JPH0560701A - Method and device for flaw-eliminating rolling of line material - Google Patents
Method and device for flaw-eliminating rolling of line materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0560701A JPH0560701A JP3220607A JP22060791A JPH0560701A JP H0560701 A JPH0560701 A JP H0560701A JP 3220607 A JP3220607 A JP 3220607A JP 22060791 A JP22060791 A JP 22060791A JP H0560701 A JPH0560701 A JP H0560701A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flaw
- rolling
- corner
- strip
- line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ビレットから所定形状
の条材に熱間連続圧延する際の、条材の疵取り圧延法及
びその装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a flaw rolling method and apparatus for hot strip rolling from a billet to a strip material having a predetermined shape.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】丸棒等の条材は、ビレットを熱間連続圧
延により所定形状の丸棒に圧延し、その後、冷間圧延で
製品寸法に仕上げられる。この条材圧延で重要なのは、
表面疵の低減である。条材の表面疵は、ビレットに存在
するものと、その後の圧延で生じるものとがある。2. Description of the Related Art A bar material such as a round bar is obtained by rolling a billet into a round bar having a predetermined shape by hot continuous rolling, and then cold rolling to finish the product. What is important in this strip rolling is
It is the reduction of surface defects. The surface flaws of the strip material include those existing in the billet and those generated in the subsequent rolling.
【０００３】例えば、快削ステンレス鋼などのように低
温（800 ℃以下）で延性の低い材料は、圧延中にそのコ
ーナ（角断面の四隅）が冷えると、エッジテンションに
より自由表面（ロール隙間部）に割れが生じ、製品に疵
を残してしまう。また、連鋳材のコーナ部にもともと存
在するオシレーションマークがエッジテンションにより
拡大し、疵となる場合がある。For example, a material having a low ductility at a low temperature (800 ° C. or less) such as free-cutting stainless steel, etc., when its corners (four corners of a square section) are cooled during rolling, edge tension causes a free surface (roll gap). ) Cracks, leaving a flaw in the product. Further, the oscillation mark originally existing in the corner portion of the continuous cast material may be enlarged due to the edge tension, resulting in a flaw.
【０００４】このような条材の表面疵は、その後の高加
工の冷間圧延時の割れにつながる。また、最近の丸棒製
品などの表面疵品質基準は厳しく、微細な表面疵でも、
製品品質基準を満たさない場合が起こる。従って、従
来、ビレットに存在する疵は、別途設けた疵取りライン
によりその疵を取っていた( 例えば、実開昭60-38607号
公報参照) 。また、冷間圧延前の条材の表面疵も、別途
設けた疵取りラインで取っていた( 例えば、特公平1-20
011号公報参照) 。Such surface flaws of the strip material lead to cracks during cold rolling during the subsequent high working. In addition, the recent standards for surface flaws such as round bar products are strict, and even with fine surface flaws,
There are cases where the product quality standards are not met. Therefore, conventionally, the flaw existing in the billet is removed by a flaw removing line provided separately (for example, see Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 60-38607). In addition, the surface flaws of the strip before cold rolling were also taken in a flaw removal line (for example, Japanese Patent Publication 1-20
(See Japanese Patent No. 011).
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記従来の技術は、ビ
レット圧延後、又は、条材の熱間連続圧延が終わった
後、冷間圧延をする前に、疵取り装置により条材の表面
疵を除去するものであったので、別途、疵取りラインが
必要であった。即ち、圧延前の高温のビレットには、そ
の表面にスケールを有するため、スケールとキズとの区
別がし難いこと、及び、高温下での検出、疵取りが困難
であること等から、別途疵取りラインを設けていた。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned conventional technique is that the surface flaw of a strip material is scratched by a flaw removing device after billet rolling or after hot continuous rolling of strip material and before cold rolling. Since it was to remove the scratches, a separate scratch removal line was required. That is, since the high temperature billet before rolling has a scale on its surface, it is difficult to distinguish between scale and scratch, and it is difficult to detect and scratch under high temperature. There was a taking line.
