JPH06123987A - Production of electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents
Production of electrophotographic sensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06123987A JPH06123987A JP23583192A JP23583192A JPH06123987A JP H06123987 A JPH06123987 A JP H06123987A JP 23583192 A JP23583192 A JP 23583192A JP 23583192 A JP23583192 A JP 23583192A JP H06123987 A JPH06123987 A JP H06123987A
- Authority
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- boiling point
- solvent
- coating
- drying
- photosensitive layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は電子写真感光体の製造方
法に関するものである。詳しくは膜厚が２７μｍ以上の
感光層を有する耐刷性に優れた電子写真感光体の製造方
法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 27 μm or more and having excellent printing durability.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電子写真技術は、即時性、高品質の画像
が得られることなどから、近年では複写機の分野にとど
まらず、各種プリンターの分野でも広く使われ応用され
てきている。電子写真技術の中核となる感光体について
は、その光導電材料として従来からのセレン、ヒ素−セ
レン合金、硫化カドミウム、酸化亜鉛といった無機系の
光導電体から、最近では、無公害で成膜が容易、製造が
容易である等の利点を有する有機系の光導電材料を使用
した感光体が開発されている。2. Description of the Related Art Electrophotographic technology has been widely used and applied not only in the field of copying machines but also in the field of various printers in recent years because of its ability to obtain images of instant quality and high quality. Photoreceptors, which are the core of electrophotographic technology, have recently been formed as pollution-free inorganic photoconductors such as selenium, arsenic-selenium alloys, cadmium sulfide, and zinc oxide. A photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive material, which has advantages such as easy and easy manufacture, has been developed.
【０００３】有機系感光体の中でも電荷発生層及び電荷
移動層を積層した、いわゆる積層型感光体が考案され研
究の主流となっている。積層型感光体は、それぞれ効率
の高い電荷発生物質及び電荷移動物質を組合せることに
より高感度な感光体が得られること、材料の選択範囲が
広く安全性の高い感光体が得られること、また塗布の生
産性が高く比較的コスト面でも有利なことから、感光体
の主流になる可能性も高く鋭意開発されている。通常の
積層型感光体においては、電荷発生層は０．５μｍ程
度、電荷移動層は１０〜２０μｍ程度で設けられてい
る。Among organic photoconductors, a so-called laminated type photoconductor in which a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer are laminated is devised and is the mainstream of research. The multi-layer type photoconductor is such that a highly sensitive photoconductor can be obtained by combining a highly efficient charge generation substance and charge transfer substance, a photoconductor having a wide selection range of materials and high safety, and Since the coating productivity is high and the cost is comparatively advantageous, the possibility of becoming the mainstream of the photoreceptor is high and the coating has been earnestly developed. In a usual laminated type photoreceptor, the charge generation layer is provided with a thickness of about 0.5 μm, and the charge transfer layer is provided with a thickness of about 10 to 20 μm.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、現在一般に使
用されている積層型感光体はその耐久性においてはまだ
まだ無機系感光体に劣っており、比較的低級機種に限っ
て使用されているのが現状である。この耐久性が劣る大
きな原因の一つとして、電子写真プロセスのクリーニン
グ工程における感光層の摩擦による膜の摩耗が挙げられ
ている。すなわち膜が摩耗することにより帯電電位が下
がり画像上のコントラストが低下するためである。However, the laminated type photoconductors that are generally used at present are still inferior in durability to inorganic photoconductors, and are used only in relatively low-grade models. The current situation. One of the major causes of the poor durability is abrasion of the film due to friction of the photosensitive layer in the cleaning step of the electrophotographic process. That is, the abrasion of the film lowers the charging potential and lowers the contrast on the image.
【０００５】この様な膜の摩耗を少なくするためには、
感光層表面の耐摩耗性を向上させることが重要である
が、一方感光層の膜厚を厚くすることも有力な手段の一
つと考えられる。こうすることにより膜の摩耗の絶対量
は同じでも、相対的な膜の摩耗の変化量は小さくなり帯
電電位や感度の変動を少なく抑えることができるためで
ある。In order to reduce the wear of such a film,
Although it is important to improve the abrasion resistance of the surface of the photosensitive layer, increasing the thickness of the photosensitive layer is considered to be one of the effective means. By doing so, even if the absolute amount of wear of the film is the same, the relative change amount of wear of the film is small, and fluctuations in charging potential and sensitivity can be suppressed to a small level.
【０００６】こうした厚膜化により膜の摩耗による帯電
電位や感度の変動を抑制することができるが、一方感光
体の製造工程での自然乾燥又は強制乾燥時に感光層中に
泡が発生する。この泡は、画像上大きな欠陥となると共
に感光体の製造歩留りを大きく低下させる。By increasing the film thickness, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the charging potential and sensitivity due to film abrasion, but bubbles are generated in the photosensitive layer during natural drying or forced drying in the photoconductor manufacturing process. This bubble causes a large defect on the image and greatly reduces the manufacturing yield of the photoconductor.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記課題
を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、感光層形成用塗布液中
の溶剤を徐々に蒸発させるために、乾燥時の温度より高
い沸点を有する溶剤を感光層形成用塗布液中に適当量混
合し、感光層を形成し、乾燥せしめれば、重大な欠陥と
なる泡の発生を大幅に抑制せしめ、画像および耐刷性に
優れた電子写真感光体を容易に製造し得ることを見い出
し本発明に到達した。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the boiling point higher than the drying temperature is used to gradually evaporate the solvent in the photosensitive layer forming coating solution. When a suitable amount of a solvent having a solvent is mixed with the coating liquid for forming a photosensitive layer to form a photosensitive layer and then dried, the generation of bubbles, which is a serious defect, is significantly suppressed, and the image and printing durability are excellent. The present invention has been accomplished by finding that an electrophotographic photoreceptor can be easily manufactured.
