JPH06142672A - Microorganism immobilizing carrier - Google Patents
Microorganism immobilizing carrierInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06142672A JPH06142672A JP4295065A JP29506592A JPH06142672A JP H06142672 A JPH06142672 A JP H06142672A JP 4295065 A JP4295065 A JP 4295065A JP 29506592 A JP29506592 A JP 29506592A JP H06142672 A JPH06142672 A JP H06142672A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- microorganism
- hydroxyapatite
- synthetic resin
- microorganisms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、微生物固定化担体に関
し、詳細には、下水、廃水、し尿等の汚水を生物学的に
処理する生物反応処理槽に懸濁させて使用する微生物固
定化担体であって、菌体（即ち微生物）を付着する微生
物固定化担体に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carrier for immobilizing microorganisms, and more specifically, it is used for immobilizing microorganisms by suspending sewage such as sewage, wastewater and human waste in a biological reaction treatment tank for biological treatment. The present invention relates to a carrier, which is a carrier on which microorganisms (that is, microorganisms) adhere, on which a microorganism is immobilized.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】下水や廃水等の汚水の処理法として、各
種方法が知られているが、微生物の浄化機能を利用した
生物学的処理法が最も一般的である。該生物学的処理法
には、生物反応処理槽（以降、処理槽という）に空気を
吹き込む好気法と、吹き込まない嫌気法とがある。2. Description of the Related Art Various methods are known as methods for treating sewage such as sewage and waste water, but biological treatment methods utilizing the purification function of microorganisms are the most common. The biological treatment method includes an aerobic method in which air is blown into a biological reaction treatment tank (hereinafter referred to as a treatment tank) and an anaerobic method in which air is not blown.
【０００３】上記処理槽での微生物と汚水中汚染物質と
の接触方法として、微生物をフロック状に浮遊させる方
式が一般的に採用される。該微生物浮遊方式は活性汚泥
法と総称され、反応効率を上げるために図６に示す如
く、後続の沈殿池４で沈降した汚泥６、即ち微生物を含
有する活性汚泥６の一部を処理槽２に返送するものであ
る。しかし、この返送量を多くすると沈殿池４での汚泥
６の沈降性が悪くなるので、返送量は制限され、そのた
め処理槽２での汚泥６の濃度は約3000ppm 以下に制限さ
れ、汚水の処理を効率的（滞留時間が長くなる）に行い
得ない。そこで、最近では図５に例示する如く、処理槽
２に、簡単なスクリーン15で分離可能な所定の大きさの
微生物固定化担体、又は、比重や磁気で分離可能な微生
物固定化担体17を懸濁させ、これにより微生物濃度を高
めて生物反応の効率を上昇させ、且つ固液分離を容易に
する方法が試みられている。かかる方法は嫌気法におい
ても適用し得る。As a method for contacting microorganisms with pollutants in wastewater in the treatment tank, a method of suspending the microorganisms in a floc shape is generally adopted. The microorganism suspension method is generally called an activated sludge method, and in order to improve reaction efficiency, as shown in FIG. 6, a sludge 6 settled in a subsequent settling tank 4, that is, a part of the activated sludge 6 containing microorganisms is treated in a treatment tank 2 It will be returned to. However, if the amount of returned sludge is increased, the settling property of the sludge 6 in the settling basin 4 deteriorates. Therefore, the amount of returned sludge is limited. Therefore, the concentration of the sludge 6 in the treatment tank 2 is limited to about 3000 ppm or less, and the treatment of wastewater Cannot be performed efficiently (the residence time becomes long). Therefore, recently, as illustrated in FIG. 5, a microorganism immobilization carrier of a predetermined size that can be separated by a simple screen 15 or a microorganism immobilization carrier 17 that can be separated by specific gravity or magnetism is suspended in the treatment tank 2. Attempts have been made to make the solution turbid, thereby increasing the concentration of microorganisms to increase the efficiency of biological reaction and facilitating solid-liquid separation. Such a method can also be applied to the anaerobic method.
