JPH0616280Y2 - Fluidized bed combustion equipment - Google Patents

Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本考案は、例えばコーヒー粕，ビール粕などの高含水残
渣物を燃焼させる残渣物燃焼装置などの流動床燃焼装置
に関するものであり、詳しくは流動床を複数備えた流動
床燃焼装置の上流側流動床と下流側流動床との間に設け
られるガス分散板のガス噴出ノズルの閉塞がなくなるよ
うに改良した流動床燃焼装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustor such as a residue combustor for combusting highly water-containing residues such as coffee meal and beer meal. The present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustor improved so that the gas ejection nozzles of a gas distribution plate provided between an upstream fluidized bed and a downstream fluidized bed of a fluidized bed combustor having a plurality of fluidized beds are not clogged.

［従来の技術］ 本出願人は先に特願昭６３−２６６２８号において高水
分を含有した廃棄物である例えばコーヒー粕，ビール粕
などの高含水残渣物用の燃焼装置として第８図に示すよ
うな２段式の流動床燃焼装置を提案した。この流動床燃
焼装置の概略を第８図に基づいて説明すると、流動床燃
焼装置は最下段に空気室１、中段に１次流動燃焼室２、
最上段に２次流動燃焼室３が備えられて全体が構成され
ている。空気室１の側方には助燃用バーナ４と燃焼用兼
流動化用空気の導入口７が設けられている。この空気室
１と１次流動燃焼室２の間には、垂直方向に多数の空気
噴出ノズル１０が水冷管１２の間に位置して並置されて
設けられたガス分散板１１が設けられており、空気噴出
ノズル１のガス分散板１１を貫通した上端部にはキャッ
プ１３が設けられている。１次流動燃焼室２は前記空気
室１から空気噴出ノズル１０を通して供給される空気に
よって砂などの流動媒体１４を流動化させて形成させる
１次燃焼流動床１５とその上部の１次燃焼空間１６とで
構成され、さらに１次流動燃焼室２には流動床１５中に
開口されて、残渣物１７を空気輸送させる残渣物供給管
１８が設けられている。なお、１９は残渣物供給装置で
ある。[Prior Art] The present applicant has previously shown in FIG. 8 as a combustion apparatus for a high water content residue such as coffee meal, beer meal and the like, which is a waste containing high moisture in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-26628. Such a two-stage fluidized bed combustor has been proposed. An outline of this fluidized bed combustion device will be described with reference to FIG. 8. The fluidized bed combustion device has an air chamber 1 in the lowermost stage, a primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 in the middle stage,
The secondary flow combustion chamber 3 is provided in the uppermost stage, and the whole is configured. An auxiliary combustion burner 4 and an inlet 7 for combustion and fluidizing air are provided on the side of the air chamber 1. A gas dispersion plate 11 is provided between the air chamber 1 and the primary flow combustion chamber 2, and a large number of air ejection nozzles 10 are vertically arranged between the water cooling pipes 12 and arranged in parallel. A cap 13 is provided on the upper end portion of the air ejection nozzle 1 that penetrates the gas dispersion plate 11. The primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 is formed by fluidizing a fluidized medium 14 such as sand by air supplied from the air chamber 1 through an air jet nozzle 10 to form a primary combustion fluidized bed 15 and a primary combustion space 16 above it. Further, the primary fluidized-bed combustion chamber 2 is provided with a residue supply pipe 18 which is opened in the fluidized bed 15 and pneumatically transports the residue 17. In addition, 19 is a residue supply apparatus.

一方、１次流動燃焼室２と２次流動燃焼室３との間にも
水冷管２４を付設したガス分散板２５が設けられてお
り、この分散板２５を貫通して垂直方向に水冷管１２の
間には多数のガス噴出ノズル２３が設けられている。ガ
ス噴出ノズル２３の上端部にはキャップ２６が設けられ
ている。On the other hand, a gas dispersion plate 25 provided with a water cooling pipe 24 is also provided between the primary flow combustion chamber 2 and the secondary flow combustion chamber 3, and the water cooling pipe 12 is vertically penetrated through the dispersion plate 25. A large number of gas ejection nozzles 23 are provided between them. A cap 26 is provided on the upper end of the gas ejection nozzle 23.

２次流動燃焼室３は１次流動燃焼室２から前記ガス分散
板２５のガス噴出ノズル２３を通して供給される１次流
動燃焼室２での燃焼廃ガスによって砂などの流動媒体２
８を流動化させて形成させる２次燃焼流動床２７と、そ
の上部の２次燃焼空間２９および燃焼ガスの熱回収を行
なう伝熱チューブ３０から構成されており、その上部に
は廃ガス出口３１が設けられている。In the secondary fluidized combustion chamber 3, the fluidized medium 2 such as sand is generated by the combustion waste gas in the primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 supplied from the primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 through the gas jet nozzle 23 of the gas dispersion plate 25.
It is composed of a secondary combustion fluidized bed 27 for fluidizing and forming 8; a secondary combustion space 29 above it; and a heat transfer tube 30 for recovering heat of combustion gas. Is provided.

一方、この燃焼装置の前記ガス分散板２５に設けられる
ガス噴出ノズル２３は第９図にその詳細を示すように、
分散板２５から突出した部分の上端にキャップ２６が設
けられ、その下方には水平方向にガス噴出穴２３ａが穿
設され、キャップ２６はこの噴出穴２３ａ内に流動媒体
２８が流入して下方の１次流動燃焼室２内に落下しない
ようにして構成される。On the other hand, the gas ejection nozzle 23 provided on the gas dispersion plate 25 of this combustion apparatus has the following details as shown in FIG.
A cap 26 is provided at the upper end of the portion projecting from the dispersion plate 25, and a gas ejection hole 23a is formed in the horizontal direction below the cap 26. It is constructed so as not to fall into the primary flow combustion chamber 2.

