JPH0626144Y2 - Seedling protection coating - Google Patents

Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本考案は寒冷期における作物栽培用の幼苗保護用被覆材
に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to a seedling protection covering material for crop cultivation in the cold season.

（従来の技術とその課題） 従来の寒冷期における作物栽培の基本形態は第５図の断
面図に示すように、畑地１に形成せしめた畦1′をマル
チフィルム２で被覆し、このマルチフィルム２の孔2′
に播種若しくは幼苗３を移植し、地温及び保水力を保持
しつつ栽培している。(Prior art and its problems) The basic form of conventional crop cultivation in the cold season is as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, in which a ridge 1'formed on a field 1 is covered with a mulch film 2 and this mulch film is used. Two holes 2 '
Seedlings or seedlings 3 are transplanted to and cultivated while maintaining soil temperature and water retention capacity.

また、上述の場合に夜間の保温や育成の促進のために、
第６図の断面図に示すようにマルチ栽培の畦1′をカバ
ーするようにビニールフィルム等の透光性があり、かつ
通気性が無いか若しくは極めて小さいフィルム４でトン
ネル状に被覆することが行われている。In addition, in the case of the above, in order to keep warm at night and promote growth,
As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 6, it may be covered in a tunnel shape with a film 4 having a light-transmitting property such as a vinyl film and having no air permeability or a very small size so as to cover the ridge 1'of mulch cultivation. Has been done.

さらに、幼苗期の一定期間だけ保温防寒を強化して生長
を促進させるために、第７図の断面図に示すように、幼
苗部分だけ透光性と通気性のある保護シート５で幼苗３
をベタ掛け状に被覆していた。この場合、保護シート５
が幼苗３に接触することは茎葉との接触面に結露して水
ぬれ状態が出るため、しばしば冷霜害が発生して生育障
害の因となることがある。この障害を除去するためには
細い割竹等で幼苗３をカバーするような枠６を設けて保
護シート５と幼苗３とが接触しないように離隔する必要
がある。Furthermore, in order to strengthen the heat insulation and cold protection for a certain period of the seedling stage and promote the growth, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
Was coated in a solid form. In this case, the protective sheet 5
The contact of the seedlings with the seedlings 3 causes dew condensation on the surface of contact with the foliage, resulting in a water-wet condition, which often causes cold frost damage and causes growth failure. In order to remove this obstacle, it is necessary to provide a frame 6 that covers the seedlings 3 with a thin split bamboo or the like and separate the protective sheet 5 and the seedlings 3 so that they do not come into contact with each other.

しかし、このような方法では割竹等の副資材が必要であ
るばかりでなく、幼苗３の１本ずつに枠６を設けなけれ
ばならず、作業に大きな手間が必要である。However, in such a method, not only auxiliary materials such as split bamboo are required, but also the frame 6 must be provided for each of the seedlings 3, which requires a great deal of work.

本考案は上述の手間を省略して、コストアップを防止し
た寒冷期栽培用の資材を提供することを課題とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a material for cold season cultivation in which the cost is prevented and the above-mentioned trouble is omitted.

（課題を達成するための手段） 本考案は上述の課題を達成するために、寒冷期の作物の
被覆栽培の場合に使用する幼苗保護用被覆材11（以下被
覆材という）において、形状記憶特性を保持し、透光性
及び通気性を持ったプラスチックの不織布のシートに、
複数の列を成し、かつ各列には一定間隔で同一方向に突
出せしめた突出体を設けたものである。(Means for Achieving the Object) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention has a shape-memory property in a seedling protection covering material 11 (hereinafter referred to as a covering material) used for covering cultivation of a crop in the cold season. To a sheet of plastic non-woven fabric that retains
A plurality of rows are formed, and each row is provided with a protruding body that is protruded in the same direction at regular intervals.

なお、前記突出体が円柱形、円錐台形若しくは半球形で
ある単一突出体12のもの、上面が長方形の角柱形若しく
は角錐台形の長形突出体13のもの及び各列毎に連続した
突堤状突出体14で、全体として波形であるものがある。It should be noted that the projecting body is a single projecting body 12 having a cylindrical shape, a truncated cone shape, or a hemispherical shape, a long projecting body 13 having a rectangular prismatic shape or a truncated pyramid shape having an upper surface, and a jetty shape continuous for each row. Some of the protrusions 14 are generally corrugated.