【０００４】有機物の除去は好気法、嫌気法のいづれの
方法においても可能である。ところが、アンモニア窒素
の除去には好気での硝化（アンモニアの硝酸、亜硝酸
化）及び嫌気での脱窒（硝酸、亜硝酸の窒素ガスへの分
解）が必要であり、これらの反応の担い手である硝化菌
や脱窒菌は BOD成分酸化菌に比べて成長速度が遅いた
め、 BOD成分除去を目的とした標準活性汚泥法では、図
７に示す如く、上記菌は沈殿池４から引抜かれる余剰汚
泥として流出し、そのため処理槽の脱窒槽７及び硝化槽
８に必要な硝化菌及び脱窒菌濃度を維持し得ない。そこ
で、上記菌の滞留時間を長くする等の対策が必要とな
り、その方法として窒素除去まで対象とした所謂活性汚
泥循環変法があり、この方法での滞留時間は脱窒槽７と
硝化槽８とで合わせて平均16時間であって標準活性汚泥
法のそれの約２倍となる。かかる活性汚泥循環変法の脱
窒槽７及び硝化槽８にも微生物固定化担体を懸濁させて
反応効率を向上させることが試みられている。The removal of organic substances is possible by either aerobic method or anaerobic method. However, removal of ammonia nitrogen requires aerobic nitrification (ammonia nitric acid, nitrite) and anaerobic denitrification (decomposition of nitric acid and nitrous acid to nitrogen gas), and these are responsible for these reactions. Since the nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria have a slower growth rate than the BOD component oxidizing bacteria, in the standard activated sludge method for removing BOD components, the surplus bacteria are extracted from the settling tank 4 as shown in FIG. It flows out as sludge, and therefore the concentration of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria required in the denitrification tank 7 and the nitrification tank 8 of the treatment tank cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as prolonging the residence time of the above-mentioned bacteria, and as a method therefor, there is a so-called activated sludge circulation modification method for removing nitrogen. In total, the average time is 16 hours, which is about twice that of the standard activated sludge method. It has been attempted to suspend the microorganism-immobilized carrier also in the denitrification tank 7 and the nitrification tank 8 of the modified activated sludge circulation method to improve the reaction efficiency.
【０００５】従来、上記微生物固定化担体としては、処
理槽への投入前に微生物をプラスチックゲル内に閉じ込
めるように合成する包括固定化法による方式のもの（以
降、包括固定型担体という）と、処理槽内で微生物を粒
子の表面に付着する結合法による方式のもの（以降、結
合型担体という）とがある。包括固定化法のゲルにはPV
A やPEG がよく使用される。結合法の粒子即ち担体に
は、プラスチック粒子や表面での微生物の担持性を向上
するために特殊加工したもの（主にスクリーン分離方式
用）、砂、活性炭、高炉スラグ、セラミックス（沈降分
離方式用）、或いはマグネタイト（磁気分離方式用）等
がある。尚、結合型担体（粒子）は処理槽に投入後、該
粒子の表面に微生物が付着し、固定化される。Conventionally, as the above-mentioned microorganism-immobilized carrier, a method by a comprehensive immobilization method in which microorganisms are synthesized so as to be confined in a plastic gel before being put into a treatment tank (hereinafter referred to as comprehensive-immobilized carrier), There is a method by a binding method for attaching microorganisms to the surface of particles in a treatment tank (hereinafter referred to as a binding type carrier). PV for the gel of the comprehensive immobilization method
A and PEG are often used. Particles or carriers used in the binding method are plastic particles or specially processed to improve the ability of microorganisms to be supported on the surface (mainly for screen separation method), sand, activated carbon, blast furnace slag, ceramics (for sedimentation separation method). ), Or magnetite (for magnetic separation method). Incidentally, after the bound carrier (particles) is put into a treatment tank, microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of the particles and are immobilized.
【０００６】上記包括固定型担体又は結合型担体は、処
理槽に投入され、懸濁させて使用される。このとき、余
剰汚泥は処理槽から槽外へ流出させ沈殿除去するが、こ
の沈殿汚泥の一部を処理槽に返送して該汚泥と担体とを
混在させるようにしたものと、かかる沈殿汚泥の返送を
せずに、一部存在する剥離汚泥を利用するものとがあ
る。The entrapping immobilization type carrier or the binding type carrier is put into a treatment tank and suspended for use. At this time, the surplus sludge is discharged from the treatment tank to the outside of the tank by sedimentation and removal, but a part of the sedimentation sludge is returned to the treatment tank so that the sludge and the carrier are mixed, and In some cases, some of the existing sludge is used without returning it.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、前記従来の
微生物固定化担体の中、結合型担体においては、処理槽
に投入後の微生物の付着（馴養）に、通常２〜３週間か
かり、長期間を要するという問題点がある。この対策と
して微生物が付着し易い担体（粒子）にして馴養期間を
短縮すればよいが、この場合は担体（粒子）の表面に凹
凸を形成する等の特殊加工が必要であって担体の製造が
大変難しく、且つ、その製造に長時間を要すると共に経
済性の大幅な低下を招くという問題点がある。However, in the above-mentioned conventional microorganism-immobilized carriers, in the case of the bound carrier, it usually takes 2 to 3 weeks for adhesion (acclimation) of the microorganisms after being added to the treatment tank, and it takes a long time. There is a problem that it requires. As a countermeasure against this, it is necessary to use a carrier (particles) to which microorganisms are easily attached to shorten the acclimation period, but in this case, special processing such as forming irregularities on the surface of the carrier (particles) is required, and the carrier is not manufactured. There is a problem that it is very difficult, requires a long time for its production, and causes a significant decrease in economic efficiency.
