JPH057463A - Feed for aquatic animal and method for culturing aquatic animal - Google Patents
Feed for aquatic animal and method for culturing aquatic animalInfo
- Publication number
- JPH057463A JPH057463A JP3302250A JP30225091A JPH057463A JP H057463 A JPH057463 A JP H057463A JP 3302250 A JP3302250 A JP 3302250A JP 30225091 A JP30225091 A JP 30225091A JP H057463 A JPH057463 A JP H057463A
- Authority
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tryptophan
- fish
- feed
- water
- cannibalism
- Prior art date
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、水生動物用飼料及び水
生動物の養殖方法に関する。特には、トリプトファン又
はその誘導体によって養殖水生動物の共食いを防止ない
し抑制し、更には成長を促進させる技術に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a feed for aquatic animals and a method for culturing aquatic animals. In particular, it relates to a technique for preventing or suppressing cannibalism of cultured aquatic animals by tryptophan or a derivative thereof and further promoting growth.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】魚類や甲殻類などの水生動物には、自然
界において共食いがしばしば観察される。魚類や甲殻類
の養殖においても、養殖魚(又は養殖甲殻類)相互の共
食いが問題となっている。更に、養殖魚(又は養殖甲殻
類)が相互に噛み合うので細菌に侵され易くなり、結局
死亡する個体が増えるという問題もある。これらの共食
い及び噛み合い(以下、本明細書では共食い及び噛み合
いの両者を含めて「共食い」として説明する)により、
出荷個数の減少や商品価値の低下が起こるので、これを
防止ないし抑制する方法が望まれているが、現在のとこ
ろこれを満足することのできる方法は見出されていな
い。2. Description of the Related Art Cannibalism is often observed in nature in aquatic animals such as fish and crustaceans. In the aquaculture of fish and crustaceans, mutual cannibalism of cultured fish (or cultured crustaceans) has become a problem. Further, there is a problem that cultured fish (or cultured crustaceans) are intermeshed with each other, so that they are easily affected by bacteria, and eventually many individuals die. By these cannibalization and engagement (hereinafter, described as "cannibalism" including both cannibalization and engagement in the present specification),
Since a decrease in the number of products shipped and a decrease in commercial value occur, a method for preventing or suppressing this is desired, but at present, no method has been found that can satisfy this.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者は、養殖魚
(又は養殖甲殻類)における前記の共食いの問題を解決
するために種々研究を行ったところ、トリプトファン又
はその誘導体を魚類又は甲殻類に与えると共食いを有効
に防止ないし抑制することができると共に、成長を促進
する効果を有することを見出した。本発明は、かかる知
見に基づくものである。The present inventor has conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned cannibalism problem in cultured fish (or cultured crustaceans), and found that tryptophan or a derivative thereof was added to fish or crustaceans. It has been found that when given, it can effectively prevent or suppress cannibalism and has an effect of promoting growth. The present invention is based on such findings.
【0004】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】従って、本発明は、トリ
プトファン又はトリプトファン誘導体を含むことを特徴
とする、水生動物用飼料に関する。更に、本発明は、ト
リプトファン又はトリプトファン誘導体の存在下に水生
動物を飼育することを特徴とする、水生動物の養殖方法
にも関する。The present invention therefore relates to a feed for aquatic animals, characterized in that it contains tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for culturing aquatic animals, which comprises breeding aquatic animals in the presence of tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative.
【0005】本発明が対象とする水生動物は、例えば魚
類及び甲殻類であって、養殖されるものである限り特に
制限されるものではない。魚類としては、例えば、フ
グ、ヒラメ、タイ、ハマチ、テラピア、ハタ、ウナギ、
コイ、マス、ドジョウ、ナマズ、金魚等がある。また、
甲殻類としては、例えば、オニテナガエビ、クルマエ
ビ、イセエビ,ロブスター、ワタリガニ、ウシエビ、タ
イショウエビなどを挙げることができる。更に、その他
の水性動物としては、スッポンを挙げることができる。The aquatic animals targeted by the present invention are, for example, fish and crustaceans, and are not particularly limited as long as they are cultured. Examples of fish include puffer fish, flounder, Thailand, yellowtail, tilapia, grouper, eel,
There are carp, trout, loach, catfish and goldfish. Also,
Examples of the crustaceans include shrimp, shrimp, lobster, lobster, blue crab, shrimp, sea shrimp and the like. Furthermore, as another aquatic animal, a turtle can be mentioned.
