JPH0546397B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0546397B2 JPH0546397B2 JP63287754A JP28775488A JPH0546397B2 JP H0546397 B2 JPH0546397 B2 JP H0546397B2 JP 63287754 A JP63287754 A JP 63287754A JP 28775488 A JP28775488 A JP 28775488A JP H0546397 B2 JPH0546397 B2 JP H0546397B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- incinerator
- waste
- temperature
- oxygen
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001417523 Plesiopidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
＜産業上の利用分野＞
本発明は廃タイヤやIC電子部品等の産業廃棄
物或は厨芥等の一般廃棄物等を焼却しながら乾溜
して可燃性ガスを生成する方法及びその装置に関
する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention generates flammable gas by incinerating and dry distilling industrial waste such as waste tires and IC electronic components, or general waste such as kitchen waste. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus thereof.
＜従来技術＞
周知の如く、産業の発達に伴つて市民生活にお
ける購買力や消費力が増強され、消耗品や雑芥等
の廃棄物も年々増加し、更には、大型、小型の産
業廃棄物も増加するようになり、廃棄物を大量に
処理する必要が生じている。大量の廃棄物を処理
するためには、廃棄物処理に伴つて公害を発生さ
せず環境保全を図ることが出来るとともに、資源
を有効に利用出来る方法により処理されることが
望ましい。そこで、従来の焼却や埋立て処分の他
に、焼却処分の際に発生する可燃性ガスを利用す
る技術の開発が進められている。<Prior art> As is well known, with the development of industry, the purchasing power and consumption power in citizens' lives has increased, and the amount of waste such as consumables and garbage has increased year by year.Furthermore, large and small industrial waste has also increased. As the amount of waste has increased, it has become necessary to treat large amounts of waste. In order to process a large amount of waste, it is desirable that the waste be processed in a manner that does not cause pollution and protects the environment, as well as allows for effective use of resources. Therefore, in addition to conventional incineration and landfill disposal, advances are being made in the development of technologies that utilize the flammable gas generated during incineration.
この種の技術としては、例えば、IC部品等の
電子機器部品の樹脂製品や廃タイヤ等の可燃性樹
脂成分を有する廃棄物を焼却炉中で空気を遮断し
て前記樹脂成分の分解温度或は、それ以上に強く
加熱し熱分解させ乾溜して可燃性ガスを生成さ
せ、この可燃性ガスをボイラ等に導いて燃焼させ
る処理技術が知られている。 In this type of technology, for example, wastes containing combustible resin components such as resin products of electronic device parts such as IC parts and waste tires are placed in an incinerator with air cut off to raise the decomposition temperature of the resin components or A processing technique is known in which combustible gas is generated by heating it more intensely, causing thermal decomposition and dry distillation, and then guiding this flammable gas to a boiler or the like to burn it.
前記処理技術では、一般にレンガ等の耐火物或
は金属板で形成された焼却炉のハウジング内に、
例えば、廃タイヤ等の被燃焼物を投入し、酸素供
給装置に接続された供給口より所定の酸素や水性
ガスとしての水蒸気を送入して点火することによ
り密閉ハウジング内で被燃焼物を不完全燃焼さ
せ、炉内に可燃性ガスを生成させて所定の排出口
より排出回収し、ボイラを予め併設する等して該
ボイラの燃焼とする等の熱源利用が図られてい
る。 In the processing technology, the incinerator housing is generally made of a refractory material such as brick or a metal plate.
For example, a material to be combustible, such as a waste tire, is put in and ignited by supplying a specified amount of oxygen or water vapor from a supply port connected to an oxygen supply device to ignite the material to be combustible in a sealed housing. The heat source is utilized by completely combusting the gas to generate flammable gas in the furnace, which is discharged and recovered from a predetermined exhaust port, and by installing a boiler in advance for combustion in the boiler.
＜発明が解決しようとする課題＞
ところが、前記可燃性ガスを生成させるプロセ
スでは、焼却炉内で消費される酸素の量が被燃焼
物の炉内に占める嵩量等の要因によつて定量的で
ないうえに時間的にも変化するので酸素供給量の
バランスが狂いやすい。この場合に酸素供給量が
不足すると被燃焼物の燃焼が抑制され乾溜が進ま
ず、可燃性ガスの生成が低下し、又、過剰になる
と被燃焼物の燃焼が過剰に進行して乾溜が進ま
ず、更には生成した可燃性ガス回収前に焼却炉内
で燃焼してしまうという不都合がある。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, in the process of generating flammable gas, the amount of oxygen consumed in the incinerator is quantitatively determined by factors such as the bulk of the objects to be burned in the incinerator. Not only that, but it also changes over time, making it easy for the balance of oxygen supply to go out of whack. In this case, if the amount of oxygen supplied is insufficient, the combustion of the materials to be combusted will be suppressed and dry distillation will not proceed, resulting in a decrease in the production of flammable gas, and if it is in excess, the combustion of the materials to be burned will proceed excessively and dry distillation will proceed. First, there is a further disadvantage that the generated combustible gas is burned in the incinerator before being recovered.
そこで、酸素の供給量について、焼却炉内で消
費される酸素量と供給する酸素量とのバランスを
図つて最適量の酸素が供給される様に、制御と調
製とを行う必要がある。 Therefore, it is necessary to control and adjust the amount of oxygen supplied so that the optimum amount of oxygen is supplied by balancing the amount of oxygen consumed in the incinerator and the amount of oxygen supplied.
前記酸素供給量の制御及び調製は、一般に、可
燃性ガスの生成量及び純度を所定の測定器等によ
つて計測確認しながら、作業者が酸素供給装置の
バルブ操作を行つたり、所定の電子制御装置によ
つて調製することが行われている。 Generally, the oxygen supply amount is controlled and adjusted by an operator operating the valve of the oxygen supply device while measuring and confirming the amount and purity of combustible gas produced using a predetermined measuring instrument, etc. Preparation is performed using an electronic control device.
しかしながら、かかる制御の自動化は、可燃性
ガスの純度や炉内温度、更には、被燃焼物の容積
等を検出するために多くのセンサを用い、前記セ
ンサから得られる情報を処理して酸素の供給を制
御するために、複雑な制御装置を組み込むことと
なり、装置が複雑且つ大型化したり、センサの耐
久性の低下や計測器の寿命を著しく早める等の弊
害を伴い充分な制御が行え難いという難点があつ
た。 However, automation of such control requires the use of many sensors to detect the purity of the combustible gas, the temperature inside the furnace, and the volume of the material to be combusted, and processes the information obtained from the sensors to detect oxygen. In order to control the supply, a complex control device must be built in, making the device complicated and large, reducing the durability of the sensor, and significantly shortening the life of the measuring instrument, making it difficult to perform sufficient control. There was a problem.
又、装置や制御機構が複雑であるため保守・点
検・整備等のメンテナンスが煩瑣となり、処理能
率の低下を招き、結果的にコスト高につながると
いう不利な点があつた。 In addition, since the device and control mechanism are complicated, maintenance such as maintenance, inspection, maintenance, etc. is troublesome, leading to a decrease in processing efficiency and resulting in an increase in costs.
加えて、被燃焼物を均一に燃焼分解させるため
には、焼却炉内に微密に多数の空気供給口を設け
て酸素を供給して広範囲に亘るスムースな分解を
均一に行う必要があるが、焼却炉内に於ける燃焼
の進行に伴い灰分が沈降し空気供給口が閉塞され
かねないという不都合も生じて有効なガス化が行
えないという不都合があつた。 In addition, in order to uniformly burn and decompose the materials to be combusted, it is necessary to provide a large number of minutely spaced air supply ports in the incinerator to supply oxygen and ensure smooth and uniform decomposition over a wide area. However, as the combustion progresses in the incinerator, the ash settles and the air supply port may become clogged, making it impossible to carry out effective gasification.
＜発明の目的＞
本発明の目的は、上述従来技術の不都合を解決
し、廃棄物の焼却に際し焼却炉内に供給される酸
素量の制御及び調製を複雑で大型の装置によるこ
となく簡単な構成の装置により行うことが出来、
焼却炉内における廃棄物の乾溜及び可燃性ガスの
生成を安定して行うことが出来る乾溜ガス化方法
及びこの方法に適した装置を提供することにあ
る。<Object of the Invention> The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a simple structure for controlling and adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied to the incinerator when incinerating waste without using a complicated and large-sized device. This can be done with the equipment of
An object of the present invention is to provide a dry distillation gasification method capable of stably performing dry distillation of waste and generation of combustible gas in an incinerator, and an apparatus suitable for this method.
