JPH06285657A - Laser welding process - Google Patents
Laser welding processInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06285657A JPH06285657A JP5094923A JP9492393A JPH06285657A JP H06285657 A JPH06285657 A JP H06285657A JP 5094923 A JP5094923 A JP 5094923A JP 9492393 A JP9492393 A JP 9492393A JP H06285657 A JPH06285657 A JP H06285657A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- laser
- filler wire
- diameter
- laser welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、フィラワイヤを用いる
レーザー溶接方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laser welding method using a filler wire.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】レーザー溶接は、レーザー加工技術の一
つとして知られており、レーザーの発振器によって作ら
れた波長と位相の揃った（コヒーレントな）光をレンズ
やミラーで細く絞って被溶接材に照射し、この光を被溶
接材に吸収させることにより加熱・溶融して接合する方
法である。この溶接法の特徴は、溶接アークの千倍以上
の高エネルギー密度で大気中で減衰せず、サブミリの微
細性及び光学系によってビームを自由に操作できる高制
御性にある。このため高速溶接ができ、薄板の突合わせ
溶接や重ね溶接に利用しており、溶接に用いられるレー
ザーは、気体レーザーであるＣＯ2 レーザーと固体レー
ザーであるＹＡＧレーザーがある。さらに、電子ビーム
溶接のように真空加工室を必要としないため、コストパ
フォーマンスの上昇とともにレーザー溶接が普及しつつ
ある。2. Description of the Related Art Laser welding is known as one of laser processing technologies. It is a material to be welded by squeezing light (coherent) that has a uniform wavelength and phase produced by a laser oscillator with a lens or mirror. It is a method of heating, melting, and joining by irradiating the material with the light and absorbing the light in the material to be welded. The characteristic of this welding method is that it does not attenuate in the atmosphere at a high energy density more than 1,000 times that of a welding arc, and it has a submillimeter fineness and a high controllability that the beam can be freely manipulated by an optical system. For this reason, high-speed welding is possible, and it is used for butt welding and lap welding of thin plates. The lasers used for welding include CO 2 laser which is a gas laser and YAG laser which is a solid laser. Furthermore, unlike the electron beam welding, a vacuum processing chamber is not required, so that laser welding is becoming popular along with the increase in cost performance.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来、レーザー溶接で
は、溶加材を用いずに溶接する方法と、溶加材として比
較的中炭素量でＳｉやＭｎを含有するソリッドワイヤを
用いる方法が採用されていた。一般にレーザー溶接に用
いられる継手は特別な開先加工を施さないＩ形突合わせ
継手が多いが、前者のように溶加材を用いない場合は、
母材の目違い、ギャップに対する許容度が小さく、また
ブローホールやピットが出易いという問題があった。Conventionally, in laser welding, a method of welding without using a filler material and a method of using a solid wire containing Si or Mn in a relatively medium carbon amount as a filler material have been adopted. It had been. In general, most of the joints used for laser welding are I-shaped butt joints that do not undergo special groove processing, but when the filler metal is not used like the former,
There was a problem that the tolerance of the base material was small and the tolerance for the gap was small, and that blowholes and pits were easily formed.
【０００４】一方、後者のように溶加材を用いた場合
は、レーザー溶接では冷却速度が速いため、溶接金属の
硬さが高くなりすぎ母材との硬度差が大きく、溶接継手
として問題が多かった。また、例えば亜鉛メッキ鋼板の
ような表面処理鋼板を溶接する場合、溶接部にピット、
ブローホールが多発するという問題があった。On the other hand, when a filler metal is used as in the latter case, the cooling rate in laser welding is high, so that the hardness of the weld metal becomes too high and the hardness difference from the base metal is large, which causes a problem as a welded joint. There were many. In addition, when welding a surface-treated steel sheet such as a galvanized steel sheet, for example, a pit at the welded portion,
There was a problem of frequent blowholes.
