JPH0570596A - Manufacture of fine particles of low-molecular-weight polyolefin and electrostatic toner - Google Patents

Manufacture of fine particles of low-molecular-weight polyolefin and electrostatic toner

Info

Publication number
JPH0570596A
JPH0570596A JP3096024A JP9602491A JPH0570596A JP H0570596 A JPH0570596 A JP H0570596A JP 3096024 A JP3096024 A JP 3096024A JP 9602491 A JP9602491 A JP 9602491A JP H0570596 A JPH0570596 A JP H0570596A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polyolefin
fine particles
particles
solvent
toner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP3096024A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3129465B2 (en
Inventor
Kenkichi Muto
憲吉 武藤
Haapaa Ian
ハーパー イアン
Yoshihiro Suguro
嘉博 勝呂
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP03096024A priority Critical patent/JP3129465B2/en
Publication of JPH0570596A publication Critical patent/JPH0570596A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3129465B2 publication Critical patent/JP3129465B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a process for manufacturing fine low-mol.-wt. polyolefin particles suitable for the formation of an offset-preventive layer through fixation thereof on the surfaces of colored resin particles and a toner prepared using such fine particles which is uniform in static electrification, capable of forming a clear image and excellent in fixability and durability. CONSTITUTION:A process for pulverizing a low-mol.-wt. polyolefin by dissolving the polyolefin in a solvent capable of dissolving the polyolefin through heating and having an m.p. of at least 0 deg.C, cooling the resulting soln. quickly to freeze the solvent, and keeping the system at or above the vapor pressure of the solvent to remove the solvent to thereby obtain fine particles of the polyolefin. A mechanical impact force is used to fix the fine low-mol.-wt. polyolefin particles manufactured as above onto the surfaces of colored resin particles to thereby obtain an electrostatic toner.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、粉体の表面改質、特に
静電荷像現像用トナ―の表面改質に適した低分子量ポリ
オレフィン微粉末の製造方法及びそれを用いた静電荷現
像用トナ―に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a low molecular weight polyolefin fine powder suitable for surface modification of powder, particularly surface modification of toner for electrostatic image development, and electrostatic charge development using the same. Regarding toner.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、ポリオレフィンの微粒子化の方法
としては、機械粉砕法、溶解法、分散法の三つの方法が
知られている。機械粉砕法は、高剪断力或いは高速気流
による衝突力等により微粒化する方法であるが、低分子
量ポリオレフィンにおいてはその粘着性延展性が大であ
るため、微粒子を得る事は全く不可能である。溶解法は
ポリオレフィンを溶媒に溶解し冷却し微粒子を析出させ
るか或いは溶液を貧溶媒に滴下し微粒子を析出させた後
溶媒を除去し微粒子を得る方法であるが、条件によって
は微粒子を得ることができるものの、その粒径分布は広
く且つ多量の溶媒を使用する必要がある。特に低分子量
ポリオレフィンの場合には、極低分子量で非結晶結成分
を含有する再溶媒に易溶でロスを生ずるばかりでなく析
出した微粒子が粘着性となり単一の微粒子として得るこ
とが困難である。分散法はポリオレフィンを溶剤に溶解
し或いは溶融し種々の分散安定剤の存在下、高剪断力に
より水に分散させる方法で特公昭39−2395号、特
公昭51−25371号、特開平1−261425号等
にその技術が開示されているが、比較的多量に使用され
る分散安定剤の除去が困難であり、分散安定剤は親水性
であるため特に静電荷現像用トナ―の改質に用いるには
不適当であり、また1.5μm以下の粒子を得ることも
困難である。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, three methods known as a method of forming fine particles of polyolefin are known: a mechanical pulverization method, a dissolution method and a dispersion method. The mechanical pulverization method is a method of atomizing by a high shearing force or a collision force by a high-speed air flow, etc., but in a low molecular weight polyolefin, its adhesive spreadability is large, and thus it is impossible to obtain fine particles at all. .. The dissolution method is a method in which polyolefin is dissolved in a solvent and cooled to precipitate fine particles, or a solution is dropped into a poor solvent to precipitate fine particles and then the solvent is removed to obtain fine particles, but fine particles may be obtained depending on conditions. However, the particle size distribution is wide and it is necessary to use a large amount of solvent. Especially in the case of low molecular weight polyolefin, it is difficult to obtain a single fine particle because the fine particles deposited are not only easy to dissolve in a resolving solvent containing an amorphous component with a very low molecular weight but also cause loss, and become sticky. .. The dispersion method is a method in which polyolefin is dissolved or melted in a solvent and dispersed in water by high shearing force in the presence of various dispersion stabilizers, JP-B-39-2395, JP-B-51-25371, and JP-A-1-261425. However, it is difficult to remove the dispersion stabilizer used in a relatively large amount, and since the dispersion stabilizer is hydrophilic, it is particularly used for modifying toner for electrostatic charge development. However, it is also difficult to obtain particles of 1.5 μm or less.

【0003】また、分散法の変形として特開平1−19
8634号には、ポリオレフィンを液状の有機化合物に
溶融分散後冷却の後有機化合物を溶媒で抽出除去する方
法が開示されているが、低分子量ポリオレフィンでは溶
融分散の際或いは溶媒による抽出の際低分子量物或いは
非結晶分が有機化合物或いは溶媒に溶解され収率が著し
く低下すると共に微粒子を溶媒と分離する際に粒子同士
が固着し単一の粒子として得る事が困難である。最近、
機械的衝撃力を用い無機粉体、或いは樹脂粉体等の母粒
子表面に微粒子を打ち込むか、成膜膜化し、母粒子の粉
体の特性を改良する方法が行われている。
As a modification of the dispersion method, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-19
No. 8634 discloses a method in which a polyolefin is melt-dispersed in a liquid organic compound and then the organic compound is extracted and removed with a solvent after cooling, but in the case of a low-molecular-weight polyolefin, a low-molecular weight is used in the melt-dispersion or the extraction with a solvent. The substance or the non-crystalline component is dissolved in the organic compound or the solvent to significantly reduce the yield, and when the fine particles are separated from the solvent, the particles are fixed to each other and it is difficult to obtain a single particle. Recently,
A method of improving the characteristics of the powder of the mother particles by implanting fine particles on the surface of the mother particles such as an inorganic powder or a resin powder by using a mechanical impact force or forming a film into a film is performed.

【0004】また、静電荷現像用トナ―において樹脂と
着色剤からなる母体粒子表面にオフセット防止剤として
低分子量ポリオレフィン等を機械的衝撃力を用い打ち込
む事が開示されている。(特開昭63−300245
他)この様な機械的衝撃力を用い微粒子を母体表面に均
一に打ち込む方法においては微粒子の粒径は母体粒子の
粒径の1/5好ましくは1/10で且つ粒径分布は均一
である事が好ましい。
Further, it has been disclosed that in a toner for electrostatic charge development, a low molecular weight polyolefin or the like as an anti-offset agent is driven into a surface of a base particle composed of a resin and a colorant by using a mechanical impact force. (JP-A-63-300245
Others) In the method of uniformly implanting fine particles on the surface of the base material using such mechanical impact force, the particle diameter of the fine particles is ⅕, preferably 1/10, of the diameter of the base particles and the particle size distribution is uniform. Things are preferred.

【0005】しかし、低分子量ポリオレフィンで粒径が
2μm以下好ましくは1μm以下で粒径分布の狭い微粒
子を収率良く製造する方法は知られていない。又、一方
電子写真感光体や静電記録体などの上に形成された静電
潜像を現像する手段としては、液体現像剤を用いる方法
(湿式現像法)と、結着樹脂中に染料、顔料等の着色
剤、更には必要に応じて離型剤帯電制御剤等を分散させ
たトナ―あるいはこのトナ―を固体キャリアと混合した
一成分型ないし二成分型乾式現像剤を用いる方式(乾式
現像法)とが一般に採用されている。そして、これら方
式にはそれぞれ長所・短所があるが、現在では、乾式現
像法が多く利用されている。
However, there is no known method for producing fine particles of a low molecular weight polyolefin having a particle size of 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less and having a narrow particle size distribution in good yield. On the other hand, as a means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor or electrostatic recording body, a method using a liquid developer (wet developing method), a dye in a binder resin, A toner in which a colorant such as a pigment and, if necessary, a release agent and a charge control agent are dispersed, or a one-component or two-component dry developer in which the toner is mixed with a solid carrier (dry method Development method) is generally adopted. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, but at present, the dry development method is widely used.

