JPH06167711A - Ferroelectric liquid crystal element - Google Patents

Ferroelectric liquid crystal element

Info

Publication number
JPH06167711A
JPH06167711A JP34095592A JP34095592A JPH06167711A JP H06167711 A JPH06167711 A JP H06167711A JP 34095592 A JP34095592 A JP 34095592A JP 34095592 A JP34095592 A JP 34095592A JP H06167711 A JPH06167711 A JP H06167711A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
substrate
regions
liquid crystal
ferroelectric liquid
vapor deposition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP34095592A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shuzo Kaneko
修三 金子
Katsuhiko Shinjo
克彦 新庄
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP34095592A priority Critical patent/JPH06167711A/en
Publication of JPH06167711A publication Critical patent/JPH06167711A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To stably display a uniform medium contrast by forming picture elements holding ferroelectric liquid crystals between at least a pair of electrode substrates and imparting orientation treatment regions in approximately opposite directions onto at least one electrode substrate. CONSTITUTION:The substrate 1a is nearly flat and columns deposited with inorg. materials, such as SiO and SiO2, by evaporation diagonally from one direction are uniformly formed on the transparent electrode 2a. Regions 5 deposited by evaporation diagonally from the direction nearly opposite from the regions 4 deposited by evaporation diagonally nearly from the same direction as the direction of the substrate 1a are so formed on the substrate 1b as to mingle with the regions 4. Such substrate having the different regions mingling with each other is realized by previously forming roof-shaped ruggedness having a striped pitch on the substrate 1b. Then, the other surface is the shadow of the vapor deposition with respect to the one direction and the column direction in one direction is made dominant with respect to the incident direction. The columns which are dominant in the reverse direction of the other surface are formed if the vapor deposition direction is changed in a reverse direction.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は液晶を用いた光学変調素
子に関し、更に詳しくは、自発分極を有する強誘電性液
晶を用いた素子に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical modulation element using liquid crystal, and more particularly to an element using ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】強誘電性液晶(FLC)はその高速性、
メモリ性などの利点に注目され、表示素子、ライトバル
ブなどに積極的に利用されている。また、この利点を生
かしたターゲットとして、光シャッタアレイ、単純マト
リクス駆動による高精細表示装置、光導電体と組合せた
高密度記録のライトバルブなどが挙げられる。更に、薄
膜トランジスタ(TFT)などを用いたアクティブマト
リクス駆動による画像表示にも期待が寄せられている。
2. Description of the Related Art Ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) has high speed,
Attention has been paid to advantages such as memory performance, and it is actively used in display devices, light valves, and the like. Targets that take advantage of this advantage include optical shutter arrays, high-definition display devices driven by a simple matrix, and light valves for high-density recording combined with photoconductors. Further, there are expectations for image display by active matrix driving using thin film transistors (TFTs) and the like.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】近年FLCの表示能力
を更に高めるために不可欠な課題として、中間調表示が
要望されている。中間調表示方法としては、例えば、一
つの画素内に、白黒のドメインの混在状態を作り出せば
良く、具体的には、特開昭59−192427号公報に
開示されている様に、電極基板の自然発生的なムラ或い
は意図的に微小モザイクパターンを付与したり、特開昭
61−166590号公報に記載されている様に、絶縁
層厚みに階段状分布をつけることにより階調を得る方法
などが有る。更には特開昭62−131225号公報に
記載されている様に、電極上に強誘電体を散在させる方
法、特開昭64−77023号公報に記載の欠陥の多い
配向状態を得る方法などが知られている。
In recent years, halftone display has been desired as an indispensable subject for further enhancing the display capability of FLC. As a halftone display method, for example, a mixed state of black and white domains may be created in one pixel. Specifically, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 192427/1984, an electrode substrate A method of obtaining gradation by giving spontaneous unevenness or intentionally providing a minute mosaic pattern, or by providing a stepwise distribution in the insulating layer thickness as described in JP-A-61-166590. There is. Further, as described in JP-A-62-131225, there are a method of scattering a ferroelectric substance on an electrode, a method of obtaining an alignment state with many defects described in JP-A-64-77023, and the like. Are known.

【0004】上記の様な方法により、中間調状態が実現
できることは確認されているが、更に画素内で均一化さ
れた中間調或いは制御された階調特性が望まれている。
Although it has been confirmed that the halftone state can be realized by the above-mentioned method, it is further desired that the halftone state is uniformed in the pixel or the controlled grayscale characteristic.