【０００６】従って、設備費の増大、並びに、加工時間
の増大を招いていた。そこで、本発明は、熱間連続圧延
ライン中で、走行中の圧延材の表面疵を除去するように
して、設備費及び加工時間の低減を図るようにした、条
材の疵取り圧延法及びその装置を提供することを目的と
する。Therefore, the equipment cost and the processing time are increased. Therefore, the present invention, in the hot continuous rolling line, by removing the surface flaws of the rolling material during running, to reduce the equipment cost and processing time, flaw rolling method for strip material and It is an object to provide the device.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するた
め、本発明は次の手段を講じた。即ち、本発明の条材の
疵取り圧延法の特徴とするところは、ビレットから所定
形状の条材を熱間連続圧延する際、その上流の角、菱パ
スで圧延材の表面の疵部位を検出し、その下流の角、菱
パスで前記検出した疵部位の疵を除去して、その下流の
仕上げパスで所定形状の条材に圧延する点にある。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following means. That is, the feature of the flaw rolling method of the strip of the present invention is that when a strip having a predetermined shape is continuously hot-rolled from a billet, the upstream corner and the rhombus pass of the strip part of the surface of the strip are used. The point is to detect and remove the flaws on the detected flaw portion at the downstream corner and rhomboid pass, and to roll to a strip having a predetermined shape in the downstream finishing pass.
【０００８】なお、前記圧延材の疵検出部位は、圧延材
の角形断面のコーナ部である。又、本発明の条材の疵取
り圧延装置の特徴とするところは、ビレットから所定形
状の条材を熱間連続圧延する圧延設備の角、菱パスライ
ンの上流部に圧延材の表面の疵を検出する検出装置が設
けられ、該検出装置の下流側の角、菱パスラインに疵取
り装置が設けられ、該疵取り装置の下流側に所定形状の
条材に圧延する仕上げパスラインが配置されている点に
ある。The flaw detection portion of the rolled material is a corner portion of the rectangular cross section of the rolled material. In addition, the feature of the flaw rolling mill of the strip of the present invention is that the surface of the strip is scratched at the corner of the rolling facility for hot continuous rolling of a strip having a predetermined shape from the billet, and upstream of the diamond pass line. Is provided with a detecting device for detecting, and a flaw removing device is provided at a corner on the downstream side of the detecting device, a rhombus pass line, and a finishing pass line for rolling to a strip material having a predetermined shape is provided on the downstream side of the flaw removing device. There is a point.
【０００９】そして、前記検出装置は、圧延材の角形断
面のコーナ部の疵を検出するものである。The detecting device detects a flaw in the corner portion of the square cross section of the rolled material.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明によれば、ビレットから所定形状の条材
を熱間連続圧延する際、その上流の角、菱パスで圧延材
の表面の疵部位を検出する。即ち、ビレットの表面に存
在するスケールは一度圧延すると取り除かれるので、疵
とスケールの判別は容易になるので、上流の角、菱パス
を通してから疵部位の検出を行うようにしている。According to the present invention, when a strip material having a predetermined shape is continuously hot-rolled from a billet, a flaw portion on the surface of the rolled material is detected by an upstream corner or a rhombus pass. That is, since the scale existing on the surface of the billet is removed once it is rolled, the flaw and the scale can be easily discriminated. Therefore, the flaw portion is detected after passing through the upstream corner and the rhombus path.