【０００８】一方、包括固定型担体においては、担体の
製造工程が複雑であると共に、高分子のゲル化過程で微
生物を関与させるために微生物を安定して固定化するこ
とが難しく、担体の初期特性が不安定になり易いという
問題点がある。又、保存等に特別の措置が必要である。
更に、担体内部にも微生物が含まれているが、実際に汚
水処理に適用すると、担体表面に微生物が付着生息する
ため、担体内部は酸欠状態になったり、汚濁物質（微生
物の栄養源）が浸透しなかったりして、実質的には担体
表面の微生物のみが有効であり、担体内部の微生物があ
まり働かず、従って反応効率が悪いという欠点がある。
この対策として担体（ゲル）をスポンジ状の多孔質構造
にすることが考えられるが、それは極めて困難であって
実現し難い。On the other hand, in the entrapping immobilization type carrier, the manufacturing process of the carrier is complicated, and it is difficult to stably immobilize the microorganisms because the microorganisms are involved in the gelling process of the polymer. There is a problem that the characteristics tend to be unstable. In addition, special measures such as preservation are required.
In addition, although the inside of the carrier also contains microorganisms, when actually applied to wastewater treatment, the microorganisms adhere to the surface of the carrier and become deficient in the inside of the carrier and pollutants (nutrient source of microorganisms). However, the microorganisms on the surface of the carrier are substantially effective, and the microorganisms inside the carrier do not work so much, and thus the reaction efficiency is low.
As a countermeasure against this, it is considered that the carrier (gel) has a sponge-like porous structure, but this is extremely difficult and difficult to realize.
【０００９】本発明はこの様な事情に着目してなされた
ものであって、その目的は前記従来技術の有する問題点
を解消し、前記従来の結合型担体に比し、担体表面に凹
凸等の特殊加工を施さなくても、馴養期間（処理槽に投
入後の微生物の付着期間）を短縮化し得、又、前記従来
の包括固定型担体に比し、担体の製造工程が簡単である
と共に、スポンジ状の多孔質構造にし得て反応効率の向
上を図り得る結合型の微生物固定化担体を提供しようと
するものである。The present invention has been made by paying attention to such a situation, and an object thereof is to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art and to make the surface of the carrier uneven or the like as compared with the conventional bonded carrier. The acclimation period (adhesion period of microorganisms after being put into the treatment tank) can be shortened without performing any special processing, and the manufacturing process of the carrier is simpler than the conventional entrapping fixed carrier. Another object of the present invention is to provide a binding-type microorganism-immobilized carrier which can have a sponge-like porous structure and can improve the reaction efficiency.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明に係る微生物固定化担体は次のような構成と
している。即ち、請求項１に記載の微生物固定化担体
は、合成樹脂製担体基材の表面に水酸アパタイト系物質
を付着してなることを特徴とする微生物固定化担体であ
る。In order to achieve the above object, the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention has the following constitution. That is, the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to claim 1 is a microorganism-immobilized carrier characterized in that a hydroxyapatite-based substance is attached to the surface of a synthetic resin carrier substrate.
【００１１】請求項２に記載の微生物固定化担体は、前
記合成樹脂製担体基材がスポンジ状多孔体、繊維集合
体、又は、筒状中空体又は粒状体である請求項１記載の
微生物固定化担体である。又、請求項３に記載の微生物
固定化担体は、前記担体基材を比重：１以下の合成樹脂
で形成することにより水酸アパタイト系物質付着後の微
生物固定化担体の比重を1.0 〜1.1 に調整した請求項１
又は２記載の微生物固定化担体である。In the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to claim 2, the synthetic resin carrier substrate is a sponge-like porous body, a fiber assembly, or a hollow cylindrical body or a granular body. It is a carrier for chemical conversion. Further, in the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to claim 3, by forming the carrier substrate with a synthetic resin having a specific gravity of 1 or less, the specific gravity of the microorganism-immobilized carrier after the hydroxyapatite-based substance is attached is 1.0 to 1.1. Adjusted claim 1
Alternatively, the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to item 2.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】本発明に係る微生物固定化担体は、前記の如
く、合成樹脂製担体基材の表面に水酸アパタイト系物質
を付着してなる。従って、担体表面に水酸アパタイト系
物質の被覆層を有することになる。As described above, the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention comprises a hydroxyapatite-based substance attached to the surface of a synthetic resin carrier substrate. Therefore, the carrier surface has a coating layer of a hydroxyapatite material.
