JPH06207187A - Electroviscous fluid - Google Patents

Electroviscous fluid

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Publication number
JPH06207187A
JPH06207187A JP273193A JP273193A JPH06207187A JP H06207187 A JPH06207187 A JP H06207187A JP 273193 A JP273193 A JP 273193A JP 273193 A JP273193 A JP 273193A JP H06207187 A JPH06207187 A JP H06207187A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
compound
molecular chain
group
nature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP273193A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshitsugu Maniwa
俊嗣 真庭
Akio Inoue
昭夫 井上
Masanori Ikeda
池田  正紀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP273193A priority Critical patent/JPH06207187A/en
Publication of JPH06207187A publication Critical patent/JPH06207187A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an electroviscous fluid of quick response, a homogeneous system free from problems of sedimentation and separation, reduced in basal viscosity without impairing its excellent electroviscous effect, consisting mainly of a specific fluorine atom-contg. compound of liquid crystal nature. CONSTITUTION:The electroviscous fluid consisting mainly of a compound of liquid crystal nature with plural groups of such nature bound to the molecular chain, specifically, a compound containing fluorine atom-bearing substituent(s) in the molecular chain or the groups of liquid crystal nature. The above- mentioned compound of liquid crystal nature is e.g. a side chain-type liquid crystal compound of formula I, which can be obtained, for example, by the following process: a compound of formula II, a reaction product from p- hydroxybenzoic acid and allyl bromide, is made to react with thionyl chloride to produce an acid chloride, which is then made to react with 4- trifluoromethoxyphenol to obtain a compound of liquid crystal nature of formula III, which is then made to react with a copolymer silicone of formula IV derived from dimethylsiloxane and monomethylhydrogensiloxane.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は均一系の電気粘性流体に
関するものであり、振動吸収、トルク伝達、サーボ制御
などのアクチュエーターとして利用される。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a uniform electrorheological fluid and is used as an actuator for vibration absorption, torque transmission, servo control and the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】電気粘性流体とは、電圧印加により粘性
が瞬間的に大きくかつ可逆的に変化する流体のことであ
る。このような流体としては既に1940年代より、含
水微粒子を絶縁油に分散させた、いわゆる Winslow流体
(USP.2417850)があり、また最近では、有
機半導体粒子を分散させた流体(GB.217051
0)や表面に絶縁性薄膜を形成した導電性粒子を分散さ
せた流体(特開昭64−6093)などが提案されてい
る。これら従来の電気粘性流体はいずれも微粒子を絶縁
油に分散させたものであり、短期的には優れた性能を示
すものの、粒子の沈降分離や沈降粒子の凝集粘土化が避
けがたく実用化の大きな障害の一つになっている。
2. Description of the Related Art An electrorheological fluid is a fluid whose viscosity changes momentarily and reversibly when a voltage is applied. As such a fluid, there has been a so-called Winslow fluid (USP. 2417850) in which water-containing fine particles are dispersed in insulating oil since the 1940s, and recently, a fluid in which organic semiconductor particles are dispersed (GB.217051).
0) or a fluid in which conductive particles having an insulating thin film formed on the surface are dispersed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-6093). All of these conventional electrorheological fluids have fine particles dispersed in insulating oil and show excellent performance in the short term, but sedimentation separation of particles and coagulation of sedimented particles are unavoidable for practical application. It is one of the major obstacles.

【0003】一方、粒子を用いない均一なものとして
も、例えば、ニトロメタンやニトロベンゼンなどの極性
液体(Japan.J.Appl.Phys.16 1
775(1977))、コレステリック液晶混合物(C
ommunications3865(1965))や
メトキシベンジリデンブチルアニリン(MBBA)など
の低分子液晶(Japan.J.Appl.Phys.
17,1525(1978)および、英国公開特許第2
208515A)、強誘電性ポリマー溶液(第39回高
分子討論会予稿集,18U07、1990)を用いる方
法などが研究されているが、いずれも殆ど電気粘性効果
は得られていない。
On the other hand, even if it is uniform without using particles, for example, polar liquids such as nitromethane and nitrobenzene (Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 161).
775 (1977)), cholesteric liquid crystal mixture (C
communications 3865 (1965)) and methoxybenzylidene butylaniline (MBBA) and other low molecular weight liquid crystals (Japan. J. Appl. Phys.
17,1525 (1978) and British Published Patent No. 2
208515A), a method using a ferroelectric polymer solution (Proceedings of the 39th Symposium on Polymers, 18U07, 1990) and the like have been studied, but almost no electrorheological effects have been obtained.

