JPH06269495A - Air bubble detector - Google Patents

Air bubble detector

Info

Publication number
JPH06269495A
JPH06269495A JP5056865A JP5686593A JPH06269495A JP H06269495 A JPH06269495 A JP H06269495A JP 5056865 A JP5056865 A JP 5056865A JP 5686593 A JP5686593 A JP 5686593A JP H06269495 A JPH06269495 A JP H06269495A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
signal
circuit
timing
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP5056865A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tomoyuki Wada
朋之 和田
Akira Takao
彰 高尾
Takeshi Ito
健 伊藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Asahi Kasei Medical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Medical Co Ltd
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Medical Co Ltd, Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Medical Co Ltd
Priority to JP5056865A priority Critical patent/JPH06269495A/en
Publication of JPH06269495A publication Critical patent/JPH06269495A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To assure exact detection of air bubbles and the resilience of a cable. CONSTITUTION:This air bubble detector has an ultrasonic vibrator 2 used for transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals, a pulser 5 for intermittently transmitting impulsive ultrasonic waves by driving this ultrasonic vibrator 2, an amplifier circuit 7 for amplifying the signal received by the ultrasonic vibrator 2, a gate circuit 8 for allowing the passage of the output signal of this amplifier circuit 7 only at the time of gate signal input, a detecting circuit 9 for detecting the air bubble from the output signal of this gate circuit 8 and a timing circuit 4 for outputting the gate signal only for the specified time duration at the intermediate timing of the respective transmission timings of the impulsive ultrasonic waves.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は例えば人工透析装置にお
けるチューブ内を流れる血液中の気泡を検出する気泡検
出器に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bubble detector for detecting bubbles in blood flowing through a tube in an artificial dialysis machine.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】例えば透析器の返血路を構成するチュー
ブ内を流れる血液中に混入した気泡を検出する気泡検出
器として、前記チューブの外側に当該チューブをはさん
で対向するように1対の超音波振動子を接触させ、一方
の超音波振動子から一定レベルの連続超音波を発信し、
この発信された超音波を他方の超音波振動子がチューブ
内を流れる血液を介して受信し、血液中の気泡に超音波
が当たることによって前記受信信号のレベルが低下する
ので、このレベルの低下を検出することによって、気泡
を検出する気泡検出器が知られている。
2. Description of the Related Art For example, as a bubble detector for detecting bubbles mixed in blood flowing through a tube constituting a blood return path of a dialyzer, a pair of tubes are placed outside the tube so as to face each other with the tube sandwiched therebetween. The ultrasonic transducers are brought into contact with each other, and a continuous ultrasonic wave of a certain level is transmitted from one ultrasonic transducer,
The transmitted ultrasonic wave is received by the other ultrasonic transducer through the blood flowing in the tube, and the ultrasonic wave hits the bubbles in the blood to reduce the level of the received signal. A bubble detector that detects a bubble by detecting is known.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述の
ような気泡検出器においては、次のような問題がある。
すなわち、一方の超音波振動子が連続超音波を発信して
いるので、超音波の発信および受信が並行して連続的に
行われる。また、1対の超音波振動子には検出に使用さ
れる電気信号を流すための1対のケーブルが接続されて
おり、これらは互いに接近している。このため、一方の
超音波振動子にケーブルを介して発信用の超音波周波数
の電気信号を送り、同振動子を駆動すると、1対のケー
ブル同士のカップリングによって、発信用の信号が受信
側の(すなわち他方の超音波振動子に接続された)ケー
ブルに混入する。同様な混入が、発信および受信の電気
的処理を行う回路基板内でのカップリングによっても生
じる。他方の超音波振動子からの本来の受信信号のレベ
ルは非常に微弱であるので、この混入は無視できないレ
ベルとなる。
However, the bubble detector as described above has the following problems.
That is, since one ultrasonic transducer emits continuous ultrasonic waves, ultrasonic waves are continuously transmitted and received in parallel. In addition, a pair of cables for flowing an electric signal used for detection are connected to the pair of ultrasonic transducers, and these cables are close to each other. For this reason, when an electric signal of the ultrasonic frequency for transmission is sent to one ultrasonic transducer via a cable and the same transducer is driven, the signal for transmission is transmitted to the receiving side due to the coupling of a pair of cables. Of the cable (that is, connected to the other ultrasonic transducer). Similar contamination occurs due to coupling within the circuit board that provides the electrical processing of transmission and reception. Since the level of the original received signal from the other ultrasonic transducer is very weak, this mixing becomes a level that cannot be ignored.