【００１１】そして、疵検出部位は、圧延材の角形断面
のコーナ部とされている。即ち、角、菱パスを有するも
のでは、コーナ割れが生じやすいので、かかるコーナ部
に限定することで、分解能の高い検出装置を用いなくと
も、検出の容易化が図られる。The flaw detecting portion is a corner portion of a square section of the rolled material. That is, since a corner having a corner or a rhombus path is likely to have a corner crack, by limiting to such a corner portion, the detection can be facilitated without using a detection device having a high resolution.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づき説明す
る。図１に、ビレットから所定形状の条材を圧延する、
熱間連続圧延ラインの一般的なレイアウトを示す。ビレ
ットの断面形状は角形であり、条材の断面形状は丸形で
ある。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, a billet is rolled into a predetermined shape,
The general layout of a hot continuous rolling line is shown. The billet has a rectangular cross section, and the strip has a round cross section.
【００１３】同図に於て、符号１は角、菱パスライン
を、２は仕上げパスラインを、３は圧延材のパスライン
を各々示している。圧延機4 は、縦型と横型が交互に配
置されており、Ｖは縦型を、Ｈは横型を各々示してい
る。また同図の「菱」「角」「オーバル」及び「丸」
は、ロールのカリバー（孔型）が菱形、角形、楕円形及
び円形であることを示している。また、〜▲マル14▼
は圧延機番号を示し、の圧延機4 は、圧延ラインの最
上流側に配置され、▲マル14▼の圧延機4 は最下流側に
配置されている。In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a corner and rhombus pass line, 2 is a finishing pass line, and 3 is a pass line of rolled material. The rolling mills 4 are arranged in a vertical type and a horizontal type alternately. V indicates a vertical type and H indicates a horizontal type. In addition, "Rishi", "Corner", "Oval" and "Round" in the figure
Indicates that the roll caliber (pore type) is rhombic, prismatic, elliptical and circular. Also, ~ ▲ Mar 14 ▼
Indicates a rolling mill number, rolling mill 4 is located on the most upstream side of the rolling line, and rolling mill 4 on the circle 14 is located on the most downstream side.
【００１４】前記角、菱パスラインの上流の第４パスと
第５パスの間に疵検出装置5 が配置され、第６パスと第
７パスの間に疵取り装置6 が配置されている。この疵検
出装置5 と疵取り装置6 は、互いに電気的に接続されて
いる。前記疵検出装置5 は、図２に示すような、圧延材
7のコーナ部8 の疵9 を、イメージセンサーで検出する
ものである。従って、この疵検出装置5 には、撮像装置
や、画像処理装置を有する。そして、この疵検出装置5
は、疵検出部位、疵9の長さＬ、検出時刻、等の疵検出
データを記憶する記憶手段を有する。更に、この疵検出
装置5 には、予めインプットされた疵データと、前記疵
検出データとを比較して、除去すべき疵かそうでない疵
かを判断する比較手段と、比較手段によって選ばれた除
去すべき疵に対し、前記疵取り装置に疵取り指令を発す
る指令手段等を有する。A flaw detecting device 5 is arranged between the fourth and fifth passes upstream of the corner and rhombus pass lines, and a flaw removing device 6 is arranged between the sixth and seventh passes. The flaw detection device 5 and the flaw removal device 6 are electrically connected to each other. The flaw detection device 5 is a rolled material as shown in FIG.
An image sensor detects a flaw 9 in the corner 8 of the 7. Therefore, the flaw detection device 5 has an image pickup device and an image processing device. And this flaw detection device 5
Has a storage means for storing the defect detection data such as the defect detection site, the length L of the defect 9, the detection time and the like. Further, in this flaw detection device 5, the pre-input flaw data is compared with the flaw detection data to determine whether the flaw should be removed or not, and the comparison means is selected. It has command means for issuing a flaw removal command to the flaw removal device for a flaw to be removed.