このような構造の高含水残渣物用の燃焼装置の作動を説
明すると、空気室１から助燃用バーナ４からの燃焼ガス
と流動化用空気を空気分散板１１の空気噴出ノズル１０
から１次流動燃焼室２内に供給して１次燃焼流動床１５
を形成させ、残渣物供給管１８からコーヒー粕などの高
含水残渣物１７を流動床１５中に供給すると、１次燃焼
流動床１５と１次燃焼空間１６で残渣物１７は例えば約
７０％燃焼され、残りの約３０％の未燃分の残渣物およ
び１次流動燃焼室２で発生した灰は上部のガス分散板２
５のガス噴出ノズル２３に入り、その噴出穴２３ａから
２次流動燃焼室３内に導入されて、この２次流動燃焼室
では２次流動床２７が形成され、この２次流動床２７と
２次燃焼空間２９で前記約３０％の残りの残渣物が燃焼
される。そして、燃焼廃ガスの保有熱は伝熱チューブ３
０により吸収されて回収され、蒸気ボイラあるいは温水
ボイラとしても有効に利用される。The operation of the combustion apparatus for a high water content residue having such a structure will be described. The combustion gas and fluidizing air from the air chamber 1 to the auxiliary combustion burner 4 are blown out from the air jet nozzle 10 of the air dispersion plate 11.
Is supplied to the primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 from the primary fluidized bed 15
And a high-water content residue 17 such as coffee grounds is supplied into the fluidized bed 15 from the residue supply pipe 18, the residue 17 is burned in the primary combustion fluidized bed 15 and the primary combustion space 16 by about 70%, for example. The remaining unburned residue of about 30% and the ash generated in the primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 are removed by the upper gas dispersion plate 2
The gas jet nozzle 23 of No. 5 is introduced into the secondary fluidized combustion chamber 3 through the jetting hole 23a, and a secondary fluidized bed 27 is formed in this secondary fluidized combustion chamber. In the next combustion space 29, about 30% of the remaining residue is burned. The heat of combustion waste gas is transferred to the heat transfer tube 3
It is absorbed and recovered by 0 and is effectively used as a steam boiler or a hot water boiler.

［考案が解決しようとする課題］ １次流動燃焼室２でコーヒー粕などの高含水残渣物や石
炭などの固体燃料を燃焼させると、１次流動燃焼室２で
の未燃物や灰は燃焼廃ガスと共に、前記１次流動燃焼室
２と２次流動燃焼室３の間にあるガス分散板２５のガス
噴出ノズル２３内を高速で通過して２次流動燃焼室３内
に流入するが、この過程において第９図に示すように、
ガス噴出ノズル２３内では灰を同伴した燃焼廃ガスがノ
ズル２３頂部のキャップ２６の下面にまず直角方向に高
速流で衝突し、その後、ガス流が反転してキャップ２６
下方のノズル２３の噴出穴２３ａから２次流動燃焼室３
内へ噴出するため、前記キャップ２６の下面への灰の衝
突によりキャップ２６下面に灰の溶着，固着が起こりこ
れが漸次積層していき、ついにはガス噴出穴２３ａを塞
いでしまい、ガスの流れが妨げられて、ガス分散板２５
における差圧が大きくなって燃焼装置の運転ができなく
なるという問題があった。このような灰の溶着は灰の溶
融点が低い残渣物や固定燃料を燃焼させる場合に特に著
しい。また、低燃焼負荷時には、下流側流動床の流動媒
体の流動状態がアンバランスになり、流動媒体の流動化
が悪く、ガスの流れの少ないガス噴出ノズル２３内に灰
がたまり易くなり、その結果高負荷になった時も灰がた
まったままなのでガス分散板２５における差圧が大きく
なって運転できなくなるという問題があった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When high water content residues such as coffee grounds and solid fuels such as coal are burned in the primary fluidized-bed combustion chamber 2, unburned substances and ash in the primary fluidized-bed combustion chamber 2 are burned. Along with the waste gas, it passes through the gas ejection nozzle 23 of the gas dispersion plate 25 between the primary flow combustion chamber 2 and the secondary flow combustion chamber 3 at high speed and flows into the secondary flow combustion chamber 3. In this process, as shown in FIG.
In the gas ejection nozzle 23, the combustion waste gas accompanied by ash first collides with the lower surface of the cap 26 at the top of the nozzle 23 at a high speed in a perpendicular direction, and thereafter, the gas flow is reversed and the cap 26 is discharged.
From the ejection hole 23a of the lower nozzle 23 to the secondary flow combustion chamber 3
Since the ash collides with the lower surface of the cap 26, the ash is welded and adhered to the lower surface of the cap 26, and the ash is gradually laminated, and finally the gas ejection hole 23a is blocked, and the gas flow is prevented. Impeded, gas distribution plate 25
There was a problem that the differential pressure at the point becomes large and the combustion device cannot be operated. Such ash welding is particularly remarkable when burning a residue or fixed fuel having a low ash melting point. Further, when the combustion load is low, the fluidized state of the fluidized medium in the downstream fluidized bed becomes unbalanced, the fluidized medium is poorly fluidized, and ash tends to accumulate in the gas ejection nozzle 23 where the gas flow is small. Since the ash remains accumulated even when the load is high, there is a problem that the differential pressure in the gas dispersion plate 25 becomes large and the operation cannot be performed.

本考案はこのような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであ
り、ガス分散板のガス噴出ノズルの灰の付着や溶着によ
る閉塞をなくし、安定した運転が行なえる流動床燃焼装
置を提供することを目的としている。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a fluidized bed combustion apparatus capable of performing stable operation by eliminating blockage due to adhesion or welding of ash on a gas ejection nozzle of a gas dispersion plate. Has an aim.

