JPH0533800A - Pump feed water tank device - Google Patents
Pump feed water tank deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0533800A JPH0533800A JP19165591A JP19165591A JPH0533800A JP H0533800 A JPH0533800 A JP H0533800A JP 19165591 A JP19165591 A JP 19165591A JP 19165591 A JP19165591 A JP 19165591A JP H0533800 A JPH0533800 A JP H0533800A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pump
- water absorption
- absorption tank
- water
- level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ポンプ吸水槽装置に係
り、特に、例えば、排水ポンプなどクローズピットと組
合わせて運転される立軸ポンプに適し、従来の運転水位
よりも低い水位でも運転が可能な、先行待機運転ポンプ
のポンプ吸水槽装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pump water absorption tank device, and more particularly to a vertical shaft pump that is operated in combination with a closed pit such as a drainage pump, and can be operated even at a water level lower than the conventional operating water level. The present invention relates to a possible pump water absorption tank device for a preceding standby operation pump.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】排水ポンプなど大容量のポンプの吸込水
槽としては、自由表面上が閉ざされるタイプの、いわゆ
るクローズ形の吸水槽（クローズピット）が採用される
場合が多い。クローズ形吸水槽としては、例えば、ポン
プ吸水路の水深が上流側で深くポンプ据付け側で浅くな
るように上面に傾斜部を有するものがある。この場合、
自由表面から水槽上面に沿ってポンプに吸込まれる空気
巻込み渦の発生することが知られており、その防止が課
題となっている。従来技術では、このような渦の発生
は、吸水槽の幅あるいは高さ等を変えることでしか制御
できず、ポンプ仕様と吸水槽の寸法が決まれば決まって
しまい、制御することは困難であった。2. Description of the Related Art As a suction water tank for a large capacity pump such as a drainage pump, a so-called closed type water tank (closed pit) of which the free surface is closed is often adopted. As the closed type water absorption tank, for example, there is one having an inclined portion on the upper surface so that the water depth of the pump water absorption path is deep on the upstream side and shallow on the pump installation side. in this case,
It is known that air entrainment vortices are drawn from the free surface along the upper surface of the water tank into the pump, and their prevention is an issue. In the prior art, the generation of such vortices can be controlled only by changing the width or height of the water absorption tank, and it will be determined if the pump specifications and the dimensions of the water absorption tank are determined, and it is difficult to control. It was
【０００３】また、このようなクローズ形の吸水槽に据
え付けた立軸ポンプにおいて、従来の最低水位レベル以
下で吸気させることで、先行待機運転を行う場合には、
その吸気方法、吸気開始水位の制御が問題となるもので
あった。Further, in the vertical pump installed in such a closed type water absorption tank, when the preceding standby operation is performed by inhaling air at a level below the conventional minimum water level,
The intake method and control of the intake start water level were problems.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来技術では、吸
水槽の寸法およびポンプの仕様が決まれば、空気巻込み
渦の発生水位は決まってしまうため、初期の計画を変更
した場合、吸水槽寸法を含めて再検討が必要となる。ま
た、初期の計画時においても、最低水位レベルをできる
だけ低い水位とする必要があるが、従来技術では、その
調整が困難であった。さらに、このようなクローズ形の
吸水槽に据え付けた立軸ポンプにおいて、従来の最低水
位レベル以下で吸気させることにより、先行待機運転を
行う場合については、その吸気方法、吸気を開始させる
水位の制御方法について規定されておらず、先行待機運
転方式の運用が困難であるという問題があった。In the above prior art, if the dimensions of the water absorption tank and the specifications of the pump are determined, the water level at which the air entrainment vortex is generated is determined. Therefore, when the initial plan is changed, the water absorption tank dimensions are changed. It will be necessary to re-examine including. Further, even at the time of initial planning, it is necessary to set the lowest water level to the lowest possible water level, but it was difficult to adjust it with the conventional technology. Furthermore, in a vertical pump installed in such a closed type water absorption tank, when performing the preparatory standby operation by inhaling at a level below the conventional minimum water level, the intake method, the method of controlling the water level to start intake However, there is a problem that it is difficult to operate the preceding standby operation method.
