JPH0623684B2 - Method for measuring bulk density distribution of coal, coke, etc. - Google Patents
Method for measuring bulk density distribution of coal, coke, etc.Info
- Publication number
- JPH0623684B2 JPH0623684B2 JP60183587A JP18358785A JPH0623684B2 JP H0623684 B2 JPH0623684 B2 JP H0623684B2 JP 60183587 A JP60183587 A JP 60183587A JP 18358785 A JP18358785 A JP 18358785A JP H0623684 B2 JPH0623684 B2 JP H0623684B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- sample
- coke
- measured
- bulk density
- Prior art date
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- Coke Industry (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、例えば製鉄業で使用されているコークスを製
造する場合等において、石炭の装入密度（かさ密度）、
あるいは製造されたコークスの密度を測定するための方
法である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to the charging density (bulk density) of coal, for example, when producing coke used in the steel industry.
Alternatively, it is a method for measuring the density of the produced coke.
また石炭、コークスに近い物質たとえば樹脂、黒鉛材、
カーボン系複合材などの密度測定にも用いられる方法で
ある。Also, substances close to coal and coke such as resin, graphite material,
This method is also used for measuring the density of carbon-based composite materials.
現在石炭からコークスを製造する場合に次のようなこと
が問題となっている。At present, the following is a problem when coke is produced from coal.
(1)原料炭以外の一般炭をどの程度多く使用できるか。(1) How much steam coal other than coking coal can be used?
(2)石炭の事前処理技術（予熱炭装入、成形炭配合、石
炭粒度別装入、石炭調湿装入など）の改善。(2) Improvement of coal pretreatment technology (preheated coal charging, forming coal blending, coal particle size specific charging, coal humidity conditioning charging, etc.).
(3)新しい石炭乾留法（広幅炉、連続乾留法など）の開
発。(3) Development of new coal carbonization method (broad furnace, continuous carbonization method, etc.).
これらはいずれも製造されるコークス品質との関係で解
決していかなければならない。従来から石炭をコークス
炉に装入する場合の装入密度（かさ密度）がコークスの
品質と直接関係あることが知られている。このため各種
の事前処理技術も、いかりコークス炉内の石送の装入密
度を上げるか検討してきたと言っても過言ではない。し
かしこの装入密度を測定するには装入する石炭の重量と
装入容器（炉）から計算で求めるしかなく、炉上下方向
など炉内各位置の装入密度の差を調べる手段はなかっ
た。All of these must be resolved in relation to the quality of coke produced. It is conventionally known that the charging density (bulk density) when charging coal into a coke oven is directly related to the quality of coke. For this reason, it is no exaggeration to say that various pretreatment technologies have also been investigated to increase the packing density of stone transport in the Ikari coke oven. However, the only way to measure this charging density is to calculate it from the weight of the coal to be charged and the charging container (furnace), and there was no means to check the difference in the charging density at each position in the furnace such as the vertical direction of the furnace. .
一方コークス品質を評価するには強度とＣＯ２の反応性
が重要である。これらのいずれもコークス中の気孔率、
いいかえるとコークス密度の関数である。コークスの密
度を測定するにはＪＩＳＫ２１５１（１９７７）できめ
られているように水中でのコークスのかさ比重を測定す
ることで行なわれてきた。しかしこれでは閉気孔（Clos
ed pore）を考慮することはできない。On the other hand, strength and CO 2 reactivity are important for evaluating coke quality. Both of these have porosity in the coke,
In other words, it is a function of coke density. The density of coke has been measured by measuring the bulk specific gravity of coke in water as specified in JIS K2151 (1977). However, with this, closed pores (Clos
ed pores) cannot be considered.
〔本発明が解決しようとする問題点） 本発明はこのような従来技術の現状に鑑み、Ｘ線の吸収
が主にコンプトン散乱で起る１００KeV 〜３００KeV の
範囲のＸ線を用いて、石炭、コークスあるいは乾留途中
物質の（かさ）密度を直接測定しようとするものであ
る。[Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention] In view of the current state of the art, the present invention uses X-rays in the range of 100 KeV to 300 KeV in which absorption of X-rays mainly occurs by Compton scattering, coal, It is intended to directly measure the (bulk) density of coke or a substance during carbonization.