【0006】トリプトファンが家畜類(例えば、ウシ、
ブタ又はニワトリ)に対して精神安定作用を有すること
は知られているが、これを水産養殖に利用することは従
来知られておらず、特に、養殖魚(又は甲殻類)の共食
い防止あるいは抑制に効果があることは、本発明者が初
めて見出したものである。Tryptophan is used in livestock (eg bovine,
It is known that it has a tranquilizing effect on pigs or chickens, but its use in aquaculture has not been known so far, and in particular, it prevents or suppresses cannibalism of cultured fish (or crustaceans). The present invention has been found for the first time to have the effect.
【0007】本発明によれば、トリプトファン又はトリ
プトファン誘導体を飼料に含有させるか、あるいは養殖
用水に溶解させることによって魚類又は甲殻類に与える
ことができる。本発明で用いるトリプトファンはL体だ
けでなく、D体であることもできる。トリプトファン誘
導体としては、例えば、5─ヒドロキシトリプトファ
ン、インドールピルビン酸、又はトリプトファンの二量
体若しくは三量体、更にはトリプトファン(Trp)と
他のアミノ酸〔例えば、グリシン(Gly)、グルタミ
ン酸(Glu)又はアラニン(Ala)〕1〜2個との
ペプチド(特には、Gly-Trp 、Trp-Gly 、Ala-Trp、Glu
-Trp )を挙げることができる。According to the present invention, tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative can be fed to fish or crustaceans by containing it in feed or dissolving it in aquaculture water. The tryptophan used in the present invention can be not only the L-form but also the D-form. Examples of the tryptophan derivative include 5-hydroxytryptophan, indolepyruvate, or a dimer or trimer of tryptophan, and tryptophan (Trp) and other amino acids [eg, glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu) or Alanine (Ala)] 1-2 peptides (especially Gly-Trp, Trp-Gly, Ala-Trp, Glu
-Trp).
【0008】トリプトファン又はトリプトファン誘導体
の有効量は対象とする水生動物の種類により多少の差異
があるが、一般には、トリプトファン又はトリプトファ
ン誘導体0.01〜10重量%、好ましくは0.05〜
5重量%を含有させた飼料を用いるのが好ましい。含有
量が0.01重量%未満であると共食い防止効果が弱く
なり、10重量%を越えると生残率が低下したり投与量
の増加に伴う共食い防止効果や成長効果が得られない。
飼料としては、対象とする魚類用又は甲殻類用として従
来から公知の任意の飼料を用いることができる。The effective amount of tryptophan or tryptophan derivative varies depending on the type of aquatic animal to be treated, but generally 0.01 to 10% by weight of tryptophan or tryptophan derivative, preferably 0.05 to
It is preferable to use a feed containing 5% by weight. If the content is less than 0.01% by weight, the cannibalism-preventing effect is weakened, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the survival rate is lowered and the cannibalism-preventing effect and the growth effect due to the increase of the dose cannot be obtained.
As the feed, any feed conventionally known for the target fish or shellfish can be used.
【0009】また、トリプトファン又はトリプトファン
誘導体を飼育水に溶解させる場合にも、対象とする水生
動物の種類により多少の差異があるが、一般には、飼育
水中にトリプトファンを0.01ppm 〜1000ppm 、
好ましくは1.0ppm 〜100ppm で存在させる。存在
量が1000ppm を越えても存在量の増加に伴う共食い
防止効果の向上が得られないので経済的に不利になり、
存在量が0.01ppmより少ないと共食い防止効果が弱
くなる。Also, when tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative is dissolved in breeding water, there are some differences depending on the kind of the aquatic animal to be treated, but in general, tryptophan in the breeding water is 0.01 ppm to 1000 ppm,
It is preferably present at 1.0 ppm to 100 ppm. Even if the abundance exceeds 1000 ppm, the cannibalism prevention effect cannot be improved with the increase of the abundance, which is economically disadvantageous.
If the amount is less than 0.01 ppm, the effect of preventing cannibalism becomes weak.