【０００５】本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決す
るためになされたもので、ポンプ吸水路を構成するクロ
ーズ形の吸水槽において、ポンプに吸い込まれる空気巻
込み渦の発生を制御し、より低い水位までポンプの運転
を可能とするポンプ吸水槽装置を提供することを、その
目的とするものである。また、本発明の他の目的は、ク
ローズ形の吸水槽に据え付けた立軸ポンプにおける、吸
気による先行待機運転を行う場合の吸気方法、吸気開始
水位の制御方法を提案し、立軸ポンプの先行待機運転を
可能とするポンプ吸水槽装置を提供することにある。The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and controls the generation of air entrainment vortices sucked by a pump in a closed type water absorption tank constituting a pump water absorption passage, It is an object of the present invention to provide a pump water absorption tank device that enables the pump to operate to a lower water level. Another object of the present invention is to propose an intake method and a control method of the intake start water level when performing a preparatory standby operation by intake in a vertical pump installed in a closed type water absorption tank, and a preparatory standby operation of the vertical pump is proposed. It is to provide a pump water absorption tank device that enables the above.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めに、本発明のポンプ吸水槽装置に係る第一の発明の構
成は、ポンプ吸水路の水深が上流側で深くポンプ据付け
側で浅くなるように上面に傾斜部を有するクローズ形の
吸水槽を構成するものにおいて、前記吸水槽の傾斜部に
段差部を設け、この段差部と大気とを連通させる通気管
を設けたものである。In order to achieve the above object, the structure of the first invention relating to the pump water absorption tank device of the present invention is such that the water depth of the pump water absorption passage is deep on the upstream side and shallow on the pump installation side. In such a closed water absorption tank having an inclined portion on the upper surface thereof, a stepped portion is provided on the inclined portion of the water absorption tank, and a ventilation pipe for communicating the stepped portion with the atmosphere is provided.
【０００７】また、上記の目的を達成するために、本発
明のポンプ吸水槽装置に係る第二の発明の構成は、前記
第一の発明の前提と同一前提において、前記吸水槽の傾
斜部に段差部を設け、この段差部と大気とを連通させる
通気管を設けるとともに、前記段差部の下端を、それ以
下の水位レベルでは自由表面から空気巻き込み渦を吸い
込んでしまう、ポンプと吸水槽に固有の水位レベルに位
置させ、当該段差部の下端より下位レベルに開口しポン
プの吸込側流路に連通する吸気管を設けたものである。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the structure of the second invention relating to the pump water absorption tank device of the present invention is the same as the premise of the first invention. Unique to pumps and water absorption tanks, where a stepped portion is provided and a ventilation pipe that connects this stepped portion with the atmosphere is provided, and the lower end of the stepped portion sucks air vortexes from the free surface at a water level below that level. An intake pipe is provided which is located at the water level and opens at a lower level from the lower end of the stepped portion and communicates with the suction side flow path of the pump.
【０００８】また、上記の目的を達成するために、本発
明のポンプ吸水槽装置に係る第三の発明の構成は、前記
第一の発明の前提と同一前提において、前記吸水槽の傾
斜部に段差部を設け、この段差部に空気を溜める凹部を
設け、この凹部と大気とを連通させる通気管を設けたも
のである。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the structure of the third invention relating to the pump water absorption tank device of the present invention is the same as the premise of the first invention. A step portion is provided, a concave portion for accumulating air is provided in the step portion, and a ventilation pipe for communicating the concave portion with the atmosphere is provided.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】クローズ形のポンプ吸水槽においては、自由表
面から吸水槽上面に沿って、ポンプに吸込まれる空気巻
き込み渦の発生を防止することが課題となるが、本発明
（第一，第三の発明）では、吸水槽上面の傾斜部に段差
を設け、この段差部または段差部の凹部と大気とを連通
させる通気管を設けたため、このような渦が発生して
も、この段差部でせき止められ、気水が分離し、通気管
を通じて空気が排出されることになり、大きな渦へと成
長できず、したがって、ポンプの運転が不可能となるよ
うな状態を回避することができる。In the closed type pump water absorption tank, the problem is to prevent the generation of the air entrainment vortex that is sucked into the pump from the free surface along the upper surface of the water absorption tank. In the invention), a step is provided on the inclined portion on the upper surface of the water absorption tank, and the ventilation pipe that connects the step portion or the concave portion of the step portion to the atmosphere is provided. Therefore, even if such a vortex occurs, the step portion It is possible to avoid a situation in which it is dammed up, the water and water separates and the air is expelled through the vent tube and cannot grow into large vortices, thus making the pump inoperable.
