adequate management of the thickness of CGL in the submicron range is a factor that raises the manufacturing cost.

【0007】以上の問題を考慮すると、感光体として有
機材料を用いた、特に正帯電プロセスに用いられる単層
型の感光体が望ましいことが理解される。さらに、感光
体がそのまま、あるいは若干の変更で負帯電プロセスに
用いることは可能であれば安価で使用環境の自由度が高
い利点を有する感光体を作成できることも理解される。
In view of the above problems, it is understood that a single-layer type photoconductor using an organic material as the photoconductor, particularly used in a positive charging process, is desirable. Further, it is also understood that if the photoconductor can be used as it is or with a slight modification for the negative charging process, a photoconductor can be produced which is inexpensive and has a high degree of freedom in use environment.

【0008】しかし、こうした条件を満足する感光体の
例は非常に少ない。単層型の感光体としては、ポリビニ
ルカルバゾールとトリニトロフルオレノンの電荷移動錯
体感光体、チアピリリウム染料とポリカーボネートから
なる共晶錯体型感光体、ペリレン系顔料とヒドラゾンド
ナーが樹脂中に分散された感光体を数えるのみである。
このうち、前二つの例は感度が低く、また繰返し使用の
点で問題があり、さらに、専ら負帯電プロセスに用いら
れていたためオゾン発生の欠点も伴っている。また、最
後の例は感光体の感度が低いため高速の複写プロセスに
は不適な欠点を伴っている。さらに、書き込み光源とし
てLD光を使用したデジタル複写機やプリンタに用いら
れる単層型の感光体は実用化されておらず、実用化され
ている積層型感光体の成分を単に分散した場合では、帯
電電位と感度がともに低く、特に繰返し複写操作でそれ
らが大きく変動する欠点も克服できないでいるのが実情
である。
However, there are very few examples of photoreceptors which satisfy such conditions. As the single-layer type photoconductor, a charge transfer complex photoconductor of polyvinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone, a eutectic complex photoconductor of thiapyrylium dye and polycarbonate, a photoconductor in which a perylene pigment and a hydrazone donor are dispersed in a resin. It only counts.
Of these, the former two examples have low sensitivity and have a problem in repeated use, and further, they are used exclusively in the negative charging process, and therefore have a drawback of ozone generation. Also, the last example has drawbacks that make it unsuitable for high speed copying processes due to the low sensitivity of the photoreceptor. Furthermore, a single-layer type photoconductor used in a digital copying machine or a printer using LD light as a writing light source has not been put into practical use, and in the case where the components of a put-to-use laminated type photoconductor are simply dispersed, The fact is that the charging potential and the sensitivity are both low, and in particular, the drawbacks of large fluctuations during repeated copying operations cannot be overcome.

【0009】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、オゾ
ンの発生を極力防止でき、帯電性及び感度に優れ、ま
た、複写プロセスの繰返しに対し静電特性の安定性に富
み、LD光書き込みに好適な正帯電用の単層型電子写真
感光体を得ることにある。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to prevent the generation of ozone as much as possible, to have excellent chargeability and sensitivity, and to have stable electrostatic characteristics with respect to repeated copying processes. Another object is to obtain a single-layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member for positive charging which is suitable for

【0010】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明によれば、導電性
基体上に直接または下引き層を介して単層の有機感光層
を設けた電子写真感光体であって、前記感光層は少なく
ともX型無金属フタロシアニン、有機アクセプタ性化合
物及び下記一般式(I)で表される有機正孔移動物質が
結着剤中に分散されたものであることを特徴とする単層
型電子写真感光体が提供される。
According to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a single-layer organic photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate directly or through an undercoat layer, wherein the photosensitive layer is at least A single-layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, an organic acceptor compound, and an organic hole transfer material represented by the following general formula (I) dispersed in a binder. Will be provided.

【化1】 (式中、Ar1、Ar2、Ar5及びAr6は、無置換もし
くはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ
基、ニトロ基又はアミノ基で置換されたアリール基を表
わし、Ar3及びAr4は、無置換または上記置換基で置
換されたアリーレン基を表わす。)また、前記有機正孔
移動物質と有機アクセプタ性化合物の重量組成比が1/
2.5〜4/1の範囲にある上記単層型電子写真感光体
が提供される。
[Chemical 1] (In the formula, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 5 and Ar 6 represent an aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or an amino group, and Ar 3 and Ar 4 represents an arylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted by the above-mentioned substituents.) Further, the weight composition ratio of the organic hole transfer substance to the organic acceptor compound is 1 /.
The above-mentioned single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor in the range of 2.5 to 4/1 is provided.