【0010】対象とする魚類又は甲殻類に対してトリプ
トファン又はトリプトファン誘導体を与えるには、飼料
への含有、又は養殖用水への溶解のいずれか一方の手段
を採用するだけでなく、両者を併用することもできる。In order to give tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative to the target fish or crustacean, not only the means of inclusion in feed or the dissolution in aquaculture water is adopted, but both are used in combination. You can also
【0011】[0011]
【実施例】以下、実施例によって本発明を更に具体的に
説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定され
るものではない。以下の実施例において特に断らない限
り、%は重量%である。例1
孵化後8日のナマズ〔日本産ナマズ;Parasilurus asot
us(Linne) 〕(平均体重0.3g)をガラス水槽(60
×30×30cm)中に入れて飼育し、トリプトファンに
よる共食い防止効果を調べた。即ち、L−トリプトファ
ン(関東化学製)を各種の濃度(1日目及び2日目は表
1に記載の濃度、そして3日目以後はそれらの1/3の
濃度)で飼育水中に溶解させ、止水及び通気条件下で水
温19〜22℃にて各群100尾を飼育し、7日後の生
残尾数を計数した。飼料としては、新鮮魚貝類を主原料
とするペースト状ウナギ餌付け用飼料を、魚体重1g当
たり0.3g用いた。結果を表1に示す。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples,% is% by weight unless otherwise specified. Example 1 Catfish 8 days after hatching [catfish from Japan; Parasilurus asot
us (Linne)] (average weight 0.3g) in a glass tank (60
(30 × 30 cm) and bred to examine the cannibalism-preventing effect of tryptophan. That is, L-tryptophan (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) was dissolved in breeding water at various concentrations (concentrations shown in Table 1 on the first and second days, and 1/3 of those on the third and subsequent days). Under the conditions of still water and aeration, 100 fish in each group were bred at a water temperature of 19 to 22 ° C., and the number of surviving fish after 7 days was counted. As the feed, 0.3 g per 1 g of fish weight was used as a paste-like eel feeding feed mainly composed of fresh fish and shellfish. The results are shown in Table 1.
【0012】例2
供試魚として孵化後23日の前記例1と同様の日本産ナ
マズ(平均体重0.4g)を用い、前記例1と同様の試
験を実施した。即ち、4個のガラス水槽(60×30×
30cm)中に各群50尾のナマズを入れ、L−トリプト
ファン(関東化学製)10ppm を飼育水中に溶解させ、
止水及び通気条件下で、水温19〜22℃にて飼育し、
3〜5日後の生残尾数を計数した。飼料としては、前記
例1と同様のペースト状ウナギ餌付け用飼料を、魚体重
1g当たり0.3g用いた。結果を表2に示す。 Example 2 As a test fish, the same Japanese catfish (average weight 0.4 g) as in Example 1 on the 23rd day after hatching was used and the same test as in Example 1 was performed. That is, four glass water tanks (60 x 30 x
50 cm of catfish in each group were placed in 30 cm) and 10 ppm of L-tryptophan (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku) was dissolved in the breeding water,
Under static and aerated conditions, breed at a water temperature of 19-22 ° C,
The number of surviving fish after 3 to 5 days was counted. As the feed, the same paste-like eel feeding feed as in Example 1 was used at 0.3 g per 1 g of fish weight. The results are shown in Table 2.
【0013】例3
孵化後24日の前記例1と同様の日本産ナマズ〔計20
0尾(50尾×4群):平均体重0.6g〕を、それぞ
れ4個のガラス水槽(60×30×30cm)中に入れて
飼育し、トリプトファンによる共食い防止効果を調べ
た。即ち、前記例1と同様のペースト状ウナギ餌付け用
飼料にL−トリプトファン(関東化学製)を表3に記載
の濃度で添加し、得られた飼料を各水槽に対して1日当
たり魚体重の8.3%に相当する量で与えた。飼育は、
流水(2リットル/分)下で通気しながら、水温24℃
にて21日間行った。但し、5日目、12日目及び19
日目には給餌を行わなかった。結果を表3に示す。 Example 3 Japanese catfish similar to that of Example 1 24 days after hatching (total 20)
0 fish (50 fish x 4 group): average body weight of 0.6 g] was put in each of four glass water tanks (60 x 30 x 30 cm) and bred, and the effect of preventing cannibalism by tryptophan was examined. That is, L-tryptophan (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) was added to the same paste-like eel feeding feed as in Example 1 at the concentration shown in Table 3, and the obtained feed was added to each aquarium at 8 fish body weight per day. It was given in an amount corresponding to 0.3%. Breeding
While ventilating under running water (2 liters / minute), water temperature 24 ℃
I went there for 21 days. However, 5th day, 12th day and 19th
No feeding was done on the day. The results are shown in Table 3.
【0014】例4
孵化後36日の例1と同様の日本産ナマズ〔計200尾
(50尾×4群):平均体重1.2g〕を、それぞれ4
個のガラス水槽(60×30×30cm)中に入れて飼育
し、トリプトファンによる共食い防止効果を調べた。即
ち、前記例3と同様のウナギ餌付け用飼料にL−トリプ
トファン(関東化学製)を表4記載の各濃度で添加し、
得られた飼料を各水槽に対して1日当たり魚体重の8.