【００１３】ところで、アパタイトとはＡ10(MO4)6Ｘ2
で表される化学組成を持つ結晶物である。但し、該組成
におけるＡはCa，Ba等の如き１〜３価の陽イオン、M は
P，As，Si等、ＸはＦ，OH，Cl等である。水酸アパタイ
ト系物質は、上記アパタイトの中の代表的なものであ
り、ＸがOHであってＡ10(PO4)6OH2 の化学組成を持つ結
晶物である。By the way, apatite is A 10 (MO 4 ) 6 X 2
It is a crystalline substance having a chemical composition represented by. However, in the composition, A is a monovalent cation such as Ca or Ba, and M is
P, As, Si, etc., X is F, OH, Cl, etc. The hydroxyapatite-based substance is a typical substance among the above-mentioned apatites, and is a crystalline substance in which X is OH and has a chemical composition of A 10 (PO 4 ) 6 OH 2 .
【００１４】上記水酸アパタイト系物質は、極めて微生
物との親和性に優れて微生物とのなじみが良いという性
質を基本的に有しており、そのため微生物の付着が非常
に生じ易い。本発明に係る微生物固定化担体は、かかる
水酸アパタイト系物質の被覆層を表面に有しており、従
って、この表面の水酸アパタイト系物質の被覆層に微生
物の付着が非常に生じ易く、そのため担体表面に凹凸等
の特殊加工を施さなくても、馴養期間（処理槽に投入後
の微生物の付着期間）を大幅に短縮化し得る。The above-mentioned hydroxyapatite-based substance basically has a property that it is extremely excellent in affinity with microorganisms and is well compatible with microorganisms. Therefore, attachment of microorganisms is very likely to occur. The microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention has a coating layer of such a hydroxyapatite-based substance on the surface, and therefore, it is very easy for microorganisms to adhere to the coating layer of the hydroxyapatite-based substance on this surface, Therefore, the acclimatization period (the period of attachment of microorganisms after being placed in the treatment tank) can be significantly shortened without subjecting the carrier surface to special processing such as unevenness.
【００１５】又、本発明に係る微生物固定化担体は、上
記水酸アパタイト系物質被覆層を設ける担体基材が合成
樹脂製であり、合成樹脂は耐食性及び加工性に優れてい
るので、耐久性に優れ、又、スポンジ状多孔体等の種々
の形状のものが得られる。更に、担体基材の表面に水酸
アパタイト系物質を被覆することにより製造でき、該被
覆は水酸アパタイト系物質への担体基材の浸漬法等によ
り行い得るので、前記従来の包括固定型担体に比し、担
体の製造工程が極めて簡単である。In addition, in the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention, the carrier base material on which the hydroxyapatite-based material coating layer is provided is made of synthetic resin, and the synthetic resin is excellent in corrosion resistance and processability, so that durability is improved. In addition, various shapes such as sponge-like porous bodies can be obtained. Further, it can be produced by coating the surface of a carrier substrate with a hydroxyapatite-based substance, and the coating can be carried out by a method of immersing the carrier substrate in the hydroxyapatite-based substance. In comparison with, the manufacturing process of the carrier is extremely simple.
【００１６】そこで、前記合成樹脂製担体基材をスポン
ジ状多孔体、繊維集合体、又は、筒状中空体又は粒状体
にすることができ、このようにすると水酸アパタイト系
物質被覆層の比表面積（担体の単位重量に対する表面積
の割合）を大きくし得、そのため処理槽での微生物固定
化担体の反応効率をより一層向上することができるよう
になる。Therefore, the synthetic resin carrier substrate can be made into a sponge-like porous body, a fiber assembly, or a cylindrical hollow body or a granular body, and in this case, the ratio of the hydroxyapatite-based material coating layer is increased. The surface area (ratio of the surface area to the unit weight of the carrier) can be increased, so that the reaction efficiency of the microorganism-immobilized carrier in the treatment tank can be further improved.