【0011】本発明者等は、単層型で正負両帯電の感度
に優れ、特に正帯電で照射光としてLD光を用いた場合
に好適な有機電子写真感光体について、いろいろな角度
から検討を重ねてきた結果、感光層形成成分としてX型
無金属フタロシアニンを用い、これとともに特定の有機
正孔移動物質及び有機アクセプタ性化合物を用いること
によって望ましい感光体が得られることを見出し本発明
を完成するに至った。
The present inventors have studied from various angles about an organic electrophotographic photosensitive member which is a single-layer type and is excellent in both positive and negative charging sensitivity and which is particularly suitable when LD light is used as irradiation light in positive charging. As a result of repeated development, it has been found that a desired photoconductor can be obtained by using an X-type metal-free phthalocyanine as a component for forming a photosensitive layer, and by using a specific organic hole-transporting substance and an organic acceptor compound with it, the present invention is completed. Came to.

【0012】以下、本発明を添付の図面に従いながらさ
らに詳細に説明する。図において、1は導電性基体、2
は感光層、21は電荷発生物質であるX型無金属フタロ
シアニンである。22は結着剤マトリックス中に有機正
孔移動物質と有機アクセプタ性化合物とが分子状に分散
された層を表わしている。本発明のこのような感光体
は、帯電性と感度に優れ、低速から高速の複写プロセス
まで好適であり、特に光書き込み用にLD光を使用した
デジタル複写機やページプリンタの感光体に好適とな
る。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figure, 1 is a conductive substrate, 2
Is a photosensitive layer, and 21 is an X-type metal-free phthalocyanine which is a charge generating substance. Reference numeral 22 represents a layer in which an organic hole transfer substance and an organic acceptor compound are molecularly dispersed in a binder matrix. Such a photoconductor of the present invention is excellent in charging property and sensitivity and is suitable for a low speed to high speed copying process, and is particularly suitable for a photoconductor of a digital copying machine or a page printer using LD light for optical writing. Become.

【0013】また、本発明の感光体の別の利点は、単に
X型無金属フタロシアニンを樹脂中に分散した感光体に
較べ、用いるX型無金属フタロシアニンの量が少量で済
むことである。前者の感光体では用いる顔料の量が少な
いと感度が低下するため、10wt%程度以下にフタロ
シアニン量を抑えることは困難であるが、本発明の感光
体では、実用的な感度を得るのに1wt%以下までフタ
ロシアニン量を少なくすることも可能となる。このた
め、前者の感光体と較べ、塗布液の作成が容易となり、
保存安定性が増大する。さらに塗布の歩留まりも大きく
向上するものと考えられる。
Another advantage of the photoconductor of the present invention is that the amount of the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine used is smaller than that of the photoconductor in which the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine is simply dispersed in the resin. With the former photoreceptor, it is difficult to suppress the amount of phthalocyanine to about 10 wt% or less because the sensitivity decreases when the amount of pigment used is small, but with the photoreceptor of the present invention, 1 wt is required to obtain practical sensitivity. It is also possible to reduce the amount of phthalocyanine to below 0.1%. Therefore, compared to the former photoconductor, it is easier to create a coating liquid,
Storage stability is increased. Further, it is considered that the yield of coating is greatly improved.

【0014】本発明の感光体は、先に記載したとおり少
なくともX型無金属フタロシアニン、有機正孔移動物
質、有機アクセプタ性化合物が結着剤中に分散されたも
のであり、特に重要なことは該有機正孔移動物質とし
て、前記一般式(I)で表わされる化合物を用いること
である。この使用により良好な感度が実現される。
As described above, the photoconductor of the present invention has at least the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, the organic hole-transporting substance, and the organic acceptor compound dispersed in the binder, and is particularly important. The compound represented by the general formula (I) is used as the organic hole-transporting substance. Good sensitivity is achieved by this use.