【0004】したがって、受信信号を処理する回路にお
いては、気泡検出の有無にかかわらず、前記混入による
一定レベルの信号が重畳された受信信号を処理すること
になり、気泡によって本来は低下すべき受信信号のレベ
ルが十分には低下せず、検出感度が劣化してしまう。こ
のようなケーブル,回路基板を介しての超音波信号の混
入を防ぐためには、ケーブルにシールドを施すことも考
えられるが、これによって、ケーブル自体が太く、柔軟
性に欠けてしまうので、操作性等が悪化してしまう。ま
た、回路基板においても混入を防ぐようにするために
は、例えば大型化しなければならず、実用的でない。
Therefore, in the circuit for processing the reception signal, the reception signal on which the signal of a constant level due to the mixing is superimposed is processed regardless of the presence or absence of the detection of the air bubble, and the reception signal which should originally be lowered by the air bubble. The signal level does not decrease sufficiently and the detection sensitivity deteriorates. In order to prevent the ultrasonic signal from being mixed in via such a cable or circuit board, it is conceivable to shield the cable, but this makes the cable itself thick and lacks flexibility, so operability Etc. will get worse. Further, in order to prevent the mixture also in the circuit board, for example, the size must be increased, which is not practical.

【0005】そこで本発明の目的は以上のような問題を
解消した気泡検出器を提供することにある。
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a bubble detector which solves the above problems.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
本発明はチューブ内を流れる血液中の気泡を超音波の透
過性を利用して検出する気泡検出器において、前記超音
波の発信および受信に用いる少なくとも1つの超音波振
動子と、該超音波振動子を駆動してパルス状超音波を間
欠的に発信させるための駆動手段と、前記超音波振動子
が受信した信号を増幅する増幅器と、該増幅器の出力信
号から気泡を検出する検波回路と、前記パルス状超音波
の各発信タイミングの中間であって、当該パルス状超音
波の受信タイミングで一定時間幅だけ前記増幅器の出力
信号を前記検波回路に入力する制御手段とを具えたこと
を特徴とする。
To achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a bubble detector for detecting bubbles in blood flowing in a tube by utilizing the permeability of ultrasonic waves, and transmitting and receiving the ultrasonic waves. At least one ultrasonic transducer used for the above, a driving means for driving the ultrasonic transducer to intermittently emit pulsed ultrasonic waves, and an amplifier for amplifying a signal received by the ultrasonic transducer. A detection circuit for detecting bubbles from an output signal of the amplifier, and an output signal of the amplifier for a certain time interval at the reception timing of the pulsed ultrasonic wave, which is intermediate between each transmission timing of the pulsed ultrasonic wave And a control means for inputting to the detection circuit.

【0007】[0007]

【作用】本発明によれば、超音波の発信タイミングと受
信タイミングとが時間的にずれるので、両者の干渉をな
くして、超音波受信信号のみから気泡検出が行われる。
According to the present invention, since the ultrasonic wave transmission timing and the ultrasonic wave reception timing are deviated in time, interference between the two is eliminated, and bubble detection is performed only from the ultrasonic wave reception signal.

【0008】[0008]

【実施例】以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施例を詳細
に説明する。
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

【0009】図1は本発明の第1の実施例を示す。図2
は図1における各種信号のタイミングおよび波形を示
す。
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2
Shows timings and waveforms of various signals in FIG.

【0010】図1において、1は血液が流れるチュー
ブ、2は発信および受信に共用する超音波振動子、3は
超音波を反射する反射板であって、これらの超音波振動
子2および反射板3は、チューブ1をはさんで対向する
ようにチューブ1に接触させる。超音波振動子2の発信
および受信面および反射板3の反射面は平行にする。
In FIG. 1, 1 is a tube through which blood flows, 2 is an ultrasonic transducer used for both transmission and reception, and 3 is a reflection plate for reflecting ultrasonic waves. 3 makes the tube 1 contact with the tube 1 so as to be opposed to each other. The transmitting and receiving surfaces of the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate 3 are parallel to each other.