また、本発明の目的は、焼却炉内で生成する可
燃性ガスを熱源として利用して燃焼させる際に、
煤煙基準を充分に満足し大気汚染を防止出来る無
公害の乾溜ガス化方法及び装置を提供することに
もある。 Moreover, the purpose of the present invention is to burn the flammable gas generated in the incinerator as a heat source.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a pollution-free dry distillation gasification method and apparatus that fully satisfy soot standards and prevent air pollution.
＜課題を解決するための手段＞
本発明の乾溜ガス化方法は、廃棄物を内部が外
気から実質的に遮断された焼却炉内に投入し、該
廃棄物に着火して、該焼却炉内の酸素を該廃棄物
が完全燃焼に至らない量に抑制しつつ該廃棄物の
一部を自家燃焼させ、その燃焼熱により該廃棄物
に含まれる有機物を乾溜し、該乾溜により可燃性
ガスを生成する方法において、該可燃性ガスを焼
却炉外に導いて燃焼させたときの温度の変化に連
係させて該燃焼炉内に酸素を供給するようにする
と共に、該可燃性ガスの燃焼温度が所定温度以上
の時には該焼却炉への酸素の供給量を減少させ、
所定温度以下の時には酸素の供給量を増大させ、
可燃性ガスの生成状態を制御することを特徴とす
る。<Means for Solving the Problems> In the dry distillation gasification method of the present invention, waste is placed in an incinerator whose interior is substantially shielded from outside air, the waste is ignited, and the inside of the incinerator is ignited. Part of the waste is combusted in-house while suppressing oxygen to an amount that does not lead to complete combustion of the waste, and the heat of combustion is used to dry distill the organic matter contained in the waste, and the dry distillation removes flammable gas. In the method of generating the combustible gas, oxygen is supplied into the combustion furnace in conjunction with a change in temperature when the flammable gas is guided outside the incinerator and combusted, and the combustion temperature of the combustible gas is When the temperature is above a predetermined temperature, the amount of oxygen supplied to the incinerator is reduced,
When the temperature is below a certain level, the amount of oxygen supplied is increased,
It is characterized by controlling the generation state of combustible gas.
前記乾溜ガス化方法では、前記可燃性ガスを前
記焼却炉外に導いて燃焼させる際に、該可燃性ガ
スを燃焼させたときの温度の変化に連係させて該
可燃性ガスに供給する酸素の量を増減して可燃性
ガスの燃焼状態を制御することを特徴とする。 In the dry distillation gasification method, when the combustible gas is led outside the incinerator and combusted, the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustible gas is adjusted in conjunction with the change in temperature when the combustible gas is combusted. It is characterized by controlling the combustion state of the combustible gas by increasing or decreasing the amount.
また、本発明の乾溜ガス化装置は、内部が外気
から実質的に遮断された焼却炉内に投入された廃
棄物の一部を自家燃焼させながら残部を乾溜して
可燃性ガスを生成する装置であつて、該焼却炉に
開閉自在の廃棄物投入口及び焼却物排出口を設
け、該焼却炉内に投入された廃棄物に着火する着
火装置を設け、該焼却炉に接続して焼却炉外に該
可燃性ガスを燃焼させるバーナを設け、該バーナ
に可燃性ガスの燃焼温度を検出する温度センサを
設け、該焼却炉内の底部へ酸素を供給する焼却炉
酸素供給装置を設け、該温度センサの検出温度が
所定温度以上の時には酸素の供給量を減少させ、
所定温度以下の時には酸素の供給量を増大させる
ように、該焼却炉酸素供給装置から該焼却炉内に
供給する酸素の量を制御する焼却炉酸素供給量制
御装置を設けたことを特徴とする。 Further, the dry distillation gasification device of the present invention is a device that generates combustible gas by self-combusting a part of the waste put into an incinerator whose interior is substantially isolated from outside air while dry distilling the remaining part. The incinerator is provided with a waste inlet and a waste outlet that can be opened and closed, an ignition device is provided to ignite the waste thrown into the incinerator, and the incinerator is connected to the incinerator. A burner for burning the combustible gas is provided outside, a temperature sensor for detecting the combustion temperature of the combustible gas is provided on the burner, an incinerator oxygen supply device is provided for supplying oxygen to the bottom of the incinerator, When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is higher than a predetermined temperature, the amount of oxygen supplied is reduced,
The incinerator is characterized by being provided with an incinerator oxygen supply amount control device that controls the amount of oxygen supplied from the incinerator oxygen supply device into the incinerator so as to increase the amount of oxygen supplied when the temperature is below a predetermined temperature. .
前記乾溜ガス化装置は、前記バーナが可燃性ガ
スが導通される燃焼室と着火装置となり、該燃焼
室に接続して前記可燃性ガスを燃焼させる酸素を
供給する燃焼室酸素供給装置を設け、前記温度セ
ンサにて検出された該可燃性ガスの焼却温度に連
係して該燃焼室酸素供給装置から該燃焼室内に供
給される酸素の量を制御する燃焼室酸素供給量制
御装置を設けたことを特徴とする。 The dry distillation gasifier is provided with a combustion chamber in which the burner serves as a combustion chamber through which combustible gas is passed and an ignition device, and a combustion chamber oxygen supply device connected to the combustion chamber to supply oxygen to burn the combustible gas, A combustion chamber oxygen supply amount control device is provided that controls the amount of oxygen supplied into the combustion chamber from the combustion chamber oxygen supply device in conjunction with the incineration temperature of the combustible gas detected by the temperature sensor. It is characterized by
また、前記乾溜ガス化装置では、上記焼却炉酸
素供給装置から焼却炉へ酸素を供給する供給口
は、焼却炉の下部に設けられると共に焼却炉内に
先頭部が臨む複数のプラグを介して炉内に開口
し、該プラグの先頭部が凸状に***形成されてい
ることを特徴とする。 Further, in the dry distillation gasifier, the supply port for supplying oxygen from the incinerator oxygen supply device to the incinerator is provided at the lower part of the incinerator, and is connected to the incinerator via a plurality of plugs whose front end faces into the incinerator. The plug is characterized by opening inward and having a convexly raised top end.
＜作用＞
本発明の方法によれば、焼却炉に産業廃棄物や
都市の生活廃棄物を含む一般廃棄物を投入して着
火すると、前記廃棄物の一部が燃焼し、その燃焼
熱により焼却炉内が前記廃棄物に含まれる有機物
の分解温度以上の高温の雰囲気となる。この雰囲
気下に、前記廃棄物が乾溜され、前記有機物の分
解により可燃性ガスが生成する。<Function> According to the method of the present invention, when general waste including industrial waste and urban waste is put into an incinerator and ignited, a part of the waste is combusted, and the combustion heat causes the incineration. The inside of the furnace becomes an atmosphere with a high temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the organic matter contained in the waste. In this atmosphere, the waste is dry distilled, and combustible gas is generated by decomposition of the organic matter.
前記焼却炉内での廃棄物の乾溜は前記廃棄物の
一部が燃焼する際の熱により行われるので、前記
乾溜とそれに伴う可燃性ガスの生成を安定して進
行させるためには、前記廃棄物の一部を継続的に
安定に燃焼させることが重要である。 Dry distillation of waste in the incinerator is performed using heat generated when a part of the waste is combusted. It is important to continuously and stably burn part of the material.
そこで、本発明の方法は、前記可燃性ガスを焼
却炉外で燃焼させ、そのときの燃焼温度を測定し
て、間接的に前記焼却炉内での可燃性ガスの生成
状態を検知する。即ち、前記燃焼温度が所定温度
以上に上昇すれば可燃性ガスの生成状態が過度に
促進される傾向にあるものとして廃棄物の一部を
燃焼させる酸素の供給量を減少させ、前記燃焼温
度が所定温度以下に低下すれば可燃性ガスの生成
状態が減退する傾向にあるものとして廃棄物の一
部を燃焼させる酸素の供給量を増加させる。 Therefore, in the method of the present invention, the combustible gas is combusted outside the incinerator, the combustion temperature at that time is measured, and the state of production of the combustible gas inside the incinerator is indirectly detected. That is, if the combustion temperature rises above a predetermined temperature, the generation of flammable gas tends to be excessively accelerated, so the amount of oxygen supplied to burn part of the waste is reduced, and the combustion temperature is increased. If the temperature falls below a predetermined temperature, the amount of oxygen supplied to burn part of the waste is increased since the state of combustible gas production tends to decline.