【0006】ところで、高画質、高耐久性をもたらすた
めには、前記トナ―に小粒径であること、粒度分布が狭
いこと、表面形状が滑らかであること及び帯電制御剤が
均一に分散されていることなどが要求される。即ち、粒
径は解像力、シャ―プ度、ハ―フト―ン再現性などに影
響し、粒度分布巾が広いと特定粒径の選択現像が生じ、
耐久性に支障をきたす。表面形状はそれが滑らかでない
場合、現像部撹拌時のストレスにより、表面にて部分粉
砕が生じて超微粉体が発生し、それが、二成分型現像剤
においてはキャリアへの融着、帯電劣化を引き起こし、
一成分型現像剤においてはトナ―薄膜用部材への融着が
生じ、白スジの原因となる。また帯電制御剤のトナ―に
おける不均一分散は地汚れを発生させる。
In order to obtain high image quality and high durability, the toner has a small particle size, a narrow particle size distribution, a smooth surface shape, and a charge control agent dispersed uniformly. Are required. In other words, the particle size affects the resolution, sharpness, and halftone reproducibility, and a wide particle size distribution causes selective development of a specific particle size.
Difficulty in durability. If the surface shape is not smooth, due to the stress during stirring in the developing area, partial pulverization occurs on the surface and ultrafine powder is generated, which in the two-component type developer is fused to the carrier and charged. Cause deterioration,
In the one-component developer, fusion occurs to the toner thin film member, which causes white lines. In addition, non-uniform dispersion of the charge control agent in the toner causes scumming.

【0007】従来のトナ―の一般的な製造方法、即ち樹
脂、染・顔料、離型剤帯電制御剤を溶融混練し、機械式
あるいは空気衝突式の粉砕機にて粉砕、分級を行なう方
法で製造されたトナ―においては、特に小粒径で狭粒度
分布のものを得ようとした場合、生産能力や収率が著し
く低下し、コスト高になるのはもちろん、粒径を小さく
する程、帯電制御剤の分散不均一によるトナ―帯電特性
不良が発生する。また、粉砕で得られた粒子の表面形状
はかなり突起物が多く、キャリアあるいはトナ―薄膜化
用部材への融着が生じ易くなる。更に、本来トナ―表面
で機能を発揮する高価な帯電制御剤等がトナ―内部にも
含有されており、高コストになるという欠点もある。
A conventional general toner manufacturing method, that is, a method in which a resin, a dye / pigment, a release agent and a charge control agent are melt-kneaded, and crushed and classified by a mechanical or air collision crusher. In the produced toner, particularly when trying to obtain a product having a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution, not only the production capacity and the yield are significantly lowered and the cost is increased, but the smaller the particle size is, Toner charging characteristics may be defective due to uneven distribution of the charge control agent. In addition, the surface shape of the particles obtained by pulverization has a large number of protrusions, and fusion with the carrier or the toner thinning member is likely to occur. Furthermore, since an expensive charge control agent or the like, which originally has a function on the surface of the toner, is also contained inside the toner, there is a drawback that the cost becomes high.

【0008】そこで、高画質、高耐久性をもたらすトナ
―及びその製造方法に関し、多くの提案がなされてい
る。例えば、着色顔料及び帯電制御剤を内部に含有する
核体粒子を懸濁重合法により形成すること(特公昭51
−14895号、特公昭47−51830号各公報)が
提案されているが、この方法は表面に付着する分散安定
剤、界面活性剤等の除去が困難で帯電劣化を起こし易
く、しかも内部含有重合では小粒径且つ狭粒度分布(1
0μm以下)のものを安定的に製造することが困難であ
る。
[0008] Therefore, many proposals have been made regarding a toner which provides high image quality and high durability and a manufacturing method thereof. For example, forming a core particle containing a color pigment and a charge control agent therein by a suspension polymerization method (Japanese Patent Publication No. S51-51).
No. 14895 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-51830) are proposed, but this method is difficult to remove the dispersion stabilizer, the surface active agent and the like adhering to the surface and is prone to the deterioration of charge, and the internal content polymerization Then small particle size and narrow particle size distribution (1
It is difficult to stably manufacture those having a thickness of 0 μm or less).

【0009】また、顔料及び帯電制御剤を内部に含有す
る核体粒子を噴霧造粒法により形成すること(特公昭5
7−494号)、特公昭56−13945号各公報)が
提案されているが、この方法は粒径制御が非常に困難
で、造粒後に分級処理を必要とするとか、あるいはホッ
トオフセット発生防止に有効な高分子レジンを使用でき
ないなどという欠点を有している。
In addition, core particles containing a pigment and a charge control agent therein are formed by a spray granulation method (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. Sho 5).
No. 7-494) and Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-13945), this method is very difficult to control the particle size and requires a classification treatment after granulation or prevents the occurrence of hot offset. It has a drawback that it is impossible to use an effective polymer resin.

【0010】そこで、このような点を改善するために、
樹脂粒子に機械的エネルギ―によって着色顔料等を付与
させること(特開昭63−23166号、特開昭63−
2075号)が提案されている。これら乾式トナ―は静
電荷像に付着後あるいは紙などの支持体に転写された後
定着され可視画像となる。
Therefore, in order to improve such a point,
Applying a coloring pigment or the like to the resin particles by mechanical energy (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 63-23166 and 63-63).
2075) has been proposed. These dry toners are fixed on the electrostatic image or transferred to a support such as paper and then fixed to form a visible image.

【0011】トナ―の定着方法としては、種々の方法が
あるが熱ロ―ラ―定着法が熱効率、定着速度の点から好
ましく一般的に用いられている。しかし、熱ロ―ラ―定
着方法ではホットオフセット、爪跡の発生等の問題が生
ずる。ホットオフセットとは溶融したトナ―が熱ロ―ラ
―に融着しこれが転写紙等の支持体に再転写される現象
であり、爪跡とは紙等の支持体を定着ロ―ラ―から分離
する為に設けられた分離爪に溶融した画像上のトナ―が
付着し、画像に白線上の欠損部分を生ずる現象を言う。
There are various methods for fixing the toner, but the heat roller fixing method is preferably generally used from the viewpoints of thermal efficiency and fixing speed. However, the heat roller fixing method causes problems such as hot offset and generation of nail marks. Hot offset is a phenomenon in which molten toner is fused to a heat roller and re-transferred to a support such as transfer paper.Nail marks separate the support such as paper from the fixing roller. This is a phenomenon in which a toner on a melted image adheres to a separating claw provided for the purpose of producing a defective portion on a white line in the image.

【0012】これを防止するためにシリコ―ンオイル等
の離型性液体を定着ロ―ラ―に塗布する方法が行なわれ
ている。この方法は有効であるが離型性液体を定着ロ―
ラ―に塗布するための装置が必要で装置が複雑となりま
たシリコ―ンオイルの様な高価な材料も必要となりコス
トが上昇するという問題点があり、またシリコ―ンオイ
ル等の離型性液体が加熱される事により蒸発し周囲を汚
染し不快臭が生じるという問題点があった。
In order to prevent this, a method of applying a releasing liquid such as silicone oil to the fixing roller is used. This method is effective, but it fixes the release liquid to the fixing roll.
There is a problem that a device for applying to the laser is required, the device becomes complicated, and an expensive material such as silicone oil is also required, resulting in an increase in cost. Also, a releasing liquid such as silicone oil is heated. There is a problem in that it is evaporated to contaminate the surroundings and produce an unpleasant odor.