［課題を解決するための手段］ 上記目的を達成するために、本考案の流動床燃焼装置
は、上流側の流動床と下流側の流動床の間に、水冷管を
付設し、ガス噴出ノズルを有するガス分散板を備えた流
動床燃焼装置において、前記ガス分散板のガス噴出ノズ
ルを直管で形成し、このガス噴出ノズルを、前記水冷管
の間で、下流側流動床の流動媒体の安息角よりも小さい
角度で傾斜させて多数並置して取付けた流動床燃焼装置
としたものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the fluidized bed combustion apparatus of the present invention has a water cooling pipe between the fluidized bed on the upstream side and the fluidized bed on the downstream side, and has a gas ejection nozzle. In a fluidized bed combustion apparatus equipped with a gas dispersion plate, the gas ejection nozzle of the gas dispersion plate is formed by a straight pipe, and the gas ejection nozzle is provided between the water cooling pipes and the repose angle of the fluidized medium of the downstream fluidized bed is This is a fluidized bed combustion apparatus in which a large number of them are tilted at a smaller angle and are installed side by side.

前記ガス噴出ノズルはその傾斜方向を互いに逆向きにし
て多数取付けても良い。A large number of the gas ejection nozzles may be attached with their inclination directions being opposite to each other.

また、前記ガス噴出ノズルに圧縮ガス導入孔を設けると
後記するようにさらに効果的である。Further, providing a compressed gas introduction hole in the gas ejection nozzle is more effective as described later.

また、前記ガス噴出ノズルの直管の途中に絞り部を形成
し、この絞り部よりもやや下流位置の管壁に圧縮ガス導
入孔を設けることもできる。It is also possible to form a throttle part in the middle of the straight pipe of the gas ejection nozzle and to provide a compressed gas introduction hole in the pipe wall at a position slightly downstream of the throttle part.

［作用］ 上記のように構成された流動床燃焼装置の上流側流動床
からの灰などを伴った燃焼ガスは上流側流動床と下流側
流動床との間に備えられたガス分散板の多数のガス噴出
ノズルに流入してこの中を高流速で流れて下流側流動床
へ排出されるが、このとき各々のガス噴出ノズルは直管
で形成され、ガスとの衝突物がなく、ガスの方向転換が
ないので、灰のノズル内への付着が極力防止され、ガス
がガス噴出ノズル内を円滑に流れ、燃焼装置が安定して
運転される。そして、燃焼装置を休止した時などでもガ
ス噴出ノズルが下流側流動床の流動媒体の安息角よりも
小さい角度で傾斜させて取付けたことにより、ノズル内
を通って下方の上流側流動床へ落下することがなく、上
流側および下流側の流動床の流動媒体も正規の量が維持
され、再稼動が円滑に行なわれる。[Operation] Combustion gas accompanied by ash and the like from the upstream fluidized bed of the fluidized bed combustor configured as described above is provided by a large number of gas distribution plates provided between the upstream fluidized bed and the downstream fluidized bed. Flow into the gas jet nozzles of No. 2 and flow at a high flow velocity in the gas jet nozzles, and are discharged to the downstream fluidized bed.At this time, each gas jet nozzle is formed by a straight pipe, and there is no colliding object with the gas, Since there is no direction change, ash is prevented from adhering to the inside of the nozzle as much as possible, gas flows smoothly through the gas ejection nozzle, and the combustion device operates stably. Then, even when the combustion device is stopped, the gas injection nozzle is installed so as to be tilted at an angle smaller than the repose angle of the fluid medium in the downstream fluidized bed, so that it falls through the nozzle to the upstream fluidized bed below. Therefore, the fluid mediums in the fluidized beds on the upstream side and the downstream side are maintained at regular amounts, and the re-operation is smoothly performed.

また、多数のガス噴出ノズルはその傾斜方向を互いに逆
向きに取付けると、ガスが一方方向にのみ流れて偏流を
起こして下流側流動床の流動媒体の流動化が不均一にな
ることなく、互いに逆向きのノズルから噴出されるガス
が上記流動媒体を均等に吹き上げるので流動化が均等化
され、下流側流動床における燃焼作用などの作用が効率
的に行なわれる。Further, when a large number of gas ejection nozzles are installed with their inclination directions opposite to each other, the gas flows only in one direction and causes a non-uniform flow, so that fluidization of the fluidized medium in the downstream fluidized bed does not become non-uniform. Since the gas ejected from the nozzles in the opposite direction blows up the fluidized medium evenly, fluidization is equalized, and effects such as combustion action in the downstream fluidized bed are efficiently performed.

また、前記ガス噴出ノズルに圧縮ガス導入孔から圧縮空
気などを供給すれば、特に低負荷時には流動化の悪い灰
はノズル内にたまり易くなるが、このような場合でも灰
を圧縮ガスにより容易に吹きとばして清掃することがで
き、安定した運転が行なわれる。Further, if compressed air or the like is supplied to the gas ejection nozzle from the compressed gas introduction hole, ash that is poorly fluidized easily accumulates in the nozzle especially at low load, but even in such a case, the ash can be easily compressed by the compressed gas. It can be blown off for cleaning, and stable operation is performed.