【0015】本発明者等の検討によれば、良好な感度の
実現の機構は次のように推定される。本発明の感光体に
用いられるX型無金属フタロシアニン粒子を樹脂中に分
散した感光体を正帯電し光減衰特性を調べると、光照射
直後は表面電位の減衰が低い、所謂インダクション現象
が見られる。この現象は樹脂中に顔料を分散した感光体
で一般的に認められており、顔料表面にトラップサイト
が多数存在しているためと説明されている。従ってX型
無金属フタロシアニン表面にもトラップサイトが多数存
在していると考えられる。
According to the study by the present inventors, the mechanism for achieving good sensitivity is estimated as follows. When the photo-attenuation characteristics of a photo-conductor in which X-type metal-free phthalocyanine particles used in the photo-conductor of the present invention are dispersed in a resin are positively charged and the light attenuation characteristics are examined, a so-called induction phenomenon in which the surface potential is attenuated immediately after light irradiation is observed. . This phenomenon is generally recognized in the photoconductor in which the pigment is dispersed in the resin, and it is explained that many trap sites are present on the surface of the pigment. Therefore, it is considered that many trap sites also exist on the surface of the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine.

【0016】一方、X型無金属フタロシアニン粒子の分
散膜に本発明にかかわる正孔移動物質を添加した単層感
光体を正帯電し、その光減衰特性を調べると前記インダ
クション現象はみられず、光照射初期の光減衰速度が大
幅に上昇することが分かった。これは正孔移動物質によ
り顔料表面のトラップが補償されたためと考えられる。
また、本発明で用いる正孔移動物質は樹脂中への分子状
の分散が可能であるため、均質なマトリックスが形成さ
れ、このため、感光体の正孔移動度は主としてマトリッ
クスでの正孔移動度で決定されるものと考えられる。こ
の場合、本発明で用いる正孔移動物質の移動度は有機物
質の中では高いため、X型無金属フタロシアニンで発生
し、正孔移動物質に注入された正孔はトラップを受ける
ことなくマトリックスを移動し、表面電位の速い低下が
もたらされると考えられる。
On the other hand, when the single-layer photoconductor in which the hole-transporting substance according to the present invention is added to the dispersion film of X-type metal-free phthalocyanine particles is positively charged and the light decay characteristics thereof are examined, the induction phenomenon is not observed. It was found that the light decay rate at the initial stage of light irradiation increased significantly. It is considered that this is because the hole transfer substance compensated for the trap on the pigment surface.
In addition, since the hole transfer material used in the present invention can be dispersed in the resin in a molecular form, a homogeneous matrix is formed. Therefore, the hole mobility of the photoreceptor is mainly due to the hole transfer in the matrix. It is considered to be decided by the degree. In this case, since the mobility of the hole transfer material used in the present invention is high among organic materials, the holes generated in the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine and injected into the hole transfer material are trapped in the matrix. It is believed that they migrate and cause a rapid decrease in surface potential.

【0017】表1に本発明に用いられる正孔移動物質の
具体例を示す。
Table 1 shows specific examples of the hole transfer material used in the present invention.

【0018】[0018]

【表1−(1)】 [Table 1- (1)]

【0019】[0019]

【表1−(2)】 [Table 1- (2)]

【0020】本発明で用いられるX型無金属フタロシア
ニンの感光層全体に占める量は、0.1〜40wt%、
好ましくは0.3〜25wt%が適当である。本発明の
単層型感光体のおける有機アクセプタ性化合物の役割
は、残留電位の低下と感光体の静電的特性の長寿命化で
ある。これらの改良の原因は明確ではないが、その一つ
として光照射により電荷発生物質が発生した正孔と電子
のうちの電子を引き抜くことで電荷発生物質の内部電界
の低減の防止と電気抵抗の低下を防止することが考えら
れる。
The amount of X-type metal-free phthalocyanine used in the present invention in the entire photosensitive layer is 0.1 to 40 wt%,
Preferably 0.3 to 25 wt% is appropriate. The role of the organic acceptor compound in the single-layer type photoconductor of the present invention is to lower the residual potential and to prolong the life of electrostatic properties of the photoconductor. The cause of these improvements is not clear, but one of them is to prevent the reduction of the internal electric field of the charge generating substance and to reduce the electric resistance by extracting the electrons out of the holes and electrons generated by the charge generating substance by light irradiation. It is possible to prevent the decrease.