【0013】シリコ―ンオイルを使用しないでトナ―の
ホットオフセットを防止する方法として低分子量ポリオ
レフィン・ワックス等の離型剤をトナ―樹脂中に混合す
る方法が提案されている。(特開昭49−65231
号)これら離型剤はトナ―表面近傍に存在するものが有
効なオフセット防止剤として作用するが充分なオフセッ
ト防止効果を得るためにはトナ―中に5〜10重量%の
オフセット防止剤を混練する必要がある。これらオフセ
ット防止剤はトナ―のバインダ―樹脂とは相溶性がとぼ
しく多量のオフセット防止剤を均一に混練する事は困難
であり、また多量に添加されたオフセット防止剤は耐ブ
ロッキング性の低下、感光体、キャリア等へのフィルミ
ング、スペント化等の問題を生じる。
As a method of preventing hot offset of toner without using silicone oil, a method of mixing a releasing agent such as low molecular weight polyolefin wax into toner resin has been proposed. (JP-A-49-65231)
As for these releasing agents, those existing in the vicinity of the surface of the toner act as an effective offset preventing agent, but in order to obtain a sufficient offset preventing effect, 5 to 10% by weight of the offset preventing agent is kneaded into the toner. There is a need to. These anti-offset agents have poor compatibility with the binder resin of the toner and it is difficult to uniformly knead a large amount of anti-offset agents. This causes problems such as filming on the body and carrier, and the occurrence of spent.

【0014】これら問題を解決するために特開昭63−
41861号、特開昭63−244053号、特開昭6
3−300245号にトナ―外層にオフセット防止剤を
含有する層を設ける事が開示されているが、これらのオ
フセット防止剤層を形成するための微粒子として特開昭
63−41861号、特開昭63−244053号には
ポリオレフィンと他の熱可塑性樹脂を混練し微粒化する
方法が示されているが、前に記した如く多量のポリオレ
フィン成分を含有する樹脂を混練する事は困難であり、
さらに延展性があるポリオレフィンを含有する樹脂を粉
砕し微粒子を得る事は極めて困難である。また特開昭6
3−244053号には懸濁重合によりポリオレフィン
と熱可塑性樹脂の混合物を得る方法が示されているが懸
濁重合により1μm前後の粒子を得る事は困難であり、
また重合時使用する分散安定剤を除去する事も困難であ
る。特開昭63−300245号にはオフセット防止剤
微粒子としてエマルジョンを用いる事が示されている
が、乳化により微粒子は得られるが乳化時に使用される
乳化剤がトナ―表面に残存し、トナ―の電気特性を損う
と同時に残存する水分の除去に多量のエネルギ―を必要
とする等の問題点がある。
In order to solve these problems, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-
No. 41861, JP-A-63-244053, JP-A-SHO-6
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-41861 and JP-A No. 63-41861 disclose fine particles for forming the offset-preventing agent layer, which is disclosed in JP-A-3-300245, in which an outer layer containing an offset-preventing agent is provided. No. 63-244053 shows a method of kneading a polyolefin and another thermoplastic resin to form fine particles, but it is difficult to knead a resin containing a large amount of a polyolefin component as described above.
Further, it is extremely difficult to pulverize a resin containing a spreadable polyolefin to obtain fine particles. In addition, JP-A-6
No. 3-244053 discloses a method of obtaining a mixture of a polyolefin and a thermoplastic resin by suspension polymerization, but it is difficult to obtain particles of about 1 μm by suspension polymerization.
It is also difficult to remove the dispersion stabilizer used during polymerization. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-300245 discloses that an emulsion is used as fine particles of an offset inhibitor, but fine particles can be obtained by emulsification, but the emulsifier used during emulsification remains on the surface of the toner, resulting in an electric discharge of the toner. There is a problem that a large amount of energy is required to remove the residual water while deteriorating the characteristics.

【0015】機械的エネルギ―により母粒子に小粒子を
被覆するためには小粒子の粒径は、母粒子の粒径の0.
2以下好ましくは0.1以下である事が必要である。表
層をトナ―外層に離型剤層を設けるための微粒子として
は2μm以下、好ましくは1μm以下である事が必要で
ある。離型剤として使用し得るポリオレフィンは数平均
分子量500〜15000の低分子量体が好ましいが、
これら低分子量体はワックス状の成分をも含有するた
め、その延展性・粘着性のため機械的粉砕は困難であ
り、またワックス状成分が易溶解性であるため再沈澱法
等の溶剤を使用する方法も適用できない。この様に着色
樹脂表面を処理するのに適した低分子量ポリオレフィン
の製造方法は、知られていなかった。
In order to coat the mother particles with the small particles by mechanical energy, the particle diameter of the small particles is 0.
It should be 2 or less, preferably 0.1 or less. The fine particles for forming the release agent layer on the outer layer of the toner are required to be 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. The polyolefin that can be used as a release agent is preferably a low molecular weight compound having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 15,000,
Since these low molecular weight substances also contain wax-like components, it is difficult to mechanically pulverize them due to their spreadability and adhesiveness, and because the wax-like components are easily soluble, solvents such as the reprecipitation method are used. The method of doing is also not applicable. Thus, a method for producing a low molecular weight polyolefin suitable for treating the surface of the colored resin has not been known.

【0016】[0016]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は従来の
問題点を解決し機械的エネルギ―により着色樹脂粒子表
面にオフセット防止剤層を形成するのに適した低分子量
ポリオレフィン微粒子の製造方法を提供するものであ
り、さらにこの低分子量ポリオレフィンを用いた均一な
帯電性を有し、鮮明な画像が得られ、しかも定着性、耐
久性に優れたトナ―及び工業的に有利なトナ―を提供す
ることにある。
An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a method for producing low molecular weight polyolefin fine particles suitable for forming an offset inhibitor layer on the surface of colored resin particles by mechanical energy. Further, it provides a toner using this low molecular weight polyolefin, which has a uniform charging property, can obtain a clear image, and is excellent in fixing property and durability, and an industrially advantageous toner. To do.

【0017】[0017]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、鋭意検討し
た結果、本発明に至った。すなわち、本発明は(1)低
分子量ポリオレフィンを微粒子化する方法において、該
ポリオレフィンを加熱により溶解することができ、かつ
融点が0℃以上の溶媒を用い、該ポリオレフィンを加熱
溶解した後、急冷し、溶媒を凍結させた後、溶媒の蒸気
圧以下に保ち溶媒を除去し、該ポリオレフィンの微粒子
を得ることを特徴とする低分子量ポリオレフィンの微粒
子化方法、(2)着色樹脂粒子表面に、機械的衝撃力を
用い、請求項1で得られた低分子量ポリオレフィン微粒
子を固着させたことを特徴とする静電荷現像用トナ―で
ある。
Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has accomplished the present invention as a result of extensive studies. That is, the present invention is (1) in the method of micronizing a low molecular weight polyolefin, wherein the polyolefin can be dissolved by heating and a solvent having a melting point of 0 ° C. or higher is used, the polyolefin is heated and melted, and then rapidly cooled. A method for atomizing a low-molecular-weight polyolefin, characterized in that the solvent is removed by freezing the solvent and then keeping the vapor pressure of the solvent or lower to obtain the polyolefin microparticles; A toner for electrostatic charge development, characterized in that the low-molecular-weight polyolefin fine particles obtained in claim 1 are fixed by using impact force.