【００１０】また、本発明（第二の発明）では段差部の
下端を、それ以下の水位レベルでは自由表面から空気巻
込み渦を吸込んでしまう、ポンプと吸水槽に固有の水位
レベルに設け、段差部の下端より下位レベルに開口しポ
ンプの吸込側流路に連通する吸気を目的とした管（吸気
管）を設けたため、段差部の下端よりも水位が低下した
場合には、この吸気管から空気を吸込み、先行待機運転
が可能となる。Further, in the present invention (second invention), the lower end of the stepped portion is provided at a water level level specific to the pump and the water absorption tank, which sucks air entrained vortices from the free surface at a water level below that, Since a pipe (intake pipe) that opens to a lower level from the lower end of the step portion and communicates with the suction side flow path of the pump is provided for intake (intake pipe), when the water level becomes lower than the lower end of the step portion, this intake pipe Air is sucked in from and the pre-standby operation becomes possible.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明の各実施例を図１ないし図３を
参照して説明する。
〔実施例 １〕図１は、本発明の一実施例に係るクロー
ズ形吸水槽と立軸ポンプを示す略示断面図である。図１
に示すポンプ吸水槽装置は、吐出しエルボ１、回転軸
２、羽根車３からなる立軸ポンプ４と、クローズ形の吸
水槽５とを組合せたものである。このようなクローズ形
の吸水槽５は、多くの場合、水平な吸水槽底面６とポン
プ方向に傾斜した吸水槽上面７からなっている。すなわ
ち、ポンプ吸水路の水深が上流側で深く立軸ポンプ４据
付け側で浅くなるように吸水槽上面７が傾斜面を形成し
ている。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Each embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. [Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a closed type water absorption tank and a vertical pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1
The pump water absorption tank device shown in (1) is a combination of a vertical shaft pump 4 including a discharge elbow 1, a rotary shaft 2, and an impeller 3, and a closed type water absorption tank 5. In many cases, such a closed type water absorption tank 5 includes a horizontal water absorption tank bottom surface 6 and a water absorption tank upper surface 7 inclined in the pump direction. That is, the water absorption tank upper surface 7 forms an inclined surface so that the water depth of the pump water absorption path is deep on the upstream side and shallow on the vertical pump 4 installation side.
【００１２】このような設備において、自由表面の水位
ＷＬが下がり立軸ポンプ４の吐出量と吸水槽５の形状と
で決まる水位に達すると、自由表面から空気巻込み渦が
発生する。そこで、本実施例では、傾斜した吸水槽上面
７に段差部８を設け、この段差部８と大気とを連通させ
る通気管９を設けた。このことにより、空気巻込み渦が
発生しても、この段差部８に衝突し、渦によって巻込ま
れた空気が実線矢印で示す水の流れと分離し、この部分
に空気溜りを生じ、溜った空気は通気管９により系外に
排出される。In such equipment, when the water level WL on the free surface falls and reaches a water level determined by the discharge amount of the vertical pump 4 and the shape of the water absorption tank 5, an air entrainment vortex is generated from the free surface. In view of this, in this embodiment, a step portion 8 is provided on the inclined water absorption tank upper surface 7, and a ventilation pipe 9 that connects the step portion 8 and the atmosphere is provided. As a result, even if an air entrainment vortex is generated, it collides with the step portion 8 and the air entrained by the vortex is separated from the water flow indicated by the solid arrow, and an air pool is generated and accumulated in this part. The air is discharged to the outside of the system by the ventilation pipe 9.
【００１３】このように、段差部８を適切な位置に形成
することにより、空気巻込み渦の成長は抑制され、大き
な渦への成長が抑えられるために、立軸ポンプ４の運転
の続行が不可能となるような状態になることが回避でき
る。このことにより、吸水槽５の外形寸法、ポンプ仕様
を同一とした場合でも、空気巻込み渦が発生する最低水
位レベルを低い水位とすることができるとともに、初期
の計画を変更した場合でも、吸水槽全体の寸法を再検討
せずに、吸水槽の一部を改造することで、ある程度は対
応することができる。As described above, by forming the step portion 8 at an appropriate position, the growth of the air entrainment vortex is suppressed, and the growth into a large vortex is suppressed, so that the vertical pump 4 cannot continue to operate. It is possible to avoid a possible state. As a result, even when the outer dimensions of the water absorption tank 5 and the pump specifications are the same, the minimum water level at which air entrainment vortices are generated can be set to a low water level, and even if the initial plan is changed, To some extent, it is possible to modify some of the water absorption tank without reconsidering the dimensions of the entire water tank.