【0005】また、コントラストを良好に保つには、な
るべく欠陥の観察されない配向状態が望ましい。これに
ついては、例えばProceedings of th
eSID vol.32/2,1991 p.115〜
120,Hartmannet al./Passiv
e−Matrix−Addressed FELC v
ideo Displayに1画素内に層構造の異なる
領域をAC電圧の印加処理により作り出す方法が開示さ
れているが、安定した中間調を表現するためには、更に
具体的なデバイス構成として安定化させる要因を付与す
る必要が有った。
Further, in order to maintain a good contrast, it is desirable that an alignment state in which no defects are observed is as much as possible. About this, for example, Proceedings of th
eSID vol. 32/2, 1991 p. 115-
120, Hartmann et al. / Passiv
e-Matrix-Addressed FELC v
Although a method of creating regions having different layer structures in one pixel by applying an AC voltage is disclosed in the video display, in order to express a stable halftone, a factor for stabilizing a more specific device configuration is disclosed. Had to be given.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記問題点を
解決した強誘電性液晶素子であって、少なくとも一対の
電極基板間に強誘電性液晶を挟持してなる画素を形成
し、上記電極間に外部電圧を印加することにより、前記
画素を駆動せしめる液晶素子であって、少なくとも上記
一方の電極基板上に略相反方向への配向処理領域を与え
たことに特徴を有する。
The present invention provides a ferroelectric liquid crystal device which solves the above problems, in which a pixel formed by sandwiching a ferroelectric liquid crystal between at least a pair of electrode substrates is formed. A liquid crystal element for driving the pixel by applying an external voltage between the electrodes, characterized in that an alignment treatment region in substantially opposite directions is provided on at least one of the electrode substrates.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例及び作用】図1に本発明の素子構成の一実施例
を示す。図中1a,1bはガラス、プラスチック製の基
板、2a,2bはITO,SnO2 ,In2 等の透明電
極であり、上記基板間には、不図示のシリカ、アルミナ
などのスペーサー材により、約1μm〜3μm程度のギ
ャップを有する様に相対している。
Embodiments and Functions FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the device structure of the present invention. In the figure, 1a and 1b are glass and plastic substrates, 2a and 2b are transparent electrodes such as ITO, SnO 2 and In 2 , and a spacer material such as silica or alumina (not shown) is provided between the substrates. They are opposed to each other with a gap of about 1 μm to 3 μm.

【0008】本発明において特徴的なことは、基板1a
はほぼ平坦であり、透明電極2a上に本実施例ではSi
O,SiO2 などの無機物質を一様に一方向から斜方蒸
着したカラムが形成されているが、他方の基板1bには
上記基板1aとほぼ同方向から斜方蒸着した領域4とほ
ぼ反対方向から斜方蒸着した領域5とが混在する様に形
成したことにある。このように異なる領域が混在した基
板は、図1に示した様に、基板1bに例えば予めストラ
イプ状のピッチを有する屋根状の凹凸を形成しておくこ
とで実現する。即ち、上記SiOなどの斜方蒸着は、図
2に示す様に被蒸着基板21に対して、角度θで蒸着源
から蒸着物質が入射する様に設定するが、この時のθの
値としては80〜85°である。従って、基板1bの様
にストライプ状の凹凸を形成しておけば、一方面に対し
て他方面が蒸着の影になり、入射方向に対し一方向のカ
ラム方向を優勢とすることができ、蒸着方向を逆側に変
えると他方面に逆方向に優勢なカラムを形成することが
できる。
A characteristic of the present invention is that the substrate 1a
Is substantially flat, and in this embodiment Si is formed on the transparent electrode 2a.
A column in which an inorganic substance such as O or SiO 2 is uniformly vapor-deposited from one direction is formed, but the other substrate 1b is almost opposite to the region 4 in which vapor-deposited from the same direction as the substrate 1a. It is formed so that the region 5 obliquely vapor-deposited from the direction is mixed. Such a substrate in which different regions are mixed is realized by forming, for example, roof-like unevenness having a stripe pitch in advance on the substrate 1b as shown in FIG. That is, in the oblique vapor deposition of SiO or the like, the vapor deposition material is set to enter the vapor deposition substrate 21 from the vapor deposition source at an angle θ as shown in FIG. 2, and the value of θ at this time is It is 80 to 85 °. Therefore, if the stripe-shaped unevenness is formed like the substrate 1b, the other surface becomes a shadow of the vapor deposition with respect to the one surface, and the column direction, which is one direction with respect to the incident direction, can be predominant. If the direction is changed to the opposite side, a column predominant in the opposite direction can be formed on the other surface.

【0009】上記の様にカラム方向をほぼ相反方向に変
えた領域を作り込むことで、強誘電性液晶層の層構成
は、理想的には図1に示す様に斜めブックシェルフ構
造、シェブロン構造、及びそれらの構造間をつなぐ中間
的な構造が観測される。
By constructing the regions in which the column directions are almost opposite to each other as described above, the layer structure of the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is ideally an oblique bookshelf structure or a chevron structure as shown in FIG. , And an intermediate structure connecting these structures is observed.