【０００５】このような問題点を解決する手段として例
えば、鋼ワイヤをフィラワイヤとして用いる特開平２−
１６３５５号公報記載の技術や、フラックス入りワイヤ
をフィラワイヤとして用いた特開平２−２３７０８号公
報に記載されている技術がある。これらの技術はレーザ
ー溶接時に溶加材を用い、母材の目違いやギャップに対
する許容範囲を拡大し、一部ワイヤの成分を限定し母材
と溶接金属の硬度差を比較的小さくし、また亜鉛メッキ
鋼板の溶接時に発生するピットやブローホールを低減し
たものが提案されている。しかし、レーザー溶接にワイ
ヤを用いる場合、実用にあたっては上記問題点を十分に
は解消できていない。As a means for solving such a problem, for example, a steel wire is used as a filler wire.
There is a technology described in Japanese Patent No. 16355 and a technology described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-23708 which uses a flux-cored wire as a filler wire. These technologies use a filler metal during laser welding, expand the tolerance range for misalignment and gaps of the base metal, limit the components of some wires, and make the hardness difference between the base metal and the weld metal relatively small. It has been proposed to reduce the number of pits and blow holes generated during welding of galvanized steel sheets. However, when a wire is used for laser welding, the above problems have not been sufficiently solved in practical use.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は前記課題を解決
するものであって、フィラワイヤを用いるレーザー溶接
において、フィラワイヤ径をＷ、レーザービーム径をＬ
としたときＷ／Ｌの値を０．５〜１．４としたことを特
徴とするレーザー溶接方法である。The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in laser welding using a filler wire, the filler wire diameter is W and the laser beam diameter is L.
In this case, the W / L value is 0.5 to 1.4.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために、レ
ーザー溶接する際の溶接条件、ワイヤ径等について多く
の実験と検討を重ねてきた結果、ここに本発明をなしえ
たものである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made many experiments and examinations on welding conditions, wire diameters, etc. at the time of laser welding, and as a result, have achieved the present invention. .
【０００８】図１は、フィラワイヤ径とレーザービーム
径との関係を知るためにＣＯ2 レーザーを用いて行った
試験の結果である。図２は溶接装置の概念図で１はレー
ザー発振器、２はトーチ、５は溶接ビードである。溶接
条件としては出力を３ｋＷ、モードはＴＥＭ01 * （ニア
シングルモード）とマルチモードとし、ビーム径を０．
４〜０．８ｍｍの範囲で変化させた。溶接速度は３．０
ｍ／ｍｉｎとし、フィラワイヤ３は０．３〜１．２ｍｍ
径の鋼ワイヤを使用し送給速度を２．０ｍ／ｍｉｎとし
た。Ａｒガス（流量１０リットル／ｍｉｎ）をアシスト
ガス６として用い溶接継手は突合わせ継手とし、母材４
は０．８ｍｍ厚のＳＰＣＣ材（ＪＩＳＧ ３１４１）を
使用した。FIG. 1 shows the result of a test conducted using a CO 2 laser in order to know the relationship between the diameter of the filler wire and the diameter of the laser beam. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a welding apparatus, 1 is a laser oscillator, 2 is a torch, and 5 is a welding bead. The welding conditions were an output of 3 kW, modes of TEM 01 * (near single mode) and multi-mode, and a beam diameter of 0.
It was changed in the range of 4 to 0.8 mm. Welding speed is 3.0
m / min, the filler wire 3 is 0.3 to 1.2 mm
The diameter of the steel wire was used and the feed rate was 2.0 m / min. Ar gas (flow rate 10 liter / min) was used as the assist gas 6 and the weld joint was a butt joint, and the base metal 4
Was 0.8 mm thick SPCC material (JISG 3141).