さらに、ガス噴出ノズルの直管の途中に絞り部を形成
し、この絞り部よりも下流位置の管壁に圧縮ガス導入孔
を設けると、ガス噴出ノズルの絞り部より下流側はベン
チュリ効果により負圧となり、圧縮ガス導入孔部の圧力
は常にノズル管外よりも管内の方が低くなるので、下流
側流動床の圧力変動（所謂、息をする現象）による灰の
ガス噴出孔からの排出現象が阻止され、圧縮ガスの供給
をしない時でも灰がガス噴出孔に入って来ることはな
く、ガス噴出孔に灰が付着して噴出孔を閉塞することが
なく、燃焼装置は円滑に運転される。Furthermore, if a throttle part is formed in the middle of the straight pipe of the gas injection nozzle and a compressed gas introduction hole is provided on the pipe wall at a position downstream of this throttle part, the downstream side of the throttle part of the gas injection nozzle is negative due to the Venturi effect. Since the pressure in the compressed gas introduction hole is always lower inside the nozzle than outside the nozzle, ash discharge from the gas outlet due to pressure fluctuations in the downstream fluidized bed (so-called breathing phenomenon) Ash is prevented from entering the gas ejection holes even when compressed gas is not supplied, and the ash does not adhere to the gas ejection holes to block the ejection holes, and the combustion device operates smoothly. It

［実施例］ 以下、第１図〜第７図に基づいて本考案の実施例を説明
する。なお、本実施例においては前記第８図と同一部分
あるいは相当する部分には同一符号を用い、その説明は
省略する。[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. In the present embodiment, the same parts as those in FIG. 8 or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

第１図に示すように、本実施例の流動床燃焼装置は、上
流側の１次流動燃焼室２と下流側の２次流動燃焼室３と
の間に設けるガス分散板３５の構成において、および１
次流動燃焼室２内へ供給する残渣物供給装置をスクリュ
フィーダ３２とした点において第８図に示した例と異な
るものである。As shown in FIG. 1, the fluidized bed combustion apparatus of the present embodiment has a gas dispersion plate 35 provided between the upstream primary fluidized combustion chamber 2 and the downstream secondary fluidized combustion chamber 3, And 1
This is different from the example shown in FIG. 8 in that the screw feeder 32 is used as the residue supply device for supplying the material into the next flow combustion chamber 2.

ガス分散板３５は、第２，３図にその要部を示すように
構成されている。すなわち、燃焼装置の側壁４４外側に
各々側壁に沿って延設させて配置された給水集合管４０
および排出集合管４１との間に、上下に間隔をおいて上
側水冷管３６と下側水冷管３７を前記給水集合管４０あ
るいあは排出集合管４１の長手方向に略等間隔で多数並
置させて、燃焼室を横断させて設け、上側水冷管３６と
下側水冷管３７とをそれぞれその水平方向に隣接する水
冷管同士の間を複数枚の上側平板４２および複数枚の下
側平板４３によって連結させ、かつ、最も外側の水冷管
４２，４３と燃焼装置側壁４４との間を平板４２ａ，４
３ａによって連結して多数の水冷管３６，３７群を支持
固定している。したがって上下の平板４２，４２ａ，４
３，４３ａおよび水冷管３６，３７および側壁４４で包
囲される空間は密閉させた圧縮ガス室４５を形成してい
る（第６図も参照）。一方、平面視で水冷管３６，３７
と水冷管３６，３７の間には上側平板４２と下側平板４
３とを貫通して水冷管３６，３７の長手方向に等ピッチ
で多数本（本実施例では５本）のガス噴出ノズル３８，
３９が傾斜されて取付けられており、水冷管３６，３７
と水冷管３６，３７の間に、全て同一方向に傾斜された
ガス噴出ノズル３８の列と、この列とは全て逆方向に傾
斜されたガス噴出ノズル３９の列が配置されている。こ
のガス噴出ノズル３８，３９は詳細を第４，５図に示す
ように、上段側の２次流動燃焼室３の２次流動床２７の
流動媒体２８の安息角ＲＡよりも小さい角度Ｓで傾斜さ
せて取付けられている。この安息角ＲＡは砂の場合で約
４０度であり、石灰石の場合では約３２度である。各々
のガス噴出ノズル３８，３９には前記圧縮ガス室４５に
位置する部分の管壁に圧縮ガス導入孔４６が設けられて
いる。また、圧縮ガス室４５の側壁には第２，３図に示
すように、圧縮ガス供給管４９が取付けられており、こ
の供給管４９にはフランジを介して自動開閉弁５０が設
置され、さらにこの自動開閉弁５０は空気タンク５１に
接続されている。The gas dispersion plate 35 is constructed as shown in FIG. That is, the water supply collecting pipes 40 are arranged outside the side wall 44 of the combustion device so as to extend along the side wall.
And, a plurality of upper water cooling pipes 36 and lower water cooling pipes 37 are vertically arranged at a substantially equal interval in the longitudinal direction of the water supply collecting pipe 40 or the discharging collecting pipe 41 at substantially equal intervals. And a plurality of upper flat plates 42 and a plurality of lower flat plates 43 are provided between the water cooling pipes adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction so that the upper water cooling pipe 36 and the lower water cooling pipe 37 are provided across the combustion chamber. The flat plates 42a, 4 are connected to each other and between the outermost water cooling pipes 42, 43 and the side wall 44 of the combustion apparatus.
A large number of water cooling pipes 36 and 37 are supported and fixed by being connected by 3a. Therefore, the upper and lower flat plates 42, 42a, 4
The space surrounded by 3, 43a, the water cooling pipes 36, 37 and the side wall 44 forms a closed compressed gas chamber 45 (see also FIG. 6). On the other hand, the water cooling pipes 36, 37 in plan view
Between the water cooling pipes 36 and 37 and the upper flat plate 42 and the lower flat plate 4
3, gas jet nozzles 38 (5 in this embodiment) at equal pitch in the longitudinal direction of the water cooling pipes 36, 37.
The water cooling pipes 36, 37
Between the water cooling pipes 36 and 37 are arranged a row of gas ejection nozzles 38 which are all inclined in the same direction, and a row of gas ejection nozzles 39 which are all inclined in the opposite direction. As shown in detail in FIGS. 4 and 5, the gas ejection nozzles 38 and 39 are inclined at an angle S smaller than the repose angle RA of the fluid medium 28 of the secondary fluidized bed 27 of the upper secondary fluidized combustion chamber 3. It is installed. The angle of repose RA is about 40 degrees for sand and about 32 degrees for limestone. Each of the gas ejection nozzles 38, 39 is provided with a compressed gas introduction hole 46 in the pipe wall of the portion located in the compressed gas chamber 45. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a compressed gas supply pipe 49 is attached to the side wall of the compressed gas chamber 45, and an automatic opening / closing valve 50 is installed in the supply pipe 49 via a flange. This automatic opening / closing valve 50 is connected to an air tank 51.