【0010】図3に示した電圧−透過率の関係図におい
て、本発明の構成では、階調特性が同図で示す従来のシ
ェブロンセル(カラムをほぼ平行方向に形成したセル)
の閾値特性と斜めブックシェルフセル(カラムをほぼ反
平行方向に形成したセル)の閾値特性をつなぐ様な傾き
特性(ガンマ特性)が得られる。従って、与える駆動パ
ルスの方式やパルス幅を適宜選択することで、階調特性
を決定することができる。ここで本発明者らが従来のシ
ェブロンセルと斜めブックシェルフセルの特性を比較し
たところ、特に短い幅の中間調書込みパルス(5〜50
μsec)を与えた場合に閾値差が大きく(シェブロン
セルの方が低い閾値)、100μsec〜1msec程
度の長いパルスにおいてはあまり閾値差がないため、特
に、高速で駆動される素子に対する階調性付与に対し本
発明は非常に有利である。
In the voltage-transmittance relationship diagram shown in FIG. 3, in the configuration of the present invention, the conventional chevron cell (the cell in which the columns are formed in substantially parallel directions) has the gradation characteristics shown in FIG.
A gradient characteristic (gamma characteristic) that connects the threshold characteristic of (3) and the threshold characteristic of an oblique bookshelf cell (cell in which columns are formed in substantially antiparallel directions) is obtained. Therefore, the gradation characteristics can be determined by appropriately selecting the method and pulse width of the drive pulse to be given. Here, when the present inventors compared the characteristics of the conventional chevron cell and the diagonal bookshelf cell, the halftone writing pulse (5 to 50
μsec) gives a large threshold difference (chevron cell has a lower threshold), and a long pulse of about 100 μsec to 1 msec does not have a large threshold difference, so that gradation is imparted particularly to a device driven at high speed. On the other hand, the present invention is very advantageous.

【0011】尚、図1に模式的に示した層構造は例えば
スポットを絞ったX線回折の測定等により推測すること
ができる。
The layered structure schematically shown in FIG. 1 can be estimated by, for example, measuring spot-focused X-ray diffraction.

【0012】上記の様な互いにカラム方向が相反した領
域を作る他の方法としては、図2に示す蒸着開口部23
に複数のスリットを設けたデポマスクを配置し、平坦な
基板上に先ず一方向からカラムを縞状に形成した後、モ
ーター24で基板を180°回転させた後、すでに形成
された縞状のカラムの間の未形成領域に逆方向から斜方
蒸着を行なう方法が挙げられる。本発明において斜方蒸
着で形成されるカラムのカラム長としては100〜10
00Å程度で良好な配向を得ることができる。
As another method for forming the above-mentioned regions in which the column directions are opposite to each other, the vapor deposition opening 23 shown in FIG.
A deposition mask having a plurality of slits is arranged on the flat substrate, and the column is first formed in a stripe shape from one direction on a flat substrate, and then the substrate is rotated 180 ° by a motor 24, and then the already formed stripe column is formed. There is a method of performing oblique vapor deposition from the opposite direction to the unformed region between the two. In the present invention, the column length of the column formed by oblique vapor deposition is 100 to 10
A good orientation can be obtained at about 00Å.

【0013】次に、互いに相反する配向規制方向を有す
る領域はラビングによっても形成することができる。図
4に凹凸を形成した一方の基板に対してほぼ相反する方
向からラビングを加える例を示す。図中矢印A〜Cはラ
ビング方向を示す。図4(a)に示した様に、上基板は
矢印Aの一方向にラビングしているが、下基板は矢印B
とCの方向にラビング処理され、その結果、図4(b)
に示した様に、それぞれの領域で優先的なラビング方向
により配向方向が決定し、これにより前述した層構造が
形成される。
Next, regions having mutually opposing alignment regulating directions can also be formed by rubbing. FIG. 4 shows an example in which rubbing is applied to one of the substrates having the concavo-convex formed in directions which are substantially opposite to each other. Arrows A to C in the figure indicate rubbing directions. As shown in FIG. 4A, the upper substrate is rubbed in one direction of arrow A, while the lower substrate is rubbed in the direction of arrow B.
Rubbing is performed in the directions of C and C, and as a result, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (1), the orientation direction is determined by the preferential rubbing direction in each region, whereby the layer structure described above is formed.