【００１５】前記疵取り装置6 は、切削工具で圧延材7
のコーナ部8 の疵9 を切削除去するものであり、直バイ
トを取り付ける工具ホルダーと、該工具ホルダーを圧延
材7に対して前進後退させる駆動装置と、この駆動装置
を自動制御する制御装置等を有する。この制御装置に対
し、前記指令手段から制御指令が発せられる。前記切削
工具は、高温の圧延材に接触するため、通常の工具鋼
（ＳＫＤ，ＳＫＨ等）では耐久性が無いので、TiC で強
靭化されAL2O3-SiC のＦＲＣ( 繊維強化セラミックス)
等が用いられている。また、超硬合金（ＷＣ）を用いる
場合は、工具内に細管を設け、冷却水を通すようにされ
ている。The flaw removing device 6 is a cutting tool for rolling material 7
Is for cutting and removing flaws 9 in the corner portion 8 of the tool holder, a tool holder for mounting a straight tool, a drive device for moving the tool holder forward and backward with respect to the rolled material 7, a control device for automatically controlling this drive device, etc. Have. A control command is issued to the control device from the command means. Since the cutting tool comes into contact with hot rolled material, it is not durable with ordinary tool steel (SKD, SKH, etc.), so it is toughened with TiC and FRC (fiber reinforced ceramics) of AL 2 O 3 -SiC.
Etc. are used. When a cemented carbide (WC) is used, a thin tube is provided in the tool so that cooling water can pass through.
【００１６】また、切削工具で圧延材7 を切削するとき
の圧延材7 の振れを防止するために、圧延材7 をガイド
するためのガイド装置が、前後に設けられている。次
に、前記圧延設備を用いた疵取り方法について説明す
る。加熱されたビレット（断面角形鋼塊）が、角、菱パ
スライン1 から仕上げパスライン2 を通って所定形状の
丸棒の条材に圧延される。Further, in order to prevent the rolling material 7 from swinging when the rolling material 7 is cut by a cutting tool, guide devices for guiding the rolling material 7 are provided at the front and rear. Next, a flaw removal method using the rolling equipment will be described. A heated billet (square steel ingot in cross section) is rolled from a square, rhombus pass line 1 to a finishing pass line 2 into a round bar material having a predetermined shape.
【００１７】前記熱間連続圧延中、圧延材7 は、疵検出
装置5 によって、そのコーナ部8 の疵9 が検出される。
そして、検出された疵9 は、その下流側の疵取り装置6
によって、切削除去される。即ち、疵検出装置5 で疵を
検出した時刻から、ｔ1-Δｔ1 経過後、疵取り装置6 に
疵取り指令が発せられる。ここで、ｔ1 は、疵検出装置
5 と疵取り装置6 との間を圧延材7 が進む時間であり、
Δｔ1 は装置の作動遅れ時間である。During the hot continuous rolling, the flaw detection device 5 detects a flaw 9 in the corner 8 of the rolled material 7.
The detected flaw 9 is the flaw removal device 6 on the downstream side.
It is removed by cutting. That is, a flaw removal command is issued to the flaw removal device 6 after t1-Δt1 has elapsed from the time when the flaw detection device 5 detected the flaw. Where t1 is a flaw detection device
It is the time for rolled material 7 to travel between 5 and the flaw removal device 6,
.DELTA.t1 is the operation delay time of the device.