なお、図中４８は燃焼装置の側壁４４の内面に施される
キャスタブルなどの耐火断熱部材、４７は燃焼室の内壁
を示す。In the figure, reference numeral 48 indicates a refractory heat insulating member such as castable provided on the inner surface of the side wall 44 of the combustion apparatus, and 47 indicates the inner wall of the combustion chamber.

このような構成とされたガス分散板３５を有する燃焼装
置の作動を説明すると、空気室１の助燃用バーナ４を点
火し流動化用空気を空気分散板１１から１次流動燃焼室
２に供給すると、１次流動燃焼室２ではスクリュフィダ
ー残渣物供給装置３２から供給されるコーヒー粕などの
例えば水分を６０〜７０％含む高含水残渣物１７は１次
燃焼流動床１５を主体として乾燥後、燃焼され、１次燃
焼空間１６でも燃焼され、この１次流動燃焼室２で供給
残渣物１７の約７０％が燃焼される。なお、１次燃焼流
動床１５では水分を乾燥させた後、燃焼させるので温度
は８００〜９００℃に保持される。この燃焼廃ガスや灰
や未燃の残渣物はその上部のガス分散板３５に至り、そ
の多数のガス噴出ノズル３８，３９内を通り、２次流動
燃焼室３内に導入される。ガス分散板３５においては、
給水集合管４０から多数の上側水冷管３６内と下側水冷
管３７内に給水され、ガス分散板３５の上側平板４２，
４２ａ、下側平板４３，４３ａ、ガス噴出ノズル３８，
３９を冷却した後、排出集合管４１に送出される。ガス
噴出ノズル３８，３９は直管で形成されているのでノズ
ル内での流れがスムーズであり、灰のノズル内への付着
が極力防止され、１次流動燃焼室２から２次流動燃焼室
３内へ未燃物などが円滑に送られる。２次流動燃焼室３
に導入された残りの約３０％の未燃物は砂からなる流動
媒体２８で形成される２次燃焼流動床２７中で完全燃焼
され、その燃焼熱は伝熱チューブ３０により吸収されて
回収され、蒸気ボイラまたは温水ボイラとして有効に利
用される。熱交換を終えた廃ガスは廃ガス出口３１から
排出される。The operation of the combustion apparatus having the gas dispersion plate 35 having such a structure will be described. The auxiliary combustion burner 4 in the air chamber 1 is ignited to supply fluidizing air from the air distribution plate 11 to the primary flow combustion chamber 2. Then, in the primary fluidized combustion chamber 2, the high water content residue 17 containing, for example, 60 to 70% of water such as coffee grounds supplied from the screw feeder residue supply device 32 is dried mainly in the primary combustion fluidized bed 15, It is burned and also burned in the primary combustion space 16, and about 70% of the feed residue 17 is burned in the primary fluidized combustion chamber 2. In the primary combustion fluidized bed 15, the moisture is dried and then burned, so that the temperature is kept at 800 to 900 ° C. The combustion waste gas, ash, and unburned residue reach the gas dispersion plate 35 above the gas dispersion plate 35, pass through the numerous gas ejection nozzles 38, 39, and are introduced into the secondary flow combustion chamber 3. In the gas dispersion plate 35,
Water is supplied from the water supply collecting pipe 40 into the large number of upper water cooling pipes 36 and the lower water cooling pipes 37, and the upper flat plate 42 of the gas distribution plate 35,
42a, lower flat plates 43, 43a, gas ejection nozzle 38,
After cooling 39, it is delivered to the discharge collecting pipe 41. Since the gas ejection nozzles 38 and 39 are formed by straight pipes, the flow in the nozzle is smooth, and the adhesion of ash to the nozzle is prevented as much as possible, and the primary flow combustion chamber 2 to the secondary flow combustion chamber 3 Unburned materials are smoothly sent inside. Secondary fluidized combustion chamber 3
About 30% of the remaining unburned substances introduced into the reactor are completely combusted in the secondary combustion fluidized bed 27 formed of the fluid medium 28 made of sand, and the heat of combustion is absorbed by the heat transfer tube 30 and recovered. It is effectively used as a steam boiler or hot water boiler. The waste gas that has completed the heat exchange is discharged from the waste gas outlet 31.

なお、この実施例のようにガス噴出ノズル２８とガス噴
出ノズル２９とを逆向きの傾斜をもたせてガスを２次流
動燃焼室３内に導入するようにすれば、流動媒体２８の
流動方向の一方への偏りが極力防止されて流動化が均一
にされ、２次燃焼流動床においてより効率の良い燃焼作
用が行なわれる。そして、第４図に示すようにガス噴出
ノズル２８，２９を２次燃焼流動床２７の流動媒体２８
（本実施例では砂）の安息角ＲＡよりも小さくした角度
Ｓで傾斜させて取付けられているので、運転休止中など
でも砂がガス噴出ノズル２８，２９内を通って下方の１
次燃焼空間１６へ落下することがない。なお、第４図に
示すように、砂はガス噴出ノズル３８の上方位置のＡ点
において落下を阻止され、それ以降に落ちることはな
い。If the gas jet nozzle 28 and the gas jet nozzle 29 are inclined in opposite directions to introduce the gas into the secondary flow combustion chamber 3 as in this embodiment, the flow direction of the fluid medium 28 can be changed. The bias toward one side is prevented as much as possible, the fluidization is made uniform, and more efficient combustion action is performed in the secondary combustion fluidized bed. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the gas ejection nozzles 28 and 29 are connected to the fluidized medium 28 of the secondary combustion fluidized bed 27.
Since it is mounted so as to be inclined at an angle S smaller than the angle of repose RA of (sand in this embodiment), the sand passes through the gas ejection nozzles 28 and 29 and remains in the lower position even when the operation is stopped.
It does not fall into the next combustion space 16. As shown in FIG. 4, the sand is prevented from falling at point A above the gas ejection nozzle 38, and does not fall thereafter.