このように、焼却炉内に供給される酸素の量を
制御、調整することにより、廃棄物の一部の燃焼
が安定して継続され、その熱により前記廃棄物の
乾溜及び可燃性ガスの生成が安定して行われる。 In this way, by controlling and adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied into the incinerator, the combustion of a part of the waste can be continued stably, and the heat can be used to dry distill the waste and generate flammable gas. is performed stably.
本発明の方法では、煤煙等の原因となる無機物
は焼却炉内に留められ、前記可燃性ガスのみが焼
却炉外に導かれて燃焼されるので、煤煙等の公害
を発生することがなく、更に、焼却炉内での燃焼
状態を制御できるので、NOX等の発生を抑制で
き大気汚染が防止される。前記可燃性ガスの燃焼
に伴う熱は、エネルギーとして再利用される。 In the method of the present invention, inorganic substances that cause soot and smoke are retained in the incinerator, and only the flammable gas is led outside the incinerator and burned, so no pollution such as soot and smoke is generated. Furthermore, since the combustion state within the incinerator can be controlled, the generation of NOx etc. can be suppressed and air pollution can be prevented. The heat accompanying the combustion of the combustible gas is reused as energy.
また、前記可燃性ガスを前記焼却炉外に導いて
燃焼させる際に、該可燃性ガスを燃焼させたとき
の温度の変化に連係させて該可燃性ガスに供給す
る酸素の量を増減して可燃性ガスの燃焼状態を制
御する。 Further, when the flammable gas is led outside the incinerator and burned, the amount of oxygen supplied to the flammable gas is increased or decreased in conjunction with the change in temperature when the flammable gas is burned. Controls the combustion state of flammable gas.
この結果、前記可燃性ガスの燃焼状態に応じて
バランスのとれた量の酸素が供給され、可燃性ガ
スが安定した状態で燃焼を継続し、可燃性ガスの
生成状態に応じた燃焼による温度を的確に検知で
きるようにすると共に可燃性ガスの完全燃焼が行
われるようにする。 As a result, a balanced amount of oxygen is supplied according to the combustion state of the flammable gas, the combustible gas continues to burn in a stable state, and the temperature due to combustion is adjusted according to the generation state of the flammable gas. To enable accurate detection and complete combustion of combustible gas.
本発明の方法では、以上のようにして、前記焼
却炉内での廃棄物の乾溜燃焼を安定に行わせる一
方、焼却炉外での可燃性ガスの燃焼をも安定に行
わせるようにし、両者の燃焼が可燃性ガスの燃焼
温度により連係して制御されるので、廃棄物の乾
溜及び可燃性ガスの生成が効率よく行われる。 In the method of the present invention, as described above, while the dry distillation combustion of waste is carried out stably within the incinerator, the combustion of flammable gas outside the incinerator is also stably carried out, and both Since the combustion of the waste is controlled in conjunction with the combustion temperature of the combustible gas, dry distillation of the waste and generation of the combustible gas are efficiently performed.
また、本発明の乾溜ガス化装置によれば、前記
可燃性ガスを燃焼させたときの温度は前記可燃性
ガスをバーナで燃焼させたときの温度を測定する
温度センサにより検知され、前記温度センサにて
測定されたデータが焼却炉酸素供給量制御装置に
送られる。焼却炉酸素供給量制御装置は、前記温
度センサにて測定される前記可燃性ガスの燃焼温
度と予め設定された温度とを比較して酸素の供給
量を制御する。 Further, according to the dry distillation gasifier of the present invention, the temperature when the combustible gas is combusted is detected by a temperature sensor that measures the temperature when the combustible gas is combusted in a burner, and the temperature sensor The measured data is sent to the incinerator oxygen supply amount control device. The incinerator oxygen supply amount control device controls the oxygen supply amount by comparing the combustion temperature of the combustible gas measured by the temperature sensor with a preset temperature.
即ち、前記温度が所定値以上になれば酸素供給
量を減少させ、前記温度が所定温度以下になれば
酸素供給量を増大させる。 That is, when the temperature becomes above a predetermined value, the amount of oxygen supplied is decreased, and when the temperature becomes below a predetermined temperature, the amount of oxygen supplied is increased.
従つて、本発明の乾溜ガス化装置によれば、多
種のセンサを用いて得られる情報を処理する複雑
で大型の装置によらずに、前記温度センサから得
られる情報のみにより焼却炉内に対する酸素供給
量の制御及び調整が行われるので、構成が簡略化
される。 Therefore, according to the dry distillation gasifier of the present invention, the oxygen in the incinerator is controlled only by the information obtained from the temperature sensor, without using a complicated and large-sized device that processes information obtained using various sensors. Since the supply amount is controlled and adjusted, the configuration is simplified.
また、本出願の発明の乾溜ガス化装置によれ
ば、前記可燃性ガスを燃焼させるバーナが前記可
燃性ガスの導通される燃焼室と着火装置とからな
るので、一旦可燃性ガスが燃焼し始めるとその熱
により燃焼室内が燃焼温度以上に保たれる。この
とき、前記燃焼室には燃焼室酸素供給装置が接続
されているので、一旦燃焼しはじめた可燃性ガス
は前記燃焼室酸素供給装置から供給される酸素に
より燃焼が継続される。 Further, according to the dry distillation gasification apparatus of the invention of the present application, since the burner for burning the flammable gas includes a combustion chamber through which the combustible gas is conducted and an ignition device, the flammable gas starts to burn once. This heat keeps the inside of the combustion chamber above the combustion temperature. At this time, since the combustion chamber oxygen supply device is connected to the combustion chamber, the combustion of the combustible gas that has once started to burn is continued by the oxygen supplied from the combustion chamber oxygen supply device.
前記可燃性ガスは、前述のようにその燃焼させ
たときの温度が前記温度センサにて検知されてお
り、そのデータは焼却炉酸素供給装置に送られる
と同時に、燃焼室酸素供給装置にも送られる。燃
焼室酸素供給量制御装置は、前記温度センサにて
測定される前記可燃性ガスが燃焼したときの温度
と予め設定された温度とを比較して酸素供給量を
制御する。 As mentioned above, the temperature of the combustible gas when it is combusted is detected by the temperature sensor, and the data is sent to the incinerator oxygen supply system and at the same time to the combustion chamber oxygen supply system. It will be done. The combustion chamber oxygen supply amount control device controls the oxygen supply amount by comparing the temperature at which the combustible gas is combusted, which is measured by the temperature sensor, with a preset temperature.
本発明の装置によれば、以上のようにして、前
記焼却炉内に対する酸素の供給の制御と、燃焼室
内に対する酸素の供給の制御とを、ともに可燃性
ガスを燃焼させたときの温度により連係しておこ
なうので、廃棄物の一部の燃焼が安定に進行する
一方、燃焼室内での可燃性ガスの燃焼も安定に進
行し、廃棄物の乾溜及び可燃性ガスの生成が連係
して効率よく行われる。 According to the apparatus of the present invention, as described above, the control of the supply of oxygen into the incinerator and the control of the supply of oxygen into the combustion chamber are both linked based on the temperature at which the combustible gas is combusted. As a result, while the combustion of a part of the waste progresses stably, the combustion of flammable gas within the combustion chamber also progresses stably, and the dry distillation of waste and the generation of combustible gas work together and efficiently. It will be done.
また、本発明の乾溜ガス化装置では、上記焼却
炉酸素供給装置から焼却炉へ酸素を供給する供給
口は、焼却炉の下部に設けられると共に焼却炉内
に先頭部が臨む複数のプラグを介して炉内に開口
し、該プラグの先頭部が凸状に***形成されてい
るので、前記廃棄物の焼却炉内に於ける燃焼によ
り発生する灰分は、プラグの先頭部を流化しプラ
グ周辺に沈降し、前記焼却炉酸素供給口が灰分に
よつて閉塞されずに済む。 Further, in the dry distillation gasifier of the present invention, the supply port for supplying oxygen from the incinerator oxygen supply device to the incinerator is provided at the lower part of the incinerator, and is connected through a plurality of plugs whose front end faces into the incinerator. The plug opens into the furnace, and the leading end of the plug is formed in a convex shape, so that the ash generated by combustion of the waste in the incinerator flows through the leading end of the plug and flows around the plug. This prevents the incinerator oxygen supply port from being blocked by ash.