【０００９】ビード形状の判定基準は、○はビード幅及
び高さが一様でアンダーカット等の欠陥の無いものと
し、×はビード幅及び高さが不揃い、あるいはアンダー
カット等の欠陥が有るものとした。その結果、図１に示
すようにフィラワイヤ径をＷとしレーザービーム径をＬ
としたときのＷ／Ｌの値が０．５〜１．４の範囲ではビ
ード形状が良好で健全な溶接部を得ることができた。The criteria for bead shape are as follows: ○: uniform bead width and height with no defects such as undercut, ×: irregular bead width and height, or defects such as undercut And As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the filler wire diameter is W and the laser beam diameter is L.
When the value of W / L was 0.5 to 1.4, the bead shape was good and a sound weld could be obtained.
【００１０】しかし、Ｗ／Ｌの値が０．５未満ではフィ
ラワイヤがビーム手前で溶融し健全なビードが得られ
ず、またビームまで送給されてもビード趾端部にアンダ
ーカット等が生じ健全な溶接部を得ることができなかっ
た。一方、Ｗ／Ｌの値が１．４超ではフィラワイヤ径が
ビーム径より大きいためフィラワイヤの片溶けが生じ、
ビード幅が不揃いなハンピングビードとなる。However, if the value of W / L is less than 0.5, the filler wire is melted in front of the beam and a sound bead cannot be obtained. Moreover, even if the filler wire is fed to the beam, an undercut or the like occurs at the end of the bead toe and sound. We could not get a good weld. On the other hand, if the value of W / L exceeds 1.4, the filler wire diameter is larger than the beam diameter, so that the filler wire is partially melted,
A humping bead with uneven bead width.
【００１１】レーザー溶接の主な条件としては、レーザ
ー光の種類、ビームモード、ビーム径、出力、溶接速度
等がある。レーザー光の種類には気体レーザー（例、Ｃ
Ｏ2レーザー）や固体レーザー（例、ＹＡＧレーザー）
等があるが、大きな出力が得られるＣＯ2 レーザーが望
ましく、ＹＡＧレーザーも可能である。レーザービーム
モードには、シングルモード、マルチモード、リングモ
ード等があり、パワー密度はシングルモードが最も高い
が、溶込み特性やギャップ等の点からマルチモードやリ
ングモードが望ましい。出力、溶接速度等の実用範囲と
しては、出力は１〜５ｋＷ、溶接速度は１．０〜５．０
ｍ／ｍｉｎである。The main conditions for laser welding include the type of laser light, beam mode, beam diameter, output, welding speed and the like. Gas lasers (eg C
O 2 laser) and solid state laser (eg YAG laser)
However, a CO 2 laser that can obtain a large output is preferable, and a YAG laser is also possible. The laser beam mode includes a single mode, a multi mode, a ring mode, and the like, and the single mode has the highest power density, but the multi mode and the ring mode are desirable from the viewpoint of the penetration characteristics and the gap. As a practical range of output, welding speed, etc., output is 1 to 5 kW, welding speed is 1.0 to 5.0
m / min.
【００１２】本発明は、母材の材質、表面処理方法、板
厚等にも制限はなく、薄鋼板の突合わせ溶接、重ね溶接
に適している。The present invention is not limited in the material of the base material, the surface treatment method, the plate thickness, etc., and is suitable for butt welding and lap welding of thin steel plates.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】レーザー溶接条件としては図２に示したＣＯ
2 レーザーを用い、出力を２〜５ｋＷの範囲で変化さ
せ、モードはマルチモードとし、ビーム径；Ｌを０．５
〜１．０ｍｍの範囲で変化させた。溶接速度は１．０〜
４．０ｍ／ｍｉｎの範囲で行い、またフィラワイヤは
径；Ｗは０．４〜１．１ｍｍの鋼ワイヤとフラックス入
りワイヤを用い送給速度を２．０ｍ／ｍｉｎとした。Ａ
ｒガス（流量１０リットル／ｍｉｎ）をアシストガスと
して用い、溶接継手は突合わせ継手としギャップを０〜
０．３ｍｍの範囲で変化させた。母材は、０．８ｍｍ厚
のＳＰＣＣ材（ＪＩＳ Ｇ３１４１）を使用し溶接実験
を行い、ビード形状及び内部健全性を調査した。ビード
形状は目視により行い、判定基準は前述と同様にした。
内部健全性は、ＪＩＳ Ｚ３１０４に準拠しＸ線透過試
験を行い、判定基準はビード全長をＸ線透過試験しブロ
ーホールの発生率がビード全長に対し１５％以下を良好
（○）、１５％超４０％以下をやや不良（△）、４０％
超を不良（×）とした。表１に結果を示す。EXAMPLE As the laser welding conditions, the CO shown in FIG. 2 was used.