3%に相当する量で与えた。飼育は、流水(2リットル
/分)下で通気しながら、水温24℃にて7日間行っ
た。但し、7日目には給餌を行わなかった。結果を表4
に示す。 Example 4 Japanese catfish similar to Example 1 36 days after hatching (total of 200 fish (50 fish x 4 groups): average body weight 1.2 g) were each taken 4 times.
They were placed in individual glass water tanks (60 × 30 × 30 cm) and bred, and the cannibalism-preventing effect of tryptophan was examined. That is, L-tryptophan (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku) was added to the same eel feed as in Example 3 at each concentration shown in Table 4,
The obtained feed was used for each aquarium to obtain the fish weight of 8.
It was given in an amount corresponding to 3%. Breeding was carried out for 7 days at a water temperature of 24 ° C. while aerating under running water (2 liters / minute). However, feeding was not performed on the 7th day. The results are shown in Table 4.
Shown in.
【0015】例5
孵化後46日の例1と同様の日本産ナマズ〔計160尾
(20尾×8群):平均体重2.1g〕を、それぞれ8
個のガラス水槽(60×30×30cm)中に入れて飼育
し、トリプトファンによる共食い防止効果を調べた。実
験は、8群を2群ずつ4区に分け、各区に濃度の異なる
トリプトファンを含む試料を与えた。即ち、前記例3と
同様のウナギ餌付け用飼料にL−トリプトファン(関東
化学製)を表5記載の各濃度で添加し、得られた飼料を
各水槽に対して1日当たり魚体重の8.3%に相当する
量で与えた。飼育は、流水(2リットル/分)下で通気
しながら、水温24℃にて10日間行った。但し、4日
目には給餌を行わなかった。結果を表5に示す。数値は
各区2群の平均値である。 Example 5 Japanese catfish similar to that in Example 1 46 days after hatching (total 160 fish (20 fish x 8 groups): average body weight 2.1 g) were used for 8 times each.
They were placed in individual glass water tanks (60 × 30 × 30 cm) and bred, and the cannibalism-preventing effect of tryptophan was examined. In the experiment, 8 groups were divided into 4 groups with 2 groups, and samples containing tryptophan with different concentrations were given to each group. That is, L-tryptophan (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku) was added to the same eel feeding feed as in Example 3 at each concentration shown in Table 5, and the obtained feed was fed to each aquarium at 8.3 fish weight per day. It is given in an amount corresponding to%. Breeding was performed at a water temperature of 24 ° C. for 10 days while aerating under running water (2 liters / minute). However, feeding was not performed on the 4th day. The results are shown in Table 5. The numerical value is the average value of 2 groups in each ward.
【0016】例6
以下の例6〜例8の実験では、海水10リットルを含む
アクリル樹脂製水槽(縦35cm×横20cm×深さ24c
m)中にて軽いエアレーションをかけながら、トリプト
ファン含有飼料を用いて、ヒラメ(Paralichthys oliva
ceus)の稚魚を飼育し、トリプトファン含有飼料を与え
た場合の効果を調べた。実験期間中は、水槽内の海水の
半量を毎日取り替えた。また、使用した海水は、三重県
浜島町で取水した海水を供試魚入手先の海水の塩分濃度
(例6=29.5%;例7=29.5%;例8=33.
0%)と同じになるように調整したものである。トリプ
トファン含有飼料の調製及び給餌は、海産魚用初期飼料
(日本農産工業、3,4号)にL─トリプトファン(関
東化学製)を各種の濃度で混合させ、少量の水を滴下し
て飼料に吸着させ、およその飽食量(魚体重の4〜5%
相当量)を1日2回に分けて給餌することによって行っ
た。また、各実験区の生残率は、2回の繰り返し実験の
結果から求めた。[0016] In Experimental example 6 The following Example 6 Example 8, the acrylic resin water tank containing 10 liters seawater (vertical 35 cm × horizontal 20 cm × depth 24c
flounder (Paralichthys oliva) using tryptophan-containing feed with light aeration in
Ceus) fry were bred and the effect of feeding a feed containing tryptophan was examined. During the experiment, half of the seawater in the aquarium was replaced every day. The seawater used was seawater taken in Hamashima-cho, Mie Prefecture. The salinity of the seawater from which the sample fish was obtained (Example 6 = 29.5%; Example 7 = 29.5%; Example 8 = 33.
