JPH06267554A - Solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cell - Google Patents
Solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06267554A JPH06267554A JP5053678A JP5367893A JPH06267554A JP H06267554 A JPH06267554 A JP H06267554A JP 5053678 A JP5053678 A JP 5053678A JP 5367893 A JP5367893 A JP 5367893A JP H06267554 A JPH06267554 A JP H06267554A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- electrode
- water
- fuel cell
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、固体高分子電解質燃
料電池の改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to improvements in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】固体高分子電解質燃料電池は、図２に示
す如く、電解質１に水素イオン導電性の高分子イオン交
換膜（例えば、スルホン酸基を持つフッ素樹脂イオン交
換膜）を用い、両側に触媒電極（例えば白金）２，３及
び多孔質カーボン電極４，５を備えた電極接合体６構造
をしている。燃料中の供給水素は、カーボン電極（アノ
ード極）４中を拡散して触媒電極（アノード極）２上で
水素イオン化され、水素イオンは電解質１中を水の介在
のもとＨ+ ・ｘＨ2 Ｏとして、カソード極へ向って移動
する。2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 2, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell uses a hydrogen ion conductive polymer ion-exchange membrane (for example, a fluororesin ion-exchange membrane having a sulfonic acid group) as an electrolyte 1 on both sides. In addition, the structure of the electrode assembly 6 includes the catalyst electrodes (for example, platinum) 2 and 3 and the porous carbon electrodes 4 and 5. The supplied hydrogen in the fuel diffuses in the carbon electrode (anode electrode) 4 and is hydrogen-ionized on the catalyst electrode (anode electrode) 2, and the hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte 1 in the presence of water to form H +. · XH As 2 O, moves toward the cathode.
【０００３】触媒電極（カソード極）３上でカーボン電
極（カソード極）５中を拡散してきた酸化剤中の供給酸
素及び外部回路７を流通してきた電子と反応して水が生
成される。その生成水は、水素イオンと共に電解質１を
移動してきた水と共に蒸気となってカーボン電極（カソ
ード極）５中を拡散して残存酸化剤とともに燃料電池外
へ排水される。なお、この時、外部回路７を流通してき
た電子の流れが直流の電気エネルギーとして利用でき
る。以下に、上記固体高分子電解質燃料電池における反
応式を示す。 アノード側：Ｈ2 →２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ- カソード側：（１／２）Ｏ2 ＋２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ- →Ｈ2 Ｏ 全反応：Ｈ2 ＋（１／２）Ｏ2 →Ｈ2 ＯA carbon electrode is placed on the catalyst electrode (cathode electrode) 3.
Supply acid in the oxidant that has diffused in the electrode (cathode 5)
Water reacts with the electrons flowing through the element and the external circuit 7 to produce water.
Is made. The produced water, together with hydrogen ions, is electrolyte 1
Along with the moving water, it becomes vapor and becomes a carbon electrode (Caso
Out of the fuel cell along with residual oxidizer by diffusing in 5)
Drained to. At this time, the external circuit 7 is distributed.
Flow of electrons can be used as DC electrical energy
It Below, the reaction in the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
The response formula is shown. Anode side: H2→ 2H+ + 2e- Cathode side: (1/2) O2+ 2H+ + 2e- → H2O Total reaction: H2+ (1/2) O2→ H2O
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
固体高分子電解質燃料電池によれば、発電に伴って発生
する生成水，及び水素イオンと共にアノード極よりカソ
ード極へ移動する移動水が、水蒸気分圧の上昇により残
存酸化剤中に効率よく蒸気となって排出されにくい。そ
のため、多孔質カーボン電極中のガス拡散が悪くなり、
電池の起電力低下を招いていた。However, according to the conventional solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the generated water generated by power generation and the moving water that moves from the anode electrode to the cathode electrode along with hydrogen ions are vaporized. Due to the increase in pressure, it is difficult to be efficiently discharged as vapor in the residual oxidant. Therefore, gas diffusion in the porous carbon electrode becomes worse,
This caused a decrease in the electromotive force of the battery.
