JPH05331858A - Surface cover for banking body - Google Patents
Surface cover for banking bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05331858A JPH05331858A JP2415357A JP41535790A JPH05331858A JP H05331858 A JPH05331858 A JP H05331858A JP 2415357 A JP2415357 A JP 2415357A JP 41535790 A JP41535790 A JP 41535790A JP H05331858 A JPH05331858 A JP H05331858A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- panels
- panel
- lateral
- adjacent
- embankment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は盛土体を摩擦安定させるための表面被覆に関す
る。The present invention relates to a surface coating for frictionally stabilizing an embankment.
【０００１】ヘンリー・ビダル（Henri Vidal)による英
国特許第１０９３６１号で、安定部材を用いて接触摩擦
で盛土層の連続締固めにより安定性が達成される盛土層
を説明している。これらの部材は、鉄筋コンクリートと
接触する盛土粒土間及びその粒子と残りの盛土間の双方
の摩擦力で全体を十分垂直に安定させる。安定用部材
は、摩擦力が盛土外に移動されかつ安定要素に起こる引
張力が盛土粒子の大きな水平移動を反発するように設置
される。この構造の鉄筋の好ましい形は、平らな面を水
平にかつ一端を表面パネルに取り付けられて盛土内に置
かれる平らに伸ばされた縞鋼板である。[0001] British Patent No. 109361 by Henri Vidal describes a fill layer in which stability is achieved by continuous compaction of the fill layer by contact friction with a stabilizing member. These members stabilize the whole structure sufficiently vertically by the frictional force between the embankment grain soil contacting the reinforced concrete and between the particles and the remaining embankment. The stabilizing member is installed so that the frictional force is moved to the outside of the embankment and the tensile force generated in the stabilizing element repels a large horizontal movement of the embankment particles. The preferred form of rebar in this structure is a flat-stretched striped steel plate that is placed horizontally in a flat surface and attached at one end to a face panel and placed in a fill.
【０００２】この盛土安定技法は少なくとも１つの十分
な垂直面、さらに通常表面被覆で覆われる面をもてる構
造であり、上記締固められた構造による小さな移動に適
合し又はその安定技法により許される構造の小さな伸縮
又は平均した常時移動に適応するために、その構造は面
の設計に特に柔軟性を持たせている。一般に、そのよう
な柔軟性は安定部材に取り付けられた表面パネルによっ
て与えることができる。英国特許第１３２４６８６号
は、表面パネルが隣接パネル間の変形に関して認めて設
置された、また一方では隣接パネル間の盛土の流出を防
ぐような組み合わせ側縁部を有する表面被覆を開示して
いる。この周知の組み合わせ設置法について、表面パネ
ルは全て同じ位置に置かなければならないが、相互に角
度を持たせて隣接パネルを接続することは不可能であ
る。This embankment stabilization technique is a structure having at least one sufficient vertical surface, and more usually a surface covered with a surface coating, adapted to or allowed by the stabilization technique for small movements by the compacted structure. In order to accommodate small stretches or even constant movement of the structure, the structure makes the surface design particularly flexible. Generally, such flexibility can be provided by a surface panel attached to the stabilizer. British Patent No. 1234686 discloses a surface coating in which the surface panels are installed in a manner permitting deformation between adjacent panels, while also having mating side edges to prevent the outflow of embankment between adjacent panels. For this known combination installation method, the surface panels must all be in the same position, but it is not possible to connect adjacent panels at an angle to each other.
【０００３】平面的に角度があり又は曲線を持つ表面を
形成するために欧州特許出願第０３４５０７７号（この
出願以前には公表されていない）として提出されてい
る。これは隣接要素に関して表面要素を僅かに回転する
ことで達成されるが、この要素の設計はどの２要素の間
における最大の「回転」は僅かな角度に限られている。
したがって例えば直角に表面を曲げることは不可能であ
る。It has been filed as European Patent Application No. 0345077 (not published prior to this application) for forming planar angled or curved surfaces. This is achieved by slightly rotating the surface element with respect to the adjacent elements, but the design of this element is such that the maximum "rotation" between any two elements is limited to a small angle.