【0014】具体的には、例えば30〜1000Åの配
向層を使用する場合の配向層の材質としては、ポリイミ
ド、ポリビニルアルコールなどの従来より知られている
樹脂、或いはシランカップリング材、SiO2 等の無機
膜などが用いられるが、望ましくは使用する液晶分子が
基板に対して適度に高いプレチルトを示す(基板面に対
し5°以上、望ましくは10〜20°)ものの方が階調
性に対して良好な結果が得られる。尚、図4で示す上基
板としては特にラビング等を行なわずとも適度に高いプ
レチルトが得られるものであれば、下基板のラビング処
理により層構造への作用効果が得られると思われ、階調
特性は同様に良好に得ることができる。
Specifically, for example, when an alignment layer having a thickness of 30 to 1000 Å is used, the material of the alignment layer is a conventionally known resin such as polyimide or polyvinyl alcohol, or a silane coupling material, SiO 2 or the like. Inorganic films and the like are used, but it is preferable that the liquid crystal molecules to be used have a reasonably high pretilt with respect to the substrate (5 ° or more with respect to the substrate surface, preferably 10 to 20 °) with respect to gradation. And good results are obtained. If the upper substrate shown in FIG. 4 can obtain an appropriately high pretilt without performing rubbing or the like, it is considered that the rubbing treatment of the lower substrate is effective for the layer structure. Properties can be obtained as well.

【0015】[0015]

【発明の効果】以上説明した様に、本発明の素子は均一
な中間調を安定して表示することができるため、高速
性、メモリ性に優れた強誘電性液晶表示装置において多
段階で精細な階調表示を実現することができる。
As described above, since the device of the present invention can stably display a uniform halftone, it is possible to perform multi-step fine definition in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device excellent in high speed and memory property. It is possible to realize various gradation display.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の液晶素子の一実施例の液晶セル断面該
略図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross section of a liquid crystal cell of an embodiment of a liquid crystal device of the present invention.

【図2】斜方蒸着方法の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an oblique vapor deposition method.

【図3】電圧−透過率の関係図である。FIG. 3 is a voltage-transmittance relationship diagram.

【図4】本発明の液晶素子の他の実施例の液晶セル断面
該略図である。
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross section of a liquid crystal cell of another embodiment of the liquid crystal device of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1a、1b 基板 2a、2b 透明電極 3a、3b 配向層 4、5 蒸着領域 21 被蒸着基板 22 蒸着開口部 23 可動性基板保持部材 24 モーター 1a, 1b Substrates 2a, 2b Transparent electrodes 3a, 3b Alignment layers 4, 5 Vapor deposition area 21 Vapor deposited substrate 22 Vapor deposition opening 23 Movable substrate holding member 24 Motor

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 少なくとも一対の電極基板間に強誘電性
液晶を挟持してなる画素を形成し、上記電極間に外部電
圧を印加することにより、前記画素を駆動せしめる液晶
素子であって、少なくとも上記一方の電極基板上に略相
反方向への配向処理領域を与えたことを特徴とする強誘
電性液晶素子。
1. A liquid crystal element in which a pixel is formed by sandwiching a ferroelectric liquid crystal between at least a pair of electrode substrates and an external voltage is applied between the electrodes to drive the pixel. A ferroelectric liquid crystal element, characterized in that an alignment treatment region in substantially opposite directions is provided on the one electrode substrate.
【請求項2】 配向層が斜方蒸着により設けられている
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の強誘電性液晶素子。
2. The ferroelectric liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment layer is provided by oblique vapor deposition.
【請求項3】 配向処理がラビング処理であることを特
徴とする請求項1記載の強誘電性液晶素子。
3. The ferroelectric liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment treatment is a rubbing treatment.
JP34095592A 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element Withdrawn JPH06167711A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34095592A JPH06167711A (en) 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34095592A JPH06167711A (en) 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06167711A true JPH06167711A (en) 1994-06-14

Family

ID=18341853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP34095592A Withdrawn JPH06167711A (en) 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06167711A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999045430A1 (en) * 1998-03-06 1999-09-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display
US6141077A (en) * 1993-07-27 2000-10-31 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display including pixel electrode(s) designed to improve viewing characteristics
US6362863B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-03-26 Fujitsu Limited Liquid crystal display device with saw-tooth alignment control layer
KR100483402B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2005-08-24 삼성전자주식회사 Wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6141077A (en) * 1993-07-27 2000-10-31 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display including pixel electrode(s) designed to improve viewing characteristics
US6342939B1 (en) 1993-07-27 2002-01-29 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display including pixel electrode (S) designed to improve viewing characteristics
KR100483402B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2005-08-24 삼성전자주식회사 Wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method
WO1999045430A1 (en) * 1998-03-06 1999-09-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display
US6362863B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-03-26 Fujitsu Limited Liquid crystal display device with saw-tooth alignment control layer

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