2 lasers are used, the output is changed in the range of 2 to 5 kW, the mode is set to multimode, and the beam diameter; L is 0.5.
It was changed in the range of 1.0 mm. Welding speed is 1.0 ~
The filler wire had a diameter; W was 0.4 to 1.1 mm and a flux-cored wire was used, and the feed rate was 2.0 m / min. A
r gas (flow rate 10 liter / min) was used as an assist gas, the weld joint was a butt joint, and the gap was 0
It was changed in the range of 0.3 mm. A welding test was performed using a 0.8 mm-thick SPCC material (JIS G3141) as a base material, and the bead shape and internal soundness were investigated. The bead shape was visually observed, and the judgment criteria were the same as described above.
Regarding the internal soundness, an X-ray transmission test is performed in conformity with JIS Z3104, and the criterion is the X-ray transmission test of the entire bead length. Blow hole occurrence rate is 15% or less relative to the bead length (good), more than 15%. 40% or less is a little bad (△), 40%
The super was considered bad (x). The results are shown in Table 1.
【００１４】[0014]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１５】表１からも明らかなように本発明例では溶
接部のビード形状、健全性とも良好な結果が得られた。
これに対しＮｏ．７のフィラワイヤを使用しない比較例
はギャップが０ｍｍではビード形状は良好であるが内部
健全性が不良となった。また、ギャップが０．３ｍｍで
はビード形状、内部健全性とも不良となった。As is clear from Table 1, in the examples of the present invention, good results were obtained regarding the bead shape and soundness of the welded portion.
On the other hand, No. In Comparative Example 7 using no filler wire, the bead shape was good but the internal soundness was poor when the gap was 0 mm. Further, when the gap was 0.3 mm, the bead shape and the internal soundness were poor.
【００１６】比較例Ｎｏ．８，Ｎｏ．９はソリッドワイ
ヤをフィラワイヤとして用いたが、Ｗ／Ｌの値が本発明
外のためギャップの有る無しに関係なく溶接部のビード
形状、健全性のいずれも不良となった。Comparative Example No. 8, No. In No. 9, a solid wire was used as a filler wire, but since the value of W / L was outside the scope of the present invention, the bead shape and soundness of the welded portion were defective regardless of whether or not there was a gap.
【００１７】さらに、フラックス入りワイヤをフィラワ
イヤとして用いた比較例Ｎｏ．１０，Ｎｏ．１１では、
溶接部の健全性に若干の改善が見られるものの、Ｗ／Ｌ
の値が本発明外であるため、ビードの幅及び高さが不揃
い、あるいはアンダーカット等の欠陥が生じた。Further, in Comparative Example No. 6 using a flux-cored wire as a filler wire. 10, No. In 11,
Although there is some improvement in the soundness of the welded part, W / L
Since the value of is outside the scope of the present invention, the width and height of the bead are not uniform, or defects such as undercut occur.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上に示したように、本発明によればレ
ーザー溶接においてフィラワイヤ径；Ｗと、レーザービ
ーム径；Ｌの（Ｗ／Ｌ）の値を０．５〜１．４にするこ
とにより母材の目違いやギャップに対する許容度の拡大
が図れるほか、ブローホール等の溶接欠陥の発生の少な
い健全な溶接金属が得られる。As described above, according to the present invention, the value of (W / L) of filler wire diameter; W and laser beam diameter; L is set to 0.5 to 1.4 in laser welding. By doing so, the tolerance for gaps and gaps in the base metal can be increased, and a sound weld metal with few weld defects such as blowholes can be obtained.