【0011】4はタイミング回路であって、後述のよう
な信号を間欠的(周期的)に出力する。5はパルサーで
あって、タイミング回路4からの例えば100μsec
程度の周期のタイミング信号の入力によって、例えば2
〜3MHz程度の周波数の1周期分のパルス信号をケー
ブル6を介して超音波振動子2に与え、これを駆動す
る。これに応答して超音波振動子2は2〜3MHzのパ
ルス状の超音波を一定周期で、間欠的に発信する。超音
波振動子2から発信された超音波は、チューブ1および
チューブ1内の血液中を伝搬し、反射板3に当って反射
し、再びチューブ1およびチューブ1内の血液中を伝搬
して超音波振動子2に受信される。これを受けた超音波
振動子2は、受信信号を出力し、これが発信時と共用の
ケーブル6を介してアンプ回路7に入力される。また、
図2に示すように、アンプ回路7には共用のケーブル6
を介して超音波発信時にパルサー5からの信号(駆動信
号)も入力される。アンプ回路7はこれらの入力信号を
増幅し、出力する。
Reference numeral 4 denotes a timing circuit which intermittently (periodically) outputs a signal as described later. Reference numeral 5 is a pulsar, for example 100 μsec from the timing circuit 4.
By inputting a timing signal with a period of about 2
A pulse signal for one cycle having a frequency of about 3 MHz is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 2 via the cable 6 to drive it. In response to this, the ultrasonic transducer 2 intermittently transmits a pulsed ultrasonic wave of 2 to 3 MHz at a constant cycle. The ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer 2 propagates in the tube 1 and the blood in the tube 1, is reflected by the reflection plate 3, and propagates in the tube 1 and the blood in the tube 1 again to generate an ultrasonic wave. It is received by the acoustic wave transducer 2. The ultrasonic transducer 2 receiving this outputs a reception signal, and this is input to the amplifier circuit 7 via the cable 6 which is also used at the time of transmission. Also,
As shown in FIG. 2, a common cable 6 is used for the amplifier circuit 7.
A signal (driving signal) from the pulsar 5 is also input at the time of ultrasonic wave transmission via. The amplifier circuit 7 amplifies these input signals and outputs them.

【0012】アンプ回路7からの出力信号は、ゲート回
路8に入力され、図2に示すように、タイミング回路4
からの、タイミング信号の出力タイミングから反射板3
から反射された超音波を超音波振動子2が受信するタイ
ミングに合わせて出力されるゲート信号の入力タイミン
グで同ゲート回路8が一定時間開くことによって、受信
信号のみがゲート回路8を通って検波回路9に入力さ
れ、ここで受信信号(パルス)のピークレベルの変化を
検波し、一定以上のレベル変化を検波したときに気泡検
出信号を出力する。
The output signal from the amplifier circuit 7 is input to the gate circuit 8 and, as shown in FIG.
From the output timing of the timing signal from the reflector 3
Only the received signal is detected through the gate circuit 8 by opening the gate circuit 8 for a certain time at the input timing of the gate signal output in synchronization with the timing when the ultrasonic transducer 2 receives the ultrasonic wave reflected from the ultrasonic transducer 2. The change in the peak level of the received signal (pulse) is input to the circuit 9, and the bubble detection signal is output when the change in level above a certain level is detected.

【0013】なお、超音波振動子2から発振され超音波
が、チューブ1およびチューブ1内の血液中を伝搬し、
反射板3に当って反射し、再び振動子2に最初に受信さ
れるまでの時間は、例えばチューブ1の径を4.5mm
φとすると、約6μsecである。したがって、例えば
ゲート信号の出力タイミングは、タイミング信号の出力
タイミングから6μsecずれたものとすればよい。一
方、超音波振動子2と反射板3との間では超音波発振か
ら最初の受信以後にも超音波の多重反射が生じ、この多
重反射による超音波は最初の受信から6μs毎に超音波
振動子2に受信されるが、そのレベルは順次低下するの
で、超音波振動子2の駆動信号の周期を100μsec
とすることによって、この多重反射による気泡検出への
影響は無視できる。
The ultrasonic waves oscillated from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 propagate through the tube 1 and the blood in the tube 1,
The time until it is reflected by the reflector 3 and is first received by the vibrator 2 is, for example, 4.5 mm for the diameter of the tube 1.
If φ, it is about 6 μsec. Therefore, for example, the output timing of the gate signal may be shifted from the output timing of the timing signal by 6 μsec. On the other hand, multiple reflection of ultrasonic waves occurs between the ultrasonic transducer 2 and the reflector 3 even after the first reception from the ultrasonic oscillation, and the ultrasonic waves due to the multiple reflection vibrate ultrasonic waves every 6 μs from the first reception. Although the signal is received by the child 2, its level gradually decreases, so the cycle of the drive signal of the ultrasonic transducer 2 is 100 μsec.
Therefore, the influence of this multiple reflection on the bubble detection can be ignored.