【０００８】即ち、本発明の目的は、高品質且つ耐久性
が向上した電子写真感光体を工業的有利に製造すること
にある。本発明は上述の問題を解決するためになされた
ものでありその要旨は、感光層形成用塗布液を導電性支
持体上に塗布、乾燥して、膜厚２７μｍ以上の感光層を
有する電子写真感光体を製造する方法において、該感光
層形成用塗布液が、少なくとも電荷移動剤、バインダー
樹脂及び溶剤を含有し、該溶剤が、３５℃から該乾燥の
温度までの１気圧における沸点を有する溶剤５０〜９５
重量％と該乾燥の温度を越える１気圧における沸点を有
する溶剤５０〜５重量％からなることを特徴とする電子
写真感光体の製造方法に存する。That is, an object of the present invention is to industrially produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member having high quality and improved durability. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the gist thereof is an electrophotography having a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 27 μm or more, which is obtained by applying a coating solution for forming a photosensitive layer on a conductive support and drying. In the method for producing a photoreceptor, the coating liquid for forming a photosensitive layer contains at least a charge transfer agent, a binder resin and a solvent, and the solvent has a boiling point at 1 atm from 35 ° C to the drying temperature. 50-95
And a solvent having a boiling point of 1 atm over the drying temperature of 50 to 5% by weight, which is a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
【０００９】以下本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明方法
に用いる導電性支持体としては、例えばアルミニウム、
ステンレス鋼、銅、ニッケル等の金属材料、表面にアル
ミニウム、銅、パラジウム、酸化すず、酸化インジウム
等の導電性層を設けたポリエステルフィルム、紙等の絶
縁性支持体が挙げられる。なかでもアルミ等の金属のエ
ンドレスパイプが好ましい支持体である。The present invention will be described in detail below. As the conductive support used in the method of the present invention, for example, aluminum,
Examples thereof include metallic materials such as stainless steel, copper and nickel, polyester films having a conductive layer such as aluminum, copper, palladium, tin oxide and indium oxide provided on the surface thereof, and insulating supports such as paper. Among them, an endless pipe made of metal such as aluminum is a preferable support.
【００１０】導電性支持体と感光層の間には通常使用さ
れているような公知のバリアー層が設けられていてもよ
い。バリアー層としては、例えばアルミニウム陽極酸化
被膜、酸化アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム等の無機
層、ポリビニルアルコール、カゼイン、ポリビニルピロ
リドン、ポリアクリル酸、セルロース類、ゼラチン、デ
ンプン、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、ポリアミド等の有
機層が使用される。A known barrier layer, which is commonly used, may be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer. Examples of the barrier layer include inorganic layers such as aluminum anodic oxide coating, aluminum oxide, and aluminum hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, casein, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, and other organic layers. Is used.
【００１１】感光層としては、電荷発生物質等の光導電
材料粒子がバインダー樹脂、電荷移動物質等からなるマ
トリックス中に分散されてなる分散型感光層、並びに電
荷発生層及び電荷移動層を積層した積層型感光層のいず
れでも採用し得る。しかし、本発明は特に膜厚２７μｍ
以上の電荷移動層を有する積層型感光層に有用であるの
で、以下、この感光層について説明する。As the photosensitive layer, a dispersion type photosensitive layer in which photoconductive material particles such as a charge generating substance are dispersed in a matrix composed of a binder resin, a charge transfer substance and the like, and a charge generating layer and a charge transfer layer are laminated. Any of the laminated photosensitive layers can be adopted. However, the present invention is particularly applicable to a film thickness of 27 μm.
Since it is useful for the laminated type photosensitive layer having the above charge transfer layer, this photosensitive layer will be described below.
【００１２】電荷発生層に用いられる電荷発生物質とし
ては、セレン及びその合金、ヒ素−セレン、酸化カドミ
ウム、酸化亜鉛、その他の無機光導電物質、フタロシア
ニン、アゾ色素、キナクリドン、多環キノン、ピリリウ
ム塩、チアピリリウム塩、インジゴ、チオインジゴ、ア
ントアントロン、ピラントロン、ジアニン等の各種有機
顔料、染料が使用できる。Examples of the charge generating substance used in the charge generating layer include selenium and its alloys, arsenic-selenium, cadmium oxide, zinc oxide, other inorganic photoconductive substances, phthalocyanines, azo dyes, quinacridones, polycyclic quinones and pyrylium salts. , Various organic pigments and dyes such as thiapyrylium salt, indigo, thioindigo, anthanthrone, pyrantrone and dianine can be used.