＜実施例＞
次に、本発明の実施例を第１図に示す乾溜ガス
化装置１を参照して説明すれば以下の通りであ
る。<Example> Next, an example of the present invention will be described below with reference to a dry distillation gasification apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
当該第１図に於て、焼却炉２は被燃焼物として
の廃棄物である廃タイヤ３，３…をガス化燃料素
材に使用して乾溜し可燃性ガス２２を生成するも
のであり、スチール製の二重壁構造となつている
炉枠７の底部には底板６が取り外し自在に嵌着さ
れ、上部には投入扉１１が投入口１２に開閉自在
に嵌着されて、一体的に炉身を形成している。焼
却炉２の底板６には所定数多数の微細径の空気供
給口４が穿設されてバルブ９及び空気供給バルブ
３８を介して空気供給装置１０に接続され、焼却
炉２内への空気の送給が行われるようにされてい
る。 In Fig. 1, the incinerator 2 uses waste tires 3, 3..., which are waste materials to be combusted, as a gasified fuel material and dry distillates them to produce a combustible gas 22. A bottom plate 6 is removably fitted to the bottom of the furnace frame 7, which has a double-walled structure, and a charging door 11 is fitted to the top of the furnace frame 7 so as to be openable and closable. forming the body. A predetermined number of fine-diameter air supply ports 4 are bored in the bottom plate 6 of the incinerator 2 and are connected to an air supply device 10 via a valve 9 and an air supply valve 38 to supply air into the incinerator 2. Delivery is made to take place.
焼却炉２の底部には、電気式の適宜の着火装置
２１が装備されており、焼却炉２外に設けられた
図示しない作動スイツチのON、OFF動作により
廃タイヤ３に着火させるようにされている。更
に、炉枠７の上部所定位置には、該炉枠７を貫通
してガス排出口１８が設けられており、焼却炉２
内外が連通されている。 The bottom of the incinerator 2 is equipped with an appropriate electric ignition device 21, and the waste tires 3 are ignited by turning on and off an operating switch (not shown) provided outside the incinerator 2. There is. Further, a gas discharge port 18 is provided at a predetermined position in the upper part of the furnace frame 7, passing through the furnace frame 7, and the gas discharge port 18 is provided at a predetermined position in the upper part of the furnace frame 7.
The inside and outside are connected.
一方、バーナ２３は焼却炉２から送給される可
燃性ガス２２を燃焼させるために設けられてお
り、燃焼室２６と着火装置３１とからなる。 On the other hand, the burner 23 is provided to combust the combustible gas 22 fed from the incinerator 2, and includes a combustion chamber 26 and an ignition device 31.
排出口１８は管２５を介してガス吸入口２４に
接続されており、ガス吸入口２４は燃焼室２６に
開口している。燃焼室２６には空気供給口３２，
３３，３４が列設されており、それぞれの空気供
給口３２，３３，３４は空気供給バルブ３２′，
３３′，３４′を介して空気供給装置３０に接続さ
れている。そして、焼却炉２より送給される可燃
性ガス２２は、燃焼室２６内で着火装置３１によ
り着火され、空気供給口３２，３３，３４から送
給される空気により充分な燃焼が行われるように
されている。 The outlet 18 is connected via a pipe 25 to a gas inlet 24 , which opens into a combustion chamber 26 . The combustion chamber 26 has an air supply port 32,
33, 34 are arranged in a row, and each air supply port 32, 33, 34 is connected to an air supply valve 32',
It is connected to the air supply device 30 via 33' and 34'. The combustible gas 22 fed from the incinerator 2 is ignited by the ignition device 31 in the combustion chamber 26, and sufficient combustion is carried out by the air fed from the air supply ports 32, 33, and 34. is being used.
バーナ２３の出力部となる燃焼室２６の開口端
には、例えば、1000℃近傍の温度で作動するよう
に設定された温度センサ３５が設けられている。
温度センサ３５からの信号は、焼却炉２に空気を
送給する空気供給バルブ３８を制御する空気供給
量制御装置３５及び、燃焼室２６に空気を送給
する空気供給バルブ３２′，３４′を制御する空気
供給量制御装置３５′，３５″にそれぞれ送られる
ようになつている。空気供給量制御装置３５，
３５′，３５″は温度センサ３５からの信号に従つ
て、空気供給バルブ３８，３２′，３４′を開弁ま
たは閉弁して、焼却炉２またはバーナ２３に対し
て送給される空気を増減するようになつている。 A temperature sensor 35 is provided at the open end of the combustion chamber 26, which serves as the output portion of the burner 23, and is set to operate at a temperature around 1000° C., for example.
The signal from the temperature sensor 35 controls the air supply amount control device 35 that controls the air supply valve 38 that supplies air to the incinerator 2, and the air supply valves 32' and 34' that supplies air to the combustion chamber 26. The air supply amount control devices 35' and 35'' are sent to the air supply amount control devices 35' and 35'', respectively.
35', 35'' open or close air supply valves 38, 32', 34' according to the signal from the temperature sensor 35 to supply air to the incinerator 2 or burner 23. It is starting to increase and decrease.
前述の焼却炉２の構成において、底板６は炉枠
７に一体的に形成された錐体状の皿体であり、中
央が凹状に形成されている。そして、第２図に示
す様に、底板６の凹部には小孔４′が所定数複数
穿設され、該小孔４′には各々にビス状のプラグ
８が嵌着されている。該プラグ８が炉内に半球状
の先頭部が露呈され、尾部のターミナルにかけて
同心的に酸素導通孔が通設され、該ターミナルは
炉外に導かれて所定の管に接続されバルブ９及び
空気供給バルブ３８を介して空気供給装置１０に
接続されている。 In the configuration of the incinerator 2 described above, the bottom plate 6 is a conical plate integrally formed with the furnace frame 7, and has a concave shape at the center. As shown in FIG. 2, a predetermined number of small holes 4' are formed in the concave portion of the bottom plate 6, and a screw-shaped plug 8 is fitted into each of the small holes 4'. The plug 8 has a hemispherical leading end exposed inside the furnace, and an oxygen passage hole is concentrically provided to the tail terminal, and the terminal is guided outside the furnace and connected to a predetermined pipe to connect the valve 9 and air. It is connected to the air supply device 10 via a supply valve 38.
底板６の斜環面には別の小孔４″，４″が所定複
数穿設されており、上記小孔４′同様に小孔４″に
上記プラグ８と実質的に同じプラグ８′が嵌着さ
れて、空気供給バルブ９′を介して空気供給装置
１０に接続されている。空気供給バルブ９′の開
閉は、炉枠７の上部の所定位置に焼却炉２内へセ
ンサ端子を臨ませられて装着された温度センサ２
０から送られる信号に基づいて、制御装置２０′
により制御されるようになつている。 A predetermined plurality of other small holes 4'', 4'' are bored in the oblique surface of the bottom plate 6, and a plug 8', which is substantially the same as the plug 8, is provided in the small hole 4'', similar to the small hole 4'. The sensor terminal is fitted into the incinerator 2 and connected to the air supply device 10 via the air supply valve 9'. Temperature sensor 2 installed with
Based on the signal sent from 0, the control device 20'
It has come to be controlled by
尚、本実施例では、バルブ９、空気供給バルブ
３８、空気供給量制御装置３５、空気供給バル
ブ９′、制御装置２０′及び空気供給装置１０によ
り焼却炉２に対して空気を供給する空気供給部５
が構成されている。 In this embodiment, air is supplied to the incinerator 2 by the valve 9, the air supply valve 38, the air supply amount control device 35, the air supply valve 9', the control device 20', and the air supply device 10. Part 5
is configured.
底板６には、更に、図面の都合上省略されては
いるが、燃焼後の灰化物或は不燃物の掃出し口が
連設されたハツチが着脱自在に嵌装されて、通常
は図示しないレバーで抜止めされてパツキンを介
して気密裡に底板６に一体化されている。 Although omitted for convenience of drawing, the bottom plate 6 is further removably fitted with a hatch connected with an outlet for sweeping out ash or incombustible materials after combustion, and a lever (not normally shown) is fitted in the bottom plate 6. It is prevented from coming off and is airtightly integrated into the bottom plate 6 via a gasket.