【0021】本発明で用いることができる有機アクセプ
タ性化合物としては、キノン化合物、ニトリル基を有す
るπ電子化合物、ニトロ基を有するπ電子化合物が挙げ
られる。これらの感光層に占める割合は1〜40wt
%、好ましくは5〜40wt%である。
Examples of the organic acceptor compound that can be used in the present invention include quinone compounds, π-electron compounds having a nitrile group, and π-electron compounds having a nitro group. The proportion of these photosensitive layers is 1 to 40 wt.
%, Preferably 5 to 40 wt%.

【0022】本発明では、正孔移動物質と有機アクセプ
タ性化合物の量比を1/2.5〜4/1(重量比)の間
にすることが好ましい。正孔移動物質量がこれよりも多
い場合には静電特性の繰返しが低下し、また、少ない場
合には特に正帯電時の感度が低下する。
In the present invention, it is preferable that the ratio of the amount of the hole transfer substance to the organic acceptor compound is between 1 / 2.5 and 4/1 (weight ratio). If the amount of the hole-transporting substance is larger than this, the repetition of electrostatic characteristics is lowered, and if it is small, the sensitivity particularly at the time of positive charging is lowered.

【0023】感光体における結着剤の役割は、電荷発生
物質の良好な分散と電荷移動物質の分子状の分散ばかり
でなく、複写プロセスで必要とされる感光体の機械的強
度も担っている。このため、結着時の組成が低い場合に
はこれらの諸性質が損なわれることとなる。従って、結
着剤の組成はむやみに低くはできない。これら結着剤の
感光層全体に占める割合は30〜90重量%好ましくは
40〜70重量%である。
The role of the binder in the photoconductor is not only good dispersion of the charge generating substance and molecular dispersion of the charge transfer substance, but also the mechanical strength of the photoconductor required in the copying process. . Therefore, if the composition at the time of binding is low, these various properties will be impaired. Therefore, the composition of the binder cannot be unnecessarily lowered. The proportion of these binders in the entire photosensitive layer is 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 40 to 70% by weight.

【0024】本発明で用いることができる結着剤として
は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アクリル樹脂、メ
タクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、エポ
キシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエ
ステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、
シリコーン樹脂、メラミン樹脂等の付加重合型樹脂、重
付加型樹脂、重縮合型樹脂並びにこれらの繰返し単位の
うち二つ以上を含む共重合体樹脂、例えば塩化ビニル−
酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マ
レイン酸共重合体樹脂を挙げることができる。
The binder which can be used in the present invention includes polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, polycarbonate. resin,
Addition polymerization resins such as silicone resins and melamine resins, polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins and copolymer resins containing two or more of these repeating units, for example vinyl chloride-
Examples thereof include vinyl acetate copolymer and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resin.

【0025】感光層の厚さは、5〜100μmが好まし
い。これより薄いと帯電性が低下し厚いと感度の低下を
きたす。本発明で用いることのできる導電性基体として
は、アルミニウム、ニッケル、銅、ステンレス等の金属
板、金属ドラムまたは金属箔、アルミニウム、酸化錫、
ヨウ化銅の薄膜を塗布したプラスチックフィルム、ある
いはガラス等が挙げられる。
The thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably 5 to 100 μm. If it is thinner than this, the charging property is lowered, and if it is thicker, the sensitivity is lowered. Examples of the conductive substrate that can be used in the present invention include metal plates such as aluminum, nickel, copper, and stainless steel, metal drums or metal foils, aluminum, tin oxide,
Examples thereof include a plastic film coated with a thin film of copper iodide, glass, and the like.

【0026】本発明の感光体では、帯電性を改良する目
的で感光層と導電性基体の間に下引き層を設けることが
できる。これらの材料としては前記結着剤材料の他に、
ポリアミド樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール、カゼイン、ポ
リビニルピロリドン等を用いることができる。
In the photoreceptor of the present invention, an undercoat layer may be provided between the photosensitive layer and the conductive substrate for the purpose of improving charging property. As these materials, in addition to the binder material,
Polyamide resin, polyvinyl alcohol, casein, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. can be used.

【0027】本発明の感光体を作製するには前記の材料
を有機溶剤中に溶解、またはボールミル、超音波等で分
散して調製した感光層形成液を浸積法やブレード塗布、
スプレー塗布等で基体上に塗布し、感光層を形成すれば
よい。
In order to produce the photoreceptor of the present invention, the above-mentioned materials are dissolved in an organic solvent or dispersed by a ball mill, an ultrasonic wave or the like to prepare a photosensitive layer forming solution, which is subjected to an immersion method or blade coating,
The photosensitive layer may be formed by coating the substrate by spray coating or the like.