【００１３】中でも無金属フタロシアニン、銅塩化イン
ジウム、塩化ガリウム、錫、オキシチタニウム、亜鉛、
バナジウム等の金属又は、その酸化物、塩化物の配位し
たフタロシアニン類、モノアゾ、ピスアゾ、トリスア
ゾ、ポリアゾ類等のアゾ顔料が好ましい。電荷発生層は
これらの物質の均一層或いはバインダー樹脂中に微粒子
分散した状態で使用される。Among them, metal-free phthalocyanine, copper indium chloride, gallium chloride, tin, oxytitanium, zinc,
Azo pigments such as phthalocyanines coordinated with metals such as vanadium or oxides or chlorides thereof, monoazo, pisazo, trisazo, polyazos are preferable. The charge generation layer is used as a uniform layer of these substances or in the state of fine particles dispersed in a binder resin.
【００１４】そのバインダー樹脂としては、ポリビニル
アセテート、ポリメタクリル酸エステル、ポリアクリル
酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリビ
ニルアセタール、ポリビニルプロピオナール、ポリビニ
ルブチラール、フェノキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、セルロ
ースエステル、セルロースエーテル、ウレタン樹脂など
がある。As the binder resin, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyacrylic acid ester, polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl propional, polyvinyl butyral, phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, urethane resin. and so on.
【００１５】電荷発生層の膜厚としては通常、０．１μ
ｍ〜１μｍ、好ましくは０．１５μｍ〜０．６μｍが好
適である。またここで使用される電荷発生物質の含有量
は、バインダー樹脂１００重量部に対して２０〜３００
重量部、好ましくは３０〜２００重量部の範囲で用いら
れる。電荷移動層中の電荷移動材料としては、例えばポ
リビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルピレン、ポリアセナ
フチレン等の高分子化合物または各種ピラゾリン誘導
体、オキサゾール誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベ
ン誘導体、アミン誘導体等の低分子化合物が使用でき
る。The thickness of the charge generation layer is usually 0.1 μm.
m-1 μm, preferably 0.15 μm-0.6 μm. The content of the charge generation material used here is 20 to 300 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
It is used in parts by weight, preferably 30 to 200 parts by weight. As the charge transfer material in the charge transfer layer, for example, a polymer compound such as polyvinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, polyacenaphthylene, or a low molecular compound such as various pyrazoline derivatives, oxazole derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, amine derivatives is used. it can.
【００１６】これらの電荷移動材料とともにバインダー
樹脂が配合される。好ましいバインダー樹脂としては、
例えばポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポ
リスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル等のビニル重合体、および
その共重合体、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリ
スルフォン、ポリエーテル、ポリケトン、フェノキシ、
エポキシ、シリコーン樹脂等が挙げられ、またこれらの
部分的架橋硬化物も使用される。またこれらの電荷移動
材料の含有量は、バインダー樹脂１００重量部に対して
通常３０〜２００重量部、好ましくは５０〜１５０重量
部の範囲で用いられる。更に電荷移動層には成膜性、可
とう性等を向上するために酸化防止剤、増感剤、レベリ
ング剤等の各種添加剤を含んでいてもよい。電荷移動層
の膜厚は２７μｍ以上、より好ましくは３０μｍから５
０μｍで使用される。A binder resin is blended with these charge transfer materials. As a preferred binder resin,
For example, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, and copolymers thereof, polycarbonate, polyester, polysulfone, polyether, polyketone, phenoxy,
Epoxy, silicone resin, etc. are mentioned, and these partially crosslinked cured products are also used. The content of these charge transfer materials is usually 30 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Further, the charge transfer layer may contain various additives such as an antioxidant, a sensitizer and a leveling agent in order to improve film-forming property and flexibility. The thickness of the charge transfer layer is 27 μm or more, more preferably 30 μm to 5 μm.
Used at 0 μm.
【００１７】感光層形成用塗布液としては、少なくとも
電荷移動剤、バインダー樹脂及び溶剤を含有しており、
更に必要に応じて電荷発生物質等の光導電材料粒子、酸
化防止剤、増感剤、レベリング剤等を含んでいてもよ
い。溶剤としては、その沸点（１気圧における値、以下
同様）が３５℃から塗布後の感光体の乾燥温度までの範
囲にある溶剤５０〜９５重量％とその沸点が塗布後の感
光体の乾燥温度を越える範囲にある溶剤５０〜５重量％
からなる混合溶剤を用いる。The coating liquid for forming the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge transfer agent, a binder resin and a solvent,
Further, if necessary, photoconductive material particles such as a charge generating substance, an antioxidant, a sensitizer, and a leveling agent may be contained. The solvent has a boiling point (value at 1 atm, the same applies below) in the range from 35 ° C. to the drying temperature of the photoreceptor after coating, 50 to 95% by weight of solvent, and the boiling point is the drying temperature of the photoreceptor after coating. Solvent in the range of over 50 to 5% by weight
A mixed solvent consisting of is used.