本発明は，(1)コンプトン散乱が主である強度１００〜
３００ｋｅＶのＸ線発生装置内に石炭、コークス等の被
測定試料を装入し、該試料の幅方向にＸ線を透過させ、
その幅方向における吸収量分布を測定し、該測定値から
シェーディング効果と端部効果を補正して、あらかじめ
求めておいたＸ線吸収係数とかさ密度の関係を用いて該
試料の幅方向におけるかさ密度分布を測定する。あるい
は(2)該装置内にＸ線の吸収が少ない材質で形成した温
度制御可能な乾留炉を配置し，該乾留炉内に石炭等の被
測定試料を装入し、該試料を加熱しながら該試料の幅方
向にＸ線を透過させ，その幅方向における吸収量分布を
連続的に測定し，該測定値から前記(1)記載の方法によ
り該試料の幅方向におけるかさ密度分布の変化を連続的
に測定することを特徴とするものである。The present invention is (1) Compton scattering is the main intensity 100 ~
A sample to be measured such as coal or coke is charged into an X-ray generator of 300 keV, and X-rays are transmitted in the width direction of the sample,
The absorption amount distribution in the width direction is measured, the shading effect and the end effect are corrected from the measured values, and the bulk density in the width direction of the sample is calculated using the relationship between the X-ray absorption coefficient and the bulk density that is obtained in advance. Measure the density distribution. Or (2) disposing a temperature controllable carbonization furnace made of a material having low X-ray absorption inside the apparatus, charging a sample to be measured such as coal into the carbonization furnace, and heating the sample. X-rays are transmitted in the width direction of the sample, the absorption amount distribution in the width direction is continuously measured, and the change in the bulk density distribution in the width direction of the sample is measured from the measured value by the method described in (1) above. It is characterized by continuous measurement.
以下図面により本発明について説明する。第１図(a)は
Ｘ線発生装置（図示せず）内に設置した乾留炉を示す縦
断側図面，第１図(b)は同じく縦断正面図で１は外殻、
２はＸ線透過用窓、はプラスチック含浸カーボンシート
で、Ｘ線源４から放射されたＸ線はＡ−Ｂ線上を通過す
る。５はＸ線発生装置の温度上昇を防止するための冷却
水の流路、６は低密度カーボンレンジ、７は試料収容部
で、試料１６の任意の断層が観測できるようにレール１
２上を移動可能にしてある。８は高温用高密度発熱体
で、誘導加熱コイル１０によって発熱される。９は高温
用断熱材の蓋、１１は底で、これらの発熱体８、蓋９、
底１１等はＸ線透過性の良好なカーボン系の素材で構成
する。１３は試料収容部７を外部から移動させるための
連結棒、１４は試料１６から放出されるガスのための排
出管、１５はＸ線検出器である。The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 (a) is a vertical section view showing a carbonization furnace installed in an X-ray generator (not shown), and FIG. 1 (b) is a vertical front view of the same, in which 1 is an outer shell,
X-ray transmission window 2 is a plastic-impregnated carbon sheet, and X-rays emitted from the X-ray source 4 pass on the AB line. Reference numeral 5 is a flow path of cooling water for preventing the temperature rise of the X-ray generator, 6 is a low density carbon range, 7 is a sample container, and a rail 1 is provided so that an arbitrary fault of the sample 16 can be observed.
It is possible to move above 2. Reference numeral 8 denotes a high-temperature high-density heating element, which is heated by the induction heating coil 10. 9 is a lid for high temperature heat insulating material, 11 is a bottom, and these heating elements 8, lid 9,
The bottom 11 and the like are made of a carbon-based material having good X-ray transparency. Reference numeral 13 is a connecting rod for moving the sample container 7 from the outside, 14 is an exhaust pipe for the gas released from the sample 16, and 15 is an X-ray detector.