It was adjusted to be the same as (0%). Preparation and feeding of tryptophan-containing feed is carried out by mixing L-tryptophan (Kanto Kagaku) at various concentrations with an initial feed for marine fish (Nippon Nosan Kogyo, No. 3, 4) and adding a small amount of water to the feed. Adsorbed and consumed approximately (4-5% of fish weight)
(Corresponding amount) was divided into twice a day and fed. The survival rate of each experimental plot was calculated from the results of two repeated experiments.
【0017】本例では、各実験区において孵化後46日
の大型ヒラメ稚魚〔全長19.5〜27.0mm(平均2
3.5mm);体重90〜160mg(平均100mg)〕5
0尾と小型ヒラメ稚魚〔全長19.5〜20.0mm(平
均19.8mm);体重70〜80mg(平均72mg)〕5
0尾を7日目までは別々の水槽で飼育し(各実験区でほ
ぼ同数の魚が生残した)、8日目から同じ水槽に移し
て、以後24日目まで飼育し、トリプトファンの効果を
調べた。実験は水温17.0±0.6℃で行った。実験
開始から8日目以後の結果を表6に示す。なお、表6に
おいて、供試魚数の欄に記載の数値は実験開始から7日
目の各区の生残数である。In this example, large flounder fry [total length 19.5 to 27.0 mm (average 2
3.5 mm); body weight 90-160 mg (average 100 mg)] 5
0 fish and small flounder fry [total length 19.5 to 20.0 mm (average 19.8 mm); body weight 70 to 80 mg (average 72 mg)] 5
The 0 fish were kept in separate aquariums until the 7th day (almost the same number of fish survived in each experimental group), transferred to the same aquarium from the 8th day, and raised until the 24th day thereafter, and the effect of tryptophan I checked. The experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 17.0 ± 0.6 ° C. The results after 8 days from the start of the experiment are shown in Table 6. In addition, in Table 6, the numerical value described in the column of the number of test fish is the number of survivors in each plot on the 7th day from the start of the experiment.
【0018】例7
本例では供試魚数を多くして共食い強度を大きくし、そ
れに対するトリプトファンの効果を調べた。具体的に
は、各実験区において孵化後80日の大型ヒラメ稚魚と
小型ヒラメ稚魚とを半数ずつ混合し〔全長16.2〜2
8.5mm(平均23.6mm);体重50〜190mg(平
均124mg)〕、計200尾を10日間にわたって飼育
してトリプトファンの効果を調べた。実験は水温17.
0±0.6℃で行った。実験開始から10日目までの結
果(2実験区の合計)を表7に示す。 Example 7 In this example, the number of test fish was increased to increase the cannibalism, and the effect of tryptophan on it was examined. Specifically, in each experimental section, large-sized flounder fry 80 days after hatching and small flounder fry were mixed in half by half [total length 16.2-2.
8.5 mm (average 23.6 mm); body weight 50 to 190 mg (average 124 mg)], a total of 200 fish were bred for 10 days to examine the effect of tryptophan. The water temperature was 17.
Performed at 0 ± 0.6 ° C. Table 7 shows the results (total of 2 experimental plots) from the start of the experiment to the 10th day.
【0019】例8
本例では4種のトリプトファン含有ペプチドの効果を調
べた。4種のペプチドは、グリシルトリプトファン(Gl
y-Trp )、トリプトフィルグリシン(Trp-Gly)、アラ
ニルトリプトファン(Ala-Trp )及びグルタミルトリプ
トファン(Glu-Trp )であり、これらペプチド0.5%
を含有する飼料を用いた。供試魚は孵化後47日のもの
で、各実験区で選別前の大小混合群100尾〔全長2
2.0〜33.5mm(平均28.6mm);体重90〜2
60mg(平均200mg)〕を用い、17日間の生残率を
調べた。実験は水温18.8±0.4℃で行った。結果
(2実験区の合計)を表8に示す。 Example 8 In this example, the effect of four tryptophan-containing peptides was investigated. The four peptides are glycyltryptophan (Gl
y-Trp), tryptophyllglycine (Trp-Gly), alanyltryptophan (Ala-Trp) and glutamyltryptophan (Glu-Trp), 0.5% of these peptides
The feed containing was used. The test fish were 47 days after hatching, and 100 fish of each mixed size group before and after selection [total length 2
2.0-33.5 mm (average 28.6 mm); weight 90-2
60 mg (average 200 mg)] was used to examine the survival rate for 17 days. The experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 18.8 ± 0.4 ° C. The results (total of 2 experimental plots) are shown in Table 8.