【0018】静電荷像現像用トナ―にオフセット防止剤
として用いられるポリオレフィンは軟化点(融点)がト
ナ―の定着温度150℃〜190℃より低い必要があ
る。かかる軟化点(融点)をうるためには数平均分子量
は500〜5000である事が必要である。かかる低分
子ポリオレフィンにおいては極低分子量物も含有される
ため、かかる極低分子量物は従来の方法では使用する溶
媒に溶解したりして粘着性となり単一の微粒子を得る事
は困難であったが、本発明の如く、熱溶液を急冷する事
によりポリオレフィンの微結晶の生成が可能で、且つ溶
媒を凍結する事により極低分子量物も粘着性を生ずる事
なく、単一の微粒子として得ることが出来る。さらに必
要ならば疎水性無機微粒子および/または含フッ素有機
化合物を溶媒に添加する事により、これら物質が微粒子
表面に存在しさらに微粒子の固着を防止することができ
る。さらに必要ならば、結晶化核剤を溶媒中に添加する
事により、さらに微結晶の数が増加し従って、より微細
な粒子を得ることができる。
The softening point (melting point) of the polyolefin used as an anti-offset agent in the toner for developing an electrostatic image must be lower than the fixing temperature of the toner of 150 to 190 ° C. In order to obtain such a softening point (melting point), it is necessary that the number average molecular weight is 500 to 5,000. Since such a low molecular weight polyolefin also contains an extremely low molecular weight substance, it was difficult to obtain a single fine particle because such an extremely low molecular weight substance became tacky by being dissolved in the solvent used in the conventional method. However, as in the present invention, it is possible to form fine crystals of polyolefin by rapidly cooling a hot solution, and by freeze of a solvent, an extremely low molecular weight substance can be obtained as a single fine particle without causing tackiness. Can be done. If necessary, hydrophobic inorganic fine particles and / or a fluorine-containing organic compound may be added to the solvent to prevent these substances from existing on the surface of the fine particles and further fixing of the fine particles. Further, if necessary, a crystallization nucleating agent may be added to the solvent to further increase the number of crystallites and thus obtain finer particles.

【0019】本発明に使用される低分子量ポリオレフィ
ンは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、α又はβポリブ
チレン、エチレンプロピレン共重合体、ポリエチレンフ
ックス、これらの酸化物又は塩素化物等の変性体、エチ
レン又はプロピレンを主体とする他の共重合性単量体と
の共重合体を用いることができる。これらの重合体は前
記したように低分子量であることが必要で平均分子量5
00〜15000好ましくは700〜5000である事
が望ましい。これらポリオレフィンの溶解に用いられる
溶媒としては、加熱によりポリオレフィンを溶解しうる
溶媒で且つ融点が0℃以上であることが好ましい。
The low molecular weight polyolefin used in the present invention is mainly composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, α or β polybutylene, ethylene propylene copolymer, polyethylene hooks, modified products of these oxides or chlorides, ethylene or propylene. It is possible to use a copolymer with another copolymerizable monomer. As mentioned above, these polymers must have a low molecular weight and have an average molecular weight of 5
It is desirable that it is 00 to 15000, preferably 700 to 5000. The solvent used for dissolving these polyolefins is preferably a solvent capable of dissolving the polyolefin by heating and having a melting point of 0 ° C. or higher.

【0020】これら溶媒としては、炭化水素、ハロゲン
化炭化水素が好ましい。これら溶媒の例としては、セタ
ン、セテン、シクロヘキサン、ビシクロヘキシル、ベン
ゼン、P−キシレン、ナフタレン、ビフェニル、フレオ
ンBFヨウ化メチレン、Pクロロトルエン、Pジクロロ
―ベンゼン等がある。
Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons are preferable as these solvents. Examples of these solvents include cetane, cetene, cyclohexane, bicyclohexyl, benzene, P-xylene, naphthalene, biphenyl, Freon BF methylene iodide, P chlorotoluene, P dichloro-benzene.

【0021】上記の溶媒には、微粒子の生成過程、乾燥
過程での該微粒子の凝集、融着を防止するため疎水性無
機微粉末、含フッ素有機化合物、増核剤を必要に応じて
添加することができる。このような疎水性無機粉体とし
てはシリカ、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛アルミナ等の粒径3
0mμm以下である事が好ましく、あらかじめ疎水化処
理された市販品、或はシランカップリング剤、チタンカ
ップリング剤、脂肪酸等により疎水化処理したものでも
良い。また、これら疎水化処理された無機微粉末の摩擦
帯電性は母体粒子の摩擦帯電性と同一でも良く異なって
も良い。低分子量ポリオレフィンに対する添加量は0.
05〜20重量%、好ましくは0.1〜10重量%部で
ある。これら無機微粉体は必要によりホモミキサ―、ホ
モジナイザ―、ボ―ルミル等の分散手段により溶媒中に
均一に分散することが好ましい。
If necessary, a hydrophobic inorganic fine powder, a fluorine-containing organic compound, and a nucleating agent are added to the above-mentioned solvent in order to prevent the fine particles from aggregating and fusing during the fine particle formation process and the drying process. be able to. Examples of such hydrophobic inorganic powder include silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide alumina, etc. having a particle size of 3
It is preferably 0 μm or less, and may be a commercially available product that has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment in advance, or one that has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, a fatty acid or the like. The triboelectric chargeability of these hydrophobically treated inorganic fine powders may be the same as or different from the triboelectric chargeability of the base particles. The addition amount to the low molecular weight polyolefin is 0.
05 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight. If necessary, it is preferable that these inorganic fine powders are uniformly dispersed in the solvent by a dispersing means such as a homomixer, a homogenizer, and a ball mill.

【0022】含フッ素有機化合物は炭素数1−9の(パ
―)フルオロアルキル基、(パ―)フルオロアルケニル
基を有する化合物もしくはポリフッ素化ビニル等で使用
する溶媒に可溶な化合物が用いられる。特に油溶性フッ
素系界面活性剤が好ましく用いられる。これら含フッ素
有機化合物は低分子量ポリオレフィンに対し0.1〜2
0重量%用いられる。
As the fluorine-containing organic compound, a compound having a (per) fluoroalkyl group or a (per) fluoroalkenyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a compound soluble in a solvent used for polyvinyl fluoride or the like is used. .. In particular, an oil-soluble fluorochemical surfactant is preferably used. These fluorine-containing organic compounds are used in an amount of 0.1-2 with respect to low molecular weight polyolefins.
0% by weight is used.

【0023】増核剤としては、塩基性ジtert.ブチ
ル安息香酸アルミニウム、ジ安息香酸アルミニウム、P
−tert.ブチル安息香酸ナトリウム等の安息香酸塩
類、ジベンジリデンソルビト―ル、P−メチルジベンジ
リデンソルビト―ル、ジメチルベンジリデンソルビト―
ル等のソルビト―ル誘導体がある。これら増核剤は低分
子量ポリオレフィンに対し0.05〜10重量%で用い
られる。
As the nucleating agent, basic ditert. Butyl aluminum benzoate, aluminum dibenzoate, P
-Tert. Benzoic acid salts such as sodium butyl benzoate, dibenzylidene sorbitol, P-methyldibenzylidene sorbitol, dimethyl benzylidene sorbite
There are sorbitol derivatives such as le. These nucleating agents are used in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight based on the low molecular weight polyolefin.

【0024】分散重合により得られた樹脂粒子の着色は
樹脂粒子を溶解しない溶媒に染料を溶解又は分散し、こ
れに樹脂粒子を分散するか又は該溶媒に樹脂粒子を分散
した後、染料を添加し、溶解又は分散させて染着するこ
とが好ましい。染着色は樹脂粒子が粘着性を生ずる温度
以下で加熱し、行う事がよく、通常30〜60℃で30
〜10時間で行うことがよい。この時用いる染料のSp
値(溶解性パラメータータ)が樹脂粒子のSp値に近い
ものが好ましく、油溶性染料、分散染料等が好ましく用
いられる。着色された樹脂粒子は溶媒より分離乾燥して
打ち込み処理に用いられる。
The coloring of the resin particles obtained by dispersion polymerization is carried out by dissolving or dispersing the dye in a solvent which does not dissolve the resin particles, and then dispersing the resin particles in the solvent or dispersing the resin particles in the solvent and then adding the dye. However, it is preferable to dissolve or disperse and dye. Dyeing and coloring are preferably carried out by heating at a temperature below the temperature at which resin particles produce tackiness, usually at 30 to 60 ° C.
It is preferable to perform it in 10 hours. Sp of dye used at this time
Those having a value (solubility parameter) close to the Sp value of the resin particles are preferable, and oil-soluble dyes, disperse dyes and the like are preferably used. The colored resin particles are separated from the solvent and dried before being used for the implantation process.