【００１７】ここで、担体基材をスポンジ状多孔体にし
た場合、その孔の内表面にも水酸アパタイト系物質を被
覆し得る。かかる微生物固定化担体は、処理槽への投入
後、その孔内にも汚濁物質（：微生物の栄養源）が浸透
するので、担体内部にも微生物の付着が生じ、従って、
担体内部の微生物も有効に働いて反応効率が高められ
る。Here, when the carrier base material is a sponge-like porous body, the inner surface of the pores can be coated with the hydroxyapatite-based substance. Such a microorganism-immobilized carrier, after being introduced into the treatment tank, has contaminants (: nutrient sources for microorganisms) that also penetrate into the pores of the carrier, so that microorganisms adhere to the inside of the carrier.
The microorganisms inside the carrier also work effectively and the reaction efficiency is increased.
【００１８】前記担体基材を構成する合成樹脂としては
種々のものが使用できる。そこで、担体基材を比重：１
以下の合成樹脂で形成すると、水酸アパタイト系物質付
着後の微生物固定化担体の比重を1.0 〜1.1 に調整し
得、そうすると、微生物固定化担体は汚水と比重が略同
等になるので、処理槽での懸濁状態がより一層良い状態
になり、そのため生物反応効率をより確実に向上し得
る。Various kinds of synthetic resins can be used as the carrier base material. Therefore, the specific gravity of the carrier substrate is 1
When formed of the following synthetic resin, the specific gravity of the microorganism-immobilized carrier after the hydroxyapatite-based substance can be adjusted to 1.0 to 1.1. Then, the specific gravity of the microorganism-immobilized carrier becomes almost the same as that of wastewater. The suspended state in 1 is further improved, and thus the biological reaction efficiency can be improved more reliably.
【００１９】尚、本発明に係る微生物固定化担体は結合
型担体であって、使用時即ち処理槽への投入後に、微生
物（菌体）を処理槽内で付着（馴養）させるものであ
り、予め製造時に菌体を保有させるのではないので、担
体の管理（保管及び保存）が容易であって、担体の保存
等に特別の措置は不要である。The microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention is a binding-type carrier, which allows microorganisms (bacteria) to adhere (acclimate) in the treatment tank during use, that is, after being added to the treatment tank. Since the bacterial cells are not retained in advance at the time of production, the carrier can be easily managed (stored and stored), and no special measures are required for storing the carrier.
【００２０】前記合成樹脂製担体基材の樹脂としては特
に限定されず、例えばウレタン、ポリプロピレン等の
他、発泡ポリプロピレン、発泡ポリエチレン、発泡ABS
等が使用できる。The resin of the synthetic resin carrier substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include urethane, polypropylene and the like, expanded polypropylene, expanded polyethylene, expanded ABS.
Etc. can be used.
【００２１】前記合成樹脂製担体基材の形状に関し、繊
維集合体としては不織物等も使用でき、更に、図２に示
す如きブラシ状のものも含まれる。スポンジ状多孔体と
しては単なるスポンジ状のものの他、天然又は合成へち
まも含まれる。粒状又はスポンジ状多孔体の場合、特に
形状は制限されず、球状、角状等種々の形状のものを使
用できるが、その大きさは３〜100mm 角又は３〜100mm
φ程度にすることが望ましい。３mm未満においては通常
の簡単なスクリーンでは分離し難く、100mm 超では流動
性が悪くなるからである。かかる流動性の点から３〜20
mm程度がより望ましい。Regarding the shape of the synthetic resin carrier substrate, a non-woven fabric or the like can be used as the fiber aggregate, and further, a brush-like one as shown in FIG. 2 is also included. The sponge-like porous body includes not only a sponge-like porous body but also a natural or synthetic hemp. The shape of the granular or sponge-like porous material is not particularly limited, and various shapes such as spherical and angular can be used, but the size is 3 to 100 mm square or 3 to 100 mm.
It is desirable to make it about φ. If it is less than 3 mm, it is difficult to separate it with an ordinary simple screen, and if it exceeds 100 mm, the fluidity is deteriorated. 3-20 from the point of the liquidity
About mm is more desirable.
【００２２】前記水酸アパタイト系物質としてはＡ10(P
O4)6OH2 〔但しＡは１〜３価の陽イオン〕の化学組成を
持つものであればよく、例えばCa10(PO4)6OH2 の化学組
成を持つものが使用できる。As the hydroxyapatite-based substance, A 10 (P
Any compound having a chemical composition of O 4 ) 6 OH 2 (A is a cation having a valence of 1 to 3) may be used. For example, one having a chemical composition of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 OH 2 can be used.