【００１８】この指令信号に基づき、疵取り装置6 の駆
動装置が作動し、工具ホルダーが圧延材側に向かって前
進し、工具が走行している圧延材7 のコーナ部8 に接触
して、前記検出した疵9 を切削除去する。このときの切
削工具の切込み深さは、圧延材7 の対角距離100mm に対
し、高々２〜３mmである。尚、切削工具の圧延材接触時
間ｔ2 は、Ｌ／Ｖで与えられる。ここで、Ｌは前記疵検
出装置5 で検出した疵9の長さであり、Ｖは疵取り装置6
での圧延材7 の走行速度である。Based on this command signal, the drive device of the flaw removing device 6 operates, the tool holder advances toward the rolled material side, and the tool comes into contact with the corner portion 8 of the rolled material 7 running, The detected flaw 9 is removed by cutting. The cutting depth of the cutting tool at this time is at most 2 to 3 mm for a diagonal distance of the rolled material 7 of 100 mm. The rolling material contact time t2 of the cutting tool is given by L / V. Here, L is the length of the flaw 9 detected by the flaw detection device 5, and V is the flaw removal device 6
The running speed of rolled material 7 in
【００１９】このようにして切削された圧延材7 の表面
のその切削部分は、ゆるやかな凹部状になるが、次のパ
スの加工でその凹状部は消え、圧延材7 の表面は平滑化
される。図３に、従来の疵取りしない場合と、前記実施
例に示した装置で疵取りした場合の、圧延材（材質：快
削ステンレス鋼）の表面疵深さの推移を比較して示して
いる。同図のグラフに於て、横軸は、パス数で、縦軸は
疵深さを示し、実線で示すものは、従来の疵取りをしな
い場合の疵深さの推移であり、点線で示すものが、本実
施例の場合である。The cut portion of the surface of the rolled material 7 thus cut has a gentle concave shape, but the concave portion disappears in the processing of the next pass, and the surface of the rolled material 7 is smoothed. It FIG. 3 shows a comparison of changes in the surface flaw depth of the rolled material (material: free-cutting stainless steel) when the conventional flaw is not removed and when the apparatus is used to remove the flaw. .. In the graph of the same figure, the horizontal axis shows the number of passes, the vertical axis shows the flaw depth, and the solid line shows the transition of the flaw depth without conventional flaw removal, which is shown by the dotted line. This is the case of this embodiment.
【００２０】実線で示す従来の方法では、４パス目でエ
ッジ割れを起こし、その割れによる表面疵はその後のパ
スで押し潰されて小さくなているが、最終の丸棒条材に
於て、0.1mm 以上の疵が残存している。しかし、点線で
示す本実施例によれば、６パス目で疵深さが激減し、丸
棒条材の表面疵深さは、0.1mm 以下になった。本発明に
おいて、前段の角、菱パスで疵の検出及び疵取りを行う
のは、前段パスの方が、圧延材の走行速度が小さく、且
つ圧延材の断面寸法が大きいため、検出及び疵取り作業
が容易になるためである。勿論、疵検出及び疵取りは、
後段の仕上げパスにおいても行えるが、圧延材の走行速
度の上昇と、断面寸法の減少により、その作業は前段で
行うものに比べ、格段に困難になる。In the conventional method shown by the solid line, edge cracks occur in the fourth pass, and surface flaws due to the cracks are crushed and reduced in the subsequent passes, but in the final round bar material, A flaw of 0.1 mm or more remains. However, according to the present example shown by the dotted line, the flaw depth was drastically reduced at the sixth pass, and the surface flaw depth of the round bar material was 0.1 mm or less. In the present invention, the detection of the flaw and the flaw removal in the former stage corner and rhomboid pass is because the traveling speed of the rolled material is smaller and the cross-sectional dimension of the rolled material is larger in the former pass, so the detection and the flaw removal are performed. This is because the work becomes easy. Of course, flaw detection and flaw removal are
Although it can be performed in the finishing pass in the latter stage, the work becomes much more difficult than the one performed in the former stage due to the increase in the traveling speed of the rolled material and the reduction in the sectional size.
【００２１】尚、本発明は、前記実施例に限定されるも
のでなく、例えば、切削工具として、直バイトに変え
て、フライス、または、スカーファを用いてもよく、更
に、切削工具に限らず、研削工具や非接触のレーザなど
で疵取りをしてもよい。また疵の形態は、エッジテンシ
ョンによる横割れに限らず、ヘゲ状の疵であってもよ
い。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, a milling tool or a scarfer may be used as the cutting tool instead of the straight cutting tool, and the cutting tool is not limited to the cutting tool. The flaw may be removed with a grinding tool or a non-contact laser. Moreover, the form of the flaw is not limited to lateral cracking due to edge tension, and may be a bald flaw.