一方、運転停止後、自動開閉弁５０を開いて空気タンク
５１から圧縮空気などの圧縮ガスを供給管４９を介して
ガス室４５に供給すると、全てのガス噴出ノズル３８，
３９の圧縮ガス導入孔４６からノズル３８，３９内に圧
縮ガスが導入され、ノズル３８，３９内の灰などの残留
物を吹きとばしてノズル３８，３９内が清掃される。On the other hand, after the operation is stopped, when the automatic opening / closing valve 50 is opened and compressed gas such as compressed air is supplied from the air tank 51 to the gas chamber 45 through the supply pipe 49, all the gas ejection nozzles 38,
Compressed gas is introduced into the nozzles 38, 39 from the compressed gas introduction hole 46 of 39, and the residue such as ash in the nozzles 38, 39 is blown off to clean the inside of the nozzles 38, 39.

この作動は運転停止時に行なう場合に限らず、通常の運
転中でも一定時間毎に自動開閉弁５０を開いて瞬間的に
圧縮空気を供給することにより、常にノズル３８，３９
内をきれいに保った運転をするようにすることもできる
し、また、低負荷運転中にこのような作動を行なえば、
流動化の悪い灰のノズル３８，３９内への滞留を防止す
ることができ、安定して運転が行なわれ、特に効果的で
ある。This operation is not limited to when the operation is stopped, and during normal operation, the automatic opening / closing valve 50 is opened to supply compressed air momentarily, so that the nozzles 38 and 39 are constantly operated.
It is possible to keep the inside clean, and if you perform such an operation during low load operation,
This is particularly effective because it is possible to prevent ash having poor fluidization from staying in the nozzles 38 and 39, and to perform stable operation.

特に、コーヒー粕，ビール粕などの残渣物を燃焼させる
場合には、これらの灰（Ｋ_２Ｏが多い）は融点が低く固
着しやすい性質を有しているが、このようなガス噴出ノ
ズル３８，３９の構造を採用したことによって、ノズル
内の灰の付着がなく、長期安定運転が可能になった。In particular, when burning residue such as coffee meal and beer meal, these ash (which has a large amount of K ₂ O) has a low melting point and has a property of being easily fixed. By adopting the structure of No. 39, no ash adhered to the inside of the nozzle and long-term stable operation became possible.

なお、以上の実施例では圧縮ガス室４５は周囲が燃焼装
置の側壁４４で囲まれる１個の室で形成した場合を示し
たが、このガス室４５は上側水冷管３６と下側水冷管３
７の間に上下方向に平板を入れて連結し、これを上側，
下側水冷管３６，３７の長手方向と直角方向に一定間隔
で施して区画された複数のガス室４５として形成し、各
々のガス室４５に圧縮ガス供給管や自動開閉弁を設けて
空気タンクなどの圧縮ガス供給源と接続させて構成して
も良い。このようにすれば、特に大型の燃焼装置におい
てはガス噴出ノズル３８，３９の圧縮ガス導入孔４６へ
の圧縮ガスの供給がより均等に行なえ、確実な作動が行
なえる。In the above embodiment, the compressed gas chamber 45 is formed by a single chamber surrounded by the side wall 44 of the combustion device. However, the gas chamber 45 includes the upper water cooling pipe 36 and the lower water cooling pipe 3.
Put a flat plate in the vertical direction between 7 and connect them.
The lower water cooling pipes 36, 37 are formed as a plurality of gas chambers 45 which are divided at regular intervals in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and each gas chamber 45 is provided with a compressed gas supply pipe and an automatic opening / closing valve to provide an air tank. It may be configured to be connected to a compressed gas supply source such as. With this configuration, particularly in a large-sized combustion device, the compressed gas can be supplied to the compressed gas introduction holes 46 of the gas ejection nozzles 38 and 39 more uniformly, and a reliable operation can be performed.

また、水冷管３６，３７は集合給水管４０と集合排出管
４１との間を一本ずつ個々に連結して配設した場合を示
したが、この代りに、例えば第２図において二点鎖線Ｕ
で示すように、平面視で相隣る水冷管３６の端部を順次
異なる側で交互Ｕ字状管Ｕで接続してジグザグ状の水冷
管とし、１本の水冷管から導入される給水が順次ガス分
散板３５内でジグザグ状に循環されて、１本の水冷管か
ら排出させるように構成しても良い。Further, although the water cooling pipes 36 and 37 are arranged by connecting the collective water supply pipe 40 and the collective discharge pipe 41 individually one by one, instead of this, for example, in FIG. U
As shown in, the end portions of the water cooling pipes 36 adjacent to each other in a plan view are sequentially connected on different sides by alternate U-shaped pipes U to form a zigzag water cooling pipe, and water supplied from one water cooling pipe is supplied. The gas may be sequentially circulated in the gas dispersion plate 35 in a zigzag manner and discharged from one water cooling pipe.

第７図は、ガス噴出ノズルを、直管の途中に絞り部５５
ａを形成し、この絞り部５５ａよりもガス流の下流側に
圧縮ガス導入孔５５ｂを形成したガス噴出ノズル５５と
した場合を示すものである。絞り部５５ａおよび圧縮ガ
ス導入孔５５ｂは圧縮ガス室４５内に位置している。FIG. 7 shows a gas injection nozzle with a narrowed portion 55 in the middle of a straight pipe.
It shows a case where the gas ejection nozzle 55 is formed by forming a and forming a compressed gas introduction hole 55b on the downstream side of the gas flow from the narrowed portion 55a. The narrowed portion 55 a and the compressed gas introduction hole 55 b are located inside the compressed gas chamber 45.

