JPH06260187A - Matrix of fuel cell with phosphoric acid - Google Patents
Matrix of fuel cell with phosphoric acidInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06260187A JPH06260187A JP5040322A JP4032293A JPH06260187A JP H06260187 A JPH06260187 A JP H06260187A JP 5040322 A JP5040322 A JP 5040322A JP 4032293 A JP4032293 A JP 4032293A JP H06260187 A JPH06260187 A JP H06260187A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- boron nitride
- particle size
- fuel cell
- phosphoric acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は燐酸形燃料電池の電解質
を保持するマトリックスに関する。FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a matrix for holding an electrolyte of a phosphoric acid fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に燐酸形燃料電池は、基板と触媒層
からなる二つのガス拡散電極（燃料ガス電極と空気電
極）の間にマトリックスを挟持し、マトリックスから供
給される電解質と、電極外部から拡散する燃料ガスと酸
化剤ガスとが触媒近傍で電気化学的に反応して、電気エ
ネルギーを得るものであり、マトリックスは、多孔質の
電気絶縁性を持つ薄いシート状に形成され、このマトリ
ックス内の空孔部を完全に満たすように電解質の燐酸が
保持されている。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a matrix is sandwiched between two gas diffusion electrodes (fuel gas electrode and air electrode) consisting of a substrate and a catalyst layer, and an electrolyte supplied from the matrix and the outside of the electrodes are used. The diffusing fuel gas and oxidant gas electrochemically react in the vicinity of the catalyst to obtain electric energy, and the matrix is formed into a thin sheet having a porous electric insulation property. The electrolyte phosphoric acid is retained so as to completely fill the pores of the electrolyte.
【０００３】マトリックスは、上記の電気化学的反応に
必要な電解質を保持して、ガス拡散電極への電解質の供
給を行なう役目のほかに、燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとが直
接混合することのないように、これら反応ガスを互いに
分離しておくという重要な役割も果たしている。マトリ
ックスが燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスを分離する機能は、燃料
電池の高い効率を維持する上で、また燃料電池の安全運
転を保証する上でも極めて重要である。The matrix holds the electrolyte necessary for the above-mentioned electrochemical reaction and supplies the electrolyte to the gas diffusion electrode, and the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are not directly mixed with each other. Thus, it also plays an important role of keeping these reaction gases separated from each other. The function of the matrix to separate the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is extremely important for maintaining the high efficiency of the fuel cell and for ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell.
【０００４】このようにマトリックスが、電解質を保持
することと、反応ガスを分離することの二つの役割を十
分に果たすためには、以下の性能を具備していなければ
ならない。 （１） 耐熱性 （２） 耐電解質腐食性 （３） 電気絶縁性 （４） 電解質保持性 （５） 低い内部抵抗 （６） 高い機械的強度As described above, in order for the matrix to fulfill the dual roles of retaining the electrolyte and separating the reaction gas, it must have the following performances. (1) Heat resistance (2) Electrolytic corrosion resistance (3) Electrical insulation (4) Electrolyte retention (5) Low internal resistance (6) High mechanical strength
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、マトリ
ックスに以上の必要性能を付与するためには、次のよう
な問題がある。例えば、耐熱性，耐電解質腐食性，およ
び電気絶縁性に優れた窒化ほう素を用いてマトリックス
を形成するとき、さらに毛管吸引圧を増加して電解質保
持性を高めるために、窒化ほう素の粒子間の細孔径をよ
り小さくする必要がある。この場合、窒化ほう素の粒子
が小さい程、その細孔径を小さくすることができるの
で、０．１〜１．０μｍの微細な径を持つ窒化ほう素を
用いて、内部抵抗を低くするため、マトリックスの厚さ
を１００μｍ以下にすることも試行された。しかし、そ
の結果は窒化ほう素の粒子が小さいために、マトリック
スの作製時にひび割れが発生し、機械的強度が極めて低
下するという問題を生ずる。その原因は、窒化ほう素の
バインダーとして用いるポリテトラフロロエチレン（以
下、ＰＴＦＥとする）の添加量が多すぎると、マトリッ
クスの撥水性が増して、電解質の保持力が低下するの
で、ＰＴＦＥの添加量を抑えなければならないことにあ
る。However, in order to give the above-mentioned required performance to the matrix, there are the following problems. For example, when forming a matrix using boron nitride, which has excellent heat resistance, electrolytic corrosion resistance, and electrical insulation, particles of boron nitride are added in order to further increase capillary suction pressure and electrolyte retention. It is necessary to make the pore size between them smaller. In this case, the smaller the particle size of boron nitride, the smaller the pore size. Therefore, boron nitride having a fine diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 μm is used to lower the internal resistance. Attempts have also been made to make the matrix thickness below 100 μm. However, as a result, since the particles of boron nitride are small, cracks occur during the production of the matrix, resulting in a problem of extremely low mechanical strength. The reason for this is that if the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as PTFE) used as a binder for boron nitride is too large, the water repellency of the matrix increases and the electrolyte retention decreases, so addition of PTFE There is a need to control the amount.