【0004】液晶性物質は、電圧印加により分子配向し
各種の特性に異方性を生じる。粘度特性に対しても異方
性による粘性増大を期待して、前述の如く電気粘性流体
への適用が検討されていたが、粘性増加は小さく殆ど顧
みられていなかった。本発明者らは、従来検討されてき
た低分子液晶が電圧印加しても大きな粘性変化を発現し
ない原因を、電圧印加で配向した分子(ドメイン)間の
結合力が小さく容易にドメイン間の滑りを生じるためだ
と考えた。そこで液晶基を適度の長さの分子鎖に結合さ
せることにより、電圧をかけないときは分子鎖の性質で
柔らかいが、電圧印加で液晶性基を配向させると同時に
配向した際のドメイン間の結合力を高め大きな粘性増加
の発現を狙って鋭意研究を重ねた結果、適度の長さの分
子鎖に複数個の液晶性基を結合した液晶性化合物を主成
分とする流体に大きな電気粘性効果を見いだし、均一系
の電気粘性流体を既に提案した(ヨーロッパ特許公開E
P−0478034A1)。
The liquid crystal substance undergoes molecular orientation when a voltage is applied and causes anisotropy in various characteristics. With respect to the viscosity characteristics, the application to electrorheological fluids has been studied as described above, expecting an increase in viscosity due to anisotropy, but the increase in viscosity is small and has been neglected. The present inventors have considered that the reason why the low-molecular liquid crystal that has been studied so far does not exhibit a large change in viscosity even when a voltage is applied is that the bonding force between molecules (domains) oriented by voltage application is small and slippage between domains easily occurs. I thought it was because of. Therefore, by bonding a liquid crystal group to a molecular chain of an appropriate length, the property of the molecular chain is soft when no voltage is applied, but the liquid crystal group is aligned by the application of a voltage, and at the same time, a bond between domains when aligned. As a result of intensive studies aimed at increasing the force and producing a large increase in viscosity, a large electrorheological effect was obtained for a fluid containing a liquid crystalline compound in which a plurality of liquid crystalline groups are bonded to a molecular chain of an appropriate length as the main component. It has been found that a homogeneous electrorheological fluid has already been proposed (European Patent Publication E).
P-047834A1).

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような複数個の液
晶性基を一つの分子鎖に結合した液晶性化合物を主成分
とする電気粘性流体は、大きな電気粘性効果を示すので
好ましいが、電圧を印加していない時の粘度(基底粘
度)が一般的に高く、使用できる用途に限界があった。
The electrorheological fluid containing a liquid crystal compound having a plurality of liquid crystal groups bonded to one molecular chain as a main component is preferable because it exhibits a large electrorheological effect. The viscosity (base viscosity) when no voltage is applied is generally high, and there is a limit to the applications that can be used.