本発明方法により石炭、コークス等の試料のかさ密度を
測定するには、試料収容部７に測定しようとする試料１
６を収容し、該試料収容部７を乾留炉内に装入し、試料
がＸ線透過窓２の直下に位置するようにセットする。そ
こでＸ線源４からＸ線透過窓２、プラスチック含浸カー
ボンシート３を介して試料１６にＸ線を照射する。照射
されたＸ線は試料１６により一部が吸収され、透過した
Ｘ線がプラスチック含浸カーボンシート３、Ｘ線透過窓
２を経て検出器１５に検出される。従って検出されたＸ
線の強度から述のような操作を行うことによって試料の
かさ密度を測定することができる。また本発明において
は誘導加熱コイル１０に電流を流すことによって高温用
高密度発熱体８を加熱し試料１６を加熱しながらＸ線を
照射し、試料１６の熱による変化を連続的に測定するこ
ともできる。In order to measure the bulk density of a sample such as coal or coke by the method of the present invention, the sample 1 to be measured in the sample container 7
6 is accommodated, the sample accommodating portion 7 is charged into the dry distillation furnace, and the sample is set so as to be located immediately below the X-ray transmission window 2. Therefore, the sample 16 is irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray source 4 through the X-ray transmission window 2 and the plastic-impregnated carbon sheet 3. The irradiated X-rays are partially absorbed by the sample 16, and the transmitted X-rays are detected by the detector 15 via the plastic-impregnated carbon sheet 3 and the X-ray transmission window 2. Therefore, the detected X
The bulk density of the sample can be measured by performing the above-mentioned operation from the intensity of the line. Further, in the present invention, a high-temperature high-density heating element 8 is heated by passing a current through the induction heating coil 10 to irradiate X-rays while heating the sample 16, and the change of the sample 16 due to heat is continuously measured. You can also
ところで、石炭を構成している軽元素（Ｃ，Ｈ，Ｏ，
Ｎ）ではＸ線の吸収係数は一般に密度に比例する。しか
しＨの含有量が非常に高い場合には必ずしも吸収係数が
密度に比例しないことが生じる。そこで測定上の問題点
としては次の３つが考えられる。By the way, the light elements (C, H, O,
In N), the X-ray absorption coefficient is generally proportional to the density. However, when the H content is very high, the absorption coefficient may not necessarily be proportional to the density. Therefore, there are three possible problems in measurement.
(1)Ｈの存在。(1) Presence of H.
(2)シェーディング（測定領域外にウォータージャケッ
ト（第１図５）があるためその影響をうける）。(2) Shading (affected by the presence of the water jacket (Fig. 1) outside the measurement area).
(3)端部効果（試料収容部の炉壁は他の物に比べ、極端
に吸収率が高い。このようなものがあると、その外周部
にそって影響が現われる）。(3) Edge effect (The furnace wall of the sample storage area has an extremely high absorptivity as compared with other materials. If such a material is present, it will be affected along the outer periphery thereof).
Ｈの含有量については、石炭は通常４〜７％程途のＨを
含でいるが、コークス（Ｈはほとんど含まず）と同じよ
うに扱かっても問題ないことがわかった（第３図の検量
線で石炭、コークスとも同一検量線で表わせることか
ら）。Regarding the H content, coal usually contains about 4 to 7% of H, but it was found that there is no problem even if it is handled in the same manner as coke (containing almost no H) (Fig. 3). (Because the same calibration curve can be used for both coal and coke).
シェーディングと端部効果については、第２図のように
ブランクテストを２回行なうことで補正した。第２図は
試料（石炭）を入れて測定した時の吸収係数分布を示す
（第２図、Ａ）。乾留炉を入れない時の測定図が第２図
（Ｂ）である。これは第１図の外枠１とプラスチック含
浸カーボンシート３およびこの間を流れる冷却水の影
響、即ちシェーディング効果が出たためである。石炭を
装入しないで、乾留炉のみを測定した結果が第２図
（Ｃ）である。密度の高い炉壁（第１図の８、発熱体を
兼ねる）を通してＸ線の吸収量が測定されるので、端部
効果と言われる端部で裾を引く値が得られる。試料を入
れた状態でのＸ線の吸収係数（Ａ）から、上記のシェー
ディング（Ｂ），端部効果（Ｃ）を差し引いて補正後得
られた実際の石炭だけのＸ線吸収係数の分布が第２図
（Ｄ）である。Shading and edge effects were corrected by performing a blank test twice as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows the absorption coefficient distribution when a sample (coal) is put in and measured (FIG. 2, A). The measurement diagram when the dry distillation furnace is not inserted is FIG. 2 (B). This is because the outer frame 1 and the plastic-impregnated carbon sheet 3 in FIG. 1 and the cooling water flowing between them are influenced, that is, the shading effect is produced. The result of measuring only the carbonization furnace without charging coal is shown in FIG. 2 (C). Since the amount of X-ray absorption is measured through the dense furnace wall (8 in FIG. 1, which also serves as a heating element), a value which is called an end effect and is tailed at the end is obtained. The distribution of the actual X-ray absorption coefficient of only coal obtained after correction by subtracting the above shading (B) and edge effect (C) from the X-ray absorption coefficient (A) in the state in which the sample is put It is FIG. 2 (D).