【００１４】〔実施例 ２〕図２は、本発明の他の実施
例に係るクローズ形吸水槽と立軸ポンプを示す略示断面
図である。図中、図１と同一符号のものは先の実施例と
同等部分であるから、その説明を省略する。図２の実施
例では、段差部８の下端８ａを、それ以下のレベルでは
自由表面から空気巻込み渦を吸込んでしまう、ポンプと
吸水槽固有の水位レベル（ＷＬ１）に位置させ、当該段
差部８の下端８ａより下位レベルに開口し、立軸ポンプ
４Ａの吸込側流路４ｂに連通する吸気を目的とした吸気
管１０を設けたものである。[Embodiment 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a closed type water absorption tank and a vertical pump according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, those having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the lower end 8a of the step portion 8 is located at a water level level (WL1) specific to the pump and the water absorption tank, which sucks the air entrainment vortex from the free surface at a lower level, and An intake pipe 10 is provided at a lower level than the lower end 8a of 8 and communicates with the suction side flow passage 4b of the vertical shaft pump 4A for the purpose of intake.
【００１５】水位ＷＬが下がり、図１で説明した効果に
よりＷＬ１まで水位が下降すると、吸気管１０の一端１
０ａが大気に開放され、大気圧Ｐｏとなる。一方、吸気
管１０の他端１０ｂの圧力Ｐは、ポンプ吸込側流路４ｂ
に開口しているため、１０ａ，１０ｂのレベル差ｌおよ
び開口部１０ｂの流速ｖを用いて次式が成り立つ。When the water level WL is lowered and the water level is lowered to WL1 by the effect described in FIG. 1, one end 1 of the intake pipe 10 is
0a is opened to the atmosphere and becomes atmospheric pressure Po. On the other hand, the pressure P at the other end 10b of the intake pipe 10 is equal to that of the pump suction side flow path 4b.
Therefore, the following equation is established using the level difference l of 10a and 10b and the flow velocity v of the opening 10b.
【数１】
ここで、γ；水の比重量、ｇ；重力加速度
したがって、水位がＷＬ１に達したとき、Ｐ＜Ｐｏとな
るように設計しておけば、ＷＬ１にてポンプに吸気が開
始される。さらに水位が下がると、ポンプは吸気しなが
ら流量制御を行い、最終的には、気水が分離し空転運転
に移行する、いわゆる先行待機運転を行うことができ
る。[Equation 1] Here, γ: specific weight of water, g: gravitational acceleration Therefore, if the water level is designed to satisfy P <Po when the water level reaches WL1, intake of the pump starts at WL1. When the water level further lowers, the pump controls the flow rate while inhaling, and finally the so-called preceding standby operation can be performed in which steam and water are separated and the operation shifts to idle operation.
【００１６】〔実施例 ３〕図３は、本発明さらに他の
実施例に係るクローズ形吸水槽と立軸ポンプを示す略示
断面図である。図中、図１と同一符号のものは先の実施
例と同等部分であるから、その説明を省略する。図３の
実施例では、段差部８の部分に空気を溜めるための凹部
１１を形成し、通気管９をこの凹部１１に開口させたも
のであり、空気巻込み渦が発生した際の段差部８の部分
における空気と水との分離効果を高め、図１の実施例に
比べて、より一層確実に空気と水との分離が行われる。
なお、図示しないが、図３の実施例に図２の実施例の吸
気管１０を合わせて設けても良いことは言うまでもな
い。[Embodiment 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a closed type water absorption tank and a vertical pump according to still another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, those having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a concave portion 11 for accumulating air is formed in the step portion 8 and the ventilation pipe 9 is opened in this concave portion 11, and the step portion when an air entrainment vortex occurs The effect of separating air and water in the portion 8 is enhanced, and the separation of air and water is more reliably performed as compared with the embodiment of FIG.
Although not shown, it goes without saying that the intake pipe 10 of the embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with the embodiment of FIG.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明に
よれば、ポンプ吸水路を構成するクローズ形の吸水槽に
おいて、ポンプに吸い込まれる空気巻込み渦の発生を制
御し、より低い水位までポンプの運転を可能とするポン
プ吸水槽装置を提供することができる。また、クローズ
形の吸水槽に据え付けた立軸ポンプにおける、吸気によ
る先行待機運転を行う場合の吸気方法、吸気開始水位の
制御方法を提案し、立軸ポンプの先行待機運転を可能と
するポンプ吸水槽装置を提供することができる。As described above in detail, according to the present invention, in the closed type water absorption tank forming the water absorption path of the pump, generation of air entrainment vortexes sucked into the pump is controlled to lower the water level. It is possible to provide a pump water absorption tank device that enables the operation of the pump. In addition, we proposed an intake method and a control method of the intake start water level when performing a preparatory standby operation by intake air in a vertical pump installed in a closed type water absorption tank, and a pump water absorption tank device that enables the preparatory standby operation of the vertical pump. Can be provided.