炉枠７は、二重壁構造の中空部を過熱防止のウ
オータジヤケツトとして用いられて一種の水冷式
にされてオーバーヒートによるトラブル防止と温
水利用を図ることが出来るようにされており、炉
枠７下部に開口した継手に水タンク１３が継合さ
れ、又、蓋体１２により郭成された中空部に継手
を介して気水分離器１４が設置されて、分離され
た蒸気が水タンク１３に復帰されるようになつて
いる。 The furnace frame 7 has a hollow part with a double wall structure that is used as a water jacket to prevent overheating, making it a kind of water-cooled system that prevents troubles caused by overheating and makes it possible to use hot water. A water tank 13 is connected to the joint opened at the bottom of 7, and a steam/water separator 14 is installed in the hollow defined by the lid 12 via the joint, and the separated steam is transferred to the water tank 13. It is starting to be restored.
尚、ジヤケツト内への冷却用水の補充について
は、リミツトスイツチ１５が設けられて軟水タン
ク１６よりバルブ１７の開閉制御が行われるよう
にされている。 Regarding the replenishment of cooling water into the jacket, a limit switch 15 is provided to control the opening and closing of a valve 17 from a soft water tank 16.
該ガス排出口１８には、電磁式の適宜の開閉弁
１９が介設されており、外部よりON、OFF制御
が自在の制御器が設置されてその信号によつて開
閉制御されるようになつている。 A suitable electromagnetic on-off valve 19 is interposed in the gas discharge port 18, and a controller that can freely control ON/OFF from the outside is installed, and the opening/closing is controlled by the signal from the controller. ing.
一方、前述のバーナ２３の構成において、ガス
吸入口２４は図示しない適宜冷却用ジヤケツトを
介装され、断熱材で筒体に形成された燃焼部に貫
通して設けられ、前述のように燃焼室２６に開口
されている。 On the other hand, in the configuration of the burner 23 described above, the gas inlet 24 is provided with an appropriate cooling jacket (not shown) interposed therein, and is provided so as to penetrate through the combustion part formed in the cylindrical body using a heat insulating material. It is opened at 26.
また、燃焼室２６の前端にはシヤツタ２７が設
けられ、該シヤツタ２７に後位して着火装置３１
が設置されている。燃焼室２６に臨まされて設け
た温度センサ２８に連係された制御装置２８′は
燃料タンク２９の燃料供給バルブ２９′の開閉制
御を行うようにされ、空気供給装置３０に着火装
置３１が接続されて所定の点火が行われるように
されている。 Further, a shutter 27 is provided at the front end of the combustion chamber 26, and an ignition device 31 is located behind the shutter 27.
is installed. A control device 28' linked to a temperature sensor 28 provided facing the combustion chamber 26 controls opening and closing of a fuel supply valve 29' of a fuel tank 29, and an ignition device 31 is connected to an air supply device 30. A predetermined ignition is performed by
上述構成において、被燃焼物としての廃棄物の
廃タイヤ３の焼却処分の過程にあつて可燃性ガス
２２を生成させ、該ガス２２をバーナ２３に送給
して燃焼させることによつてバーナ２３でクリー
ンな燃焼が行われ、高熱量が有効に得られる。 In the above-mentioned configuration, in the process of incinerating the waste tire 3 as a waste material to be combusted, the combustible gas 22 is generated and the gas 22 is fed to the burner 23 and burned. Clean combustion occurs and a high amount of heat is effectively obtained.
即ち、投入扉１１が開放され、焼却炉２の炉内
に廃タイヤ３が投入されると、該扉１１の閉塞に
よつて焼却炉２内は気密にされて焼却の準備がな
される。 That is, when the input door 11 is opened and the waste tire 3 is loaded into the incinerator 2, the inside of the incinerator 2 is made airtight by closing the door 11 and preparations for incineration are made.
そして、着火装置２１の図示しない作動スイツ
チをON状態にさせることによつて廃タイヤ３が
着火されて焼却炉２内での燃焼が開始される。 Then, by turning on an operating switch (not shown) of the ignition device 21, the waste tire 3 is ignited and combustion within the incinerator 2 is started.
このときには、焼却炉２内への空気の供給は、
炉内温度を設定温度以下に監視する温度センサ２
０及びバーナ２３に設置された温度センサ３５の
検知作動領域外となつているので、空気供給バル
ブ３８及び９′により空気供給は遮断されており、
炉内空気のみによつて乾溜が促進される。 At this time, the supply of air into the incinerator 2 is as follows:
Temperature sensor 2 that monitors the furnace temperature below the set temperature
0 and the burner 23, the air supply is cut off by the air supply valves 38 and 9'.
Dry distillation is promoted solely by the air inside the furnace.
着火装置２１の燃焼により廃タイヤ３がその発
火点に達し廃タイヤ３の一部の燃焼が始まると、
着火装置２１は停止される。廃タイヤ３に着火し
た後は、廃タイヤ３の自家燃焼により、炉内温度
は、第３図に示すように、例えば燃焼開始温度は
約80℃に設定されるが、以降は時間の経過につれ
て廃タイヤ３の乾溜燃焼が進むので、炉内温度は
上昇の傾向に進む。 When the waste tire 3 reaches its ignition point due to the combustion of the ignition device 21, a part of the waste tire 3 starts to burn.
Ignition device 21 is stopped. After the waste tire 3 is ignited, the internal combustion temperature of the waste tire 3 is set at about 80°C, for example, as shown in Fig. 3, but as time passes, the temperature inside the furnace decreases. As the dry distillation combustion of the waste tires 3 progresses, the temperature inside the furnace tends to rise.
前述のように、密閉された焼却炉２内では空気
の供給は遮断されていて完全燃焼に至るには酸素
量が不十分であるために、廃タイヤ３はその一部
が燃焼し、残部は徐々に熱分解して乾溜が進み、
可燃性のガス２２を生成する。生成した可燃性ガ
ス２２は焼却炉２内の上部に貯留される。 As mentioned above, the air supply is cut off in the sealed incinerator 2 and the amount of oxygen is insufficient for complete combustion, so part of the waste tire 3 burns and the rest burns. Gradual thermal decomposition and dry distillation progress,
A flammable gas 22 is produced. The generated combustible gas 22 is stored in the upper part of the incinerator 2.
そして、焼却炉２内に投入された多数の廃タイ
ヤ３の部分的な範囲で始まる熱分解は、該燃焼炉
２内で燃焼が進む過程で自然に広範囲に拡がり、
更に乾溜が進んで多量の可燃性ガス２２が生成さ
れる。 The thermal decomposition that starts in a local area of the large number of waste tires 3 put into the incinerator 2 naturally spreads over a wide range as the combustion progresses in the incinerator 2.
The dry distillation further progresses and a large amount of combustible gas 22 is generated.
すると、排出口１８の開閉弁１９が開弁され、
焼却炉２内で生成した可燃性ガス２２は管２５を
通つて流出し、バーナ２３の吸入口２４へ流入す
る。そして、該バーナ２３の着火装置３１により
可燃性ガス２２が点火され、可燃性ガス２２が空
気供給装置３０により燃焼に充分な空気が供給さ
れて燃焼室２６内で燃焼する。 Then, the on-off valve 19 of the discharge port 18 is opened,
The combustible gas 22 produced in the incinerator 2 flows out through the pipe 25 and flows into the inlet 24 of the burner 23 . Then, the ignition device 31 of the burner 23 ignites the combustible gas 22, and the combustible gas 22 is combusted in the combustion chamber 26 by being supplied with sufficient air for combustion by the air supply device 30.
バーナ２３の稼働が始まると、バーナ２３の出
力部に設けられた温度センサ３５により、可燃性
ガス２２が燃焼したときの温度が検出され、その
検出信号が焼却炉２の空気供給口４′に接続され
る空気供給バルブ３８の空気供給量制御装置３５
に送られ、空気供給量制御装置３５が空気供
給バルブ３８を開弁または、閉弁し、焼却炉２内
に送給される空気量を増減することにより可燃性
ガス２２の生成状態を制御する。 When the burner 23 starts operating, the temperature sensor 35 provided at the output part of the burner 23 detects the temperature at which the combustible gas 22 burns, and the detection signal is sent to the air supply port 4' of the incinerator 2. Air supply amount control device 35 for connected air supply valve 38
The air supply amount control device 35 opens or closes the air supply valve 38 and controls the generation state of the combustible gas 22 by increasing or decreasing the amount of air fed into the incinerator 2. .