【０００６】図２は、その様子を示すマトリックスの部
分模式断面図であり、図２において、鱗片状の窒化ほう
素１は０．１〜１．０μｍ径の微粒子であり、細か過ぎ
るために、バインダーのＰＴＦＥ２が不足し、窒化ほう
素１の粒子が強固に結着されず、機械的強度を高めるこ
とができない。また、０．１〜１．０μｍ径の窒化ほう
素１は、通常鱗片状の微粒子であるから、図２に示す如
く、マトリックス形成の際、上下方向（厚さ方向）に重
なって層状に積層されてしまうので、電解質の燐酸を保
持するための空孔が連通する構造とはなり難く、電解質
を保持する部分の迷宮度が増加することにより、マトリ
ックスの内部抵抗を増大させる原因となる。FIG. 2 is a partial schematic sectional view of the matrix showing this state. In FIG. 2, the scale-like boron nitride 1 is a fine particle having a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 μm and is too fine. The binder PTFE2 is insufficient, the particles of boron nitride 1 are not firmly bound, and the mechanical strength cannot be increased. In addition, since boron nitride 1 having a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 μm is usually scaly fine particles, as shown in FIG. 2, when forming a matrix, it is laminated in a vertical direction (thickness direction) to form a layered structure. Therefore, it is difficult to form a structure in which pores for holding phosphoric acid of the electrolyte communicate with each other, and the labyrinth of the portion holding the electrolyte increases, which causes an increase in internal resistance of the matrix.
【０００７】図３もマトリックスの構成を示す部分模式
断面図である。図３では、ＰＴＦＥ２との結着を良くす
るため、１〜１０μｍの大きな粒子径を持つ立方晶の窒
化ほう素３を用いている。このようにすると図３に示す
如く、ＰＴＦＥ２の不足をなくすことはできるが、その
反面、厚さ１００μｍ程度の薄いマトリックスを作製し
たとき、窒化ほう素３の粒子が大きいため、マトリック
ス内にピンホールを生ずるので、マトリックスの厚さを
２００μｍ以上にしなければならない。したがって、こ
の場合は内部抵抗を低減させることができないという問
題を残す。FIG. 3 is also a partial schematic sectional view showing the structure of the matrix. In FIG. 3, cubic boron nitride 3 having a large particle size of 1 to 10 μm is used in order to improve the binding with PTFE 2. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 3, the shortage of PTFE2 can be eliminated, but on the other hand, when a thin matrix with a thickness of about 100 μm is produced, the particles of boron nitride 3 are large, so that pinholes are formed in the matrix. Therefore, the thickness of the matrix must be 200 μm or more. Therefore, in this case, there remains a problem that the internal resistance cannot be reduced.