【００２２】更に、疵検出装置は、イメージセンサーで
疵を検出するものに限定されない。Furthermore, the flaw detection device is not limited to one that detects flaws with an image sensor.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、熱間連続圧延工程にお
いて、条材の表面疵が除去されるので、そのまま冷間圧
延することができ、従来のように、熱間連続圧延で圧延
された条材を、別途疵取りラインで処理する必要がな
く、設備費の低減、並びに、加工時間の短縮が図れるも
のである。According to the present invention, in the hot continuous rolling process, the surface flaws of the strip are removed, so that the cold rolling can be carried out as it is. Since it is not necessary to separately process the strip material in the scratch removal line, it is possible to reduce the equipment cost and the processing time.
【図１】本発明の実施例を示す、条材の疵取り圧延装置
のレイアウト図である。FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a flaw rolling mill for strip material, showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】圧延材のコーナ割れを示す斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a corner crack of a rolled material.
【図３】疵深さの推移を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in flaw depth.
１ 角、菱パス ２ 仕上げパス ５ 疵検出装置 ６ 疵取り装置 1 corner, rhombus pass 2 finishing pass 5 flaw detection device 6 flaw removal device
Claims (4)
圧延する際、その上流の角、菱パスで圧延材の表面の疵
部位を検出し、その下流の角、菱パスで前記検出した疵
部位の疵を除去して、その下流の仕上げパスで所定形状
の条材に圧延することを特徴とする条材の疵取り圧延
法。1. When a strip material having a predetermined shape is continuously hot-rolled from a billet, a flaw portion on the surface of the rolled material is detected at an upstream corner and a rhombus pass, and is detected at a downstream corner and a rhombus pass. A flaw rolling method for a strip material, which comprises removing a flaw in a flaw portion and rolling the strip material into a strip material having a predetermined shape in a downstream finishing pass.
角形断面のコーナ部であることを特徴とする請求項１記
載の条材の疵取り圧延法。2. The flaw rolling method for a strip material according to claim 1, wherein the flaw detection portion on the surface of the rolled material is a corner portion of a rectangular cross section of the rolled material.
圧延する圧延設備の角、菱パスラインの上流部に圧延材
の表面の疵を検出する検出装置が設けられ、 該検出装置の下流側の角、菱パスラインに疵取り装置が
設けられ、 該疵取り装置の下流側に所定形状の条材に圧延する仕上
げパスラインが配置されていることを特徴とする条材の
疵取り圧延装置。3. A detection device for detecting a flaw on the surface of the rolled material is provided at the corner of a rolling facility for hot continuous rolling of a strip material having a predetermined shape from a billet, and upstream of the rhombus pass line. Downstream of the detection device. A flaw removing device is provided at the corners of the side and the rhomboid pass line, and a finishing pass line for rolling to a strip having a predetermined shape is arranged on the downstream side of the flaw removing device. apparatus.
部の疵を検出するものであることを特徴とする条材の疵
取り圧延装置。4. A flaw rolling mill for strip material, characterized in that the detection device detects flaws in the corners of the rectangular cross section of the rolled material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3220607A JPH0560701A (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | Method and device for flaw-eliminating rolling of line material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3220607A JPH0560701A (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | Method and device for flaw-eliminating rolling of line material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0560701A true JPH0560701A (en) | 1993-03-12 |
Family
ID=16753623
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3220607A Pending JPH0560701A (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | Method and device for flaw-eliminating rolling of line material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0560701A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114618893A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-14 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Operation method for quickly diagnosing and controlling scratch defects of hot-rolled strip steel |
-
1991
- 1991-08-30 JP JP3220607A patent/JPH0560701A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114618893A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-14 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Operation method for quickly diagnosing and controlling scratch defects of hot-rolled strip steel |
| CN114618893B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-09-19 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Operation method for rapidly diagnosing and controlling scratch defects of hot-rolled strip steel |
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