（作用） 上述のように、被覆材11には形状記憶特性があるので、
ロール状に巻かれていた被覆材11を畦1′に展張すれ
ば、被覆材11自身の形状記憶特性により、製作時の形状
に復帰し、幼苗３を枠６でカバーする必要がなく、かつ
作物体との接触を避けて一定の空間を作り、保温保護効
果を高めることに役立つ。(Operation) As described above, since the covering material 11 has the shape memory characteristic,
If the covering material 11 wound in a roll shape is spread on the ridges 1 ', the shape of the covering material 11 is restored to the shape at the time of manufacture due to the shape-memory characteristics of the covering material 11, and it is not necessary to cover the seedlings 3 with the frame 6. It helps avoid heat contact with the crops and creates a certain space to enhance the heat insulation protection effect.

（実施例） 第１図は本考案の被覆材の一実施例で、（イ）は平面
図、（ロ）は斜視図である。被覆材11には複数の列（図
では縦方向）の各列に一定間隔で複数の単一突出体12を
同一方向に設けたものである。この単一突出体12は円柱
形若しくは円錐台形のもので、例えば直径が10〜15cm
で、高さが５〜10cm程度のもの、若しくは直径が10〜15
cmの半球状のものである。この被覆材11は形状記憶特性
を持ち、透光性と通気性を持った不織布に加熱加工して
成形したもので、その通気性は200〜2000ml/cm₂sec程度
のものが好ましい。(Embodiment) FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a covering material of the present invention, (a) is a plan view and (b) is a perspective view. The covering material 11 is provided with a plurality of single protrusions 12 in the same direction at regular intervals in each of a plurality of rows (vertical direction in the drawing). The single protrusion 12 has a cylindrical shape or a truncated cone shape, and has a diameter of 10 to 15 cm.
With a height of 5-10 cm or a diameter of 10-15
It has a hemispherical shape of cm. The covering material 11 has a shape memory property and is formed by heat-processing a non-woven fabric having a light-transmitting property and a gas permeability, and the gas permeability thereof is preferably about 200 to 2000 ml / cm ₂ sec.

この場合の単一突出体12は幼苗１本毎に１個ずつ使用す
るものである。In this case, one single protrusion 12 is used for each seedling.

第２図は他の実施例で、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は斜視
図である。被覆材11には複数の列（図では縦方向）の各
列に一定間隔で複数の長形突出体13を同一方向に設けた
ものである。この長形突出体13は上面が長方形の角柱若
しくは角錐台で、その幅は10〜15cm、長さは30〜50cm、
高さは10cm程度のものである。FIG. 2 is another embodiment, (a) is a plan view and (b) is a perspective view. The covering material 11 is provided with a plurality of elongated projections 13 in the same direction in each row of a plurality of rows (vertical direction in the figure) at regular intervals. The elongated protrusion 13 is a prism or a truncated pyramid with a rectangular upper surface, the width is 10 to 15 cm, the length is 30 to 50 cm,
The height is about 10 cm.

その他、素材関係は上記実施例と同じであるので、説明
は省略する。Other than that, the material relation is the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment, so that the explanation will be omitted.

第３図はさらに他の実施例の斜視図で、各列ごとに連続
した突堤状突出体14を設けて全体が波形のものである。
この波形の大きさは波幅（波長に相当）は上記各実施例
の列の間隔と同程度で、高さ（波高に相当）は10cm程度
のものである。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of still another embodiment, in which a continuous jetty-shaped projecting body 14 is provided for each row and the whole is corrugated.
The size of this waveform is such that the wave width (corresponding to the wavelength) is about the same as the row spacing in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the height (corresponding to the wave height) is about 10 cm.

その他、素材関係は上記各実施例と同じであるので、説
明は省略する。Other than that, the material relations are the same as those in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore the description thereof is omitted.

次に本考案の被覆材11の動作について説明する。被覆材
11は上述のように、形状記憶特性を持った素材を加熱加
工して形成されているが、形成後は単一若しくは長形突
出体12、13を潰した状態で巻取られている。Next, the operation of the covering material 11 of the present invention will be described. Coating material
As described above, 11 is formed by heating a material having a shape memory characteristic, but after formation, it is wound in a state in which the single or elongated protrusions 12 and 13 are crushed.

この被覆材11を展開して第４図に示すように被覆材11の
突出体と同一の一定間隔で播種若しくは移植した幼苗３
が単一突出体12若しくは長形突出体13の内部に納まるよ
うにマルチフィルム２の上に被せる。Seedlings 3 in which the covering material 11 is developed and seeded or transplanted at the same fixed intervals as the protruding body of the covering material 11 as shown in FIG.
Is placed on the mulch film 2 so that it fits inside the single protrusion 12 or the elongated protrusion 13.

この場合、突出体部分は形状記憶特性のため、被覆材11
を展開すると第１〜３図に示したような形状になるの
で、幼苗３に接触することなく敷き詰めることが出来
る。In this case, since the protruding portion has a shape memory characteristic, the covering material 11
When developed, the shape shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is obtained, so that the seedlings 3 can be spread without coming into contact with them.