【０００８】本発明は上述の点に鑑みてなされたもので
あり、その目的は、電解質保持性を向上し、内部抵抗を
低減するために薄膜とし、機械的強度も高い燐酸形燃料
電池のマトリックスを提供することにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is a matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell which is a thin film for improving electrolyte retention and reducing internal resistance and has high mechanical strength. To provide.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めに、本発明の燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックスは、平均
粒径が０．１〜１．０μｍの鱗片状窒化ほう素と、平均
粒径が１〜１０μｍの立方晶窒化ほう素とをいずれも全
重量の１／３以上有し、残部がこれらの結着剤からなる
ものである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the matrix of the phosphoric acid fuel cell of the present invention comprises scaly boron nitride having an average particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 μm and an average particle size. The cubic boron nitride particles having a diameter of 1 to 10 μm are each contained in 1/3 or more of the total weight, and the balance consists of these binders.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】以上のように構成した本発明の燐酸形燃料電池
のマトリックスは、細かい粒径の鱗片状窒化ほう素粉末
と、粗い粒径の立方晶窒化ほう素粉末との形状の異なる
２種類の窒化ほう素粉末を均一に混合することにより、
立方晶窒化ほう素は結着剤と結合して機械的強度が向上
し、鱗片状窒化ほう素粉末のみ用いた場合のような空孔
部の低減と閉塞を防ぎ、また、立方晶窒化ほう素粉末の
み用いた場合のようにピンホールの発生を防止する。そ
の結果、マトリックスを薄膜として形成することが可能
となり、機械的強度の向上とともに内部抵抗を小さく
し、電解質保持性を高めることができる。The matrix of the phosphoric acid fuel cell of the present invention constructed as described above is composed of two types of different shapes, that is, a flake boron nitride powder having a fine particle size and a cubic boron nitride powder having a coarse particle size. By uniformly mixing the boron nitride powder,
Cubic boron nitride is combined with a binder to improve the mechanical strength, and prevents the reduction and blockage of pores as in the case of using scaly boron nitride powder alone. Prevents pinhole formation as in the case of using only powder. As a result, the matrix can be formed as a thin film, the mechanical strength can be improved, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the electrolyte retention can be improved.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例に基づき説明する。図
１は本発明による燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックスの部分
模式断面図を示し、図２，図３と共通する部分を同一符
号で表わしてある。図１が図２，図３と異なる点は、図
１では形状の異なる２種類の窒化ほう素の粉末を用い
て、細かい粒径の鱗片状の窒化ほう素１と、粗い粒径の
立方晶の窒化ほう素３との両者を、ＰＴＦＥ２により結
着したことにある。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below based on examples. FIG. 1 shows a partial schematic cross-sectional view of a matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell according to the present invention, and the portions common to FIGS. 2 and 3 are represented by the same reference numerals. The difference between FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2 and 3 is that in FIG. 1, two types of boron nitride powders having different shapes are used, and a scaly boron nitride 1 having a fine particle size and a cubic crystal having a coarse particle size are used. Both the boron nitride 3 and the boron nitride 3 are bonded by the PTFE 2.
【００１２】本発明のマトリックスは、以下のようにし
て作製することができる。まず、メタノール、エタノー
ル、イソプロパノールなどの溶剤１００ｍｌに対し、平
均粒径が０．１〜１．０μｍ（例えば０．６μｍ）の鱗
片状窒化ほう素１の粉末と、平均粒径が１〜１０μｍ
（例えば８μｍ）の立方晶窒化ほう素３の粉末とをそれ
ぞれ１０ｇ混ぜ、この混合粉末を超音波分散器を用いて
溶剤に分散させた後、さらにバインダーのＰＴＦＥ２を
５〜２０重量％相当添加し混合する。次に、この分散液
を遠心分離器により固形分と液体に分離し、このうちの
固形分を混練して、圧延ロールで厚さ１００μｍの薄膜
とした後、これを１００℃以上で乾燥させる。The matrix of the present invention can be manufactured as follows. First, in 100 ml of a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc., a powder of scaly boron nitride 1 having an average particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 μm (eg, 0.6 μm) and an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm
10 g of cubic boron nitride 3 powder (for example, 8 μm) was mixed with each other, the mixed powder was dispersed in a solvent using an ultrasonic disperser, and then 5 to 20 wt% of PTFE2 as a binder was further added. Mix. Next, this dispersion liquid is separated into a solid content and a liquid by a centrifuge, and the solid content is kneaded and made into a thin film having a thickness of 100 μm by a rolling roll, and then dried at 100 ° C. or higher.