【００１８】乾燥温度が例えば１２０℃の場合、低沸点
側の溶剤としては例えばベンゼン（沸点８０．１℃）、
トルエン（沸点１１０．６℃）等の芳香族炭化水素類、
アセトン（沸点５６．１℃）、メチルエチルケトン（沸
点７９．６℃）、ジエチルケトン（沸点１０２．０
℃）、メチルイソブチルケトン（沸点１１５．９℃）等
のケトン類、酢酸メチル（沸点５７．８℃）、プロピオ
ン酸エチル（沸点９９．１℃）等のエステル類、メタノ
ール（沸点６４．５℃）、エタノール（沸点７８．３
℃）、プロパノール（沸点９７．２℃）、ブタノール
（沸点１１７．７℃）等のアルコール類、テトラヒドロ
フラン（沸点６６℃）、ジオキサン（沸点１０１．３
℃）、ジメトキシメタン（沸点４２℃）、ジメトキシエ
タン（沸点８５．２℃）等のエーテル類、四塩化炭素
（沸点７６．８℃）、クロロホルム（沸点６１．２
℃）、塩化メチレン（沸点３９．８℃）、ジクロロエタ
ン（沸点８２℃）、トリクロロエチレン（沸点８７．２
℃）のハロゲン化炭化水素類等がある。これらの溶剤は
単独として、或いは混合して使用しても良い。これらの
溶剤は、特に沸点５０〜１００℃、好ましくは６０〜９
０℃のものを７０〜９０重量％用いることが好ましい。When the drying temperature is 120 ° C., for example, benzene (boiling point 80.1 ° C.) is used as the low boiling point solvent.
Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene (boiling point 110.6 ° C),
Acetone (boiling point 56.1 ° C), methyl ethyl ketone (boiling point 79.6 ° C), diethyl ketone (boiling point 102.0)
° C), ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone (boiling point 115.9 ° C), esters such as methyl acetate (boiling point 57.8 ° C), ethyl propionate (boiling point 99.1 ° C), methanol (boiling point 64.5 ° C) ), Ethanol (boiling point 78.3
C.), propanol (boiling point 97.2 ° C.), butanol (boiling point 117.7 ° C.) and the like, tetrahydrofuran (boiling point 66 ° C.), dioxane (boiling point 101.3).
℃), dimethoxymethane (boiling point 42 ℃), ethers such as dimethoxyethane (boiling point 85.2 ℃), carbon tetrachloride (boiling point 76.8 ℃), chloroform (boiling point 61.2)
° C), methylene chloride (boiling point 39.8 ° C), dichloroethane (boiling point 82 ° C), trichlorethylene (boiling point 87.2)
℃) halogenated hydrocarbons. These solvents may be used alone or as a mixture. These solvents have a boiling point of 50 to 100 ° C., preferably 60 to 9
It is preferable to use 70 to 90% by weight of 0 ° C.
【００１９】これらの溶剤と共に沸点が１２０℃を越え
る溶剤を少なくとも１種以上使用する。混合割合は５〜
５０重量％、好ましくは１０〜３０重量％の範囲で用い
られる。その溶剤としては、例えばキシレン（沸点１４
０℃）等の芳香族炭化水素類、シクロヘキサノン（沸点
１５５．７℃）、シクロペンタノン（沸点１３０℃）、
ペントキソン（沸点１６０℃）、アセチルアセトン（沸
点１４０．６℃）等のケトン類；エチルセルソルブ（沸
点１３５℃）、イソプロピルセルソルブ（沸点１４１
℃）、アニソール（沸点１５４℃）等のエーテル類；酢
酸イソペンチル（沸点１４２℃）、乳酸メチル（沸点１
４４℃）、メチルセルソルブアセテート（沸点１４４．
５℃）、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセ
テート（沸点１４６℃）、乳酸エチル（沸点１５４
℃）、３−メトキシブチルアセテート（沸点１７３
℃）、マロン酸ジメチル（沸点１８４℃）、コハク酸ジ
メチル（沸点１９５℃）、アセト酢酸メチル（沸点１７
０℃）等のエステル類、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド
（沸点１５３．０℃）、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアセトアミド
（沸点１６６．１℃）等のアミド類、ジメチルスルホキ
シド（沸点１８９．０℃）等がある。At least one solvent having a boiling point of more than 120 ° C. is used together with these solvents. Mixing ratio is 5
It is used in an amount of 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight. Examples of the solvent include xylene (boiling point 14
Aromatic hydrocarbons such as 0 ° C.), cyclohexanone (boiling point 155.7 ° C.), cyclopentanone (boiling point 130 ° C.),
Ketones such as pentoxone (boiling point 160 ° C), acetylacetone (boiling point 140.6 ° C); ethyl cellosolve (boiling point 135 ° C), isopropyl cellosolve (boiling point 141)
Ether) such as anisole (boiling point 154 ° C.); isopentyl acetate (boiling point 142 ° C.), methyl lactate (boiling point 1)
44 ° C.), methyl cellosolve acetate (boiling point 144.
5 ° C.), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (boiling point 146 ° C.), ethyl lactate (boiling point 154
° C), 3-methoxybutyl acetate (boiling point 173
℃), dimethyl malonate (boiling point 184 ℃), dimethyl succinate (boiling point 195 ℃), methyl acetoacetate (boiling point 17
0 ° C.) esters, N, N-dimethylformamide (boiling point 153.0 ° C.), N, N-dimethylacetamide (boiling point 166.1 ° C.) and other amides, dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point 189.0 ° C.), etc. There is.