【0020】例9
本例では、孵化後約120日のトラフグ(Takifugu rub
ripes )の稚魚に対してトリプトファン含有飼料を与え
た場合の効果を調べた。具体的には、各実験区でトラフ
グ稚魚10尾を、海水10リットルを含む水槽(縦40
cm×横25cm×深さ25cm)中にてエアレーションをか
けながら、換水率2リットル/分の飼育条件で、トリプ
トファン0%(対照)、0.1%及び0.5%を添加し
た飼料(イトミン;日本農産工業製)を用い、1日当り
総魚体重の約10%の量で給餌し、実験開始前と1週間
経過後の体長(口先から尾の付け根までの距離)、体
重、尾長(付け根から先端までの距離)及び臀鰭長(付
け根から先端までの距離)を測定し、結果を表9〜表1
1に示した。なお、トリプトファンの添加量は、前記飼
料の水分含有量を80%と仮定し、乾物重量に対する添
加量で表示した。また、実験は水温18〜22℃で行っ
た。 Example 9 In this example, Takifugu rub approximately 120 days after hatching
The effect of feeding tryptophan-containing feed to juvenile ripes) was investigated. Specifically, in each experimental area, 10 juvenile troughfish were placed in an aquarium containing 10 liters of seawater (vertical 40
cm × width 25 cm × depth 25 cm), while feeding aeration, with a feed rate of 2 l / min of water exchange rate, tryptophan 0% (control), 0.1% and 0.5% added feed (itomin) (Nippon Agricultural Industry Co., Ltd.) was fed with an amount of about 10% of the total fish weight per day, and the body length (distance from the tip of the mouth to the base of the tail), weight, and tail length (the base) before the start of the experiment and after 1 week To the tip) and anal fin length (distance from the root to the tip), and the results are shown in Tables 9 to 1.
Shown in 1. The amount of tryptophan added was expressed as the amount added with respect to the dry matter weight, assuming that the water content of the feed was 80%. The experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 18 to 22 ° C.
【0021】例10
本例では、孵化後180日のトラフグに対してトリプト
ファン含有飼料を与えた場合の効果を調べた。具体的に
は、各実験区でトラフグ20尾を、海水400リットル
を含む500リットルの水槽中にてエアレーションをか
けながら、換水率15リットル/分の飼育条件で、トリ
プトファン0%(対照)、0.1%、0.5%及び1.
0%を添加したネリ餌(日本農産工業製)を用い、1日
当り総魚体重の約10%の量で給餌し、実験開始前と3
1日経過後の体重及び生残尾数を測定した。結果を表1
2及び表13に示す。また、実験は水温18〜22℃で
行った。 Example 10 [0021] In this example, the effect of feeding a tryptophan-containing feed to troughs 180 days after hatching was examined. Specifically, 20 troughfish in each experimental section were aerated in a 500-liter aquarium containing 400 liters of seawater, and a tryptophan 0% (control), 0% under a breeding condition of a water exchange rate of 15 liters / minute. .1%, 0.5% and 1.
Neri bait (manufactured by Nippon Nosan Kogyo Co., Ltd.) supplemented with 0% was fed at an amount of about 10% of the total fish weight per day.
The body weight and the number of surviving tails after one day were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
2 and Table 13. The experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 18 to 22 ° C.
【0022】例11
本例では、孵化後約50日のオニテナガエビ(Machro b
rachium )に対してトリプトファン含有飼料を与えた場
合の効果を調べた。具体的には、各実験区でオニテナガ
エビ40尾、80尾又は120尾を、淡水6リットルを
含む10リットルの円形水槽中にてエアレーションをか
けながら、換水率3リットル/日の飼育条件で、トリプ
トファン0%(対照)、0.1%、0.5%及び1.5
%を添加した配合飼料(カゼインを主成分とする)を用
い、1日当りエビ総体重の約4%の量で給餌し、12日
間の生残率又は生残数の変化を測定し、結果を図1(飼
育密度40尾/水槽)、図2(飼育密度80尾/水槽)
及び図3(飼育密度1200尾/水槽)に示した。図1
及び図2において生残率は、トリプトファン添加群の生
残数を対照群の生残数で除した商を100倍したもので
ある。なお、各実験は水温28℃で行った。図1〜図3
において、aはトリプトファン0%含有飼料、bはトリ
プトファン0.1%含有飼料、cはトリプトファン0.
5%含有飼料、そしてdはトリプトファン1.5%含有
飼料である。 Example 11 In this example, about 50 days after hatching, the green shrimp (Machro b.