【００１３】かくして得られたマトリックスは、平均粒
径０．１〜１．０μｍの鱗片状窒化ほう素１と、平均粒
径１〜１０μｍの立方晶窒化ほう素３とが均一に混合し
結着されたものとなり、平均粒径の小さい鱗片状窒化ほ
う素１が、電解質の保持性を向上させ、平均粒径の大き
い立方晶窒化ほう素３は機械的強度を高め、１００μｍ
程度の薄膜とするのを可能にするとともに、薄膜状マト
リックスのひび割れを防止することができる。The matrix thus obtained is composed of scaly boron nitride 1 having an average particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 μm and cubic boron nitride 3 having an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm, which are uniformly mixed and bound. The scaly boron nitride 1 having a small average particle size improves the electrolyte retention, and the cubic boron nitride 3 having a large average particle size increases the mechanical strength to 100 μm.
It is possible to form a thin film of a certain degree and prevent cracking of the thin film-like matrix.
【００１４】なお、鱗片状窒化ほう素１と立方晶窒化ほ
う素３との混合量は、双方同量とすればよいが、上記の
効果を得るためには、鱗片状窒化ほう素１と立方晶窒化
ほう素３は、いずれもマトリックス全重量の１／３以上
含まれ、残部がＰＴＦＥ２となるようにマトリックスを
構成することが必要である。このマトリックスを用いた
燐酸形燃料電池は、運転温度２００℃、電流密度３００
ｍＡ／ｃｍ2 のとき、内部抵抗による電圧損失を４０〜
５０ｍＶにすることができた。因みに、図３の構造を持
つマトリックスは、厚さ２００μｍのとき、電池の電圧
損失は９０ｍＶであり、本発明の構造にすることによ
り、マトリックスの厚さも電圧損失もほぼ１／２にする
ことが可能である。The scale-like boron nitride 1 and the cubic boron nitride 3 may be mixed in the same amount, but in order to obtain the above effect, the scale-like boron nitride 1 and the cubic boron nitride 3 are mixed. It is necessary to configure the matrix such that the crystalline boron nitride 3 is contained in 1/3 or more of the total weight of the matrix and the balance is PTFE 2. A phosphoric acid fuel cell using this matrix has an operating temperature of 200 ° C. and a current density of 300.
When the current is mA / cm 2, the voltage loss due to the internal resistance is 40-
It was possible to reach 50 mV. By the way, the matrix having the structure of FIG. 3 has a battery voltage loss of 90 mV when the thickness is 200 μm, and by adopting the structure of the present invention, the thickness and voltage loss of the matrix can be almost halved. It is possible.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックスは、その
構成部材である窒化ほう素の粒径の小さいものを用いる
と、電解質の保持力を保つためにバインダーの添加量を
抑えなければならないので、窒化ほう素同士が互いに結
着せず、窒化ほう素の粒径の大きいものを用いると、厚
さを増さなければならないなど、使用する窒化ほう素の
粒径の形状によって、電解質保持性、内部抵抗、機械的
強度などについては、十分な特性が得られなかったのに
対して、本発明のマトリックスは、粒径０．１〜１．０
μｍの細かい鱗片状窒化ほう素と、粒径１〜１０μｍの
粗い立方晶窒化ほう素とを混合して、これら２種類の窒
化ほう素の持つ特徴をそれぞれに発揮するようにして、
ＰＴＦＥによる互いの結着性を高めたものである。As a matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, if the constituent boron nitride having a small particle size is used, the amount of binder added must be suppressed in order to maintain the electrolyte retention. Depending on the shape of the boron nitride particle size used, electrolyte retention, internal retention, etc. may have to be increased if boron nitride particles that do not bind to each other and have a large particle size are used. Satisfactory properties such as resistance and mechanical strength were not obtained, whereas the matrix of the present invention had a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0.