次に第１図の試料収容部７に石炭、コークスの装入密度
を色々変えて装入し、Ｘ線吸収係数を求め、第２図の補
正方法で補正した後、装入密度（かさ密度）とＸ線の吸
収係数（ここでは水の吸収係数を０とし、空気中のそれ
を−１０００とする値で示した）の関係を求めた（第３
図）。第３図は、水素の影響を見るため、石炭（水素含
有量５％前後）とコークス（水素含有量１％以下）を色
々な嵩密度で乾留炉に装入し、そのＸ線吸収係数を測定
した結果である。この結果、この範囲の水素含有量で
は、水素の影響を考慮しなくても良いことがわかった。
またこのＸ線吸収係数は嵩密度と直接関係があることか
ら、Ｘ線吸収係数を求めれば、物質の嵩密度が求められ
ることがわかった。Next, after charging coal and coke with various charging densities into the sample storage unit 7 in FIG. 1, the X-ray absorption coefficient was obtained, and after correcting with the correction method in FIG. 2, the charging density (bulk density) ) And the absorption coefficient of X-rays (here, the absorption coefficient of water is 0 and that in air is −1000).
Figure). In Fig. 3, in order to see the effect of hydrogen, coal (hydrogen content of around 5%) and coke (hydrogen content of 1% or less) were loaded into a carbonization furnace at various bulk densities, and the X-ray absorption coefficient was calculated. It is the result of measurement. As a result, it was found that the hydrogen content in this range does not need to consider the influence of hydrogen.
Further, since the X-ray absorption coefficient is directly related to the bulk density, it was found that the bulk density of the substance can be calculated by calculating the X-ray absorption coefficient.
本発明により石炭乾留途中でのコークス、石炭および乾
留途中物質の密度の測定例を示す。An example of measurement of densities of coke, coal and substances during carbonization during coal carbonization according to the present invention will be shown.
測定条件は次のとおりである。The measurement conditions are as follows.
石炭：ブルークリーク炭 装入密度：０．７ｔ／m3 装入石炭水分：８％ 炉壁温度：７００℃ Ｘ線強度 １２０KeV 第４図は石炭を加熱した時の、乾留途中の測定図であ
る。炉壁から加熱されるので、壁側がコークスになり、
中心はまだ石炭である。石炭とコークス層の間は、石炭
が軟化溶融しているのでプラスチック層が形成されてい
る。この第４図のＡＢ間のＸ線吸収係数の分布を求め
て、第２図の補正（シェーディング効果、端部効果）を
し、第３図の関係から乾留途中のかさ密度分布を求めた
のが第５図である。第５図から石炭の加熱途中でのかさ
密度分布の変化も連続的に求められる。Coal: Blue Creek coal Charging density: 0.7 t / m 3 Charging coal moisture: 8% Furnace wall temperature: 700 ° C X-ray intensity 120 KeV Fig. 4 is a measurement diagram during carbonization while heating coal. . Since it is heated from the furnace wall, the wall side becomes coke,
The core is still coal. A plastic layer is formed between the coal and the coke layer because the coal is softened and melted. The distribution of the X-ray absorption coefficient between AB in FIG. 4 was obtained, the correction of FIG. 2 (shading effect, edge effect) was performed, and the bulk density distribution during carbonization was obtained from the relationship of FIG. Is FIG. 5. From FIG. 5, changes in the bulk density distribution during the heating of coal can also be obtained continuously.
以上説明したように本発明によれば石炭、コークス等の
かさ密度を正確に測定することができるのみならず、樹
脂、黒鉛材、カーボン系複合材等の密度測定をも行うこ
とができ、その適用範囲は極めて大きい。As described above, according to the present invention, not only can the bulk density of coal, coke, etc. be accurately measured, but also the density of resins, graphite materials, carbon-based composite materials, etc. can be measured, The scope of application is extremely large.