【0025】前に記した様に低分子量ポリオレフィンの
微粒子は凍結乾燥によりえられる。即ち、溶媒単独又は
疎水性に表面改質された無機粉体および/または含フッ
素有機化合物および/または増核剤を必要により分散・
溶解した溶媒に低分子量ポリオレフィンを添加し60℃
〜90℃に加熱する事により溶解することができる。こ
の熱溶液を氷・塩化ナトリウム、ドライアイス・メタノ
―ル、ドライアイス・アセトン、液体窒素等の寒剤で急
冷し低分子ポリオレフィン微結晶を析出させると同時に
溶媒を凍結し、溶媒の蒸気圧以下の減圧下に保つ事によ
り溶媒は昇華除去される。さらに必要によりポリオレフ
ィンの軟化点以下の温度で加熱する事によりポリオレフ
ィンの微粉体を凝集物を生じる事なく容易に得ることが
できる。
As mentioned above, the fine particles of low molecular weight polyolefin are obtained by freeze-drying. That is, a solvent alone or a hydrophobic surface-modified inorganic powder and / or a fluorine-containing organic compound and / or a nucleating agent is dispersed as necessary.
Add low molecular weight polyolefin to the dissolved solvent and add 60 ℃
It can be dissolved by heating to ~ 90 ° C. This hot solution is rapidly cooled with a freezing agent such as ice / sodium chloride, dry ice / methanol, dry ice / acetone, liquid nitrogen to precipitate low-molecular-weight polyolefin microcrystals, and at the same time, the solvent is frozen to a temperature below the vapor pressure of the solvent. The solvent is removed by sublimation by keeping it under reduced pressure. Further, if necessary, by heating at a temperature not higher than the softening point of the polyolefin, fine powder of the polyolefin can be easily obtained without forming agglomerates.

【0026】このようにしてえられたポリオレフィン微
粉体は、樹脂粒子に対して機械的な衝撃力・圧縮力によ
り打ち込むのに適した粒子径となっている。次に得られ
たポリオレフィン微粒子を用いたトナ―の作製について
説明する。本発明で使用される母体樹脂粒子は染・顔料
によりあらかじめ着色された樹脂粒子が好ましい。これ
ら樹脂粒子は従来の混練・粉砕によりえられたもの、懸
濁重合、乳化重合によってえられたものも使用しうる
が、分散重合によって得られたものが好ましい。
The polyolefin fine powder thus obtained has a particle size suitable for being driven into a resin particle by a mechanical impact force / compression force. Next, the production of a toner using the obtained polyolefin fine particles will be described. The base resin particles used in the present invention are preferably resin particles that have been previously colored with a dye / pigment. As these resin particles, those obtained by conventional kneading and pulverization, those obtained by suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization can be used, but those obtained by dispersion polymerization are preferred.

【0027】分散重合法によって得られた樹脂粒子を用
いると、染着処理及び帯電制御剤の打ち込み処理を行な
っても、狭い粒度分布を保持され、結果的に狭い粒度分
布を有するトナ―を製造することができる。この場合、
トナ―は平均粒径×0.75〜平均粒径×1.25の粒
径を持つ粒子が重量で85%以上であることが、高解像
度、帯電量の均一性の点からみて好ましい。分散重合に
よりえられた樹脂粒子は特願平 号の方法で着
色する事ができる。
When the resin particles obtained by the dispersion polymerization method are used, a toner having a narrow particle size distribution is maintained even if the dyeing treatment and the charge control agent driving-in treatment are performed, and as a result, a toner having a narrow particle size distribution is produced. can do. in this case,
It is preferable that the toner has 85% or more by weight of particles having an average particle size of 0.75 to an average particle size of 1.25 from the viewpoint of high resolution and uniformity of charge amount. The resin particles obtained by the dispersion polymerization can be colored by the method of Japanese Patent Application No. hei.

【0028】以上のようにしてえられた着色樹脂粒子
は、次にその表面に機械的エネルギ―によりポリオレフ
ィン微粒子が打ち込まれる。この時用いられる微粒子は
ポリオレフィン微粒子単独でも、ポリオレフィン微粒子
と他の熱可塑性樹脂微粒子との混合物でも良い。この熱
可塑性樹脂微粒子の製造方法は特に限定されないが、ソ
―プフリ―乳化重合法で製造される微粒子が好ましく用
いられる。また、熱可塑性樹脂をポリオレフィンと同時
に溶解し、凍結乾燥を行うことによりえられるポリオレ
フィンと熱可塑性樹脂の混合物も用いることが出来る。
The colored resin particles obtained as described above are then impregnated with polyolefin fine particles on their surfaces by mechanical energy. The fine particles used at this time may be polyolefin fine particles alone or a mixture of polyolefin fine particles and other thermoplastic resin fine particles. The method for producing the thermoplastic resin fine particles is not particularly limited, but fine particles produced by the soap-free emulsion polymerization method are preferably used. Also, a mixture of a polyolefin and a thermoplastic resin obtained by dissolving a thermoplastic resin at the same time as the polyolefin and performing freeze-drying can be used.

【0029】また、低分子量ポリオレフィン微粒子を打
ち込むと同時にまたは打ち込んだ後に電荷制御剤を打ち
込む事もできる。打ち込みの方法としては、着色樹脂粒
子とポリオレフィン微粒子またはポリオレフィン微粒子
と必要によりその他の微粒子をあらかじめ混合してお
き、次に機械的エネルギ―を与える。混合方法はボ―ル
ミル、Vブレンダ―、ヘンシェル等どのようなものでも
よい。機械的エネルギ―を与える方法としては、高速で
回転する羽根によって混合物に衝撃力を加える方法、高
速気流中に混合物を投入し粒子を加速させ、粒子同士又
は粒子を適当な衝突板に衝突させる方法等がある。具体
的な装着としては、メカノフュ―ジョン[ホソカワミク
ロン(株)]、I式ミル(日本ニュ―マチック工業)で
通常の粉砕の場合より、粉砕エア―圧力を下げた装置、
ハイブリダイゼイション―システム[(株)奈良機械製
作所]、自動乳鉢などが挙げられる。
It is also possible to drive the charge control agent at the same time as or after the low molecular weight polyolefin fine particles are driven. As a driving method, colored resin particles and polyolefin fine particles or polyolefin fine particles and, if necessary, other fine particles are mixed in advance, and then mechanical energy is applied. Any mixing method such as a ball mill, a V blender, or a Henschel may be used. Mechanical energy can be applied by applying an impact force to the mixture with a blade rotating at high speed, or by injecting the mixture into a high-speed air stream to accelerate the particles and colliding the particles with each other or a suitable collision plate. Etc. As a specific installation, MechanoFusion [Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.], a type I mill (Nippon Numatic Co., Ltd.) with a lower grinding air-pressure than in the case of normal grinding,
Hybridization system [Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.], automatic mortar, etc.

【0030】機械的エネルギ―による打ち込みとは、ポ
リオレフィン等の微粒子が着色樹脂粒子表面に埋め込ま
れた状態を示すばかりでなくポリオレフィン等の微粒子
が着色樹脂粒子表面で延展され層状に付着する場合も含
むものである。着色樹脂粒子に対するポリオレフィン微
粒子の割合は0.1〜5重量%、好ましくは0.2〜2
重量%で良い。
Implantation by mechanical energy includes not only the state where fine particles of polyolefin or the like are embedded in the surface of the colored resin particles, but also the case where fine particles of polyolefin or the like are spread on the surface of the colored resin particles and adhered in a layer form. It is a waste. The ratio of the polyolefin fine particles to the colored resin particles is 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2
Weight% is sufficient.