【０００５】この発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、電解質を互いに向い合う水素イオン導電性を有する
第１電解質材と水酸イオン導電性を有する第２電解質材
から構成し、第１・第２両電解質材の界面に発電に伴な
って生成される水，水素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に前
記電解質材を移動してくる水を排出する細孔を設けるこ
とにより、水酸イオン及び水素イオンより生成される水
及び水素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に電解質中を移動し
てくる水を蒸気又は液体のまま排出し、電池の起電力低
下を回避しえる固体高分子電解質燃料電池を提供するこ
とを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and comprises an electrolyte composed of a first electrolyte material having hydrogen ion conductivity and a second electrolyte material having hydroxide ion conductivity which face each other. Hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions are provided by providing pores at the interface between the second and second electrolyte materials, which discharge water generated along with power generation, hydrogen ions, or hydroxide ions that move through the electrolyte materials. It is possible to provide a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of avoiding a decrease in electromotive force of a cell by discharging water generated in the electrolyte and water moving in an electrolyte together with hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion, which is generated as a vapor or a liquid. To aim.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、電解質の両
面側にアノード極、カソード極を夫々配置した電極接合
体と、前記電極接合体のアノード極側に設けられ、前記
アノード極に燃料を供給する燃料通路を有した第１ガス
セパレータと、前記電極接合体のカソード極側に設けら
れ、前記カソード極に酸化剤を供給する酸化剤通路を有
した第２ガスセパレータとを具備する固体高分子電解質
燃料電池において、The present invention is directed to an electrode assembly in which an anode electrode and a cathode electrode are arranged on both surface sides of an electrolyte, and an anode electrode of the electrode assembly is provided with a fuel. A solid height comprising a first gas separator having a fuel passage for supplying and a second gas separator provided on the cathode side of the electrode assembly and having an oxidant passage for supplying an oxidant to the cathode. In the molecular electrolyte fuel cell,
【０００７】前記電解質は互いに向い合う水素イオン導
電性を有する第１電解質材と水酸イオン導電性を有する
第２電解質材からなり、両電解質材の界面に発電に伴な
って生成される水，水素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に前
記電解質材を移動してくる水を排出する細孔を設けたこ
とを特徴とする固体高分子電解質燃料電池である。The electrolyte is composed of a first electrolyte material having hydrogen ion conductivity and a second electrolyte material having hydroxide ion conductivity facing each other, and water generated by power generation at the interface between both electrolyte materials. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is provided with pores for discharging water moving through the electrolyte material together with hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】この発明においては、電解質に水酸イオン導電
性を持つ部分及び水素イオン導電性を持つ部分とを持た
せることで、その界面に生成される水及び水素イオン又
は水酸イオンと共に移動してくる水は、残存酸化剤中の
水蒸気分圧に関係なく排水できるようになるため、電池
外への水の排出効率がよい。また、カソード極側にその
生成水や移動水が集まらないので、多孔質カーボン電極
中での酸化剤のガス拡散性が向上する。In the present invention, the electrolyte has a portion having a hydroxide ion conductivity and a portion having a hydrogen ion conductivity, so that the electrolyte moves together with water and hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions generated at the interface. The incoming water can be drained regardless of the partial pressure of water vapor in the residual oxidant, so the efficiency of draining the water out of the battery is good. In addition, since the generated water and the moving water do not collect on the cathode side, the gas diffusibility of the oxidant in the porous carbon electrode is improved.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例を図１（Ａ），
（Ｂ）を参照して説明する。ここで、図１（Ａ）はこの
実施例に係る固体高分子電解質燃料電池の平面図、図１
（Ｂ）は同燃料電池の側面図を示す。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described with reference to (B). Here, FIG. 1 (A) is a plan view of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to this embodiment, and FIG.
(B) shows a side view of the fuel cell.