第１図は本発明方法を実施するための乾留炉を示す説明
図、第２図は本発明方法におけるシェーディングおよび
端部効果の補正の態様を示す説明図、第３図は検量線、
第４図は本発明方法により得られた画像、第５図は本発
明方法による測定結果である。 １：外殻、２：Ｘ線透過用窓、３：プラスチック含浸カ
ーボンシート、４：Ｘ線源、５：冷却水流路、６：低密
度カーボンレンガ、７：試料収容部、８：高温用高密度
発熱体、９：蓋、１０：誘導加熱コイル、１１：底、１
２：レール、１３：連結棒、１４：排出管、１５：Ｘ線
検出器、１６：試料。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a carbonization furnace for carrying out the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a mode of shading and end effect correction in the method of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a calibration curve.
FIG. 4 is an image obtained by the method of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a measurement result by the method of the present invention. 1: Outer shell, 2: X-ray transmission window, 3: Plastic impregnated carbon sheet, 4: X-ray source, 5: Cooling water channel, 6: Low density carbon brick, 7: Sample storage part, 8: High temperature high Density heating element, 9: lid, 10: induction heating coil, 11: bottom, 1
2: rail, 13: connecting rod, 14: discharge pipe, 15: X-ray detector, 16: sample.
Claims (2)
００ｋｅＶのＸ線発生装置内に石炭、コークス等の被測
定試料を装入し、該試料の幅方向にＸ線を透過させ、そ
の幅方向における吸収量分布を測定し、該測定値からシ
ェーディング効果と端部効果を補正して、あらかじめ求
めておいたＸ線吸収係数とかさ密度の関係を用いて該試
料の幅方向におけるかさ密度分布を測定することを特徴
とする石炭、コークス等のかさ密度分布測定方法。1. An intensity of 100 to 3 which is mainly Compton scattering.
A sample to be measured such as coal or coke is charged into an X-ray generator of 00 keV, X-rays are transmitted in the width direction of the sample, the absorption amount distribution in the width direction is measured, and the shading effect is obtained from the measured value. And the end effect are corrected, and the bulk density distribution in the width direction of the sample is measured using the relationship between the X-ray absorption coefficient and the bulk density that has been obtained in advance. Distribution measurement method.
００ｋｅＶのＸ線発生装置内にＸ線の吸収が少ない材質
で形成した温度制御可能な乾留炉を配置し，該乾留炉内
に石炭等の被測定試料を装入し、該試料を加熱しながら
該試料の幅方向にＸ線を透過させ，その幅方向における
吸収量分布を連続的に測定し，該測定値から特許請求の
範囲(1)記載の方法により該試料の幅方向におけるかさ
密度分布の変化を連続的に測定することを特徴とする石
炭、コークス等のかさ密度分布測定方法。2. An intensity of 100 to 3 which is mainly Compton scattering.
In a 00 keV X-ray generator, a temperature-controllable carbonization furnace made of a material that absorbs a small amount of X-rays is placed, and a sample to be measured such as coal is loaded into the carbonization furnace while heating the sample. X-rays are transmitted in the width direction of the sample, the absorption amount distribution in the width direction is continuously measured, and the bulk density distribution in the width direction of the sample is measured by the method according to claim (1). A method for measuring the bulk density distribution of coal, coke, etc., which is characterized by continuously measuring the change in temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60183587A JPH0623684B2 (en) | 1985-08-21 | 1985-08-21 | Method for measuring bulk density distribution of coal, coke, etc. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60183587A JPH0623684B2 (en) | 1985-08-21 | 1985-08-21 | Method for measuring bulk density distribution of coal, coke, etc. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6243545A JPS6243545A (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| JPH0623684B2 true JPH0623684B2 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
Family
ID=16138424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60183587A Expired - Lifetime JPH0623684B2 (en) | 1985-08-21 | 1985-08-21 | Method for measuring bulk density distribution of coal, coke, etc. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0623684B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63262545A (en) * | 1987-04-21 | 1988-10-28 | Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd | Method for measuring bulk density of coal |
| JP4581224B2 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2010-11-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | High-temperature observation furnace for X-ray fluoroscopic inspection equipment |
| PL3347707T3 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2022-11-21 | American Science & Engineering, Inc. | Backscatter imaging for precision agriculture |
| CN108776151A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-11-09 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of high/low temperature original position loading device based on X-ray transmission |
| CN112044798A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | System and method for identifying coal and coal gangue |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5649301A (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1981-05-02 | Koshii Purezaabingu:Kk | Diluting method of chemical liquid |
| JPS6074353A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-26 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Zinc negative electrode for alkaline battery |
-
1985
- 1985-08-21 JP JP60183587A patent/JPH0623684B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6243545A (en) | 1987-02-25 |
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