【0006】本発明は分子鎖に複数個の液晶性基を結合
した液晶性化合物を主成分とする電気粘性流体の大きく
粘性変化する優れた特徴を損なわないで、基底粘度が低
い電気粘性流体の実現を目的とするものである。このよ
うに基底粘度が低い電気粘性流体は、液晶性基が電界に
よって動きやすく応答速度が速くなる利点がある。ま
た、基底粘度を下げることによって電圧を印加していな
い時のエネルギー損失を抑えることができ実用上のメリ
ットは大きい。
According to the present invention, an electrorheological fluid having a low base viscosity can be obtained without impairing the excellent characteristic of the electrorheological fluid mainly composed of a liquid crystalline compound having a plurality of liquid crystalline groups bonded to its molecular chain. It is intended for realization. As described above, the electrorheological fluid having a low base viscosity has an advantage that the liquid crystal group is easily moved by the electric field and the response speed is increased. Further, by reducing the base viscosity, energy loss when no voltage is applied can be suppressed, which is a great practical advantage.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、一つの分
子鎖に複数個の液晶性基を結合した液晶性化合物の大き
く粘性変化する優れた特徴を損なわないで基底粘度を下
げる方法として、分子鎖に結合される液晶性基すなわち
低分子液晶の液晶を発現させる基本骨格であるメソゲン
および分子鎖の柔軟性に着目した。粘性変化の大きさ
は、メソゲンの誘電異方性の大きさと関係がある。たと
えばメソゲン末端にシアノ基を結合した大きな正の誘電
異方性を有するシアノ基を複数個分子鎖に結合した液晶
性化合物を主成分とする流体は大きな粘性変化を発現す
る。しかし、この化合物自体の末端にシアノ基を有する
メソゲンを導入した液晶性化合物は基底粘度が高いとい
う短所があった。メソゲン骨格の置換基について鋭意検
討した結果、液晶性基にフッ素原子を有する置換基を導
入することにより電気粘性効果を損なわないで基底粘度
を下げることを見いだした。また分子鎖としてフッ素原
子をもつアルキルエーテル分子鎖を用いることによって
も同様の効果が得られることを見いだし本発明に至っ
た。すなわち本発明は、複数個の液晶性基を分子鎖に結
合した液晶性化合物を主成分とする電気粘性流体におい
て、分子鎖または液晶性基にフッ素原子を有する置換基
を含むことを特徴とする電気粘性流体である。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention have proposed a method for lowering the base viscosity without impairing the excellent characteristic of liquid crystal compounds in which a plurality of liquid crystal groups are bonded to one molecular chain, which greatly changes the viscosity. We focused on the flexibility of mesogens and molecular chains, which are the basic skeletons that develop liquid crystal groups bonded to molecular chains, that is, liquid crystals of low molecular weight liquid crystals. The magnitude of the change in viscosity is related to the magnitude of the dielectric anisotropy of mesogen. For example, a fluid mainly composed of a liquid crystalline compound having a large number of cyano groups having a large positive dielectric anisotropy in which cyano groups are bonded to the ends of mesogens has a large change in viscosity. However, the liquid crystal compound in which a mesogen having a cyano group is introduced at the terminal of the compound itself has a disadvantage that the base viscosity is high. As a result of diligent study on the substituent of the mesogenic skeleton, it was found that the introduction of the substituent having a fluorine atom into the liquid crystalline group lowers the base viscosity without impairing the electrorheological effect. It was also found that the same effect can be obtained by using an alkyl ether molecular chain having a fluorine atom as the molecular chain, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is characterized in that in the electrorheological fluid mainly composed of a liquid crystalline compound in which a plurality of liquid crystalline groups are bonded to a molecular chain, the molecular chain or the liquid crystalline group contains a substituent having a fluorine atom. It is an electrorheological fluid.

【0008】本発明にいう複数個の液晶性基を1つの分
子鎖に導入した液晶性化合物とは、図1(a)〜(e)
にモデル的に示されるように、1)液晶性基が1つの分
子鎖に対して、直接に、あるいはスペーサーを介して、
枝のようにぶら下がった形で結合した側鎖型液晶化合物
(b)(e)、2)液晶性基と分子鎖が交互になってい
るような主鎖型液晶化合物(a)(c)、3)主鎖型液
晶化合物の液晶性基あるいは分子鎖にさらに液晶性基を
結合した複合型液晶性化合物(d)のいずれでもよい。
The liquid crystal compound in which a plurality of liquid crystal groups are introduced into one molecular chain according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (e).
As shown in a model in 1), a liquid crystal group is attached to one molecular chain directly or through a spacer,
Side chain type liquid crystal compounds (b) (e), which are bound in a dangling manner, 2) main chain type liquid crystal compounds (a) (c) in which liquid crystal groups and molecular chains are alternated, 3) Either the liquid crystal group of the main chain liquid crystal compound or the composite liquid crystal compound (d) in which a liquid crystal group is further bonded to the molecular chain may be used.