【００１０】図中の符号20は、電解質21の両面側に白金
からなる第１触媒電極（アノード極）22，白金からなる
第２触媒電極（カソード極）23を配置し、更にそれらの
外側に多孔質からなる第１カーボン電極（アノード極）
24，多孔質からなる第２カーボン電極（カソード極）25
を備えた電極接合体である。この電極接合体20のアノー
ド側には燃料を通過させる燃料通路26ａを有した第１ガ
スセパレータ26が配置され、カソード側には酸化剤を通
過させる燃料通路27ａを有した第２ガスセパレータ27が
配置されている。In the figure, reference numeral 20 indicates that a first catalyst electrode (anode electrode) 22 made of platinum and a second catalyst electrode (cathode electrode) 23 made of platinum are arranged on both surface sides of an electrolyte 21, and further outside of them. Porous first carbon electrode (anode electrode)
24, porous second carbon electrode (cathode electrode) 25
It is an electrode assembly provided with. A first gas separator 26 having a fuel passage 26a for passing a fuel is arranged on the anode side of the electrode assembly 20, and a second gas separator 27 having a fuel passage 27a for allowing an oxidant to pass on the cathode side. It is arranged.
【００１１】前記電解質21は、互いに向き合う水素イオ
ン導電性を有する第１電解質28と水酸イオン導電性を有
する第２電解質材29から構成されている。前記第１・第
２電解質材28，29の界面には、発電に伴なって生成され
る水，水素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に前記電解質材2
8，29を移動してくる水を排出する細孔（又はウィッ
ク）30が設けられている。こうした構成の固体高分子電
解質燃料電池において、アノード極，カソード極では次
の反応が起こる。 アノード極：Ｈ2 →２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ- カソード極：Ｏ2 ＋２Ｈ2 Ｏ＋４ｅ- →４ＯＨ- The electrolyte 21 is a hydrogen ion facing each other.
Conductive first electrolyte 28 and hydroxide ion conductive
The second electrolyte material 29 is used. The first and the first
2 At the interface between the electrolyte materials 28 and 29, it is generated during power generation.
Water, hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions together with the electrolyte material 2
Pores (or wit
Ku) 30 is provided. Solid polymer electrolyte with such a configuration
In the degrading fuel cell, the anode and cathode electrodes are
Reaction occurs. Anode: H2→ 2H+ + 2e- Cathode electrode: O2+ 2H2O + 4e- → 4OH-
【００１２】上記実施例に係る固体高分子電解質燃料電
池は、互いに向い合う水素イオン導電性を有する第１電
解質材28と水酸イオン導電性を有する第２電解質材29か
ら電解質21が構成され、かる第１・第２両電解質材28，
29の界面に発電に伴なって生成される水，水素イオン又
は水酸イオンと共に前記電解質材28，29を移動してくる
水を排出する細孔30を設けた構成になっている。従っ
て、発電に伴なって生成される水，水素イオン又は水酸
イオンと共に前記電解質材28，29を移動してくる水を、
第１カーボン電極24，第２カーボン電極25を通さず細孔
30により燃料電池外へ排出でき、酸化剤中の水蒸気分圧
の影響を受けずこれら水を排出できるとともに、前記カ
ーボン電極24，25中の酸化剤のガス拡散性を向上でき
る。In the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the above embodiment, the electrolyte 21 is composed of the first electrolyte material 28 having hydrogen ion conductivity and the second electrolyte material 29 having hydroxide ion conductivity which face each other. Karl first and second electrolyte materials 28,
The interface of 29 has a structure in which pores 30 for discharging water moving through the electrolyte materials 28 and 29 together with water, hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions generated by power generation are provided. Therefore, the water generated along with the power generation, the water that moves through the electrolyte material 28, 29 together with hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions,
Pores without passing through the first carbon electrode 24 and the second carbon electrode 25
The gas can be discharged to the outside of the fuel cell by 30 and the water can be discharged without being affected by the partial pressure of water vapor in the oxidant, and the gas diffusibility of the oxidant in the carbon electrodes 24 and 25 can be improved.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】以上詳述した如くこの発明によれば、電
解質を互いに向い合う水素イオン導電性を有する第１電
解質材と水酸イオン導電性を有する第２電解質材から構
成し、第１・第２両電解質材の界面に発電に伴なって生
成される水，水素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に前記電解
質材を移動してくる水を排出する細孔を設けることによ
り、水酸イオン及び水素イオンより生成される水及び水
素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に電解質材中を移動してく
る水を蒸気又は液体のまま排出し、電池の起電力低下を
回避しえる固体高分子電解質燃料電池を提供できる。As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the electrolyte is composed of the first electrolyte material having hydrogen ion conductivity and the second electrolyte material having hydroxide ion conductivity facing each other. Hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions are provided by providing pores at the interface between the second and second electrolyte materials for discharging water generated along with power generation, hydrogen ions, or water ions moving through the electrolyte materials. It is possible to provide a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of avoiding a decrease in electromotive force of the cell by discharging the water and the water generated in the electrolyte material together with the generated water and hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion as a vapor or a liquid as it is.