【0028】[0028]

【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例により説明する。 実施例1〜5 X型無金属フタロシアニン顔料1gをポリカーボネート
Z(PC−Z)溶液10g(テトラヒドロフラン中に1
0wt%に溶解したもの)、テトラヒドロフラン9gと
ともにボールミリングした後、顔料2wt%、PC−Z
成が50wt%、下記式(II)(化2)で示されるア
クセプタ化合物が18wt%、表2に示される正孔移動
物質が30wt%となるよう15wt%のPC−Z溶
液、アクセプタ化合物、正孔移動物質を加え、感光体の
塗布液を作製した。この液をアルミニウム基体上に塗布
し加熱乾燥して約20μmの単層型感光体を作製した。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. Examples 1 to 5 1 g of X-type metal-free phthalocyanine pigment was added with 10 g of a polycarbonate Z (PC-Z) solution (1 in tetrahydrofuran).
(Dissolved in 0 wt%), ball milled with 9 g of tetrahydrofuran, then pigment 2 wt%, PC-Z
The composition is 50 wt%, the acceptor compound represented by the following formula (II) (Chemical Formula 2) is 18 wt%, and the hole transfer substance shown in Table 2 is 30 wt%. A hole transfer substance was added to prepare a coating solution for the photoreceptor. This solution was applied onto an aluminum substrate and dried by heating to prepare a single layer type photoreceptor having a thickness of about 20 μm.

【化2】 [Chemical 2]

【0029】比較例1 実施例1において、正孔移動物質を除き、代わりにPC
−Zを用いた以外を実施例1と同様にして単層型感光体
を作製した。
Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the hole transfer material was omitted, and instead of PC
A single-layer type photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that -Z was used.

【0030】比較例2 実施例1において、正孔移動物質を除き、代わりに前記
化2で示されるアクセプタ化合物を用いた以外は実施例
1と同様にして単層型感光体を作製した。
Comparative Example 2 A single-layer type photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hole-transporting substance was removed and the acceptor compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 was used instead.

【0031】以上の実施例及び比較例の感光体を川口電
気社製静電複写紙試験装置(SP−428)で帯電電位
Vo(20秒間帯電し20秒暗減衰後の表面電位値)と
光照射後表面電位が1/2に減衰するのに必要な露光量
(E1/2)を測定したところ表2の結果が得られた。
The photoconductors of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were charged with a charging potential Vo (surface potential value after 20 seconds of dark decay for 20 seconds) and light with an electrostatic copying paper tester (SP-428) manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd. When the amount of exposure (E1 / 2) required for the surface potential to be attenuated to 1/2 after irradiation was measured, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

【0032】[0032]

【表2】 表2から明らかなように実施例のものの感度が非常に優
れたものであることが分かる。
[Table 2] As is apparent from Table 2, the sensitivity of the example is extremely excellent.

【0033】実施例6〜10 実施例3で用いた正孔移動物質、有機アクセプタ性化合
物を用い、その組成比(正孔移動物質/有機アクセプタ
性化合物の重量比)を表3のように代えた以外は実施例
1と同様にして感光層を作製し、静電特性を測定した。
また、この感光体をデジタル複写機(リコー社製IMA
GIO420、但し、帯電極性をプラスに変更)によ
り、帯電、光クエンチを繰返し、帯電電位(Vd)と光
クエンチ後の電位(Vr)を測定した。結果を表3に示
す。
Examples 6 to 10 The hole transfer material and organic acceptor compound used in Example 3 were used, and the composition ratio (weight ratio of hole transfer material / organic acceptor compound) was changed as shown in Table 3. Except for the above, a photosensitive layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the electrostatic characteristics were measured.
In addition, this photoconductor is a digital copying machine
GIO420, but the charging polarity was changed to positive), charging and photoquenching were repeated, and the charging potential (Vd) and the potential after photoquenching (Vr) were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

【0034】[0034]

【表3】 表3から正孔移動物質と有機アクセプタ性化合物の重量
比によって帯電特性及び感度が振れ、殊に正孔移動物質
が重量比で4/1より多い場合には静電特性の繰返しが
低下し、1/2.5より少ない場合には感度が低下する
ことが分かる。
[Table 3] From Table 3, the charging characteristics and sensitivity fluctuate depending on the weight ratio of the hole transfer material and the organic acceptor compound, and especially when the weight ratio of the hole transfer material is more than 4/1, the repetition of the electrostatic characteristics decreases. It can be seen that the sensitivity decreases when the ratio is less than 1 / 2.5.