このようにガス噴出ノズル５５を構成すると、圧縮ガス
導入孔５５ｂ部におけるノズル５５内のＢ点の圧力はベ
ンチュリ効果によりノズル５５外のＣ点の圧力よりも低
く保つことが可能となるので、すなわち、圧力はＣ点が
高くＢ点が低くなるので、圧縮空気の供給を行なってい
ない時でも、灰が圧縮ガス導入孔５５ｂを通ってノズル
５５内から外へ排出されることが防止され、このため圧
縮ガス導入孔５５ｂの灰の溶着による閉塞を防止するこ
とができる。このような構成のノズル５５を採用する
と、２次燃焼流動床２７の圧力変動による灰のノズル５
５内への浸入に伴なう圧縮ガス導入孔５５ｂの閉塞防止
に効果的である。すなわち、１次流動燃焼室２の圧力は
例えば＋４００〜５００ｍｍＡｑであり、ノズル５５出
口の圧力は例えば＋３００〜４００ｍｍＡｑであるが、
ここでは、例えば±５０〜１００ｍｍＡｑの数ヘルツの
圧力変動がおこり、灰が圧縮ガス導入孔５５ｂを出入り
するような状況になって圧縮ガス室４５内に溜まり易く
なる状態となるが、このような現象が発生しても灰の圧
縮ガス導入孔５５ｂ内への浸入を防止することができ
る。When the gas ejection nozzle 55 is configured in this way, the pressure at the point B in the nozzle 55 in the compressed gas introduction hole 55b can be kept lower than the pressure at the point C outside the nozzle 55 by the Venturi effect. Since the pressure is high at point C and low at point B, ash is prevented from being discharged from the inside of the nozzle 55 through the compressed gas introduction hole 55b even when compressed air is not being supplied. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the compressed gas introduction hole 55b from being blocked by welding of ash. When the nozzle 55 having such a configuration is adopted, the ash nozzle 5 due to the pressure fluctuation of the secondary combustion fluidized bed 27
It is effective for preventing the compressed gas introduction hole 55b from being blocked due to the intrusion into That is, the pressure in the primary flow combustion chamber 2 is, for example, +400 to 500 mmAq, and the pressure at the nozzle 55 outlet is, for example, +300 to 400 mmAq.
Here, for example, a pressure fluctuation of several hertz of ± 50 to 100 mmAq occurs, and the ash flows into and out of the compressed gas introduction hole 55b to easily accumulate in the compressed gas chamber 45. Even if a phenomenon occurs, it is possible to prevent the invasion of ash into the compressed gas introduction hole 55b.

以上の実施例においては、流動床燃焼装置が、上流側流
動床を１次燃焼流動床１５とし、下流側流動床を２次燃
焼流動床２７とした高含水残渣物用の燃焼装置である場
合について説明したが、本考案は上流側流動床で石炭な
どの固形燃料を燃焼させると共に、ここに伝熱チューブ
を配置して流動床との接触により熱を有効に吸収しうる
ようにし、かつ、下流側流動床を石灰石などの脱硫剤か
らなる流動媒体で形成される脱硫床とし、この脱硫床で
上流側流動床での燃焼廃ガスの脱硫を行ないうるように
した流動床ボイラであっても良い。In the above embodiments, the fluidized bed combustor is a combustor for high water content residue in which the upstream fluidized bed is the primary combustion fluidized bed 15 and the downstream fluidized bed is the secondary combustion fluidized bed 27. However, according to the present invention, solid fuel such as coal is burned in the upstream fluidized bed, and a heat transfer tube is disposed here so that heat can be effectively absorbed by contact with the fluidized bed, and Even in a fluidized bed boiler, the downstream fluidized bed is a desulfurization bed formed of a fluid medium composed of a desulfurizing agent such as limestone, and this desulfurization bed can desulfurize combustion waste gas in the upstream fluidized bed. good.

また、前記のガス噴出ノズル３８，３９，５５の圧縮ガ
ス導入孔４６，５５ｂに供給する圧縮ガスとしては燃焼
用空気導入口７から一部を取出した２次空気であっても
良く、これを圧縮ガス導入孔４６，５５ｂへ常時供給す
るようにしたり、また、圧縮空気と併用して供給するよ
うにしても良い。このように２次空気を供給すれば、ノ
ズル３８，３９，５５の清掃のみならず、下流側流動床
の温度調整やＮＯｘの調整などを同時に行なうことがで
きる。Further, the compressed gas supplied to the compressed gas introduction holes 46, 55b of the gas ejection nozzles 38, 39, 55 may be secondary air partially taken out from the combustion air introduction port 7. It may be always supplied to the compressed gas introduction holes 46, 55b, or may be supplied together with the compressed air. By supplying the secondary air in this way, not only the cleaning of the nozzles 38, 39, 55 but also the temperature adjustment of the downstream fluidized bed and the NOx adjustment can be performed at the same time.

［考案の効果］ 以上詳述したように、本考案は次のような優れた効果を
有する。[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the present invention has the following excellent effects.

請求項１の流動床燃焼装置においては上流側流動床の燃
焼廃ガスがガス分散板の直管で形成したガス噴出ノズル
内をスムーズに流れ、燃焼灰などがガス噴出ノズル内部
に付着固化してノズルを塞ぐことが極力阻止されると共
に、ガス噴出ノズルから下流側流動床の流動媒体が下方
の上流側流動床へ排出されることがないので、燃焼装置
を長期にわたって安定して運転することができる。In the fluidized bed combustor according to claim 1, the combustion waste gas in the upstream fluidized bed smoothly flows in the gas ejection nozzle formed by the straight pipe of the gas dispersion plate, and combustion ash and the like adhere and solidify inside the gas ejection nozzle. Since the blocking of the nozzle is prevented as much as possible and the fluid medium in the downstream fluidized bed is not discharged from the gas ejection nozzle to the upstream fluidized bed below, it is possible to operate the combustion device stably for a long period of time. it can.