【００２０】感光層の塗布方法としては、スプレー塗布
法、スパイラル塗布法、リング塗布法、浸漬塗布法等が
ある。スプレー塗布法としては、エアスプレー、エアレ
ススプレー、静電エアスプレー、静電エアレススプレ
ー、回転霧化式静電スプレー、ホットスプレー、ホット
エアレススプレー等があるが、均一な膜厚を得るための
微粒化度、付着効率等を考えると回転霧化式静電スプレ
ーにおいて、再公表平１−８０５１９８号に開示されて
いる搬送方法、すなわち円筒状ワークを回転させながら
その軸方向に間隔を空けることなく連続して搬送するこ
とにより、総合的に高い付着効率で膜厚の均一性に優れ
た電子写真感光体を得ることができる。Examples of the coating method of the photosensitive layer include a spray coating method, a spiral coating method, a ring coating method and a dip coating method. Spray coating methods include air spray, airless spray, electrostatic air spray, electrostatic airless spray, rotary atomizing electrostatic spray, hot spray, hot airless spray, etc. In consideration of the degree of atomization, the adhesion efficiency, etc., in the rotary atomization type electrostatic spray, the conveying method disclosed in the republication No. 1-805198, that is, without rotating the cylindrical work and leaving an interval in its axial direction. By continuously conveying, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a high adhesion efficiency and excellent film thickness uniformity can be obtained.
【００２１】スパイラル塗布法としては、特開昭５２−
１１９６５１号公報に開示されている注液塗布機または
カーテン塗布機を用いた方法、特開平１−２３１９６６
号公報に開示されている微小開口部から塗料を筋状に連
続して飛翔させる方法、特開平３−１９３１６１号公報
に開示されているマルチノズル体を用いた方法等があ
る。A spiral coating method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-
A method using a liquid injection coating machine or a curtain coating machine disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 119651, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 231966/1989.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-193161 discloses a method using a multi-nozzle body for continuously ejecting paint in a streak pattern from a minute opening.
【００２２】以下、浸漬塗布法について説明する。上述
した電荷移動剤、バインダー等の材料、溶剤を用いて全
固形分濃度が２５％以上、より好ましくは２５％以上４
０％以下で、かつ粘度が通常５０センチポアーズ〜３０
０センチポアーズ以下、好ましくは１００センチポアー
ズ〜２００センチポアーズ以下の感光層形成用塗布液を
調整する。ここで実質的に塗布液の粘度はバインダーポ
リマーの種類及びその分子量により決るが、あまり分子
量が低い場合にはポリマー自身の機械的強度が低下する
ためこれを損わない程度の分子量を持つバインダーポリ
マーを使用することが好ましい。この様にして調整され
た塗布液を用いて浸漬塗布法により感光層である電荷移
動層が形成される。The dip coating method will be described below. Using the above-mentioned materials such as charge transfer agent and binder, and solvent, the total solid content concentration is 25% or more, more preferably 25% or more.
0% or less and viscosity is usually 50 centipoise to 30
A coating solution for forming a photosensitive layer of 0 centipoise or less, preferably 100 centipoise to 200 centipoise or less is prepared. Here, the viscosity of the coating solution is substantially determined by the type of binder polymer and its molecular weight, but if the molecular weight is too low, the mechanical strength of the polymer itself will decrease and the binder polymer will have a molecular weight that does not impair it. Is preferably used. A charge transfer layer, which is a photosensitive layer, is formed by a dip coating method using the coating liquid thus prepared.
【００２３】電荷移動層の膜厚は乾燥後に２７μｍ以
上、より好ましくは３０μｍから５０μｍとなる様に塗
布速度を調整しなければならない。ここで塗布速度とは
液面に対する被塗布体の引上げ速度のことであり、およ
そ３０〜８０ｃｍ／分が適当である。塗布速度がこれよ
り遅い場合には非常に生産性が悪くなり、速い場合には
塗布装置の振動等に影響されやすくなり均一な塗膜が得
にくくなる。The coating speed must be adjusted so that the thickness of the charge transfer layer after drying is 27 μm or more, more preferably 30 μm to 50 μm. Here, the coating speed is the pulling speed of the object to be coated with respect to the liquid surface, and approximately 30 to 80 cm / min is suitable. When the coating speed is slower than this, the productivity becomes extremely poor, and when it is fast, it is easily affected by the vibration of the coating apparatus and the like, and it becomes difficult to obtain a uniform coating film.
【００２４】その後塗膜を乾燥させ、必要且つ充分な乾
燥が行われる様に乾燥の温度と時間を調整すると良い。
乾燥時温度としては通常、１００〜２５０℃、好ましく
は１１０〜１７０℃、さらに好ましくは１２０〜１４０
℃の範囲である。ここで乾燥時の温度とは塗布された感
光体の乾燥時の表面温度をいう。低沸点の溶剤の沸点と
の温度差が小さければ乾燥には比較的長時間を要する
が、感光層中の有効成分が分解・変質する恐れが小さ
い。乾燥条件としては上記１段での乾燥条件の他、例え
ば２段乾燥の様な方法もとることができる。この場合、
１段目の乾燥温度は５０〜１５０℃、好ましくは７０〜
１２０℃、２段目の乾燥温度は１段目より高い温度で通
常、１００〜２５０℃、好ましくは１１０〜１７０℃、
さらに好ましくは１２０〜１４０℃であって必要且つ充
分な乾燥が行われる様に乾燥時間を調整すると良い。２
段乾燥などの乾燥温度を途中で変更する場合は、乾燥中
の最高温度を基準として、該最高温度より沸点の高い溶
剤と低い溶剤を選択する。After that, the coating film is dried, and the drying temperature and time are preferably adjusted so that necessary and sufficient drying is performed.