【0009】本発明にいう分子鎖とは、炭素や珪素を主
成分とするアルキレンやシロキサンなどの鎖状化合物や
ベンゼン環やグルコ−ス環などの環状化合物からなる分
子を1単位とする単量体、あるいは単独重合体または共
重合体であり、重合体の場合、その重合度は2から10
0、より好ましくは2から30である。また、この分子
鎖は必要に応じて分子鎖中にエステル基、アミド基、エ
−テル基、などの結合基を介在させることもできる。分
子鎖は剛直でもよいが、屈曲性の高いももは、比較的低
温でも流動性を示し、かつ、電圧印加したとき液晶性物
質の配向を妨げないため好ましい。特に、その分子鎖を
構成する単位でオリゴマーあるいはポリマーを合成した
場合、そのガラス転移温度(Tg)が常温以下、好まし
くは0℃以下、より好ましくは−20℃以下となる屈曲
性分子鎖は、低温から使用できる電気粘性流体を得るの
に好ましい。このような屈曲性の分子鎖としては、具体
的には、例えば、1)メチレン、エチレン、プロピレ
ン、など ーCm 2mー(ここでmは1から18の整
数)で表されるアルキレン基 2)オキシエチレン、オ
キシプロピレン、オキシブチレン、などーOCm 2m
(ここでmは1から5の整数)で表されるオキシアルキ
レン基 3)ジメチルシロキサン、フェニルメチルシロ
キサン、などーSiR1 2 Oー(ここでR1 、R2
アルキル基あるいはフェニル基を示す。)で表されるシ
ロキサン 4)−OCm 2m-nn −(ここでmは1か
ら5、nは2mから2の整数)などを1単位とする単量
体、あるいは単独重合体または共重合体である。これら
の重合体の場合、その重合度は2から100、より好ま
しくは、アルキレンでは2から10、オキシアルキレン
では2から10、シロキサンでは2から30である。こ
れらの屈曲性分子鎖は、上記の1)および2)に示した
単位では一部のHの代わりに、液晶性基を導入するため
の、メチレン(炭素数1から18)、アミド、ウレタ
ン、エステル、エーテル、カーボネートなど2価の手を
もつ結合基やアルキル基(炭素数1から8)、フェニル
基などの側鎖基を、また3)に示した単位では一部また
は全部のR1 の代わりに上記同様の結合基を、もつこと
ができる。このような分子鎖は片末端または両末端ある
いは側鎖に、液晶性基を含む結合基と化学的に結合でき
る少なくとも2個以上の複数個の結合基を持つことが必
要である。
The molecular chain referred to in the present invention means a unit amount of a molecule composed of a chain compound such as alkylene or siloxane containing carbon or silicon as a main component or a cyclic compound such as benzene ring or glucose ring as one unit. Or a homopolymer or a copolymer, and in the case of a polymer, the degree of polymerization is 2 to 10
It is 0, more preferably 2 to 30. If necessary, the molecular chain may have a bonding group such as an ester group, an amide group, an ether group, or the like in the molecular chain. The molecular chain may be rigid, but the one having high flexibility is preferable because it exhibits fluidity even at a relatively low temperature and does not hinder the alignment of the liquid crystalline substance when a voltage is applied. In particular, when an oligomer or polymer is synthesized with units constituting the molecular chain, the flexible molecular chain having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of room temperature or lower, preferably 0 ° C. or lower, more preferably −20 ° C. or lower is Preferred for obtaining electrorheological fluids that can be used from low temperatures. Examples of such a flexible molecular chain include, for example, 1) methylene, ethylene, propylene, etc., an alkylene group represented by —C m H 2m — (where m is an integer from 1 to 18). 2) Oxyethylene, oxypropylene, oxybutylene, etc. —OC m H 2 m —an oxyalkylene group represented by m (where m is an integer of 1 to 5) 3) Dimethylsiloxane, phenylmethylsiloxane, etc. —SiR 1 R Siloxane 4 represented by 2 O- (wherein R 1 and R 2 represent an alkyl group or a phenyl group) -OC m H 2m-n F n- (where m is 1 to 5 and n is 2 m) To an integer of 2) or the like as a unit, or a homopolymer or a copolymer. In the case of these polymers, the degree of polymerization is 2 to 100, more preferably 2 to 10 for alkylene, 2 to 10 for oxyalkylene, and 2 to 30 for siloxane. These flexible molecular chains have methylene (having 1 to 18 carbon atoms), amide, urethane, for introducing a liquid crystal group instead of a part of H in the units shown in 1) and 2) above. ester, ether, binding group or an alkyl group having a divalent hand such carbonate (from 1 to 8 carbon atoms), a side chain groups such as a phenyl group, or 3) the indicated some or all the units of R 1 Alternatively, a linking group similar to that described above can be included. Such a molecular chain needs to have at least two or more bonding groups capable of chemically bonding with a bonding group containing a liquid crystal group at one end or both ends or a side chain.

【0010】分子鎖を構成する単位の中でも、屈曲性の
シロキサンやアルキレン骨格構造は電気的特性や液晶性
の発現において好ましい。特にシロキサン骨格構造やフ
ッ素原子をもつアルキルエーテル分子骨格は、Tgが極
めて低く、アルキレンやオキシアルキレン骨格構造より
も低温での柔軟性に優れ、屈曲性分子鎖に複数個の液晶
性物質を結合した際に比較的低温から液晶性を発現しや
すいことや、基底粘度の低い液晶性化合物を形成しやす
いことから好ましい。分子鎖は一定の長さでも、ある程
度広い分子量分布、例えば分子量分布指数Mw/Mnが
2以上、を持っていてもよい。
Among the units constituting the molecular chain, a flexible siloxane or alkylene skeleton structure is preferable in terms of exhibiting electrical characteristics and liquid crystallinity. In particular, the siloxane skeleton structure and the alkyl ether molecular skeleton having a fluorine atom have extremely low Tg and are more flexible at low temperatures than alkylene and oxyalkylene skeleton structures, and a plurality of liquid crystal substances are bonded to a flexible molecular chain. At that time, liquid crystallinity is easily exhibited even at a relatively low temperature, and a liquid crystal compound having a low base viscosity is easily formed, which is preferable. The molecular chains may have a certain length or a somewhat broad molecular weight distribution, for example, a molecular weight distribution index Mw / Mn of 2 or more.