Thus, for example, it is impossible to bend the surface at a right angle.
【０００４】本発明が盛土体の摩擦安定化のため表面被
覆を提供する１つの特色から見ると、該盛土体に埋設さ
れた摩擦安定部材に取り付ける装置を有する表面パネル
の組立体を含み、表面パネルは横方向の隣接する表面パ
ネルに接続する側縁部を有し、その各側縁部は、横方向
の引込部及び突出部とそれぞれ噛み合わされる横方向の
突出部と引込部を有し、少なくとも幾つかの横方向に隣
接した表面パネルは相互とも同じ平面で組立てられかつ
相互にある１つの角度をもって組み立てられ、双方の場
合における表面パネルの組立体は隣接パネル間の通路が
十分に密閉される。Viewed from one aspect of the present invention providing a surface coating for friction stabilization of an embankment, the assembly includes a surface panel having a device for attachment to a friction stabilizing member embedded in the embankment, the surface The panel has lateral edges that connect to adjacent lateral surface panels, each lateral edge having lateral projections and retraction mated with lateral recesses and projections, respectively. , At least some laterally adjacent surface panels are assembled in the same plane as one another and at an angle to each other, the assembly of the surface panels in both cases being such that the passage between adjacent panels is sufficiently sealed To be done.
【０００５】本発明が摩擦安定化した盛土体の表面を形
成するために相互に組立てる表面パネル一式を提供する
もう１つの特色から見ると、各表面パネルは、少なくと
も該盛土体に埋設される１つの摩擦安定部材を取り付け
る装置を有し、横方向の隣接表面パネルに接続する側縁
部であり、各側縁部は隣接表面パネルの横方向の引込部
及び突出部とそれぞれ結合される横方向の突出部及び引
込部を有し、側縁部が、隣接表面パネルが相互とも同じ
平面または相互にある１つの角度を持って結合できるよ
うに配置されており、双方の場合において結合部は隣接
パネル間の盛土通路が十分に密閉されている。Viewed from another feature, the present invention provides a set of surface panels assembled together to form a friction-stabilized embankment surface, wherein each surface panel is at least embedded in the embankment. Lateral edges having a device for mounting two friction stabilizers, the lateral edges connecting to adjacent lateral surface panels, each lateral edge being respectively coupled to the lateral recesses and protrusions of the adjacent surface panels. The projections and recesses of the side edges are arranged such that the adjacent surface panels can be joined at the same plane or at an angle to each other, and in both cases the joints are adjacent. The embankment passage between the panels is well sealed.
【０００６】本発明はまた、表面被覆、かつ該表面被覆
に結合され並びに該盛土体に埋設される摩擦安定部材を
有する摩擦安定化する盛土体を提供する。The invention also provides a friction stabilizing embankment having a surface coating and a friction stabilizing member bonded to the surface coating and embedded in the embankment.
【０００７】本発明により使用される表面パネルについ
て、平面的に、１か所以上を直角又は任意な角度に曲げ
て表面を形成することが可能であり、一方表面パネルの
設計でも同じ平面で隣接パネルをより従来的に配置でき
る。表面パネルの側縁部は、横方向の隣接表面パネルが
共通平面間及び少なくとも垂直な配置に、望まれる角度
で相互に接続されるように配置されるので、表面は平面
的に多くの可能な外観を続けて設計できる。つまり増加
する表面パネルの複雑化は摩擦安定化した盛土体の設計
者にとってより多く選択ができるようになる。The surface panel used according to the present invention can be formed by bending one or more places in a plane at right angles or at arbitrary angles, while the surface panel is designed so that the surface is adjacent in the same plane. The panels can be arranged more traditionally. The side edges of the surface panels are arranged such that laterally adjacent surface panels are interconnected in a common plane and in at least a vertical arrangement, at the desired angles, so that the surface is planar with many possible planes. You can continue to design the appearance. In other words, the increasing complexity of surface panels will give more choice to the designer of friction-stabilized embankments.