【図１】フィラワイヤ径とレーザービーム径とビード形
状との関係を示すグラフFIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between filler wire diameter, laser beam diameter, and bead shape.
【図２】レーザー溶接装置の概念図[Figure 2] Conceptual diagram of laser welding equipment
【符号の説明】 １ レーザー発振器 ２ トーチ ３ フィラワイヤ ４ 母材 ５ 溶接ビード ６ アシストガス[Explanation of symbols] 1 laser oscillator 2 torch 3 filler wire 4 base metal 5 welding bead 6 assist gas
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成５年６月１５日[Submission date] June 15, 1993
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】００１０[Correction target item name] 0010
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【００１０】しかし、Ｗ／Ｌの値が０．５未満ではフィ
ラワイヤがビーム手前で溶融し健全なビードが得られ
ず、またビームまで送給されてもビード趾端部にアンダ
ーカット等が生じ健全な溶接部を得ることができなかっ
た。一方、Ｗ／Ｌの値が１．４超ではフィラワイヤ径が
ビーム径より大き過ぎるためフィラワイヤの片溶けが生
じ、ビード幅が不揃いなハンピングビードとなる。However, if the value of W / L is less than 0.5, the filler wire is melted in front of the beam and a sound bead cannot be obtained. Moreover, even if the filler wire is fed to the beam, an undercut or the like occurs at the end of the bead toe and sound. We could not get a good weld. On the other hand, if the value of W / L exceeds 1.4, the filler wire diameter is too larger than the beam diameter, so that the filler wire is partially melted, resulting in a humping bead having uneven bead widths.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 宮崎 康信 千葉県富津市新富20−１ 新日本製鐵株式 会社技術開発本部内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yasunobu Miyazaki 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu City, Chiba Shin Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Technology Development Division
Claims (1)
いて、フィラワイヤ径をＷ、レーザービーム径をＬとし
たときＷ／Ｌの値を０．５〜１．４としたことを特徴と
するレーザー溶接方法。1. A laser welding method, wherein in the laser welding using a filler wire, the value of W / L is 0.5 to 1.4, where W is the filler wire diameter and L is the laser beam diameter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5094923A JPH06285657A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Laser welding process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5094923A JPH06285657A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Laser welding process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06285657A true JPH06285657A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
Family
ID=14123502
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5094923A Pending JPH06285657A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Laser welding process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06285657A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002066776A (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-05 | Showa Denko Kk | Laser beam welding process |
| US6735266B1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2004-05-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Control rod for boiling water reactor and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP2010167436A (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-08-05 | Tokyu Car Corp | Laser welding method |
| EP2651596A4 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2017-07-19 | Magna International Inc. | Laser beam welding |
| JP2017189485A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | 株式会社ビアーチェ | Welding method of accessory or jewel |
| JP2018202450A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Laser processing apparatus |
-
1993
- 1993-03-31 JP JP5094923A patent/JPH06285657A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002066776A (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-05 | Showa Denko Kk | Laser beam welding process |
| US6735266B1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2004-05-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Control rod for boiling water reactor and method for manufacturing the same |
| US6882696B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-04-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Control rod for boiling water reactor and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP2010167436A (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-08-05 | Tokyu Car Corp | Laser welding method |
| EP2651596A4 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2017-07-19 | Magna International Inc. | Laser beam welding |
| JP2017189485A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | 株式会社ビアーチェ | Welding method of accessory or jewel |
| JP2018202450A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Laser processing apparatus |
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