【0011】本発明でいう屈曲性分子鎖に結合される液
晶性基とは、シッフ塩基系、アゾ系、アゾキシ系、ビフ
ェニル系、ターフェニル系、安息香酸エステル系、シク
ロヘキシルカルボン酸エステル系、フェニルシクロヘキ
サン系、ビフェニルシクロヘキサン系、コレステリル系
など従来知られている低分子液晶の液晶を発現させる基
本骨格すなわちメソゲンを用いることができる。メソゲ
ンについて詳しくは、Alexandre Blums
teibn編 LIQUID CRYSTALLINE
ODDER IN POLYMERS(ACADEM
IC PRESS)あるいは、M.Gordon編 L
iquid Crystal Polymers(Sp
ringer−Verlag)における Liquid
Crystal Polymers with Fl
exible Spacersin Main Cha
in や松本正一”液晶エレクトロニクス”(オーム
社)あるいは中田・堀・向尾”液晶入門”(幸書房)な
どに代表例が記載されている。
The liquid crystalline group bonded to the flexible molecular chain in the present invention means a Schiff base type, an azo type, an azoxy type, a biphenyl type, a terphenyl type, a benzoic acid ester type, a cyclohexylcarboxylic acid ester type, phenyl. A basic skeleton, that is, a mesogen that develops liquid crystals of conventionally known low-molecular liquid crystals such as cyclohexane type, biphenylcyclohexane type, and cholesteryl type can be used. For more information on mesogens, see Alexandre Blums
teibn LIQUID CRYSTALLINE
ODDER IN POLYMERS (ACADEM
IC PRESS) or M.I. Gordon Hen L
liquid Crystal Polymers (Sp
Liquider in Ringer-Verlag)
Crystal Polymers with Fl
enable Spacers in Main Cha
In and Shoichi Matsumoto "Liquid Crystal Electronics" (Ohmsha) or Nakata / Hori / Mukao "Introduction to Liquid Crystals" (Kou Shobo).

【0012】本発明にいうフッ素原子を有する置換基と
は、分子鎖に結合される場合には−OCm 2m-nn
(ここでmは1から5、nは2mから2の整数)、液晶
性基に結合される場合は1)フッ素基−F 2)トリフ
ルオロメチル基のような、−Cx y z (ここでxは
1から5の整数、zは0から11の整数、yは2x+1
−zで表される整数)、3)トリフルオロメトキシ基、
ジフルオロメトキシ基のような−OCx y z (ここ
でxは1から5の整数、yは0から10の整数、zは2
x−y+1で表される整数)のようなフッ素原子を1個
以上含めばよい。xとして好ましくは1から2、より好
ましくは1である。zとしては好ましくは0から2、よ
り好ましくは0から1である。
The substituent having a fluorine atom as used in the present invention means -OC m H 2m-n F n - when bonded to a molecular chain.
(Where m is an integer from 1 to 5 and n is an integer from 2m to 2), and when bonded to a liquid crystalline group, 1) fluorine group -F 2) -C x F y H z such as trifluoromethyl group. (Where x is an integer from 1 to 5, z is an integer from 0 to 11, and y is 2x + 1.
-An integer represented by z), 3) a trifluoromethoxy group,
-OC x F y H z such as a difluoromethoxy group (where x is an integer from 1 to 5, y is an integer from 0 to 10 and z is 2
One or more fluorine atoms such as (x-y + 1) may be included. x is preferably 1 to 2, and more preferably 1. z is preferably 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 to 1.