【０００８】表面パネルの側縁部は、隣接パネルが、そ
れらの間で１８０°未満（例えば直角）の角度に回転さ
れた後面或いはそれらの間で１８０°未満（例えば直
角）の角度に回転された前面を相互に結合できるように
好ましく配置される。そのような配置は、表面が「出」
隅又は「入」隅のどちらを作るのにも都合良く両方向に
曲げられることを意味する。The side edges of the face panels are the back surfaces of adjacent panels rotated between them by less than 180 ° (eg right angle) or between them by less than 180 ° (eg right angle). The front faces are preferably arranged so that they can be joined together. Such an arrangement is “out” on the surface
It means that it can be bent in both directions to make either a corner or an "in" corner.
【０００９】表面は通常表面パネルの連続して重ねられ
た列を含み、下部列の外観と異なる平面図の外観を続け
ることは１列のパネルについてのみ可能である。つまり
本発明の好ましい形としては、表面が複数の表面パネル
の重ねられた列を含み、それらのより低い位置の列は、
それらの間を１８０°未満（例えば直角）の角度に回転
された表面を配置された２つの横方向の隣接表面パネル
を含み、該下部列に重ねられた列は（例えば直角）の角
度に回転された表面を配置された２つの横方向の隣接表
面パネルを含み、それによって盛土の露出された区域
は、一般には下部列の２つの該表面パネルの後方に、か
つ一般には重ねられた２つの該表面パネルの前方に限定
される。そのような配置は植樹用の植込区域を都合良く
提供し、一方表面パネルのような比較的簡単な版又はス
ラブを使用する。The surface usually comprises a series of stacked rows of surface panels, and it is possible for only one row of panels to continue the appearance of the plan view different from the appearance of the bottom row. Thus, in a preferred form of the invention, the surface comprises an overlapping row of surface panels, the lower rows of which are:
Including two laterally adjacent surface panels arranged with surfaces rotated between them by an angle of less than 180 ° (eg a right angle), the row superposed on said lower row being rotated by a (eg right angle) angle An exposed area of the embankment, which is generally behind the two surface panels in the lower row, and is generally two stacked. Limited to the front of the surface panel. Such an arrangement conveniently provides a planting area for planting, while using relatively simple plates or slabs such as face panels.
【００１０】表面パネルの各列の外観設計のために多く
の可能性があり、重ねられる列の供給パネルは、上部は
直接に或いは下部列のパネルの後方から位置を定められ
る。つまり盛土の露出区域の形は、全てのパネルのほぼ
等しい側部を有する菱形又は正方形に限られ、或いは露
出区域は、多様な平行四辺形又はパネルの横方向の倍数
にほぼ正確な寸法の直角を作る。より複雑な形状は、隣
接パネルに関して前方にも後方にも「曲げ」られる表面
パネルの能力の点で可能である。上述の配置によると、
隣接表面パネルにより支持される前方側縁部をともない
かつ下部の背後盛土により支持される後方側縁部を伴う
いくつかの表面パネルである。There are many possibilities for the visual design of each row of surface panels, the stacking rows of supply panels being located either directly at the top or behind the panels in the bottom row. That is, the shape of the exposed area of the embankment is limited to a rhombus or a square with approximately equal sides of all panels, or the exposed area is a rectangular parallelepiped or right angle of approximately exact dimension to the lateral multiples of the panel. make. More complex shapes are possible due to the ability of the face panel to be "bent" forward and backward with respect to adjacent panels. According to the above arrangement,
Figure 9 is a number of front panels with a front side edge supported by an adjacent front panel and a back side edge supported by a lower backfill.