The drying temperature is usually 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 110 to 170 ° C, more preferably 120 to 140.
It is in the range of ° C. Here, the temperature during drying means the surface temperature during drying of the coated photoreceptor. If the temperature difference from the boiling point of the low-boiling solvent is small, it takes a relatively long time to dry, but the active ingredient in the photosensitive layer is less likely to be decomposed or deteriorated. As the drying condition, in addition to the above-mentioned one-stage drying condition, a method such as two-stage drying can be used. in this case,
The first stage drying temperature is 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 70 to
120 ° C, the second stage drying temperature is higher than the first stage, and is usually 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 110 to 170 ° C.
More preferably, the temperature is 120 to 140 ° C., and the drying time may be adjusted so that necessary and sufficient drying is performed. Two
In the case of changing the drying temperature during stepwise drying, etc., a solvent having a boiling point higher than the maximum temperature and a solvent having a lower boiling point than the maximum temperature are selected on the basis of the maximum temperature during the drying.
【００２５】乾燥方法としては、熱風乾燥器、蒸気乾燥
器、赤外線乾燥器及び遠赤外線乾燥機等を用いる。本発
明の方法を用いて作製した電子写真感光体は、電気特性
等に対して悪影響を及ぼさずに欠陥（泡由来）を無くす
ことができる。このような欠陥の発生は発光層中の溶剤
が急激に蒸発することによって生じると考えられ、熱容
量の大きな導電性支持体を用いるとより多発するのでこ
うした場合に本発明による製造方法を採用することは、
より効果的である。従って、導電性支持体としてアルミ
ニウムシリンダーを用いる場合には、肉厚２ｍｍ以上の
場合により効果が顕著となる。As a drying method, a hot air dryer, a steam dryer, an infrared dryer, a far infrared dryer or the like is used. The electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the method of the present invention can eliminate defects (derived from bubbles) without adversely affecting electric characteristics and the like. It is considered that the generation of such defects is caused by the rapid evaporation of the solvent in the light emitting layer, and it occurs more frequently when a conductive support having a large heat capacity is used. Therefore, in such a case, the manufacturing method according to the present invention is adopted. Is
More effective. Therefore, when an aluminum cylinder is used as the conductive support, the effect becomes more remarkable when the thickness is 2 mm or more.
【００２６】[0026]
【実施例】以下本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明す
るが、本発明はその要旨を越えない限り以下の実施例に
限定されるものではない。 実施例１ 次式（１）で表わされるビスアゾ化合物１０重量部EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples below, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples unless it exceeds the gist. Example 1 10 parts by weight of a bisazo compound represented by the following formula (1)
【００２７】[0027]
【化１】 [Chemical 1]
【００２８】を１５０重量部の４−メトキシ−４−メチ
ルペンタノン−２に加え、サンドグラインドミルにて粉
砕分散処理を行なった。ここで得られた顔料分散液をポ
リビニルブチラール（積水化学工業（株）製、商品名Ｂ
Ｈ−３）の５％ジメトキシエタン溶液に加え、最終的に
固形分濃度４．０％の分散液を作製した。150 parts by weight of 4-methoxy-4-methylpentanone-2 was added and pulverized and dispersed by a sand grind mill. The pigment dispersion obtained here was used as polyvinyl butyral (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name B
H-3) was added to a 5% dimethoxyethane solution to finally prepare a dispersion having a solid content concentration of 4.0%.
【００２９】この様にして得られた分散液に、表面が鏡
面仕上げされた外径８０ｍｍ、長さ３４０ｍｍ、肉厚
２．０ｍｍのアルミシリンダーを浸漬塗布し、その乾燥
膜厚が約０．４μｍとなるように電荷発生層を設けた。
次にこのアルミシリンダーを、次式（２）で表わされる
ヒドラゾン化合物９５重量部と次式（３）で表わされる
シアノ化合物１．５重量部An aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 80 mm, a length of 340 mm and a wall thickness of 2.0 mm, the surface of which is mirror-finished, is dip-coated on the dispersion liquid thus obtained, and the dry film thickness is about 0.4 μm. The charge generation layer was provided so that
Next, 95 parts by weight of the hydrazone compound represented by the following formula (2) and 1.5 parts by weight of the cyano compound represented by the following formula (3) were used in the aluminum cylinder.
【００３０】[0030]
【化２】 [Chemical 2]
【００３１】及びポリカーボネート樹脂（三菱化成
（株）製ノバレックス；粘度平均分子量２０，３００）
１００重量部を、テトラヒドロフラン（沸点６６℃）４
４０重量部、マロン酸ジメチル（沸点１８４℃）４９重
量部の混合溶剤に溶解させて得た塗布液（固形分濃度３
０％、粘度１４３センチポアーズ）に浸漬塗布した後、
室温で３０分放置し、その後熱風恒温乾燥器で感光体表
面温度１３０℃で２４分間乾燥させ、乾燥後の膜厚が３
５μｍとなるように電荷移動層を設けた。And a polycarbonate resin (Novarex manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co .; viscosity average molecular weight 20,300)
100 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran (boiling point 66 ° C.) 4
40 parts by weight, a coating solution obtained by dissolving in a mixed solvent of dimethyl malonate (boiling point 184 ° C.) 49 parts by weight (solid content concentration 3
0%, viscosity 143 centipoise)
It is left at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then dried at a photoreceptor surface temperature of 130 ° C. for 24 minutes with a hot air constant temperature dryer, and the film thickness after drying is 3
The charge transfer layer was provided so as to have a thickness of 5 μm.