【0031】電荷制御剤はポリオレフィン微粒子または
ポリオレフィン微粒子と熱可塑性樹脂微粒子と同時に着
色樹脂粒子に打ち込んでも良く、或はポリオレフィン微
粒子またはポリオレフィン微粒子と熱可塑性樹脂微粒子
を打ち込んでも良い。電荷制御剤を打ち込む事によりト
ナ―を適正な帯電にコントロ―ルすることができる。
The charge control agent may be injected into the colored resin particles at the same time as the polyolefin particles or the polyolefin particles and the thermoplastic resin particles, or the polyolefin particles or the polyolefin particles and the thermoplastic resin particles may be injected. The toner can be controlled to a proper charge by driving in the charge control agent.

【0032】帯電制御剤の具体例としては以下のものが
挙げられる。ニグロシン、炭素数2〜16のアルキル基
を含むアジン系染料(特公昭42−1627号公報)、
塩基性染料[例えば、C.I.Basic Yello
w2(C.I.41000)、C.I.Basic Y
ellow 3、C.I.BASIC Red 1
(C.I.45160)、C.I.BASIC Red
9(C.I.42500)、C.I.Basic Vi
olet 1(C.I.42535)、C.I.Bas
ic Violet 3(C.I.42555)、C.
I.Basic Violet 10(C.I.451
70)、C.I.Basic Violet 14
(C.I.42510)、C.I.Basic Blu
e 1(C.I.42025)、C.I.Basic
Blue 3(C.I.51005)、C.I.BaS
iC Blue 5(C.I.42140)、C.I.
Basic Blue 7(C.I.42595)、
C.I.Basic Blue 7(C.I.4259
5)、C.I.Basic Blue 9(C.I.5
2015)、C.I.Basic Blue 24
(C.I.52030)、C.I.Basic Blu
e 25(C.I.52025)、C.I.Basic
Blue 26(C.I.44045)、C.I.B
asic Green 1(C.I.42040)、
C.I.Basic Green 4(C.I.420
00)など、これらの塩基性染料のレ―キ顔料、(レ―
キ化剤としては、燐タングステン酸、燐モリブデン酸、
燐タングステンモリブデン酸、タンニン酸、ラウリン
酸、没食子酸、フェリシアン化物、フェロシアン化物な
ど)、C.I.Sovent Black 3(C.
I.26150)、ハンザイエロ―G(C.I.116
80)、C.I.Mordlant Black 1
1、C.I.Pigment Black 1、ベンゾ
ルメチル―ヘキサデシルアンモニウムクロライド、デシ
ル―トリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、あるいはジブ
チル又はジオクチルなどのジアルキルチン化合物、ジア
ルキルチンボレ―ト化合物、グアニジン誘導体、アミノ
基を含有するビニル系ポリマ―、アミノ基を含有する縮
合系ポリマ―等のポリアミン樹脂、特公昭41−201
53号、同43−27596号、同44−6397号、
同45−26478号に記載されているモノアゾ染料の
金属錯塩。特公昭55−42752号、特公昭58−4
1508号、特公昭58−7384号、特公昭59−7
385号に記載されているサリチル酸、ジアルキルサリ
チル酸、ナフトエ酸、ダイカルボン酸のZn,Al,C
o,Cr,Fe等の金属錯体、スルホン化した銅フタロ
シアニン顔料など。
Specific examples of the charge control agent include the following. Nigrosine, an azine dye containing an alkyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms (Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-1627),
Basic dye [for example, C.I. I. Basic Yellow
w2 (C.I. 41000), C.I. I. Basic Y
ellow 3, C.I. I. BASIC Red 1
(C.I. 45160), C.I. I. BASIC Red
9 (C.I. 42500), C.I. I. Basic Vi
olet 1 (C.I. 42535), C.I. I. Bas
ic Violet 3 (C.I. 42555), C.I.
I. Basic Violet 10 (C.I. 451
70), C.I. I. Basic Violet 14
(C.I. 42510), C.I. I. Basic Blu
e 1 (C.I. 42025), C.I. I. Basic
Blue 3 (C.I. 51005), C.I. I. BaS
iC Blue 5 (C.I. 42140), C.I. I.
Basic Blue 7 (C.I. 42595),
C. I. Basic Blue 7 (C.I. 4259
5), C.I. I. Basic Blue 9 (C.I. 5
2015), C.I. I. Basic Blue 24
(C.I. 52030), C.I. I. Basic Blu
e 25 (C.I. 52025), C.I. I. Basic
Blue 26 (C.I. 44045), C.I. I. B
asic Green 1 (C.I. 42040),
C. I. Basic Green 4 (C.I. 420
00) etc., lake pigments of these basic dyes,
As a chelating agent, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid,
Phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.), C.I. I. Sovent Black 3 (C.
I. 26150), Hanseello-G (C.I. 116)
80), C.I. I. Mordant Black 1
1, C.I. I. Pigment Black 1, benzolmethyl-hexadecylammonium chloride, decyl-trimethylammonium chloride, or dialkyltin compounds such as dibutyl or dioctyl, dialkyltin borate compounds, guanidine derivatives, vinyl polymers containing amino groups, and amino groups. Condensation-type polymers such as polyamine resins, JP-B-41-201
No. 53, No. 43-27596, No. 44-6397,
Metal complex salts of monoazo dyes described in JP-A-45-26478. JP-B-55-42752, JP-B-58-4
1508, Japanese Patent Publication 58-7384, Japanese Patent Publication 59-7
No. 385, salicylic acid, dialkyl salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, dicarboxylic acids Zn, Al, C
Metal complexes of o, Cr, Fe, etc., sulfonated copper phthalocyanine pigments, etc.

【0033】なお、本発明においては、帯電制御剤が打
ち込まれたトナ―に、流動化剤を混合することもでき
る。この場合の流動化剤としては、酸化チタン、疎水性
シリカ、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸マグネシウム
等公知のものが用いられる。又、必要に応じて、ポリオ
レフィン、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸金属塩、高級アルコ
―ル類、パラフィンワックス等の離型剤を樹脂粒子に打
ち込むことも可能である。
In the present invention, a fluidizing agent may be mixed with the toner charged with the charge control agent. As the fluidizing agent in this case, known materials such as titanium oxide, hydrophobic silica, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate and the like are used. Further, if necessary, a release agent such as polyolefin, fatty acid ester, fatty acid metal salt, higher alcohol, paraffin wax or the like can be added to the resin particles.

【0034】次に本発明の静電潜像現像用トナ―の製造
方法について説明する。本発明のトナ―の製造方法は、
樹脂粒子と溶解性パラメ―タ―が異なる有機溶媒に染料
を溶解させ、該溶液中に樹脂粒子を分散し、得られた分
散液を樹脂のガラス転移温度以下で且つ該転移温度より
20℃低い温度以上に加温、撹拌したのち、染着された
樹脂粒子を乾燥する工程(染料染着工程)と、得られた
乾燥染着樹脂粒子の表面に、帯電制御剤を機械的に打ち
込む工程(顔料等の打ち込みの方法)は離型剤の場合と
同様である。このため、帯電制御剤の粒径は着色樹脂粒
子の0.2以下好ましくは0.1以下である事が好まし
い。
Next, a method of manufacturing the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention will be described. The method of manufacturing the toner of the present invention is
The dye is dissolved in an organic solvent having a solubility parameter different from that of the resin particles, the resin particles are dispersed in the solution, and the obtained dispersion is lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin and lower than the transition temperature by 20 ° C. After heating and stirring above the temperature, a step of drying the dyed resin particles (dyeing step), and a step of mechanically driving a charge control agent onto the surface of the obtained dry dyed resin particles ( The method of driving in the pigment and the like) is the same as in the case of the release agent. Therefore, the particle size of the charge control agent is 0.2 or less, preferably 0.1 or less, of the colored resin particles.