【００１１】盛土のより広い露出区域が出る場合、正確
な表面パネルの両側端部は背後盛土で支持される。それ
からその背後盛土の重量を拡散するために基礎パッドを
伴う表面パネルの供給が望まれる。If a wider exposed area of the embankment emerges, the exact edge of the front panel is supported on the back embankment. Then it is desired to provide a surface panel with a foundation pad to spread the weight of the backfill.
【００１２】表面パネルの背後盛土は通常摩擦安定部材
を伴って良好な摩擦接触を確実にするため締固められ
る。締固められた背後盛土での植物の成長は難しくかつ
背後盛土上に表土を施されるように望まれる。別法とし
て、例えば根の周囲に施される適当な客土を伴い、低
木、樹木、又は他の植木類の根を埋めるために背後盛土
に直径３５cmの穴が開けられる。表面パネルの違いがあ
り得る部分で、表面パネルの側縁部の密閉を維持するた
めに、各横方向の突出部の側面は凸曲面に好ましく型成
されかつ該突出部が結合する隣接表面パネルの横方向の
引込部の側面は好ましい凹曲面を型成する。盛土の流出
を防ぐためにパネル間の角度をたとえ最小限に保たせて
もパネルの接続された側縁部間に透き間ができる。凸及
び凹曲線は部分的に円形であっても一般に最良の結果が
得られるが、部分的に円形の曲線からある程度それた量
は通常許される。The back fill of the face panel is usually compacted with a friction stabilizing member to ensure good frictional contact. The growth of plants on the compacted backfill is difficult and it is desired to provide topsoil on the backfill. Alternatively, a 35 cm diameter hole is drilled in the back embankment to fill the roots of shrubs, trees, or other plantings, eg, with suitable soil applied around the roots. In order to maintain the sealing of the side edges of the surface panel where there may be differences in the surface panels, the lateral sides of each lateral projection are preferably shaped into a convex curved surface and the adjacent surface panel to which the projection joins. The lateral sides of the lateral retraction portion of <tb> form a preferred concave surface. There is a gap between the connected side edges of the panels even if the angle between the panels is kept to a minimum to prevent the embankment from flowing out. Convex and concave curves are generally best if they are partially circular, but some deviation from partially circular curves is usually allowed.
【００１３】確実に隣接表面パネルを相互に正しく配置
するために、パネルは垂直な通りを出す装置をともない
結合される側縁部を好ましく施される。好適な実施例と
して、芯出し装置は各側縁部の横方向の突出部に作られ
た垂直穴を、及び隣接パネルの通りを出された垂直穴の
配置に使用する測量針を含む、つまり確実に隣接パネル
の側縁部の正しい通りを出すことは築造中に比較的簡単
である一方同時にパネル間の角度調整がたやすく達成さ
れる。パネルが、前述の部分的に円形である凸及び凹の
曲線にされた側面を有する場合、曲面の中央部は一般に
パネルの垂直孔の位置である。In order to ensure that the adjacent surface panels are correctly positioned relative to each other, the panels are preferably provided with side edges that are joined with a device for vertical passage. In a preferred embodiment, the centering device includes vertical holes made in the lateral protrusions of each side edge, and surveying needles used to locate the vertical holes in the streets of adjacent panels, i.e. Ensuring the correct passage of the side edges of adjacent panels is relatively easy during construction, while at the same time an angular adjustment between the panels is easily achieved. If the panel has the aforementioned partially rounded convex and concave curved sides, the middle of the curved surface is generally the location of the vertical holes in the panel.