【００２３】本発明に係る微生物固定化担体の処理槽へ
の投入量は、担体の種類（形状、大きさ等）、処理する
汚水の種類、処理目的等によって決めればよく、特に限
定されないが、容積率（処理槽の容積に対する担体の占
める割合）で５〜40％になるようにすることが望まし
い。40％程度では、例えば図４に示す如く、槽内のかな
りの部分が担体により占められた状態であって未だ担体
の流動性を確保し得るが、40％超では担体の流動性が悪
くなり、５％未満では担体の表面積の絶対量が少なく、
通常は生物反応の効率上昇の効果が小さくなるからであ
る。The amount of the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention loaded into the treatment tank may be determined depending on the type of carrier (shape, size, etc.), the type of wastewater to be treated, the purpose of treatment, etc., but is not particularly limited. It is desirable that the volume ratio (the ratio of the carrier to the volume of the processing tank) be 5 to 40%. At about 40%, as shown in Fig. 4, for example, a considerable portion of the tank is occupied by the carrier, and the carrier fluidity can still be secured, but at more than 40%, the carrier fluidity deteriorates. If it is less than 5%, the absolute surface area of the carrier is small,
This is because the effect of increasing the efficiency of biological reaction is usually small.
【００２４】[0024]
【実施例】合成樹脂製担体基材として、工業的に製造さ
れている粒径：約３〜５mmのポリプロピレン粒を用い
た。水酸アパタイト系物質としてCa10(PO4)6OH2 の化学
組成を持つものを用いた。図１に示す如く、この水酸ア
パタイト系物質Ｂを前記担体基材Ａ（ポリプロピレン
粒）の表面に付着させ、且つ比重：1.03に調整し、本発
明の実施例に係る脱窒用の微生物固定化担体９を得た。[Example] As the synthetic resin carrier substrate, industrially produced polypropylene particles having a particle size of about 3 to 5 mm were used. As the hydroxyapatite-based substance, one having a chemical composition of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 OH 2 was used. As shown in FIG. 1, the hydroxyapatite-based substance B was adhered to the surface of the carrier substrate A (polypropylene particles) and the specific gravity was adjusted to 1.03 to fix the microorganisms for denitrification according to the embodiment of the present invention. The carrier 9 was obtained.
【００２５】又、工業的に製造されている合成樹脂製ス
ポンジ（エーテル系ポリウレタンフォーム）を担体基材
とし、このスポンジ骨格表面に上記と同様の水酸アパタ
イト系物質〔Ca10(PO4)6OH2 〕を付着させ、本発明の実
施例に係る硝化用の微生物固定化担体を得た。尚、これ
らの微生物固定化担体の製造は、前記従来の包括固定型
担体のそれに比して極めて容易に行い得た。A synthetic resin sponge (ether polyurethane foam) produced industrially is used as a carrier substrate, and the surface of the sponge skeleton has the same hydroxyapatite-based material [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 OH 2 ] was adhered to obtain a microorganism-immobilized carrier for nitrification according to an example of the present invention. The production of these microorganism-immobilized carriers can be performed extremely easily as compared with the conventional entrapping immobilization type carriers.
【００２６】これらの微生物固定化担体を、有機物及び
アンモニア窒素の除去を目的として活性汚泥循環変法に
より運転している汚水処理場の処理槽に投入し、懸濁さ
せて使用した。その詳細を図３を用いて以下説明する。These microorganisms-immobilized carriers were used by suspending them in a treatment tank of a wastewater treatment plant operated by a modified activated sludge circulation method for the purpose of removing organic matters and ammonia nitrogen. The details will be described below with reference to FIG.
【００２７】処理槽の中の脱窒槽７に上記脱窒用の微生
物固定化担体９を、硝化槽８に上記硝化用の微生物固定
化担体10を、いづれも容積率：20％にして投入した。運
転方法は担体を投入していない場合と同様であって、下
水１次処理水１を先ず脱窒槽７に導入し、続いて硝化槽
８に導入する。各槽７、８の処理流出口には担体流出防
止用のスクリーン11、12が設けられている。又、脱窒槽
７には水中攪拌装置13が設けられ、攪拌が行われる。硝
化槽８には散気装置14が設けられ、攪拌及び酸素の供給
が行われる。The denitrification tank 7 in the treatment tank was charged with the above-mentioned denitrification microorganism-immobilized carrier 9 and the nitrification tank 8 was charged with the above-mentioned nitrification microorganism-immobilized carrier 10 in a volume ratio of 20%. . The operation method is the same as when the carrier is not added, and the sewage primary treated water 1 is first introduced into the denitrification tank 7 and then into the nitrification tank 8. Screens 11 and 12 for preventing carrier outflow are provided at the processing outlets of the tanks 7 and 8. Further, the denitrification tank 7 is provided with an underwater agitator 13 for agitating. The nitrification tank 8 is provided with an air diffuser 14 for stirring and supplying oxygen.