【0014】以上のように、超音波の発信を一定周期で
間欠的に行い、その受信タイミングを発信タイミングか
らずらすことによって、両者を完全に分離して、互いの
干渉をなくすことができる。したがって、チューブ1内
を通過した超音波に関する受信信号のみから気泡検出を
行うことができる。また、ケーブル6は信号を伝送でき
ればよいので、他の条件に何ら限定されず、柔軟性のあ
るものを使用できる。
As described above, by transmitting ultrasonic waves intermittently at a constant cycle and shifting the reception timing from the transmission timing, the two can be completely separated and the mutual interference can be eliminated. Therefore, bubble detection can be performed only from the received signal relating to the ultrasonic waves that have passed through the tube 1. Further, the cable 6 is only required to be able to transmit signals, and is not limited to other conditions, and a flexible one can be used.

【0015】図3は本発明の第2の実施例を示す。図4
は図3における各種信号のタイミングおよび波形を示
す。
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4
Shows timings and waveforms of various signals in FIG.

【0016】本実施例は、反射板を用いずに、発信およ
び受信に各々独立した超音波振動子2Aおよび2Bを使
用し、これら2つの振動子2Aおよび2Bを、チューブ
1をはさんで対向するようにチューブ1に接触させ、発
信用の超音波振動子2Aには専用のケーブル6Aを介し
てパルサー5からの信号を入力し、受信用の超音波振動
子2Bからは専用のケーブル6Bを介して受信信号をア
ンプ回路7に入力する。これ以外は第1の実施例と同一
である。ただし、超音波の反射波は使用しないので、上
述の例でいえば、タイミング信号からゲート信号までの
タイミングは約3μsecとなる。
This embodiment uses independent ultrasonic transducers 2A and 2B for transmission and reception without using a reflector, and these two transducers 2A and 2B are opposed to each other with the tube 1 in between. As described above, the tube 1 is brought into contact with the ultrasonic transducer 2A for transmission, a signal from the pulsar 5 is input to the ultrasonic transducer 2A for transmission, and a dedicated cable 6B is received from the ultrasonic transducer 2B for reception. The received signal is input to the amplifier circuit 7 via the. Other than this, it is the same as the first embodiment. However, since the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave is not used, the timing from the timing signal to the gate signal is about 3 μsec in the above example.

【0017】以上のような構成によっても、超音波の発
信タイミングと受信タイミングとを完全に分離すること
ができ、図4に示すように、受信側(アンプ回路7の入
力)において、ケーブル6A,6B、回路基板のカップ
リング等による発信タイミングでの混入信号があって
も、これが気泡検出に影響を与えることがない。また、
ケーブル6A,6B、回路基板等に制限を受けない。
Also with the above-mentioned configuration, the transmission timing and the reception timing of the ultrasonic waves can be completely separated, and as shown in FIG. 4, on the receiving side (input of the amplifier circuit 7), the cable 6A, 6B, even if there is a mixed signal at the transmission timing due to the coupling of the circuit board or the like, this does not affect the bubble detection. Also,
The cables 6A, 6B, the circuit board, etc. are not limited.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、極
めて正確な気泡検出が行え、しかも操作性に優れたもの
が得られる。
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an extremely accurate bubble detection and have excellent operability.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の第1の実施例のブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】図1における各種信号のタイミングおよび波形
を示す図である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing timings and waveforms of various signals in FIG.