例えば、温度センサ３５の検知温度が設定温度
を超過して高い場合には、温度センサ３５の信号
が空気供給制御装置３５に送られ空気供給バル
ブ３８が閉弁される。従つて、焼却炉２内では空
気の供給が制御されて、廃タイヤ３の一部の燃焼
による炉内温度の過度の上昇が防がれ、NOX等
の発生を抑制しつつ可燃性ガス２２の生成状態が
適正な範囲に保たれる。 For example, if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 35 is higher than the set temperature, a signal from the temperature sensor 35 is sent to the air supply control device 35 and the air supply valve 38 is closed. Therefore, the supply of air inside the incinerator 2 is controlled, preventing an excessive rise in the temperature inside the furnace due to the combustion of a part of the waste tires 3, and suppressing the generation of NOx etc. while suppressing the combustible gas 22. The generation state of is maintained within an appropriate range.
一方、温度センサ３５からの信号は空気供給制
御装置３５に送られるものとは別に燃焼室２６
の空気供給口３２，３４に接続される空気供給バ
ルブ３６，３７の空気供給量制御装置３５′，３
５″にも送られ、空気供給量制御装置３５′，３
５″が空気供給バルブ３６，３７を開弁または、
閉弁し、燃焼室２６に送給される空気量を増減す
ることにより、燃焼室２６内における可燃性ガス
２２が充分に燃焼される。 On the other hand, the signal from the temperature sensor 35 is sent to the combustion chamber 26 separately from the signal sent to the air supply control device 35.
Air supply amount control devices 35', 3 for air supply valves 36, 37 connected to air supply ports 32, 34 of
5'', and the air supply amount control device 35', 3
5'' opens the air supply valves 36 and 37, or
By closing the valve and increasing or decreasing the amount of air fed to the combustion chamber 26, the combustible gas 22 within the combustion chamber 26 is sufficiently combusted.
このようにして、焼却炉２及び燃焼室２６に対
して継続的な空気供給量制御がなされることによ
り、焼却炉２における廃タイヤ３の燃焼乾溜と燃
焼室２６における可燃性ガス２２の燃焼が互いに
連係して安定に進行する。このとき焼却炉２内で
は、第４図に示す様に、最上部に可燃性ガス２２
が出現し、順次下層に伝熱層３ｄ、流動化層３
ｃ、赤熱層３ｂとなる反応層が形成され、最下部
にはタール分の降下により灰化層とて灰分３ａが
堆積し、乾溜による可燃性ガス２２の発生が促さ
れる。 In this way, by continuously controlling the amount of air supplied to the incinerator 2 and the combustion chamber 26, the combustion dry distillation of the waste tires 3 in the incinerator 2 and the combustion of the combustible gas 22 in the combustion chamber 26 are carried out. They cooperate with each other and progress stably. At this time, inside the incinerator 2, as shown in FIG.
appears, followed by a heat transfer layer 3d and a fluidized layer 3 below.
c. A reaction layer that becomes a red-hot layer 3b is formed, and ash 3a is deposited at the bottom as an ash layer due to the fall of tar, and the generation of flammable gas 22 by dry distillation is promoted.
そして、更に第３図に示す様に、焼却炉２内の
燃焼乾溜が前記のように適切に進行すると、炉内
温度も上昇が緩勾配となつて廃タイヤ３を適切に
分解させ、ガス化の終了時期で260〜280℃とな
る。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, when the combustion dry distillation in the incinerator 2 progresses appropriately as described above, the temperature in the furnace also rises at a gentle slope, allowing the waste tires 3 to be appropriately decomposed and gasified. The temperature will be 260-280℃ at the end of the period.
第４図に示す赤熱層３ｂは乾溜燃焼の進行に伴
つて次第に下層から上層に移動し、ついには伝熱
層３ｄ及び、流動化層３ｃが失われ、赤熱層３ｂ
が最上層となつてガス化（乾溜）が終了する。 As the dry distillation combustion progresses, the red-hot layer 3b shown in FIG.
becomes the top layer and gasification (dry distillation) ends.
ガス化終了時期には、廃タイヤ３の灰化が進行
して乾溜される部分が急激に減少し、可燃性ガス
２２の発生も次第に少なくなつてバーナ２３の燃
焼温度も低下する一方、焼却炉２内では、乾溜部
分によつて吸収される熱が減少するため、第３図
示のように、焼却炉２内の温度は一旦急上昇した
のち、灰化の進行に伴つて下降する。このとき、
焼却炉２内に設けられ炉内温度を設定温度以下に
監視する温度センサ２０が発動し、その信号は制
御装置２０′を介して空気供給口４″に接続された
空気供給バルブ９′に送られて開弁動作が行われ
る。そして、この空気供給制御の下で廃タイヤ３
の燃焼は灰化に移行し、併せてバーナ２３におい
て可燃性ガス２２が燃焼する温度が低下し所定に
廃タイヤ３による乾溜ガス化が終了する。 At the end of gasification, the ashing of the waste tires 3 progresses and the dry distilled portion rapidly decreases, the generation of flammable gas 22 gradually decreases, and the combustion temperature of the burner 23 decreases, while the incinerator In the incinerator 2, the heat absorbed by the dry distillation portion decreases, so as shown in the third diagram, the temperature in the incinerator 2 once rises rapidly and then decreases as ashing progresses. At this time,
A temperature sensor 20 installed in the incinerator 2 to monitor the temperature within the furnace below a set temperature is activated, and its signal is sent to the air supply valve 9' connected to the air supply port 4'' via the control device 20'. Then, under this air supply control, the waste tire 3
The combustion of the waste tire 3 shifts to ashing, and at the same time, the temperature at which the combustible gas 22 is burned in the burner 23 decreases, and the dry distillation gasification by the waste tire 3 is completed at a predetermined time.
又、上述の乾溜の過程において、底板６に設け
られた空気供給口４及び空気供給口４″，４″はビ
ス状のプラグ８，８′を介して空気の供給通路と
される。このプラグ８，８′の先頭部が丸頭状と
なつており、底板６の面上に膨出形成されている
ので、廃タイヤ３の灰化により焼却炉２の炉底に
堆積するタール分や灰分がプラグ８，８′の丸頭
状と先頭部を流下して流動するので、ノズルの空
気通路の閉塞が防がれ、乾溜ガス化装置の空気供
給機能が支障なく維持される。 Further, in the above-mentioned dry distillation process, the air supply port 4 and the air supply ports 4'', 4'' provided in the bottom plate 6 are used as air supply passages via screw-shaped plugs 8, 8'. The leading ends of the plugs 8, 8' are rounded and bulge on the surface of the bottom plate 6, so that the tar deposited on the bottom of the incinerator 2 due to the ashing of the waste tires 3 is removed. Since the ash and ash flow down the round heads and leading ends of the plugs 8, 8', the air passages of the nozzles are prevented from being blocked, and the air supply function of the dry distillation gasifier is maintained without any hindrance.
そして、乾溜燃焼による所定の焼却処理が終了
すると、底板６に設けられた図示しない掃出し口
を介して所定に灰分や不燃物の掻き出しが行われ
る。 When a predetermined incineration process by dry distillation combustion is completed, ash and incombustible materials are scraped out in a predetermined manner through a cleaning port (not shown) provided in the bottom plate 6.
＜他の実施例＞
更に、本発明の実施態様は上述基本的実施例の
他、第５図に示す様に蒸気回収利用としてボイラ
４０を組込んで用いることが可能である。焼却炉
２′で生成される可燃性ガス２２をボイラ４０の
燃焼室４１に送給するようにし、ボイラ４０の熱
交換部の最も熱交換の著しい管路部４２に臨ませ
て温度センサ４３を設置する。<Other Embodiments> Furthermore, in addition to the basic embodiments described above, embodiments of the present invention can be used by incorporating a boiler 40 for steam recovery as shown in FIG. The combustible gas 22 generated in the incinerator 2' is fed to the combustion chamber 41 of the boiler 40, and the temperature sensor 43 is placed facing the pipe section 42 where heat exchange is most significant in the heat exchange section of the boiler 40. Install.