【図１】この発明の一実施例に係る固体高分子電解質燃
料電池の説明図であり、図１（Ａ）は同電池の平面図、
図１（Ｂ）は同電池の側面図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (A) is a plan view of the same,
FIG. 1B is a side view of the battery.
【図２】固体高分子電解質燃料電池の機能を説明するた
めの図。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the function of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
20…電極接合体、 21…電解質、 22…
第１触媒電極、23…第２触媒電極、 24…第１カー
ボン電極、25…第２カーボン電極、26…第１ガスセパレ
ータ、26ａ…燃料通路、 27…第２ガスセパレー
タ、27ａ…酸化剤通路、 28…第１電解質材、
29…第２電解質材、30…細孔。20 ... Electrode assembly, 21 ... Electrolyte, 22 ...
First catalyst electrode, 23 ... Second catalyst electrode, 24 ... First carbon electrode, 25 ... Second carbon electrode, 26 ... First gas separator, 26a ... Fuel passage, 27 ... Second gas separator, 27a ... Oxidant passage , 28 ... First electrolyte material,
29 ... Second electrolyte material, 30 ... pores.
Claims (1)
極を夫々配置した電極接合体と、前記電極接合体のアノ
ード極側に設けられ、前記アノード極に燃料を供給する
燃料通路を有した第１ガスセパレータと、前記電極接合
体のカソード極側に設けられ、前記カソード極に酸化剤
を供給する酸化剤通路を有した第２ガスセパレータとを
具備する固体高分子電解質燃料電池において、 前記電解質は互いに向い合う水素イオン導電性を有する
第１電解質材と水酸イオン導電性を有する第２電解質材
からなり、両電解質材の界面に発電に伴なって生成され
る水，水素イオン又は水酸イオンと共に前記電解質材を
移動してくる水を排出する細孔を設けたことを特徴とす
る固体高分子電解質燃料電池。1. An electrode assembly in which an anode electrode and a cathode electrode are arranged on both sides of an electrolyte, and a fuel passage which is provided on the anode electrode side of the electrode assembly and which supplies fuel to the anode electrode. 1. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising: 1 gas separator; and a second gas separator provided on the cathode side of the electrode assembly and having an oxidant passage for supplying an oxidant to the cathode electrode, wherein the electrolyte Is composed of a first electrolyte material having a hydrogen ion conductivity and a second electrolyte material having a hydroxide ion conductivity facing each other, and water, hydrogen ions or hydroxide generated at the interface between the two electrolyte materials during power generation. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, characterized in that it is provided with pores for discharging water that moves in the electrolyte material together with ions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5053678A JPH06267554A (en) | 1993-03-15 | 1993-03-15 | Solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5053678A JPH06267554A (en) | 1993-03-15 | 1993-03-15 | Solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06267554A true JPH06267554A (en) | 1994-09-22 |
Family
ID=12949485
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5053678A Withdrawn JPH06267554A (en) | 1993-03-15 | 1993-03-15 | Solid high polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06267554A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6767663B2 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2004-07-27 | Inventqjaya Sdn. Bhd. | Oxygen separation through hydroxide-conductive membrane |
-
1993
- 1993-03-15 JP JP5053678A patent/JPH06267554A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6767663B2 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2004-07-27 | Inventqjaya Sdn. Bhd. | Oxygen separation through hydroxide-conductive membrane |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20000530 |