【００２８】硝化槽８では、好気法により運転されるた
め、下水１次処理水中のアンモニアが硝化菌により硝酸
に変化すると共に BOD酸化菌により BOD成分が酸化分解
される。この硝化槽８からスクリーン12を通過した硝化
液の一部は硝化液循環ライン16を通って脱窒槽７に返流
される。尚、この返流量は、通常脱窒槽７に導入される
下水１次処理水１の量の100 〜200 ％程度である。Since the nitrification tank 8 is operated by an aerobic method, ammonia in the sewage primary treated water is converted into nitric acid by nitrifying bacteria, and BOD components are oxidatively decomposed by BOD oxidizing bacteria. A part of the nitrification solution that has passed through the screen 12 from the nitrification tank 8 is returned to the denitrification tank 7 through the nitrification solution circulation line 16. The return flow rate is usually about 100 to 200% of the amount of the sewage primary treated water 1 introduced into the denitrification tank 7.
【００２９】上記脱窒槽７に返流された硝化液即ち硝酸
は、脱窒槽７に流入してくる下水１次処理水１中の有機
物の存在下で脱窒菌によって窒素に分解される。ここで
下水１次処理水１中のアンモニアは、脱窒槽７が嫌気状
態であるため、変化することなく、脱窒槽７からの流出
水中に含まれ、スクリーン11を介して硝化槽８へ導入さ
れる。一方、硝化槽８から流出した残りの処理水は沈殿
池４に導入され、処理水（上澄水）と余剰汚泥（底部引
抜き汚泥）とに分けられる。The nitrification liquid, that is, nitric acid, returned to the denitrification tank 7 is decomposed into nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria in the presence of organic substances in the sewage primary treated water 1 flowing into the denitrification tank 7. Here, the ammonia in the sewage primary treated water 1 is contained in the outflow water from the denitrification tank 7 without change because the denitrification tank 7 is in an anaerobic state, and is introduced into the nitrification tank 8 through the screen 11. It On the other hand, the remaining treated water that has flowed out of the nitrification tank 8 is introduced into the settling basin 4 and separated into treated water (supernatant water) and excess sludge (bottom drawn sludge).
【００３０】上記の如き処理運転を行ったところ、本発
明の実施例に係る脱窒用の微生物固定化担体９、及び、
硝化用の微生物固定化担体10は、各々所定の脱窒機能、
及び、硝化機能を発現するまでの時間が１週間以内であ
り、前記従来の結合型担体に比し、馴養期間を大幅に短
縮化し得ることが確認された。When the treatment operation as described above was carried out, the denitrifying microorganism-immobilized carrier 9 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and
The microorganism-immobilized carrier 10 for nitrification has a predetermined denitrification function,
Also, it was confirmed that the time until the nitrification function is expressed is within one week, and the acclimation period can be significantly shortened as compared with the conventional bound carrier.
【００３１】又、担体を投入していない場合と比較して
ほぼ同程度の処理効果（ BOD成分及び窒素の除去効果）
を得るのに、処理槽の容積を脱窒槽７、硝化槽８とも1/
2 〜1/3 に減少することができることも確認された。Further, the treatment effect is almost the same as that in the case where the carrier is not added (BOD component and nitrogen removal effect).
The volume of the treatment tank is 1 / both for denitrification tank 7 and nitrification tank 8
It was also confirmed that it can be reduced to 2 to 1/3.
【００３２】[0032]
【発明の効果】本発明は前述の如き構成を有し作用を成
すものであって、本発明に係る微生物固定化担体は、従
来の結合型担体に比し、担体表面に凹凸等の特殊加工を
施さなくても、馴養期間（処理槽に投入後の微生物の付
着期間）を短縮化し得、又、従来の包括固定型担体に比
し、担体の製造工程が簡単であると共に、スポンジ状の
多孔質構造にし得て反応効率の向上を図り得るという効
果を奏するものである。更には、結合型担体であるた
め、担体の保存等に際して包括固定型担体の場合に必要
な特別の措置が不要となるという効果もある。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has the above-mentioned constitution and functions, and the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the present invention has a special treatment such as unevenness on the surface of the carrier, as compared with the conventional bound carrier. The acclimation period (adhesion period of microorganisms after being added to the treatment tank) can be shortened even without performing the treatment, and the carrier production process is simpler and sponge-like compared to the conventional entrapping fixed type carrier. It has an effect that a porous structure can be obtained and reaction efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, since it is a binding type carrier, there is an effect that no special measures required in the case of the entrapping immobilization type carrier are required when the carrier is stored.