【００３２】この様に作製した感光体を市販の複写機に
装着して、コピー画像を調べたところ泡由来の欠陥のな
い画像が得られた。結果を表１に示す。また、帯電−露
光−除電のみの繰り返しサイクルを６０万回行ったとこ
ろ帯電電位（Ｖo ）、残留電位（Ｖr ）、感度（ＶL ）
はほとんど変化がなく、繰り返し後のコピー画像もカブ
リのない良好な画像が得られた。結果を図１に示す。The photoconductor thus prepared was mounted on a commercially available copying machine and the copy image was examined. As a result, an image free from defects derived from bubbles was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, when a repeating cycle of only charging, exposure, and charge elimination was performed 600,000 times, the charging potential (V o ), the residual potential (V r ), and the sensitivity (V L ).
Showed almost no change, and a good copy-free image was obtained even after repeated copying. The results are shown in Fig. 1.
【００３３】ここで、各々の電位の測定法を簡単に説明
する。複写機の現像槽を取除き、その部分に電位計セン
サーをとり付けた。次に複写機の原稿台上に真白な原稿
と真黒な原稿を半々に置き、この原稿を複写した際の黒
地部の電位を帯電電位（Ｖo）、白地部の電位を感度
（ＶL ）として測定した。除電後に残った電位を残留電
位（Ｖr ）として測定した。Here, a method of measuring each potential will be briefly described. The developing tank of the copying machine was removed, and an electrometer sensor was attached to the part. Next, a white document and a black document are placed in half on the document table of the copying machine, and when the document is copied, the potential of the black background is the charging potential (V o ), and the potential of the white background is the sensitivity (V L ). Was measured as. The potential remaining after the static elimination was measured as the residual potential (V r ).
【００３４】実施例２ 電荷移動層の塗布溶剤をテトラヒドロフラン３９１重量
部、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート
（沸点１４６℃）９８重量部の混合溶剤とした以外は、
実施例１と同様に行った。この様に作製した感光体を市
販の複写機に装着して、コピー画像を調べた。実施例１
と同様、泡由来の欠陥のない良好な画像が得られた。結
果を表１に示す。繰り返し特性も良好であった。Example 2 The charge transfer layer coating solvent was a mixed solvent of 391 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran and 98 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (boiling point 146 ° C.).
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed. The photoconductor thus prepared was mounted on a commercially available copying machine, and the copy image was examined. Example 1
Similar to the above, a good image having no defects derived from bubbles was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1. The repeatability was also good.
【００３５】実施例３ 電荷移動層の塗布溶剤をテトラヒドロフラン３９１重量
部、アニソール（沸点１５４℃）９８重量部の混合溶剤
とした以外は、実施例１と同様に行った。この様に作製
した感光体を市販の複写機に装着して、コピー画像を調
べた。実施例１と同様、泡由来の欠陥のない良好な画像
が得られた。結果を表１に示す。繰り返し特性も良好で
あった。Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the solvent for coating the charge transfer layer was a mixed solvent of 391 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran and 98 parts by weight of anisole (boiling point 154 ° C.). The photoconductor thus prepared was mounted on a commercially available copying machine, and the copy image was examined. Similar to Example 1, a good image free of defects derived from bubbles was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1. The repeatability was also good.
【００３６】実施例４ 電荷移動層の塗布溶剤をテトラヒドロフラン３９１重量
部、アセチルアセトン（沸点１４０．６℃）９８重量部
の混合溶剤とした以外は、実施例１と同様に行った。こ
の様に作製した感光体を市販の複写機に装着して、コピ
ー画像を調べた。実施例１と同様、泡由来の欠陥のない
良好な画像が得られた。結果を表１に示す。繰り返し特
性も良好であった。Example 4 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the coating solvent for the charge transfer layer was a mixed solvent of 391 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran and 98 parts by weight of acetylacetone (boiling point 140.6 ° C.). The photoconductor thus prepared was mounted on a commercially available copying machine, and the copy image was examined. Similar to Example 1, a good image free of defects derived from bubbles was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1. The repeatability was also good.
【００３７】比較例１ 電荷移動層の塗布溶剤をテトラヒドロフラン３１８重量
部、１，４−ジオキサン（沸点１０１．４℃）１７１重
量部の混合溶剤とした以外は、実施例１と同様に行っ
た。この様に作製した感光体を市販の複写機に装着して
コピー画像を調べたところ、泡由来の多数欠陥のある画
像となった。結果を表１に示す。Comparative Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the coating solvent for the charge transfer layer was a mixed solvent of 318 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran and 171 parts by weight of 1,4-dioxane (boiling point 101.4 ° C.). When the photoconductor thus prepared was mounted on a commercially available copying machine and a copy image was examined, an image having many defects derived from bubbles was found. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００３８】比較例２ 電荷移動層の塗布溶剤をテトラヒドロフラン３９１重量
部、ジメトキシメタン（沸点４２．３℃）９８重量部の
混合溶剤とした以外は実施例１と同様に行った。この様
に作製した感光体を市販の複写機に装着してコピー画像
を調べたところ、泡由来の多数欠陥のある画像となっ
た。結果を表１に示す。Comparative Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the coating solvent for the charge transfer layer was a mixed solvent of 391 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran and 98 parts by weight of dimethoxymethane (boiling point 42.3 ° C.). When the photoconductor thus prepared was mounted on a commercially available copying machine and a copy image was examined, an image having many defects derived from bubbles was found. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００３９】以上の結果から明らかな様に本発明では、
乾燥工程で発生する泡由来の欠陥を抑制し、コピー画像
上欠陥のない良好な画像が得られる。As is clear from the above results, in the present invention,
Defects caused by bubbles generated in the drying step are suppressed, and a good image having no defects on a copy image can be obtained.