請求項２の流動床燃焼装置では、下流側流動床の流動化
状態をより均等にすることができるので、ここでの燃焼
作用や脱硫作用を一層良好に行なうことができる。・ 請求項３の流動床燃焼装置では、ガス噴出ノズル内へ浸
入しようとする灰を吹き飛ばして清掃することができる
ので灰が付着することがない。特に、低負荷運転時の流
動化の悪い部分のノズルへの灰の進入作用があっても効
率良く灰をノズル外へ排出させるので一層安定して運転
が行なえる。In the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to the second aspect, the fluidized state of the downstream fluidized bed can be made more uniform, so that the combustion action and desulfurization action here can be more favorably performed. In the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to the third aspect, since the ash that is about to enter the gas ejection nozzle can be blown off and cleaned, the ash does not adhere. In particular, even when there is an action of ash entering the nozzle in a portion where fluidization is poor during low-load operation, the ash is efficiently discharged to the outside of the nozzle, so that more stable operation can be performed.

請求項４の流動床燃焼装置では、運転中に自然にガス噴
出ノズルの圧縮ガス導入孔への灰の浸入が防止され、常
に圧縮ガス導入孔が開口された状態を維持することがで
きるので、確実に圧縮ガスによりノズル内を清掃するこ
とができ、ノズル内を常にスムーズにガスが流れる。し
たがって、長期にわたり安定して運転が行なえる。In the fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to claim 4, ash is naturally prevented from entering the compressed gas introduction hole of the gas ejection nozzle during operation, and the compressed gas introduction hole can always be kept open. The inside of the nozzle can be reliably cleaned with compressed gas, and the gas always flows smoothly inside the nozzle. Therefore, stable operation can be performed for a long period of time.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第１図から第７図は本考案の実施例を示すものであり、
第１図は高含水残渣物用の燃焼装置の全体を示す概略縦
断面図、第２図はガス分散板を示す平面図、第３図は第
２図のIII〜III線矢視断面図、第４図はガス分散板の要
部拡大縦断正面図、第５図は第４図の平面図、第６図は
第５図のVI〜線断面図、第７図は絞り部を形成したガス
噴出ノズルを示す縦断正面図、第８図は従来の燃焼装置
を示す縦断面図、第９図は従来のガス噴出ノズルの構造
を示す縦断面図である。 １……空気室、２……１次流動燃焼室、 ３……２次流動燃焼室、 １５……１次燃焼流動床（上流側）、 ２７……２次燃焼流動床（下流側）、 ２８……流動媒体（下流側） ３５……ガス分散板、３６，３７……水冷管、 ３８，３９，５５……ガス噴出ノズル、 ４５……圧縮ガス室、 ５５ｂ，４６……圧縮ガス供給孔、 ＲＡ……流動媒体安息角、 Ｓ……ガス噴出ノズル傾斜角。1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the whole combustion apparatus for high water content residue, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a gas dispersion plate, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical front view of an essential part of the gas dispersion plate, FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI--VI of FIG. 5, and FIG. FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view showing a jet nozzle, FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view showing a conventional combustion device, and FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view showing a structure of a conventional gas jet nozzle. 1 ... Air chamber, 2 ... Primary fluidized combustion chamber, 3 ... Secondary fluidized combustion chamber, 15 ... Primary combustion fluidized bed (upstream side), 27 ... Secondary combustion fluidized bed (downstream side), 28 ... Fluid medium (downstream side) 35 ... Gas dispersion plate, 36, 37 ... Water cooling pipe, 38, 39, 55 ... Gas ejection nozzle, 45 ... Compressed gas chamber, 55b, 46 ... Compressed gas supply Aperture, RA ... Angle of repose of flowing medium, S ... Angle of gas ejection nozzle inclination.

Claims (4)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】[Scope of utility model registration request] 【請求項１】上流側の流動床と下流側の流動床の間に、
水冷管を付設し、ガス噴出ノズルを有するガス分散板を
備えた流動床燃焼装置において、前記ガス分散板のガス
噴出ノズルを直管で形成し、このガス噴出ノズルを、前
記水冷管の間で、下流側流動床の流動媒体の安息角より
も小さい角度で傾斜させて多数並置して取付けたことを
特徴とする流動床燃焼装置。1. Between the fluidized bed on the upstream side and the fluidized bed on the downstream side,
In a fluidized bed combustion apparatus provided with a water cooling pipe and having a gas dispersion plate having a gas ejection nozzle, the gas ejection nozzle of the gas dispersion plate is formed by a straight pipe, and the gas ejection nozzle is provided between the water cooling pipes. A fluidized bed combustor, wherein a plurality of fluidized bed combustors are tilted at an angle smaller than the repose angle of the fluidized medium in the downstream side fluidized bed and installed in parallel. 【請求項２】前記ガス噴出ノズルはその傾斜方向を互い
に逆向きにして多数取付けたことを特徴とする請求項１
記載の流動床燃焼装置。2. A plurality of the gas ejection nozzles are mounted with their inclination directions being opposite to each other.
A fluidized bed combustion apparatus as described. 【請求項３】前記ガス噴出ノズルに圧縮ガス導入孔を設
けたことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の流動床燃
焼装置。3. The fluidized bed combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas jet nozzle is provided with a compressed gas introduction hole. 【請求項４】前記ガス噴出ノズルの直管の途中に絞り部
を形成し、この絞り部よりもやや下流位置の管壁に圧縮
ガス導入孔を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１または２
記載の流動床燃焼装置。4. A narrowed portion is formed in the middle of the straight pipe of the gas jet nozzle, and a compressed gas introduction hole is provided in the pipe wall at a position slightly downstream of the narrowed portion.
A fluidized bed combustion apparatus as described.