【図１】本発明の実施例に係る脱窒用の微生物固定化担
体の概要を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of a microorganism immobilization carrier for denitrification according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明に係るブラシ状の担体基材の外観を示す
図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an appearance of a brush-shaped carrier base material according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施例に係る微生物固定化担体を用い
た汚水処理の運転状況を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an operating condition of wastewater treatment using the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to the example of the present invention.
【図４】処理槽での微生物固定化担体の容積率が40％の
ときの状態を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the volume ratio of the microorganism-immobilized carrier in the treatment tank is 40%.
【図５】従来の微生物固定化担体を処理槽内に懸濁させ
た状況を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a view showing a state in which a conventional microorganism-immobilized carrier is suspended in a treatment tank.
【図６】従来の標準活性汚泥法を説明するための図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a conventional standard activated sludge method.
【図７】従来の活性汚泥循環変法を説明するための図で
ある。FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a conventional modified activated sludge circulation method.
１--下水１次処理水、 ２--処理槽、 ３--空気、
４--沈殿池、５--処理水、 ６--汚泥、
７--脱窒槽、 ８--硝化槽、９--脱窒用の微
生物固定化担体、 10--硝化用の微生物固定化担
体、11，12--スクリーン、 13--水中攪拌装置、
14--散気装置、15--スクリーン、 16--硝化液循環
ライン、 17--微生物固定化担体、Ａ--担体基材、
Ｂ--水酸アパタイト系物質。1--sewage primary treated water, 2--treatment tank, 3--air,
4--sedimentation tank, 5--treated water, 6-sludge,
7--denitrification tank, 8--nitrification tank, 9--denitrification microbial immobilization carrier, 10--nitrification microbial immobilization carrier, 11, 12--screen, 13--water stirring device,
14--Aeration device, 15--Screen, 16--Nitrification liquid circulation line, 17--Microorganism immobilization carrier, A--Carrier substrate,
B--A hydroxyapatite type substance.
Claims (3)
イト系物質を付着してなることを特徴とする微生物固定
化担体。1. A microorganism-immobilized carrier comprising a synthetic resin carrier substrate and a hydroxyapatite-based substance attached to the surface thereof.
孔体、繊維集合体、又は、筒状中空体又は粒状体である
請求項１記載の微生物固定化担体。2. The microorganism-immobilized carrier according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin carrier substrate is a sponge-like porous body, a fiber assembly, or a cylindrical hollow body or a granular body.
で形成することにより水酸アパタイト系物質付着後の微
生物固定化担体の比重を1.0 〜1.1 に調整した請求項１
又は２記載の微生物固定化担体。3. The specific gravity of the microorganism-immobilized carrier after adhesion of the hydroxyapatite-based substance is adjusted to 1.0 to 1.1 by forming the carrier base material with a synthetic resin having a specific gravity of 1 or less.
Alternatively, the microorganism-immobilized carrier according to item 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4295065A JPH06142672A (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1992-11-04 | Microorganism immobilizing carrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4295065A JPH06142672A (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1992-11-04 | Microorganism immobilizing carrier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06142672A true JPH06142672A (en) | 1994-05-24 |
Family
ID=17815865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4295065A Withdrawn JPH06142672A (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1992-11-04 | Microorganism immobilizing carrier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06142672A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR19990073454A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 1999-10-05 | 성기달 | 5) For the treatment of waste water, functional carriers and combined purification tanks using them |
| JP2002159986A (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-06-04 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Carrier having inorganic particle stuck on the surface firmly for carrying microbe, sewage purifying tank and method or manufacturing the carrier for carrying microbe |
| JP2013013862A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-24 | Iwatani Internatl Corp | Biofiltration material for cleaning treatment of organic wastewater |
| CN113149182A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Preparation method of magnetic biological carrier |
| CN114605726A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-10 | 四川达沃斯生态环保科技股份有限公司 | Modified biological suspended filler and preparation method thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-11-04 JP JP4295065A patent/JPH06142672A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR19990073454A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 1999-10-05 | 성기달 | 5) For the treatment of waste water, functional carriers and combined purification tanks using them |
| JP2002159986A (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-06-04 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Carrier having inorganic particle stuck on the surface firmly for carrying microbe, sewage purifying tank and method or manufacturing the carrier for carrying microbe |
| JP2013013862A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-24 | Iwatani Internatl Corp | Biofiltration material for cleaning treatment of organic wastewater |
| CN113149182A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Preparation method of magnetic biological carrier |
| CN114605726A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-10 | 四川达沃斯生态环保科技股份有限公司 | Modified biological suspended filler and preparation method thereof |
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