The effect of feeding a diet containing tryptophan to rachium) was investigated. Specifically, while aerating 40, 80, or 120 shrimp shrimp in each experimental section in a 10-liter circular water tank containing 6 liters of fresh water, under a breeding condition of 3 liters / day of water exchange rate, Tryptophan 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5
% Of compounded feed (casein is the main component) was added to the shrimp per day at an amount of about 4%, and the survival rate or change in the survival number for 12 days was measured. Figure 1 (brooding density 40 fish / water tank), Figure 2 (breeding density 80 fish / water tank)
3 and FIG. 3 (rearing density 1200 fish / water tank). Figure 1
In addition, in FIG. 2, the survival rate is 100 times the quotient obtained by dividing the survival number of the tryptophan-added group by the survival number of the control group. Each experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 28 ° C. 1 to 3
A is a feed containing 0% tryptophan, b is a feed containing 0.1% tryptophan, and c is a feed containing 0.
5% feed, and d is tryptophan 1.5% feed.
【0023】例12
本例では、孵化後約60日のオニテナガエビをトリプト
ファン含有水中で飼育する場合の効果を調べた。具体的
には、各実験区でオニテナガエビ40尾を淡水6リット
ルを含む10リットルの円形水槽中にてエアレーション
をかけながら、換水率3リットル/日の飼育条件で、ト
リプトファン0ppm (対照)、10ppm、100ppm 及
び5,000ppmを含有する淡水を用い、7日間の生残数を測
定した。なお、配合飼料(カゼインを主成分とする)を
1日当りエビ総体重の約4%の量で給餌した。結果を図
4に示す。図4において線1はトリプトファン0ppm 含
有淡水使用の場合(対照)、線2はトリプトファン10
ppm 含有淡水使用の場合、線3はトリプトファン100
ppm 含有淡水使用の場合、そして線4はトリプトファン
5,000ppm含有淡水使用の場合をそれぞれ示す。なお、各
実験は水温28℃で行った。 Example 12 In this example, the effect of breeding the shrimp, Prawn shrimp about 60 days after hatching, in tryptophan-containing water was examined. Specifically, in each experimental section, 40 agar shrimp were aerated in a 10-liter circular aquarium containing 6 liters of fresh water, and tryptophan 0 ppm (control), 10 ppm under a breeding condition of a water exchange rate of 3 liters / day. The survival number for 7 days was measured using fresh water containing 100 ppm and 5,000 ppm. The compounded feed (mainly containing casein) was fed in an amount of about 4% of the total shrimp body weight per day. The results are shown in Fig. 4. In FIG. 4, line 1 is the case of using fresh water containing 0 ppm tryptophan (control), line 2 is tryptophan 10
Line 3 shows tryptophan 100 when using ppm-containing fresh water.
When using ppm fresh water, and line 4 is tryptophan
The case of using fresh water containing 5,000 ppm is shown below. Each experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 28 ° C.
【0024】例13
本例では、クルマエビ(Peneus japonicus)に対して、
グリシルトリプトファン(Gly-Trp )及びトリプトフィ
ルグリシン(Trp-Gly )を飼育水に添加して脱皮数を調
べた。具体的には、孵化後20日のクルマエビ(平均体
長約5mm)各群12尾(計3群)を、海水200mlを含
む500mlビーカー(底面直径8cm)中にてエアレーシ
ョンをかけながら、1日当りエビ1尾につき孵化後4日
目のアルテミア5〜10尾を与えた。6日目の結果を表
14及び表15に示す。なお、各実験は水温28℃で行
った。 Example 13 In this example, for prawns (Peneus japonicus),
Glycyltryptophan (Gly-Trp) and tryptophyllglycine (Trp-Gly) were added to the breeding water and the number of molt was examined. Specifically, 12 days after hatching, prawns (average body length of about 5 mm) 12 per group (3 groups in total) are aerated in a 500 ml beaker (bottom diameter 8 cm) containing 200 ml of seawater per day. 5-10 Artemias on the 4th day after hatching were given to each. The results on day 6 are shown in Tables 14 and 15. Each experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 28 ° C.