【0013】本発明にいうフッ素原子を有する置換基の
結合位置としては、メソゲンの単環や多環を構成する芳
香族環あるいはヘテロ環のいずれの位置でもよい。特に
メソゲン末端に位置する芳香族環あるいはヘテロ環内が
好ましい。本発明の電気粘性流体は、本発明にいう液晶
性化合物単独で用いてもよい。また、本発明にいう液晶
性化合物に分子鎖および液晶性分子鎖の繰り返しからな
る他の主鎖型液晶性化合物や複数個の液晶性物質を分子
鎖に導入した液晶性化合物を複数成分混合してもよい
し、1個の液晶性物質を分子鎖に導入した液晶性化合物
や低分子液晶、あるいは、シリコーンオイルや一部を変
性したシリコーンオイルなど本発明の液晶性化合物の液
晶性を損なわない希釈剤などを混合してもよい。
The bonding position of the substituent having a fluorine atom referred to in the present invention may be any position of the aromatic ring or the hetero ring constituting the monocycle or polycycle of the mesogen. In particular, an aromatic ring or hetero ring located at the mesogen end is preferable. The electrorheological fluid of the present invention may be used alone as the liquid crystalline compound of the present invention. Further, a liquid crystal compound referred to in the present invention is mixed with a plurality of main chain type liquid crystal compounds composed of repeating molecular chains and liquid crystal molecular chains or a plurality of liquid crystal compounds having a plurality of liquid crystal substances introduced into the molecular chains. The liquid crystal compound of the present invention such as a liquid crystal compound or a low molecular weight liquid crystal in which one liquid crystal substance is introduced into the molecular chain, or a silicone oil or a partially modified silicone oil is not impaired. You may mix a diluent etc.

【0014】屈曲鎖あるいはスペーサーに液晶性基を結
合する結合基としては、メチレン、アミド、ウレタン、
エステル、エーテル、カーボネートなどの結合のいずれ
であってもよく、結合方式に限定されない。スペーサー
としては、アルキレン、シロキサンなど従来公知のもの
を何ら制限なく用いることができる。
As the bonding group for bonding the liquid crystalline group to the bent chain or the spacer, methylene, amide, urethane,
It may be any bond such as ester, ether and carbonate, and is not limited to the bonding method. As the spacer, conventionally known spacers such as alkylene and siloxane can be used without any limitation.

【0015】[0015]

【実施例】以下に実施例をもって本発明を具体的に説明
する。電気粘性流体の基本特性である電気粘性効果の測
定は下記の方法に従った。 (基底粘度および電気粘性効果の測定)プレ−ト対向面
全体が電極を形成するように改造された一対の平行円盤
(下側円盤がモ−タ−に接続して回転、上側円盤がトル
ク計に接続して剪断応力を測定する)をもつプレ−ト*
プレ−ト型の回転粘度計を用い基底粘度および電気粘性
効果を測定した。電極間に試料を挟み、60℃において
剪断速度334sec-1を与え、直流電圧2.0kv/
mmを印加した際の剪断応力を測定した。本発明にいう
発生剪断応力とは、電圧印加による剪断応力の増分のこ
とである。なお、本実施例では、対向部の電極径は32
mm、電極間隙は0. 50mmで測定した。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. The measurement of the electrorheological effect, which is the basic characteristic of the electrorheological fluid, follows the method described below. (Measurement of base viscosity and electrorheological effect) A pair of parallel disks modified so that the entire plate-opposing surface forms an electrode (the lower disk is connected to the motor for rotation, the upper disk is a torque meter). To measure the shear stress)
The base viscosity and the electrorheological effect were measured using a plate type rotational viscometer. The sample is sandwiched between the electrodes, a shear rate of 334 sec −1 is applied at 60 ° C., and a DC voltage of 2.0 kv /
Shear stress was measured when mm was applied. The generated shear stress in the present invention is the increment of the shear stress due to the voltage application. In this embodiment, the electrode diameter of the facing portion is 32.
mm, and the electrode gap was 0.50 mm.

【0016】[0016]

【実施例1,2,3】 1)側鎖型液晶性化合物A,B,Cの合成 水120 に溶解した水酸化カリウム100とエタノー
ル500mlの混合液に、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸99
g、沃化カリウム0.7gを溶解させ、アリルブロマイ
ド86gを滴下して加え、80℃で12時間還流した。
冷却後、水150mlを加えた後、塩酸でpH2とし析
出した沈澱を濾別、エタノールから再結晶し、90gの
生成物Dを得た。
Examples 1, 2, 3 1) Synthesis of Side-Chain Type Liquid Crystalline Compounds A, B, C In a mixed liquid of potassium hydroxide 100 and ethanol 500 ml dissolved in water 120, p-hydroxybenzoic acid 99 was added.
g and potassium iodide 0.7 g were dissolved, allyl bromide 86 g was added dropwise, and the mixture was refluxed at 80 ° C. for 12 hours.
After cooling, 150 ml of water was added, the pH was adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid, and the deposited precipitate was separated by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain 90 g of product D.