【００１４】表面パネル側縁部の横方向の突出部及び引
込部のための多様な配置は可能である。好適な実施例で
は、側縁部はパネルの高さの半分を占める横方向の突出
部及び残りの半分を占める横方向の引っ込み部を有す
る。表面パネルにとって片側において下半分を横方向の
突出部でかつさらに片側において上半分を横方向の突出
部で型成されることは可能であるが、表面パネルの両側
の横方向の突出部にとって相互に同じ高さで施されるこ
と、かつ同様に横方向の引っ込み部にとって相互に同じ
高さで施されることが特に好ましい。それからパネルは
一般に「Ｔ」型にとがっている。そのような表面パネル
の列を有する表面では、各表面パネルは隣接パネルの横
方向に関して反転される。つまり摩擦安定化する盛土体
のためには、表面パネルのように複数の表面を使用する
ことによって表面の外観の変形はかなりの範囲内で形成
されることがわかる。Various arrangements for the lateral protrusions and recesses of the side edges of the front panel are possible. In the preferred embodiment, the side edges have lateral protrusions that occupy half the height of the panel and lateral recesses that occupy the other half. It is possible for the front panel to be formed on one side with the lower half as a lateral projection and on one side with the upper half with a lateral projection, but for the lateral projections on both sides of the front panel to be mutually It is particularly preferred that they are applied at the same height and likewise to the lateral recesses at the same height as each other. The panel is then generally "T" shaped. For surfaces having such rows of front panels, each front panel is inverted with respect to the lateral direction of the adjacent panel. That is, it can be seen that for a friction-stabilized embankment, the use of a plurality of surfaces such as a surface panel results in a deformation of the surface appearance within a considerable range.
【００１５】摩擦安定化する盛土体において、表面の盛
土圧力は特に高くないので、一般に比較的軽量な表面パ
ネルが使用できる。しかし、これについては横方向の突
出部は表面パネルの主な中央部より厚いことが望まし
い。これは隣接パネルの接続の強化および安定化を提供
し、同時に一方、比較的薄い主な中央部の提供により材
料の節約になる。Since the embankment pressure on the surface is not particularly high in the friction-stabilized embankment body, a relatively lightweight surface panel can be generally used. However, for this it is desirable that the lateral protrusions be thicker than the main center of the face panel. This provides enhanced and stable connection of adjacent panels, while at the same time saving material by providing a relatively thin main center.
【００１６】例えば表面パネルを少なくとも一つの摩擦
安定部材に取り付ける装置は表面パネルの後ろから強く
引張られる突起を含む。安定部材の方向は真直ぐに調節
されるので、表面被膜の全体に関して多様な位置を占め
る表面パネルの力から見て、安定部材は単一ボルトによ
る引張りで取り付けることが望ましい。別法として、表
面パネルと安定部材との角度があらかじめ分かっている
場合、２本以上のボルトが使用できる。例えば１．５ｍ
の幅と高さを有する比較的大型パネルの場合は、パネル
の中央部において各パネルの例えばの他の垂直な上部は
一対の引張りで施される。別法として、簡易化された配
置において後ろからの引張りは省略されかつ安定部材は
隣接パネルの側縁部を接続する垂直ピンに取り付けられ
る；この配置はパネルにつき１つの安定部材が施され、
つまり、例えば１．０ｍの幅と高さを有する小型パネル
に対して適当である。例えば０．２５ｍの幅と高さを有
するどのように小さなパネルについても施されるべきで
ある。For example, the device for attaching the face panel to the at least one friction stabilizing member includes a protrusion that is tensioned from behind the face panel. Since the orientation of the stabilizer is straightforward, it is desirable that the stabilizer be attached with a single bolt tension in view of the force of the surface panel which occupies various positions with respect to the overall surface coating. Alternatively, more than one bolt can be used if the angle between the surface panel and the stabilizer is known in advance. For example, 1.5m
In the case of a relatively large panel having a width and height of, for example, another vertical top of each panel in the center of the panel is provided with a pair of tensions. Alternatively, in the simplified arrangement, pulling from the rear is omitted and the stabilizers are attached to vertical pins connecting the side edges of adjacent panels; this arrangement is provided with one stabilizer per panel,
That is, it is suitable for a small panel having a width and height of 1.0 m, for example. It should be applied for any small panel with a width and height of eg 0.25 m.