また、この被覆材11は透光性があるので、幼苗の生育を
抑制することはなく、また通気性があるので、空気は狭
い突出体内の空間のみに停滞して高温障害の因となるこ
とがなく、かつ多重被覆効果により防寒効果を増大す
る。In addition, since this covering material 11 has a light-transmitting property, it does not inhibit the growth of seedlings, and it has air permeability, so that the air stagnates only in the space within the narrow projecting body and causes high temperature damage. There is no effect, and the cold-preventing effect is increased by the multiple coating effect.

この被覆材11は幼苗３が生育して被覆材11の突出体に接
触する程度に生長した時に取り外すものである。The covering material 11 is to be removed when the seedlings 3 have grown and grown to the extent that they contact the protrusions of the covering material 11.

（考案の効果） 上述のように、フィルム４のトンネル内でも幼苗時に特
に低温や寒風に対しての保護が必要であるが、このため
に被覆材11を敷くだけで、幼苗一本ずつの枠６の設置が
必要なく、従来のベタ掛け材に見られた作物との接触面
に発生した凍霜害問題の消去に役立つと共に、ベタ掛け
効果の増大にも役立ち、手間の大幅な省略が可能であ
る。(Effect of the Invention) As described above, even in the tunnel of the film 4, it is necessary to protect the seedlings against low temperatures and cold winds. No need to install 6 to help eliminate the problem of frost and frost damage on the contact surface with crops found in conventional solid coverings, as well as to increase the effect of solid covering, and it is possible to save time and effort. is there.

なお、被覆材11は強固なシートでなく、特に突出体部分
は加熱加工により生地の状態から引き伸ばされて薄くな
っているので、風によるふらつきが生ずるが、実際の使
用状態ではビニール等のフィルム４のトンネル内で使用
するので、風に対する考慮は必要でない。The covering material 11 is not a strong sheet, and in particular, the protruding portion is thinned by being stretched from the state of the cloth by heat processing, so that the fluctuation due to the wind occurs, but in the actual use state, the film 4 made of vinyl or the like is used. Because it is used in the tunnel, no consideration for wind is required.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第１図は本考案の被覆材の一実施例で、（イ）は平面
図、（ロ）は斜視図、第２図は他の実施例で（イ）は平
面図、（ロ）は斜視図、第３図はさらに他の実施例の斜
視図、第４図は使用状態の断面図、第５図はマルチフィ
ルムのみを使用した状態の断面図、第６図は第５図の状
態にトンネル状のフィルムを使用した状態の断面図、第
７図はトンネル内に従来の保護シートを使用した状態の
断面図である。 11…幼苗保護用被覆材、12…単一突出体、13…長形突出
体、14…突堤状突出体。FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the covering material of the present invention, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a perspective view, FIG. 2 is another embodiment (a) is a plan view, (b) is a perspective view FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of still another embodiment, FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a state of use, FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a state in which only mulch film is used, and FIG. 6 is a state of FIG. FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a state where a tunnel-shaped film is used, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a state where a conventional protective sheet is used in the tunnel. 11 ... Seedling protection covering material, 12 ... Single protrusion, 13 ... Long protrusion, 14 ... Jetty protrusion.

Claims (4)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】[Scope of utility model registration request] 【請求項１】寒冷期の作物の被覆栽培の場合に使用する
幼苗保護用被覆材において、形状記憶特性を保持し、透
光性及び通気性を持ったプラスチック不織布に、複数の
列を成し、かつ各列には一定間隔で同一方向に突出せし
めた突出体を設けたことを特徴とする幼苗保護用被覆
材。1. A seedling-protecting covering material used for covering cultivation of crops in the cold season, in which a plurality of rows are formed on a plastic non-woven fabric which retains shape memory characteristics and is transparent and breathable. The seedling protection covering material is characterized in that each row is provided with protrusions protruding at regular intervals in the same direction. 【請求項２】前記突出体が円柱形、円錐台形若しくは半
球形の単一突出体である第１項記載の幼苗保護用被覆
材。2. The seedling protecting covering material according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is a single columnar, frustoconical or hemispherical single protrusion. 【請求項３】前記突出体が上面が長方形の角柱形若しく
は角錐台形の長形突出体である第１項記載の幼苗保護用
被覆材。3. The seedling protecting covering material according to claim 1, wherein the projection is a long projection having a rectangular prismatic shape or a truncated pyramid shape with a rectangular upper surface. 【請求項４】前記突出体が各列毎に連続した突堤状突出
体で、全体として波形である第１項記載の幼苗保護用被
覆材。4. The seedling protecting covering material according to claim 1, wherein the projecting body is a jetty-like projecting body continuous in each row, and is corrugated as a whole.