Fine scaly boron nitride having a particle size of 1 μm and coarse cubic boron nitride having a particle size of 1 to 10 μm are mixed so that the characteristics of these two types of boron nitride can be exhibited respectively.
This is the one in which the mutual binding property of PTFE is enhanced.
【００１６】その結果、粒径の小さい鱗片状窒化ほう素
は、電解質の保持性の向上と薄膜化を可能として内部抵
抗を低く維持し、粒径の大きい立方晶窒化ほう素は、薄
膜のマトリックスの機械的強度を高くし、ひび割れの発
生するのを防止するなど、２種類の形状の異なる窒化ほ
う素の組み合わせからそれぞれの特徴を活かし、マトリ
ックスの要求される特性が総合的に向上し、これを用い
た燐酸形燃料電池の特性を改善することができた。As a result, the scaly boron nitride having a small particle size can improve the retention of the electrolyte and can be made into a thin film, and keep the internal resistance low, while the cubic boron nitride having a large particle size can form a thin film matrix. The combination of two types of boron nitride with different shapes has been utilized to improve the mechanical strength of the matrix and prevent the occurrence of cracks. It was possible to improve the characteristics of the phosphoric acid fuel cell using
【図１】本発明による燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックスの
部分模式断面図FIG. 1 is a partial schematic sectional view of a matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell according to the present invention.
【図２】鱗片状窒化ほう素を用いた従来のマトリックス
の部分模式断面図FIG. 2 is a partial schematic sectional view of a conventional matrix using scale-like boron nitride.
【図３】立方晶窒化ほう素を用いた従来のマトリックス
の部分模式断面図FIG. 3 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional matrix using cubic boron nitride.
１ 鱗片状窒化ほう素 ２ ＰＴＦＥ ３ 立方晶窒化ほう素 1 Scale-like boron nitride 2 PTFE 3 Cubic boron nitride
Claims (3)
電極の間に挟持され、電解質を保持する燐酸形燃料電池
のマトリックスであって、鱗片状の窒化ほう素と、立方
晶の窒化ほう素およびこれらの結着剤からなることを特
徴とする燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックス。1. A matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, which is sandwiched between two gas diffusion electrodes consisting of an electrode substrate and a catalyst layer, and holds an electrolyte, wherein a scaly boron nitride and a cubic nitriding method are used. A matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, comprising a matrix and a binder thereof.
片状の窒化ほう素の平均粒径は０．１〜１．０μｍであ
り、立方晶の窒化ほう素の平均粒径は１〜１０μｍであ
ることを特徴とする燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックス。2. The matrix according to claim 1, wherein the scaly boron nitride has an average particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 μm, and the cubic boron nitride has an average particle size of 1 to 10 μm. A matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, which is characterized in that:
いて、鱗片状の窒化ほう素と立方晶の窒化ほう素は、い
ずれも全重量の１／３以上を有し残部が結着剤からなる
ことを特徴とする燐酸形燃料電池のマトリックス。3. The matrix according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scale-like boron nitride and the cubic boron nitride each have 1/3 or more of the total weight and the balance is a binder. A matrix of a phosphoric acid fuel cell characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5040322A JPH06260187A (en) | 1993-03-02 | 1993-03-02 | Matrix of fuel cell with phosphoric acid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5040322A JPH06260187A (en) | 1993-03-02 | 1993-03-02 | Matrix of fuel cell with phosphoric acid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06260187A true JPH06260187A (en) | 1994-09-16 |
Family
ID=12577377
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5040322A Pending JPH06260187A (en) | 1993-03-02 | 1993-03-02 | Matrix of fuel cell with phosphoric acid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06260187A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009054559A (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell and fuel cell containing the same |
-
1993
- 1993-03-02 JP JP5040322A patent/JPH06260187A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090233144A1 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-09-17 | Hyundai Motor Company | Polymer Electrolyte membrane with coating layer of anion binding agent and fuel cell using same |
| US8318376B2 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2012-11-27 | Hyundai Motor Company | Polymer electrolyte membrane with coating layer of anion binding agent and fuel cell using same |
| JP2009054559A (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell and fuel cell containing the same |
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