【００４０】[0040]
【表１】 表 １ 欠陥（泡）数／ドラム１本 実施例１ ０ 〃 ２ ０ 〃 ３ ０ 〃 ４ ０ 比較例１ １０〜２０ 〃 ２ ２０〜４０[Table 1] Table 1 Number of defects (foam) / one drum Example 1 0 〃 2 0 〃 3 0 〃 4 0 Comparative Example 1 10 to 20 〃 2 20 to 40
【００４１】[0041]
【発明の効果】本発明方法によれば、塗布後の感光体の
乾燥工程において発生する泡由来の重大な欠陥を抑制さ
せ、膜の摩耗および残留電位蓄積に由来する悪影響を最
小限に抑え、高品質且つ耐刷性にすぐれた電子写真感光
体を製造することができる。According to the method of the present invention, serious defects caused by bubbles generated in the step of drying the photoreceptor after coating are suppressed, and adverse effects caused by film abrasion and residual potential accumulation are minimized. It is possible to manufacture an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high quality and excellent printing durability.
【図１】実施例１での繰返しサイクルにおける帯電電位
（Ｖo ）、残留電位（Ｖr ）及び感度（ＶL ）の変化FIG. 1 shows changes in charging potential (V o ), residual potential (V r ), and sensitivity (V L ) during repeated cycles in Example 1.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 臨 護 神奈川県横浜市緑区鴨志田町1000番地 三 菱化成株式会社総合研究所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Sango Kasei Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Sanjo Kasei Co., Ltd. 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
Claims (1)
塗布、乾燥して、膜厚２７μｍ以上の感光層を有する電
子写真感光体を製造する方法において、該感光層形成用
塗布液が、少なくとも電荷移動剤、バインダー樹脂及び
溶剤を含有し、該溶剤が、３５℃から該乾燥の温度まで
の１気圧における沸点を有する溶剤５０〜９５重量％と
該乾燥の温度を越える１気圧における沸点を有する溶剤
５０〜５重量％とからなることを特徴とする電子写真感
光体の製造方法。1. A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 27 μm or more by coating a photosensitive support coating liquid on a conductive support and drying the coating solution. Containing at least a charge transfer agent, a binder resin and a solvent, the solvent being 50 to 95% by weight of a solvent having a boiling point at 1 atm from 35 ° C. to the drying temperature and 1 atm above the drying temperature. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which comprises 50 to 5% by weight of a solvent having a boiling point.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23583192A JP3352723B2 (en) | 1992-09-03 | 1992-09-03 | Manufacturing method of electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23583192A JP3352723B2 (en) | 1992-09-03 | 1992-09-03 | Manufacturing method of electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06123987A true JPH06123987A (en) | 1994-05-06 |
| JP3352723B2 JP3352723B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23583192A Expired - Lifetime JP3352723B2 (en) | 1992-09-03 | 1992-09-03 | Manufacturing method of electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3352723B2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003173034A (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-20 | Canon Inc | Method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by the method, process cartridge with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| JP2004093809A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JP2006072090A (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-16 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the same, electrophotographic apparatus and electrophotographic process |
| JP2007066785A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-15 | Seiko Epson Corp | Formation method of pattern, organic electroluminescent device, its manufacturing method, electro-optical device, its manufacturing method, semiconductor device, and its manufacturing method |
| US7229728B2 (en) | 2003-01-10 | 2007-06-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Positively-charged electrophotographic organic photoreceptor |
| WO2013018450A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member |
| JP2015093422A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | Manufacturing method for substrate for liquid discharge head, substrate for liquid discharge head, liquid discharge head and recording device |
| US9170507B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2015-10-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| US9494882B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2016-11-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member |
-
1992
- 1992-09-03 JP JP23583192A patent/JP3352723B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003173034A (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-20 | Canon Inc | Method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by the method, process cartridge with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| JP2004093809A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| US7229728B2 (en) | 2003-01-10 | 2007-06-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Positively-charged electrophotographic organic photoreceptor |
| JP2006072090A (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-16 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the same, electrophotographic apparatus and electrophotographic process |
| JP4485294B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2010-06-16 | 株式会社リコー | Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member |
| JP2007066785A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-15 | Seiko Epson Corp | Formation method of pattern, organic electroluminescent device, its manufacturing method, electro-optical device, its manufacturing method, semiconductor device, and its manufacturing method |
| WO2013018450A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member |
| US8632935B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2014-01-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member |
| US9494882B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2016-11-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member |
| US9170507B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2015-10-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
| JP2015093422A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | Manufacturing method for substrate for liquid discharge head, substrate for liquid discharge head, liquid discharge head and recording device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3352723B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
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