【0035】樹脂粒子に対する帯電制御剤の割合は0.
1〜5重量%好ましくは0.5〜3重量%である。0.
1重量%未満では帯電コントロ―ルの効果があまりにも
少なく逆に5重量%を越えると定着性に悪影響を及ぼ
す。なお、本発明においては帯電制御剤が打ち込まれた
トナ―に流動化剤を混合することもできる。この場合の
流動化剤としては酸化チタン、疎水性シリカ、ステアリ
ン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸マグネシウム等公知のものが用
いられる。混合方法としては、Vブレンダ―、ボ―ルミ
ル等の一般的な混合装置を使用すればよい。
The ratio of the charge control agent to the resin particles is 0.
1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight. 0.
If it is less than 1% by weight, the effect of the charging control is too small, and if it exceeds 5% by weight, the fixing property is adversely affected. In the present invention, it is also possible to mix the fluidizing agent with the toner into which the charge control agent has been driven. In this case, as the fluidizing agent, known materials such as titanium oxide, hydrophobic silica, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate and the like are used. As a mixing method, a general mixing device such as a V blender or a ball mill may be used.

【0036】[0036]

【実施例】以下実施例によって説明する。部は重量部を
表わす。 実施例1 低分子量ポリプロピレン(ビスコ―ル660p、三洋化
成製)5部をベンゼン40部をなす型フラスコに秤りと
り、オイルバスで90℃に加熱し均一に溶解した後、ド
ライアイスメタノ―ルに浸漬しベンゼンを凍結すると同
時にポリプロピレン微結晶を析出させた。これを凍結乾
燥装置にセットし室温減圧下に5時間保ちベンゼンを昇
華除去した。これをさらに4時間40℃減圧下乾燥し低
分子量ポリプロピレン微粉体をえた。この微粒体を走査
型電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、平均粒径0.9μmの凝
集体のない粒径分布の狭い微粒子であった。また収率は
100%であった。
EXAMPLES Examples will be described below. Parts represent parts by weight. Example 1 5 parts of low molecular weight polypropylene (Viscole 660p, manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) was weighed in a flask having 40 parts of benzene, heated to 90 ° C. in an oil bath and uniformly dissolved, and then dry ice methanol was used. And benzene was frozen to precipitate polypropylene microcrystals. This was set in a freeze-drying device and kept under reduced pressure at room temperature for 5 hours to sublimate and remove benzene. This was further dried for 4 hours under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. to obtain a low molecular weight polypropylene fine powder. As a result of observing the fine particles with a scanning electron microscope, they were fine particles having an average particle size of 0.9 μm and having a narrow particle size distribution without agglomerates. The yield was 100%.

【0037】実施例2 低分子ポリプロピレン(ビスコ―ル550P)5部を疎
水性シリカ(アエロジルR972 日本アエロジル製)
0.25部を分散したベンゼン40部に添加し実施例1
と同じ方法で低分子量ポリプロピレン微粒子をえた。こ
れを走査型電子顕微鏡で観察した所、この微粒子の平均
粒径は0.9μmで凝集体のない粒径分布の狭い微粒子
であった。また収率は100%であった。
Example 2 Hydrophobic silica (Aerosil R972 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil) was prepared by adding 5 parts of low molecular weight polypropylene (Viscole 550P).
Example 1 was prepared by adding 0.25 part to 40 parts of dispersed benzene.
Low molecular weight polypropylene microparticles were obtained in the same manner as in. When the particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope, they were found to have an average particle size of 0.9 μm and were particles free of aggregates and having a narrow particle size distribution. The yield was 100%.

【0038】実施例3 実施例1において低分子量ポリプロピレンの代りに低分
子量ポリエチレン(ハイワックス 200P 三井石油
化学製)5部を、ベンゼンに油溶性フッ素系界面活性剤
(メガファック F172 大日本インキ製)0.25
部を添加溶解した以外は実施例1と同じ方法で低分子量
ポリニチレン微粒子をえた。この粒子の平均粒径は1.
0μmの凝集体のない粒径分布の狭い収率100%であ
った。
Example 3 In Example 1, 5 parts of low molecular weight polyethylene (High Wax 200P manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) was used in place of low molecular weight polypropylene, and an oil-soluble fluorinated surfactant (MegaFac F172 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) in benzene. 0.25
Low-molecular-weight poly (nitylene) fine particles were obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that parts were added and dissolved. The average particle size of this particle is 1.
The yield was 100% with a narrow particle size distribution without aggregates of 0 μm.

【0039】実施例4 実施例1において、ベンゼンに増核剤(ゲルオ―ルMD
新日本理化製)0.05部以外は実施例1と同じ方法
で低分子量ポリプロピレン微粒子をえた。この微粒子の
平均粒径は0.6μmで粒径分布は狭いものであった。
また収率は100%であった。
Example 4 In Example 1, benzene was used as a nucleating agent (gelol MD).
Low molecular weight polypropylene fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for 0.05 part. The average particle size of the fine particles was 0.6 μm and the particle size distribution was narrow.
The yield was 100%.

【0040】比較例1 低分子量ポリプロピレン(ビスコ―ル 660P 三洋
化成製)5部を流動パラフィン10部と加熱混合後氷水
で冷却しこれにトルエン50部を加え撹拌し流動パラフ
ィンを溶解した。これをポアサイズ0.2μmのミクロ
フィルタ―で濾過した後40℃で真空乾燥し、低分子量
ポリプロピレン微粒子をえた。この平均粒径は2μmで
あったが、粒径分布は0.5μm〜5μmと広くまた凝
集体も観察された。またこの時の収率は88%であっ
た。
Comparative Example 1 5 parts of low molecular weight polypropylene (Viscole 660P manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) was mixed with 10 parts of liquid paraffin by heating, cooled with ice water, and 50 parts of toluene was added and stirred to dissolve the liquid paraffin. This was filtered through a microfilter having a pore size of 0.2 μm and then vacuum dried at 40 ° C. to obtain low molecular weight polypropylene fine particles. The average particle size was 2 μm, but the particle size distribution was as wide as 0.5 μm to 5 μm, and aggregates were also observed. The yield at this time was 88%.

【0041】比較例2 低分子量ポリプロピレン(ビスコ―ル660P)10部
をトルエン60部に添加し90℃で加熱溶解し、これを
氷冷したメタノ―ル150部に撹拌下滴下した後ガラス
フィルタ―で濾過した後40℃で真空乾燥し低分子量ポ
リプロピレンの微粉体をえた。この微粉体は、2〜6μ
mの融着凝集した粒子を形成していた。また、この微粒
子の収率は84%であった。
Comparative Example 2 10 parts of low-molecular-weight polypropylene (Biscol 660P) was added to 60 parts of toluene and dissolved by heating at 90 ° C., which was added dropwise to 150 parts of ice-cooled methanol under stirring and then a glass filter. After filtration with a vacuum dryer at 40 ° C., a fine powder of low molecular weight polypropylene was obtained. This fine powder is 2 ~ 6μ
m fused and agglomerated particles were formed. The yield of these fine particles was 84%.

【0042】比較例3 低分子量ポリプロピレン(ビスコ―ル550P)10部
をメタノ―ル80部とともにステンレスボ―ルを入った
ボ―ルミルに加え50時間粉砕したが粒径5μm〜12
μmと分布が広く且つ平板状不定形の粒子しかえられな
かった。
Comparative Example 3 10 parts of low-molecular-weight polypropylene (Viscole 550P) was added to a ball mill containing a stainless steel ball together with 80 parts of methanol and pulverized for 50 hours, but the particle size was 5 μm to 12 μm.
Only tabular and amorphous particles having a wide distribution of μm were obtained.