尚、燃焼後の排ガスは必要に応じてサイクロン
４４を経てダストは分離され煤煙基準をクリヤし
て所定の大気へ放出される。 Incidentally, the exhaust gas after combustion passes through a cyclone 44 as necessary to separate dust, clear soot standards, and be released into a predetermined atmosphere.
また、第６図に示す実施例は焼却炉２のコーン
状底部に開閉ダンパ３９をピンにより枢設して灰
分を一度に排出し、焼却炉２内での空気の上昇、
タール分のスムースな降下を図るようにした態様
である。 In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an opening/closing damper 39 is mounted on the cone-shaped bottom of the incinerator 2 with a pin to discharge the ash at once, and the air rises within the incinerator 2.
This is an embodiment designed to allow tar to fall smoothly.
尚、本発明の実施態様は上述各実施例に限るも
のでないことは勿論であり、例えば、焼却炉をバ
ーナに対して複数基連設し、焼却炉の気密性を利
用して、廃タイヤ等の被燃焼物の熱分解を進行さ
せ、予め稼働中の焼却炉に併行させて他の焼却炉
では廃棄物の熱分解を高めるプロセスを付加して
ガス化を行う等の平滑フロータイプの態様等の採
択が可能である。 It goes without saying that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, a plurality of incinerators may be connected to the burner, and waste tires, etc. Smooth flow type mode, etc., in which the thermal decomposition of the waste to be combusted is advanced, and the waste is gasified by adding a process to increase the thermal decomposition of the waste in another incinerator, which is carried out in parallel with the incinerator that is already in operation. It is possible to adopt.
更に、廃棄物の対象は廃タイヤに限られること
はなく、そして、ICプリント基盤等の多数発生
する廃棄物についても適用可能であり、その他工
場廃棄物や都市等での厨芥等の一般廃棄物等にも
適用可能である。更に、灰分中に含まれるレアメ
タル等の有価物の回収再利用にも適合し、又、タ
イヤに装填されるスチールワイヤ等の不燃物の分
離にも好適である。 Furthermore, the target of waste is not limited to scrap tires, and can also be applied to waste that is generated in large quantities such as IC printed circuit boards, as well as other general waste such as factory waste and kitchen waste in cities etc. It is also applicable to Furthermore, it is suitable for recovering and reusing valuable materials such as rare metals contained in ash, and is also suitable for separating incombustible materials such as steel wires loaded into tires.
加えて、本発明では廃棄物は上述した後半の実
施例の如く熱源利用され、廃棄物が燃焼炉の稼働
にフル利用することが可能であり、装置の大小サ
イズ、単基、複数基併設の運転等は単なる設計変
更の範囲であつて、本発明の精神に含まれること
は勿論である。 In addition, in the present invention, the waste is used as a heat source as in the latter embodiment described above, and the waste can be fully used for the operation of the combustion furnace, and it is possible to make use of the waste, whether it is large or small, and whether it is a single unit or multiple units. It goes without saying that the operation etc. are within the scope of mere design changes and are included in the spirit of the present invention.
＜発明の効果＞
本発明によれば、焼却炉に投入された廃棄物の
一部を燃焼させ、その燃焼熱により前記廃棄物を
乾溜して可燃性ガスを生成させるに際し、前記可
燃性ガス焼却炉外で燃焼させ、そのとき燃焼温度
を検出して、間接的に前記焼却炉内で可燃性ガス
の生成状態を検知することにより焼却炉内に供給
される酸素の量を制御、調整するので、廃棄物の
一部の燃焼を安定して継続させることが出来、前
記廃棄物の乾溜及び可燃性ガスの生成を安定して
効率良く行うことが出来る。<Effects of the Invention> According to the present invention, when a part of the waste put into an incinerator is burned and the waste is dry distilled using the combustion heat to generate flammable gas, the combustible gas incineration The amount of oxygen supplied to the incinerator is controlled and adjusted by burning it outside the incinerator, detecting the combustion temperature at that time, and indirectly detecting the state of combustible gas production in the incinerator. The combustion of a part of the waste can be stably continued, and the dry distillation of the waste and the production of flammable gas can be performed stably and efficiently.
本発明によれば、煤煙等の原因となる無機物は
焼却炉内に留められ、前記可燃性ガスのみが焼却
炉外に導かれて燃焼されるので、煤煙等の公害を
発生することがなく、また、焼却炉内での燃焼を
適切に制御できるので、廃棄物の燃焼温度を適切
に制御することにより、NOX等の発生を抑制す
ることにより大気汚染を防止することが出来る。 According to the present invention, inorganic substances that cause soot and smoke are retained in the incinerator, and only the flammable gas is led outside the incinerator and burned, so that pollution such as soot and smoke is not generated. Furthermore, since the combustion in the incinerator can be appropriately controlled, by appropriately controlling the combustion temperature of waste, it is possible to prevent air pollution by suppressing the generation of NOx , etc.
また、同時に前記可燃性ガスの燃焼による熱量
をエネルギーとして再利用することが出来る。 Moreover, at the same time, the amount of heat generated by combustion of the flammable gas can be reused as energy.
また、本発明によれば、廃棄物の乾溜により生
成された可燃性ガスを燃焼させた時の燃焼温度に
応じて、該可燃性ガスの生成を制御するので、廃
棄物の種類や可燃性ガスの組成成分等によらず
に、トータル的に該可燃性ガスの生成を安定して
制御することができる。そして、このような制御
を可燃性ガスの燃料温度を検出するだけで行うこ
とができるので、その制御構成を極めて簡略なも
のとすることができる。さらに、可燃性ガスに
は、各種センサ等の機能を損なうタール分が含ま
れる場合が多いが、本発明において重要な役割を
担う温度検出手段は、該可燃性ガスを燃焼させた
ときの温度を検出するものであるので、該温度検
出手段に可燃性ガスに含まれるタール分が付着し
て温度検出が阻害されてしまうような不都合を回
避することができる。 Furthermore, according to the present invention, the generation of flammable gas is controlled depending on the combustion temperature when the flammable gas generated by dry distillation of waste is combusted. The generation of the combustible gas can be stably controlled in total, regardless of the composition components, etc. Since such control can be performed simply by detecting the fuel temperature of the combustible gas, the control configuration can be made extremely simple. Furthermore, flammable gas often contains tar that impairs the functions of various sensors, etc., but the temperature detection means that plays an important role in the present invention measures the temperature when the flammable gas is combusted. Therefore, it is possible to avoid problems such as tar contained in the combustible gas adhering to the temperature detecting means and inhibiting temperature detection.
図面は、本発明の実施例の説明図であり、第１
図は１実施例における乾溜ガス化装置の模式フロ
ー図、第２図は同焼却炉の空気供給口周辺の部分
断面図、第３図は燃焼プロセスにおける炉内温度
及び、バーナの燃焼温度変位グラフ図、第４図は
焼却炉内部の燃焼態様図であり、第５図は他の実
施例における蒸気回収利用装置の模式フロー図で
あり、第６図は別の実施例の開閉ダンパ付の炉体
の断面図である。
１……乾溜ガス化装置、２……焼却炉、３……
廃棄物（廃タイヤ）、４，４′，４″……焼却炉酸
素供給口、８，８′……プラグ、１０……焼却炉
酸素供給装置、１１……廃棄物投入口、１８……
ガス排出口、２１……着火装置、２２……可燃性
ガス、２３……バーナ、２６……燃焼室、３０…
…燃焼室酸素供給装置、３１……着火装置、３
２，３３，３４……燃焼室酸素供給口、３５……
温度センサ、３５′，３５″……燃焼室酸素供給量
制御装置、３５……焼却炉酸素供給量制御装
置、３６，３７……燃焼室酸素供給弁、３８……
焼却炉酸素供給弁。
The drawings are explanatory diagrams of embodiments of the present invention, and the first
The figure is a schematic flow diagram of the dry distillation gasifier in the first embodiment, Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the incinerator around the air supply port, and Figure 3 is a graph of the temperature inside the furnace during the combustion process and the combustion temperature variation of the burner. Fig. 4 is a diagram of the combustion mode inside the incinerator, Fig. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a steam recovery utilization device in another embodiment, and Fig. 6 is a furnace with an opening/closing damper in another embodiment. It is a sectional view of the body. 1... Dry distillation gasifier, 2... Incinerator, 3...
Waste (waste tires), 4, 4', 4''...Incinerator oxygen supply port, 8, 8'...Plug, 10...Incinerator oxygen supply device, 11...Waste input port, 18...