【図１】本発明の一実施例に係るクローズ形吸水槽と立
軸ポンプを示す略示断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a closed water absorption tank and a vertical pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の他の実施例に係るクローズ形吸水槽と
立軸ポンプを示す略示断面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a closed type water absorption tank and a vertical pump according to another embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明さらに他の実施例に係るクローズ形吸水
槽と立軸ポンプを示す略示断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a closed type water absorption tank and a vertical pump according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
４，４Ａ 立軸ポンプ ５，５Ａ 吸水槽 ６ 吸水槽底面 ７ 吸水槽上面 ８ 段差部 ９ 通気管 １０ 吸気管 １１ 凹部 4,4A vertical shaft pump 5,5A water absorption tank 6 Water absorption tank bottom 7 Water absorption tank upper surface 8 step 9 Ventilation pipe 10 Intake pipe 11 recess
Claims (4)
プ据付け側で浅くなるように上面に傾斜部を有するクロ
ーズ形の吸水槽を構成するものにおいて、 前記吸水槽の傾斜部に段差部を設け、この段差部と大気
とを連通させる通気管を設けたことを特徴とするポンプ
吸水槽装置。1. A closed type water absorption tank having an inclined portion on an upper surface thereof so that a water depth of a pump water absorption channel is deep on an upstream side and shallow on a pump installation side, wherein a stepped portion is formed on the inclined portion of the water absorption tank. A pump water absorption tank device, which is provided with a ventilation pipe for communicating the step portion with the atmosphere.
プ据付け側で浅くなるように上面に傾斜部を有するクロ
ーズ形の吸水槽を構成するものにおいて、 前記吸水槽の傾斜部に段差部を設け、この段差部と大気
とを連通させる通気管を設けるとともに、 前記段差部の下端を、それ以下の水位レベルでは自由表
面から空気巻き込み渦を吸い込んでしまう、ポンプと吸
水槽に固有の水位レベルに位置させ、当該段差部の下端
より下位レベルに開口しポンプの吸込側流路に連通する
吸気管を設けたことを特徴とするポンプ吸水槽装置。2. A closed type water absorption tank having an inclined portion on an upper surface so that the water depth of the pump water absorption channel is deep on the upstream side and shallow on the pump installation side, wherein a stepped portion is formed on the inclined portion of the water absorption tank. In addition to providing a ventilation pipe that connects this step to the atmosphere, at the lower end of the step, at a water level below that level, a level of water peculiar to the pump and the water absorption tank that draws in air vortices from the free surface at a water level below that level. And a suction pipe which is located at a lower level than the lower end of the step and communicates with a suction side flow path of the pump.
プ据付け側で浅くなるように上面に傾斜部を有するクロ
ーズ形の吸水槽を構成するものにおいて、 前記吸水槽の傾斜部に段差部を設け、この段差部に空気
を溜める凹部を設け、この凹部と大気とを連通させる通
気管を設けたことを特徴とするポンプ吸水槽装置。3. A closed type water absorption tank having an inclined portion on the upper surface so that the water depth of the pump water absorption channel is deep on the upstream side and shallow on the pump installation side, wherein a stepped portion is formed on the inclined portion of the water absorption tank. A pump water absorption tank device, characterized in that a recess for accumulating air is provided in the step, and a ventilation pipe is provided for communicating the recess with the atmosphere.
では自由表面から空気巻き込み渦を吸い込んでしまう、
ポンプと吸水槽に固有の水位レベルに位置させ、当該段
差部の下端より下位レベルに開口しポンプの吸込側流路
に連通する吸気管を設けたことを特徴とする請求項３記
載のポンプ吸水槽装置。4. At the lower end of the step, at a water level below that level, the air entrainment vortex is sucked from the free surface,
The pump suction pipe according to claim 3, further comprising an intake pipe which is located at a water level specific to the pump and the water absorption tank and which is opened at a lower level from a lower end of the step portion and communicates with a suction side flow passage of the pump. Aquarium device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3191655A JP2686380B2 (en) | 1991-07-31 | 1991-07-31 | Pump water absorption tank device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3191655A JP2686380B2 (en) | 1991-07-31 | 1991-07-31 | Pump water absorption tank device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0533800A true JPH0533800A (en) | 1993-02-09 |
| JP2686380B2 JP2686380B2 (en) | 1997-12-08 |
Family
ID=16278267
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3191655A Expired - Fee Related JP2686380B2 (en) | 1991-07-31 | 1991-07-31 | Pump water absorption tank device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2686380B2 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5443607U (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1979-03-26 |
-
1991
- 1991-07-31 JP JP3191655A patent/JP2686380B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5443607U (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1979-03-26 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2686380B2 (en) | 1997-12-08 |
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