【0017】[0017]

【化1】 [Chemical 1]

【0018】生成物D15gに塩化チオニル24mlと
数滴のジメチルホルムアミドを加え、室温で1時間撹拌
して酸クロリド体とし、真空下で過剰の塩化チオニルを
除去した。テトラヒドロフラン(THF)50mlに溶
解した酸クロリド体を、4−トリフルオロメチルフェノ
ール13.8gとトリエチルアミン12gを溶解した0
℃のTHF150mlの中に滴下し、0℃でさらに1時
間撹拌した。THFを真空下で除去し残査をジクロロメ
タンに溶解し水洗した。エタノールから再結晶して23
gの液晶性化合物Eを得た。
To 15 g of the product D, 24 ml of thionyl chloride and a few drops of dimethylformamide were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to give an acid chloride form, and excess thionyl chloride was removed under vacuum. The acid chloride form dissolved in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dissolved in 13.8 g of 4-trifluoromethylphenol and 12 g of triethylamine.
The mixture was added dropwise to 150 ml of THF at 0 ° C, and the mixture was further stirred at 0 ° C for 1 hour. THF was removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water. Recrystallized from ethanol 23
g of liquid crystalline compound E was obtained.

【0019】[0019]

【化2】 [Chemical 2]

【0020】4−トリフルオロメチルフェノールを4−
トリフルオロメトキシフェノールに替えて液晶性化合物
Eの合成法と同様にして化3に示された液晶性化合物F
を合成した。
4-trifluoromethylphenol 4-
Liquid crystal compound F shown in Chemical formula 3 in the same manner as in the synthesis of liquid crystal compound E in place of trifluoromethoxyphenol
Was synthesized.

【0021】[0021]

【化3】 [Chemical 3]

【0022】4−トリフルオロメチルフェノールをp−
シアノフェノールに替えて液晶性化合物Eの合成法と同
様にして化4に示された液晶性化合物Gを合成した。
4-trifluoromethylphenol was added to p-
Instead of cyanophenol, liquid crystal compound G shown in Chemical formula 4 was synthesized in the same manner as in the synthesis method of liquid crystal compound E.

【0023】[0023]

【化4】 [Chemical 4]

【0024】液晶性化合物E8.0gとジメチルシロキ
サン(m)とモノメチルハイドロジェンシロキサン
(n)からなる共重合体シリコーン(m/n=1.4,
重合度約30)4.1gをテトラハイドロフラン(TH
F)に溶解した後、塩化白金酸6水塩3mgを加え60
℃で24時間還流した。THFを除去後、残査をシリカ
ゲルカラム(ワコーゲルC200)で精製して、側鎖型
液晶性化合物Aを10.2g得た。側鎖型液晶性化合物
Aの赤外線吸収スペクトル分析の結果は、Si−Hに基
づく2128cm-1の吸収は消滅しており、かわりにC
OO基に基づく1733cm-1の吸収が生じていた。
A copolymer silicone (m / n = 1.4, composed of 8.0 g of the liquid crystalline compound E, dimethylsiloxane (m) and monomethylhydrogensiloxane (n).
Polymerization degree of about 30) 4.1 g of tetrahydrofuran (TH
After dissolving in F), add 3 mg of hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and add 60
Refluxed at ℃ for 24 hours. After removing THF, the residue was purified by a silica gel column (Wakogel C200) to obtain 10.2 g of a side chain type liquid crystalline compound A. The infrared absorption spectrum of the side-chain liquid crystalline compound A shows that the absorption at 2128 cm −1 based on Si—H has disappeared, and instead of C
Absorption at 1733 cm −1 based on OO groups occurred.

【0025】側鎖型液晶性化合物Aの合成法と同様にし
て、共重合体シリコーン(m/n=1.4,重合度約3
0)10.2gと液晶性化合物F20gから側鎖型液晶
性化合物Bを17.0g合成した。側鎖型液晶性化合物
Aの合成法と同様にして、共重合体シリコーン(m/n
=1.4,重合度約30)9.3gと液晶性化合物F1
9.9gから側鎖型液晶性化合物Cを26.7g合成し
た。
The copolymer silicone (m / n = 1.4, degree of polymerization about 3) was prepared in the same manner as in the synthesis of the side chain type liquid crystalline compound A.
0) 17.0 g of a side chain type liquid crystal compound B was synthesized from 10.2 g of the liquid crystal compound F and 20 g of the liquid crystal compound F. In the same manner as in the synthesis method of the side chain type liquid crystalline compound A, a copolymer silicone (m / n
= 1.4, degree of polymerization about 30) 9.3 g and liquid crystalline compound F1
26.7 g of a side chain liquid crystal compound C was synthesized from 9.9 g.