【図3】本発明の第2の実施例のブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図4】図3における各種信号のタイミングおよび波形
を示す図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing timings and waveforms of various signals in FIG.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 チューブ 2 超音波振動子 3 反射板 4 タイミング回路 5 パルサー 6 ケーブル 7 アンプ回路 8 ゲート回路 9 検波回路 1 Tube 2 Ultrasonic Transducer 3 Reflector 4 Timing Circuit 5 Pulser 6 Cable 7 Amplifier Circuit 8 Gate Circuit 9 Detection Circuit

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 伊藤 健 岐阜県岐阜市上川手170番地の1 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Ken Ito 1 of 170 Kamikawate, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 チューブ内を流れる血液中の気泡を超音
波の透過性を利用して検出する気泡検出器において、 前記超音波の発信および受信に用いる少なくとも1つの
超音波振動子と、 該超音波振動子を駆動してパルス状超音波を間欠的に発
信させるための駆動手段と、 前記超音波振動子が受信した信号を増幅する増幅器と、 該増幅器の出力信号から気泡を検出する検波回路と、 前記パルス状超音波の各発信タイミングの中間であっ
て、当該パルス状超音波の受信タイミングで一定時間幅
だけ前記増幅器の出力信号を前記検波回路に入力する制
御手段とを具えたことを特徴とする気泡検出器。
1. A bubble detector for detecting bubbles in blood flowing in a tube by utilizing the permeability of ultrasonic waves, comprising: at least one ultrasonic transducer used for transmitting and receiving the ultrasonic waves; Driving means for driving the ultrasonic wave oscillator to intermittently emit pulsed ultrasonic waves, an amplifier for amplifying a signal received by the ultrasonic wave oscillator, and a detection circuit for detecting bubbles from an output signal of the amplifier And a control means for inputting the output signal of the amplifier to the detection circuit for a certain time width at the reception timing of the pulsed ultrasonic wave, which is in the middle of each transmission timing of the pulsed ultrasonic wave. Characteristic bubble detector.
JP5056865A 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Air bubble detector Pending JPH06269495A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5056865A JPH06269495A (en) 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Air bubble detector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5056865A JPH06269495A (en) 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Air bubble detector

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06269495A true JPH06269495A (en) 1994-09-27

Family

ID=13039322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP5056865A Pending JPH06269495A (en) 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Air bubble detector

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06269495A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007313342A (en) * 1996-11-22 2007-12-06 Liebel Flarsheim Co Medical fluid injector
CN105955322A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-09-21 江阴市第三印染机械制造有限公司 Air blowing type liquid level detection and control system and method, and application of evenness padding machine
JP2016214793A (en) * 2015-05-26 2016-12-22 本多電子株式会社 Liquid feed abnormality detection device and transfusion system with liquid feed abnormality detection function

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007313342A (en) * 1996-11-22 2007-12-06 Liebel Flarsheim Co Medical fluid injector
JP2016214793A (en) * 2015-05-26 2016-12-22 本多電子株式会社 Liquid feed abnormality detection device and transfusion system with liquid feed abnormality detection function
CN105955322A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-09-21 江阴市第三印染机械制造有限公司 Air blowing type liquid level detection and control system and method, and application of evenness padding machine

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4838127A (en) Ultrasonic flow meter
NO955164L (en) Method and apparatus for registering objects in the terrain, especially mines
JPH06269495A (en) Air bubble detector
JP2658361B2 (en) Ultrasonic distance measuring device
JPH08105871A (en) Acoustic electrical effect type ultrasonic transmitting/ receiving device and ultrasonic transmitting/receiving method
JPH10268035A (en) Ultrasonic sensor
JPS5498291A (en) Simple type sonic flaw detector
CA2151116A1 (en) Zig-Zag Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Scan
JP3535612B2 (en) Ultrasound transceiver
JPH04363998A (en) Ultrasonic wave sensor
US5974888A (en) Ultrasonic angle-beam probe and method for operating the angle-beam probe
JPS648313B2 (en)
JPS6361976A (en) Ultrasonic switch
JPH04233487A (en) Ultrasonic distance measuring apparatus
JPH01187485A (en) Ultrasonic distance measuring method
KR0119925B1 (en) Measuring apparatus and method for distance by using ultra-sonic
JPH01170885A (en) Sonar device
JPH04242189A (en) Ultrasonic detector
JP2758725B2 (en) Ultrasonic detector
JPS58122412A (en) Position detecting method of moving body in pipeline
SU573071A1 (en) Device for ultrasonic quality control of materials
JPH0926341A (en) Ultrasonic flowmeter
JPS59218973A (en) On-vehicle obstacle detector
JPH1073462A (en) Method for measuring flow velocity using ultrasonic wave
JP2508009Y2 (en) Ultrasonic detector