【0035】[0035]

【発明の効果】本発明の単層型電子写真感光体はオゾン
の発生を極力防止でき、帯電性及び感度に優れ、また、
複写プロセスの繰返しに対し静電特性の安定性に富むも
のであり、従ってLD光書き込みに好適なものである。
また、上記有機正孔移動物質とアクセプタ性化合物の重
量比を1/2.5〜4/1の範囲にすることにより感度
及び繰返し特性がさらに向上する。
The single-layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can prevent the generation of ozone as much as possible and is excellent in charging property and sensitivity.
It is highly stable in electrostatic characteristics with respect to repetition of the copying process, and is therefore suitable for LD optical writing.
Further, by setting the weight ratio of the organic hole transfer substance to the acceptor compound in the range of 1 / 2.5 to 4/1, the sensitivity and repeatability are further improved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の単層型電子写真感光体の断面図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a single-layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…導電性基体、2…感光層、21…電荷発生物質、2
2…結着剤マトリックス中に有機正孔移動物質とアクセ
プタ性化合物とが分子状に分散された層。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Conductive substrate, 2 ... Photosensitive layer, 21 ... Charge generating substance, 2
2 ... A layer in which an organic hole transfer substance and an acceptor compound are molecularly dispersed in a binder matrix.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 寺村 薫 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 (72)発明者 河原 恵美 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 (72)発明者 小谷野 正行 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 (72)発明者 黒須 久雄 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 (72)発明者 山田 郁子 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 (72)発明者 市川 由美 東京都大田区中馬込1丁目3番6号 株式 会社リコー内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Kaoru Teramura 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Stock company Ricoh Co., Ltd. (72) Emi Kawahara 1-3-3 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Stocks In Ricoh Company (72) Inventor Masayuki Oyano 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Stock Company Ricoh (72) Inventor Hisao Kurosu 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Stock Company Ricoh ( 72) Inventor Ikuko Yamada 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ricoh Company (72) Inventor Yumi Ichikawa 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ricoh Company

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 導電性基体上に直接または下引き層を介
して単層の有機感光層を設けた電子写真感光体であっ
て、前記感光層は少なくともX型無金属フタロシアニ
ン、有機アクセプタ性化合物及び下記一般式(I)で表
される有機正孔移動物質が結着剤中に分散されたもので
あることを特徴とする単層型電子写真感光体。 【化1】 (式中、Ar1、Ar2、Ar5及びAr6は、無置換もし
くはアルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ
基、ニトロ基又はアミノ基で置換されたアリール基を表
わし、Ar3及びAr4は、無置換または上記置換基で置
換されたアリーレン基を表わす。)
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a single-layer organic photosensitive layer directly or via an undercoat layer on a conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer is at least X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, an organic acceptor compound. And a single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor in which an organic hole-transporting material represented by the following general formula (I) is dispersed in a binder. [Chemical 1] (In the formula, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 5 and Ar 6 represent an aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or an amino group, and Ar 3 and Ar 4 represents an arylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with the above substituents.)
【請求項2】 有機正孔移動物質と有機アクセプタ性化
合物の重量組成比が1/2.5〜4/1の範囲にある単
層型電子写真感光体。
2. A single-layer type electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the weight composition ratio of the organic hole transfer substance and the organic acceptor compound is in the range of 1 / 2.5 to 4/1.
JP9563793A 1993-03-30 1993-03-30 Single layer type photoreceptor Pending JPH06289637A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9563793A JPH06289637A (en) 1993-03-30 1993-03-30 Single layer type photoreceptor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9563793A JPH06289637A (en) 1993-03-30 1993-03-30 Single layer type photoreceptor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06289637A true JPH06289637A (en) 1994-10-18

Family

ID=14143036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9563793A Pending JPH06289637A (en) 1993-03-30 1993-03-30 Single layer type photoreceptor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06289637A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016180846A (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-10-13 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Positively chargeable single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016180846A (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-10-13 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Positively chargeable single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

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