【0026】[0026]

【化5】 [Chemical 5]

【0027】2)試料の調製 側鎖型液晶性化合物AおよびBおよびCに対して、高級
脂肪酸変成シリコーンTSF410(東芝シリコーン
(株))をそれぞれ50%重量90℃で混合し試料を調
製した。 3)基底粘度および電気粘性効果の測定 結果を表1に示す。電気粘性効果は液晶性化合物A,
B,Cそれぞれを用いた系で大きく発現しており差はな
い。液晶性化合物Cを用いた系では基底粘度が3.69
Pa・Sと高いのに対し、液晶性化合物AおよびBを用
いたフッ素原子を有する置換基を含む系ではそれぞれ
0.21,0.38Pa・Sと低い。
2) Preparation of Samples Higher fatty acid-modified silicone TSF410 (Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) was mixed with each of side chain type liquid crystal compounds A, B and C at 50% weight 90 ° C. to prepare samples. 3) The measurement results of the base viscosity and the electrorheological effect are shown in Table 1. The electrorheological effect is the liquid crystal compound A,
There is no difference because the expression is large in the systems using B and C, respectively. The system using the liquid crystal compound C has a base viscosity of 3.69.
While it is as high as Pa · S, it is as low as 0.21 and 0.38 Pa · S in the systems using the liquid crystal compounds A and B and containing the substituent having a fluorine atom.

【0028】[0028]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0029】[0029]

【発明の効果】本発明は、沈降分離の問題のない均一系
の電気粘性流体で大きな電気粘性効果を損なわないで基
底粘度が低い電気粘性流体である。液晶性基が電界によ
って動きやすく応答速度が速くなる利点がある。また、
基底粘度を下げることによって電圧を印加していない時
のエネルギー損失を抑えることができる。バルブ、クラ
ッチ、ブレーキ、トルクコンバーターなどのコンパクト
で電子制御で作動する新しいアクチュエータに、上記の
問題なく長期間安定に使用することが可能となる。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an electrorheological fluid of a homogeneous system having no problem of sedimentation and separation and having a low base viscosity without impairing a large electrorheological effect. There is an advantage that the liquid crystal group is easily moved by the electric field and the response speed is fast. Also,
By reducing the base viscosity, energy loss when no voltage is applied can be suppressed. The new compact, electronically operated actuators such as valves, clutches, brakes, and torque converters can be used stably for a long period of time without the above problems.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の複数の液晶性基を一つの分子鎖に導入
した液晶性化合物のモデル図である。
FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a liquid crystal compound of the present invention in which a plurality of liquid crystal groups are introduced into one molecular chain.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 液晶性基 2 分子鎖 3 必要により付加される分子鎖 4 スペーサー 1 Liquid crystalline group 2 Molecular chain 3 Molecular chain added as required 4 Spacer

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 FI 技術表示箇所 C10N 40:06 40:08 40:14 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C10N 40:06 40:08 40:14

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 複数個の液晶性基を分子鎖に結合した液
晶性化合物を主成分とする電気粘性流体において、分子
鎖または液晶性基にフッ素原子を有する置換基を含むこ
とを特徴とする電気粘性流体
1. An electrorheological fluid mainly composed of a liquid crystalline compound having a plurality of liquid crystalline groups bonded to a molecular chain, wherein the molecular chain or the liquid crystalline group contains a substituent having a fluorine atom. Electrorheological fluid
【請求項2】 分子鎖が屈曲性分子鎖であることを特徴
とする請求項1の電気粘性流体
2. The electrorheological fluid according to claim 1, wherein the molecular chain is a flexible molecular chain.
JP273193A 1993-01-11 1993-01-11 Electroviscous fluid Withdrawn JPH06207187A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP273193A JPH06207187A (en) 1993-01-11 1993-01-11 Electroviscous fluid

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP273193A JPH06207187A (en) 1993-01-11 1993-01-11 Electroviscous fluid

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06207187A true JPH06207187A (en) 1994-07-26

Family

ID=11537470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP273193A Withdrawn JPH06207187A (en) 1993-01-11 1993-01-11 Electroviscous fluid

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06207187A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08245976A (en) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-24 Nitta Ind Corp Operating fluid for actuator
JP2006307202A (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-11-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Lubricant composition
JP2006307201A (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-11-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Lubricant composition
WO2014111514A1 (en) 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Dwi An Der Rwth Aachen E.V. Treatment of crystalline cellulose-containing substrates

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08245976A (en) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-24 Nitta Ind Corp Operating fluid for actuator
JP2006307202A (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-11-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Lubricant composition
JP2006307201A (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-11-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Lubricant composition
WO2014111514A1 (en) 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Dwi An Der Rwth Aachen E.V. Treatment of crystalline cellulose-containing substrates

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