Gas discharge port, 21... Ignition device, 22... Flammable gas, 23... Burner, 26... Combustion chamber, 30...
... Combustion chamber oxygen supply device, 31 ... Ignition device, 3
2, 33, 34... Combustion chamber oxygen supply port, 35...
Temperature sensor, 35', 35''... Combustion chamber oxygen supply amount control device, 35... Incinerator oxygen supply amount control device, 36, 37... Combustion chamber oxygen supply valve, 38...
Incinerator oxygen supply valve.
Claims (1)
焼却炉内に投入し、該廃棄物に着火して、該焼却
炉内の酸素を該廃棄物が完全燃焼に至らない量に
抑制しつつ該廃棄物の一部を自家燃焼させ、その
燃焼熱により該廃棄物に含まれる有機物を乾溜
し、該乾溜により可燃性ガスを生成する方法にお
いて、 該可燃性ガスを焼却炉外に導いて燃焼させたと
きの温度の変化に連係させて該焼却炉内に酸素を
供給するようにすると共に、該可燃性ガスの燃焼
温度が所定温度以上の時には該焼却炉への酸素の
供給量を減少させ、所定温度以下の時には酸素の
供給量を増大させ、可燃性ガスの生成状態を制御
することを特徴とする廃棄物の乾溜ガス化方法。 ２ 前記可燃性ガスを前記焼却炉外に導いて燃焼
させる際に、該可燃性ガスを燃焼させたときの温
度の変化に連係させて該可燃性ガスに供給する酸
素の量を増減して可燃性ガスの燃焼状態を制御す
ることを特徴とする請求項１記載の廃棄物の乾溜
ガス化方法。 ３ 内部が外気から実質的に遮断された焼却炉内
に投入された廃棄物の一部を自家燃焼させなが残
部を乾溜して可燃性ガスを生成する装置であつ
て、 該焼却炉に開閉自在の廃棄物投入口及び焼却物
排出口を設け、該焼却炉内に投入された廃棄物に
着火する着火装置を設け、該焼却炉に接続して焼
却炉外に該可燃性ガスを燃焼させるバーナを設
け、該バーナに可燃性ガスの燃焼温度を検出する
温度センサを設け、該焼却炉内の底部へ酸素を供
給する焼却炉酸素供給装置を設け、該温度センサ
の検出温度が所定温度以上の時には酸素の供給量
を減少させ、所定温度以下の時には酸素の供給量
を増大させるように、該焼却炉酸素供給装置から
該焼却炉内に供給する酸素の量を制御する焼却炉
酸素供給量制御装置を設けたことを特徴とする廃
棄物の乾溜ガス化装置。 ４ 前記バーナは可燃性ガスが導通される燃焼室
と着火装置とからなり、該燃焼室に接続して可燃
性ガスを燃焼させる酸素を供給する燃焼室酸素供
給装置を設け、前記温度センサにて検出された可
燃性ガスの燃焼温度に連係して該燃焼室酸素供給
装置から該燃焼室内に供給される酸素の量を制御
する燃焼室酸素供給量制御装置を設けたことを特
徴とする請求項３記載の廃棄物の乾溜ガス化装
置。 ５ 上記焼却炉酸素供給装置から前記焼却炉へ酸
素を供給する供給口は、前記焼却炉の下部に設け
られると共に焼却炉内に先頭部が臨む複数のプラ
グを介して炉内に開口し、該プラグの先頭部が凸
状に***形成されていることを特徴とする請求項
３記載の廃棄物の乾溜ガス化装置。[Claims] 1. Waste is placed in an incinerator whose interior is substantially shielded from outside air, and the waste is ignited to absorb oxygen in the incinerator until the waste reaches complete combustion. A method in which a part of the waste is self-combusted while controlling the amount to a minimum amount, the organic matter contained in the waste is dry distilled using the combustion heat, and a flammable gas is generated by the dry distillation, the flammable gas being incinerated. Oxygen is supplied into the incinerator in conjunction with the change in temperature when the combustible gas is led out of the furnace and burned, and when the combustion temperature of the combustible gas is higher than a predetermined temperature, oxygen is supplied to the incinerator. 1. A method for dry distillation gasification of waste, characterized in that the amount of oxygen supplied is decreased, and the amount of oxygen supplied is increased when the temperature is below a predetermined temperature, thereby controlling the generation state of flammable gas. 2. When the combustible gas is led outside the incinerator and combusted, the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustible gas is increased or decreased in conjunction with the change in temperature when the combustible gas is combusted. The dry distillation gasification method of waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion state of the gas is controlled. 3. A device that generates flammable gas by internally burning part of the waste placed in an incinerator whose interior is substantially shut off from the outside air, and dry distilling the remainder, which is opened and closed to the incinerator. A flexible waste inlet and incineration outlet are provided, an ignition device is provided to ignite the waste thrown into the incinerator, and the combustible gas is burned outside the incinerator by being connected to the incinerator. A burner is provided, a temperature sensor is provided on the burner to detect the combustion temperature of combustible gas, and an incinerator oxygen supply device is provided that supplies oxygen to the bottom of the incinerator, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. an incinerator oxygen supply amount that controls the amount of oxygen supplied from the incinerator oxygen supply device into the incinerator so that the amount of oxygen supplied is decreased when the temperature is below a predetermined temperature, and the amount of oxygen supplied is increased when the temperature is below a predetermined temperature; A dry distillation gasification device for waste, characterized in that it is equipped with a control device. 4. The burner consists of a combustion chamber through which combustible gas is passed and an ignition device, and a combustion chamber oxygen supply device is connected to the combustion chamber and supplies oxygen to burn the combustible gas, and the temperature sensor A claim characterized in that a combustion chamber oxygen supply amount control device is provided that controls the amount of oxygen supplied into the combustion chamber from the combustion chamber oxygen supply device in conjunction with the detected combustion temperature of the combustible gas. 3. The waste dry distillation gasification apparatus according to 3. 5. A supply port for supplying oxygen from the incinerator oxygen supply device to the incinerator is provided at the bottom of the incinerator and opens into the incinerator through a plurality of plugs whose front end faces into the incinerator. 4. The waste dry distillation gasification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the leading end of the plug is formed in a convex shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28775488A JPH02135280A (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1988-11-16 | Dry distillation and gasification in incineration treatment and device therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28775488A JPH02135280A (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1988-11-16 | Dry distillation and gasification in incineration treatment and device therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02135280A JPH02135280A (en) | 1990-05-24 |
| JPH0546397B2 true JPH0546397B2 (en) | 1993-07-13 |
Family
ID=17721327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28775488A Granted JPH02135280A (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1988-11-16 | Dry distillation and gasification in incineration treatment and device therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02135280A (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0692590B2 (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1994-11-16 | 株式会社マルコシエンンジニアリング | Dry distillation gasification treatment method of polymer waste and dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus |
| US5213051A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-05-25 | Kinsei Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for incinerating waste material |
| JP2613345B2 (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1997-05-28 | 株式会社キンセイ産業 | Dry distillation gasification and incineration of waste |
| US5353719A (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1994-10-11 | Eshleman Roger D | Apparatus and method for controlled processing of materials |
| TW315403B (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1997-09-11 | Kinsei Sangyo Kk | |
| KR100563706B1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2006-03-28 | 가부시키가이샤 긴세이 산교 | Waste incineration disposal method |
| CN1219172C (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2005-09-14 | 株式会社金正产业 | Method for incineration disposal of waste |
| JP5963306B2 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2016-08-03 | 株式会社キンセイ産業 | Dry distillation gasifier |
| JP6318052B2 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2018-04-25 | 株式会社キンセイ産業 | Waste gasification incineration method of waste |
| WO2017130388A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | 株式会社キンセイ産業 | Dry distillation-gasification incineration method for waste |
| JP7208607B2 (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2023-01-19 | 株式会社環健スーパーテクノ | Incinerator |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5735750A (en) * | 1980-08-13 | 1982-02-26 | Nippon Bunkou Medical:Kk | Continuous measuring apparatus of chlorine ion |
-
1988
- 1988-11-16 JP JP28775488A patent/JPH02135280A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5735750A (en) * | 1980-08-13 | 1982-02-26 | Nippon Bunkou Medical:Kk | Continuous measuring apparatus of chlorine ion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02135280A (en) | 1990-05-24 |
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