【0043】実施例5 実施例1の低分子量ポリプロピレン微粒子0.15部と
油溶性染料で染色され分散重合法で製造されたスチレン
・nブチルメタクリレ―ト共重合体樹脂粒子(体積平均
粒径7.5μm)30部・帯電制御剤(スピロンブラッ
クTRH保土谷化学製)部を混合し、ハイブリダイザ―
NHS−O型(奈良機械製)で10000回転で10分
処理した所、低分子量ポリプロピレン微粒子の全量が樹
脂粒子に付着し、処理後に遊離のポリプロピレン微粒子
は観察されなかった。また処理した樹脂粒子を走査型電
子顕微鏡で観察した所樹脂粒子表面は平滑且つ均一で、
低分子量ポリプロピレンにより均一に被覆されているこ
とが判った。この様に処理されたトナ―3部をシリコ―
ン被覆したフェライトキャリア100部と混合しFT5
510(リコ―製)のオイル塗布装置を取りはずし現像
テストを行った所オフセット・爪跡発生のない鮮明な画
像が得られた。
Example 5 0.15 parts of the low-molecular-weight polypropylene fine particles of Example 1 and styrene / n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin particles (volume average particle size) dyed with an oil-soluble dye and produced by a dispersion polymerization method. 7.5 μm) 30 parts / charge control agent (Spiron Black TRH Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) are mixed to form a hybridizer.
When treated with an NHS-O type (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes, the entire amount of low-molecular-weight polypropylene fine particles adhered to the resin particles, and free polypropylene fine particles were not observed after the treatment. When the treated resin particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope, the resin particle surfaces were smooth and uniform,
It was found to be uniformly coated with low molecular weight polypropylene. Tona-3 parts processed in this way are
Mixed with 100 parts of ferrite carrier coated with FT5
When the 510 (Rico-made) oil application device was removed and a development test was conducted, a clear image without offset and nail marks was obtained.

【0044】実施例6 実施例2で製造した低分子量ポリプロピレン微粒子0.
3部とソ―プフリ乳化重合で製造したメタクリル酸nブ
チル・メタクリル酸トリフルオロエチル共重合体微粒子
(平均粒径0.4μm)0.6部を用い実施例1と同様
の方法で着色樹脂粒子表面に打ち込んだ。処理後に遊離
のポリプロピレン微粒子・樹脂微粒子は観察されなかっ
た。また、この着色樹脂粒子表面は平滑で均一であっ
た。疎水性シリカ(アエロジルR972)0.5%を混
合したこのトナ―を用い実施例5と同様に現像剤を作成
し、現像テストを行った所、オフセット・跡爪の発生が
なく鮮明な画像がえられた。
Example 6 Low-molecular-weight polypropylene fine particles prepared in Example 2
Colored resin particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using 3 parts and 0.6 parts of n-butyl methacrylate / trifluoroethyl methacrylate copolymer fine particles (average particle size 0.4 μm) produced by soap free emulsion polymerization. Driven into the surface. No free polypropylene fine particles / resin fine particles were observed after the treatment. The surface of the colored resin particles was smooth and uniform. Using this toner mixed with 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (Aerosil R972), a developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 and a development test was carried out. I got it.

【0045】実施例7 実施例3で製造した低分子量ポリエチレン微粉末を用い
実施例5と同様の方法でトナ―を作成し現像テストを行
った所、オフセット・爪跡発生のない鮮明な画像がえら
れた。
Example 7 A toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 using the low-molecular-weight polyethylene fine powder produced in Example 3 and a development test was carried out. As a result, a clear image without offset or nail marks was obtained. Was given.

【0046】実施例8 実施例4の低分子量ポリプロピレンを用い、且つ着色樹
脂粒子として5.5μmの分散重合で作製し油溶性染料
で染着した球状粒子を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の方
法でトナ―を作成し、これを用い現像剤を作成し、現像
テストを行った所、オフセット爪跡発生のない鮮明な画
像がえられた。
Example 8 The same as Example 5 except that the low molecular weight polypropylene of Example 4 was used and spherical particles prepared by dispersion polymerization of 5.5 μm and dyed with an oil-soluble dye were used as the colored resin particles. A toner was prepared by the method, a developer was prepared using the toner, and a development test was carried out. As a result, a clear image without offset nail marks was obtained.

【0047】比較例 比較例2で作成した低分子量ポリプロピレンを用い実施
例5と同様の方法で着色樹脂粒子を処理した所、多量の
ポリプロピレン微粒子が樹脂粒子表面に付着されずに遊
離状態で存在した。このトナ―を用い現像テストを行っ
た所、爪跡の発生が認められた。
Comparative Example When the colored resin particles were treated in the same manner as in Example 5 using the low molecular weight polypropylene prepared in Comparative Example 2, a large amount of polypropylene fine particles were present in a free state without being attached to the resin particle surfaces. .. When a development test was conducted using this toner, generation of nail marks was recognized.

【0048】[0048]

【発明の効果】【The invention's effect】

(1)簡単な操作・方法で低分子量ポリオレフィンの微
粒子を得る事が出来る。この低分子量ポリオレフィンは
機械的エネルギ―により着色樹脂粒子表面に固着するの
に適した粒径・粒径分布・形状を有しており、少量でト
ナ―のオフセット防止剤として有効に作用するものであ
る。 (2)着色樹脂粒子表面に低分子量ポリオレフィンから
なるオフセット防止剤層を形成する事により少量のオフ
セット防止剤量でその効果を発揮できるので耐ブロッキ
ング性にすぐれフィルミングのない電気特性にすぐれた
トナ―を得る事ができる。 (3)低分子量ポリオレフィン等の混練を必要としない
のでオフセット防止能力にすぐれたトナ―を簡易な方法
で製造できる。
(1) It is possible to obtain fine particles of low molecular weight polyolefin by a simple operation / method. This low molecular weight polyolefin has a particle size, particle size distribution, and shape suitable for sticking to the surface of colored resin particles by mechanical energy, and even a small amount effectively acts as an offset preventive agent for toner. is there. (2) By forming an anti-offset layer made of a low molecular weight polyolefin on the surface of the colored resin particles, the effect can be exhibited with a small amount of the anti-offset agent, so the toner is excellent in blocking resistance and excellent in electrical characteristics without filming. -Can be obtained. (3) Since a kneading of a low molecular weight polyolefin or the like is not required, a toner excellent in offset prevention ability can be manufactured by a simple method.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 FI 技術表示箇所 // C08L 23:04 23:10 7107−4J ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location // C08L 23:04 23:10 7107-4J

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 低分子量ポリオレフィンを微粒子化する
方法において、該ポリオレフィンを加熱により溶解する
ことができ、かつ融点が0℃以上の溶媒を用い、該ポリ
オレフィンを加熱溶解した後、急冷し、溶媒を凍結させ
た後、溶媒の蒸気圧以下に保ち溶媒を除去し、該ポリオ
レフィンの微粒子を得ることを特徴とする低分子量ポリ
オレフィンの微粒子化方法。
1. A method for forming fine particles of a low-molecular-weight polyolefin, wherein the polyolefin can be dissolved by heating and a solvent having a melting point of 0 ° C. or higher is used. After freezing, the solvent is removed by keeping it at a vapor pressure of the solvent or lower to obtain fine particles of the polyolefin, which is a method for forming fine particles of a low molecular weight polyolefin.
【請求項2】 着色樹脂粒子表面に、機械的衝撃力を用
い、請求項1で得られた低分子量ポリオレフィン微粒子
を固着させたことを特徴とする静電荷現像用トナ―。
2. A toner for electrostatic charge development, characterized in that the low-molecular-weight polyolefin fine particles obtained in claim 1 are adhered to the surface of colored resin particles by using mechanical impact force.
JP03096024A 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 A method for micronizing low molecular weight polyolefin and toner for electrostatic charge development Expired - Fee Related JP3129465B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP03096024A JP3129465B2 (en) 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 A method for micronizing low molecular weight polyolefin and toner for electrostatic charge development

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP03096024A JP3129465B2 (en) 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 A method for micronizing low molecular weight polyolefin and toner for electrostatic charge development

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0570596A true JPH0570596A (en) 1993-03-23
JP3129465B2 JP3129465B2 (en) 2001-01-29

Family

ID=14153758

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JP2005346083A (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Xerox Corp Wax emulsion for emulsion aggregation toner
JP2009139844A (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-25 Kao Corp Method for manufacturing binder resin for toner

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005346083A (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Xerox Corp Wax emulsion for emulsion aggregation toner
JP2009139844A (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-25 Kao Corp Method for manufacturing binder resin for toner

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