【0025】例14
本例では、クルマエビを、トリプトフィルグリシン(Tr
p-Gly )、アラニルトリプトファン(Ala-Trp )及びL
─トリプトファン含有海水中で飼育し、死亡数又は共食
い数を調べた。具体的には、孵化後20日のクルマエビ
(平均体長約5mm)各群12尾(計3群)を、海水20
0mlを含む500mlビーカー(底面直径8cm)中にてエ
アレーションをかけながら、各種濃度でトリプトファン
又はその誘導体を含有する海水中で6日間飼育した。6
日目の結果を表16〜表18に示す。なお、各実験は水
温28℃で行った。 Example 14 In this example, prawns were treated with tryptophyllglycine (Tr
p-Gly), alanyltryptophan (Ala-Trp) and L
-The animals were bred in tryptophan-containing seawater and examined for mortality or cannibalism. Specifically, 12 prawns (average body length of about 5 mm) 12 days after hatching each group (total 3 groups) were treated with seawater 20
The mixture was aerated in a 500 ml beaker (bottom diameter 8 cm) containing 0 ml while being aerated in seawater containing tryptophan or its derivative at various concentrations for 6 days. 6
The results on the day are shown in Tables 16-18. Each experiment was conducted at a water temperature of 28 ° C.
【0026】[0026]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、水生動物(特には、養
殖魚又は養殖甲殻類)の共食いを有効に抑制すると共
に、成長の促進をはかることができる。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, cannibalism of aquatic animals (particularly, cultured fish or cultured crustaceans) can be effectively suppressed and growth can be promoted.
【0027】[0027]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0028】[0028]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0029】[0029]
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0030】[0030]
【表4】 [Table 4]
【0031】[0031]
【表5】 [Table 5]
【0032】[0032]
【表6】 [Table 6]
【0033】[0033]
【表7】 [Table 7]
【0034】[0034]
【表8】 [Table 8]
【0035】[0035]
【表9】 [Table 9]
【0036】[0036]
【表10】 [Table 10]
【0037】[0037]
【表11】 [Table 11]
【0038】[0038]
【表12】 [Table 12]
【0039】[0039]
【表13】 [Table 13]
【0040】[0040]
【表14】 [Table 14]
【0041】[0041]
【表15】 [Table 15]
【0042】[0042]
【表16】 [Table 16]
【0043】[0043]
【表17】 [Table 17]
【0044】[0044]
【表18】 [Table 18]
【図1】オニテナガエビの共食いに対するトリプトファ
ンの影響を低飼育密度で調べた結果を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of examining the effect of tryptophan on the cannibalism of Shrimp lobster at a low breeding density.
【図2】オニテナガエビの共食いに対するトリプトファ
ンの影響を中程度の飼育密度で調べた結果を示すグラフ
である。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of investigating the effect of tryptophan on the cannibalism of Shrimp lobster at a medium rearing density.
【図3】オニテナガエビの共食いに対するトリプトファ
ンの影響を高飼育密度で調べた結果を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of examining the effect of tryptophan on the cannibalism of Shrimp lobster at high breeding density.
【図4】トリプトファン含有飼育水中においけるオニテ
ナガエビの生残数の変化を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the number of surviving shrimp shrimp in the tryptophan-containing breeding water.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成3年11月28日[Submission date] November 28, 1991
【手続補正2】[Procedure Amendment 2]
【補正対象書類名】図面[Document name to be corrected] Drawing
【補正対象項目名】図4[Name of item to be corrected] Fig. 4
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【図4】 [Figure 4]
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 鈴木 弘 静岡県藤枝市大州4丁目8番地の6 (72)発明者 柏木 正章 三重県津市南新町13番1号 合同宿舎古河 住宅 1−104 (72)発明者 手島 新一 鹿児島県鹿児島市下荒田4丁目50−6−44 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Suzuki 6-8-4 Oshu, Fujieda City, Shizuoka Prefecture (72) Inventor Masaaki Kashiwagi Furukawa, 13-1, Minamishinmachi, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture Housing 1-104 (72) Inventor Shinichi Teshima Kagoshima Prefecture Kagoshima City Shimoarata 4-chome 50-6-44
Claims (2)
体を含むことを特徴とする、水生動物用飼料。1. A feed for aquatic animals, which comprises tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative.
体の存在下に水生動物を飼育することを特徴とする、水
生動物の養殖方法。2. A method for culturing aquatic animals, which comprises breeding aquatic animals in the presence of tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2-283752 | 1990-10-22 | ||
JP28375290 | 1990-10-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH057463A true JPH057463A (en) | 1993-01-19 |
Family
ID=17669653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP3302250A Pending JPH057463A (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1991-10-21 | Feed for aquatic animal and method for culturing aquatic animal |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH057463A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7069876B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2006-07-04 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
WO2006078061A1 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Kinki University | Method for preventing abnormal behavior of tuna |
US7121227B2 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2006-10-17 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
-
1991
- 1991-10-21 JP JP3302250A patent/JPH057463A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7069876B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2006-07-04 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
US7121227B2 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2006-10-17 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
WO2006078061A1 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | Kinki University | Method for preventing abnormal behavior of tuna |
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