【００１７】表面パネルはその高さまたは幅の１０％を
基準とする厚さを有し、それは例えば１．５ｍ角より大
きなパネルは０．１４ｍ、０．１８ｍまたは０．２２ｍ
の厚さを有する好適な実施例としての１．５ｍ×１．５
ｍ×０．１８ｍの寸法のパネルは１．００５ｋｇの重量
を有する。１．０ｍ×１．０ｍのより小さなパネルの好
適な実施例は０．０７５ｍの厚さ及び４３０ｋｇの重量
を有する。中央部は横方向の突出部より薄く施される場
合、一般的に横方向の突出部はその中央部より少なくと
も０．１５ｍ厚くされる。The surface panel has a thickness based on 10% of its height or width, which is, for example, 0.14 m, 0.18 m or 0.22 m for panels larger than 1.5 m square.
1.5 m × 1.5 as a preferred embodiment having a thickness of
A panel measuring m × 0.18 m has a weight of 1.005 kg. The preferred embodiment of the smaller 1.0 m x 1.0 m panel has a thickness of 0.075 m and a weight of 430 kg. If the central portion is made thinner than the lateral protrusion, then the lateral protrusion is generally at least 0.15 m thicker than the central portion.
【００１８】本発明のいくつかの好適な実施例は例をあ
げかつ添付図面に関して説明されている。Some preferred embodiments of the present invention are described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００１９】第１、２及び３図は、例えば鉄筋コンクリ
ートで作られた表面パネル１は反対側を１対の横方向の
突出部３から比較的薄い中央部２を有する。横方向の突
出部はおのおのパネルの全体高さの半分の高さを有し、
つまり第３図の立面図で見られるように、一般にパネル
を「Ｔ」型にとがった外観にする。横方向の引込部４は
図示されたパネルの両側で置かれる同一表面パネルの横
方向の突出部を受けるように限られるので各横方向の突
出部は垂直方向に反転される（第４、５図参照）。各横
方向の引込部もパネル全体の高さの半分の高さを有す
る。特に２つの接続されるパネルが相互にある角度で配
置される場合、横方向の突出部は、強度及び安定部材程
度を持つ隣接パネルで接続するために、中央部２より厚
くしてある。それは直角あるいは１８０°未満のどのよ
うな角度にもすることができる。各横方向の突出部３は
凸曲面に造られた表面５を有し、かつ上半分の中央部２
は補足的な凹曲面に造られた両側の表面６を有する。２
つのパネルが両側に置かれ、パネルが同じ平面に置か
れ、あるいはそれらがある角度で配置される場合、凹凸
曲面をした側面５及び６は、背後盛土の粒子が流出しな
いようにかつ安定した連続表面を型成するように、結合
しあるいは相互に密着する。各横方向の突出部３は、例
えば金属またはプラスチックのスリーブ（図示されてい
ない）で内側を覆われた円筒状の垂直孔７によって型成
されている。２つのパネルの両端の組立て時には、パネ
ルの正しい位置を維持するために、それらの孔７は通り
を出されかつ例えば金属製のピンはその中に通される。
つまり回転軸は共通平面配置では右回りまたは左回りに
少なくとも９０°までパネル同士回転できる限度を持
つ。1, 2 and 3 show that a face panel 1 made of reinforced concrete, for example, has a relatively thin central portion 2 from a pair of lateral projections 3 on opposite sides. The lateral protrusions have a height that is half the total height of each panel,
That is, it generally gives the panel a "T" -shaped appearance, as seen in the elevation view of FIG. The lateral recesses 4 are limited to receive the lateral protrusions of the same surface panel placed on either side of the illustrated panel so that each lateral protrusion is vertically inverted (4th, 5th). See figure). Each lateral recess also has a height that is half the overall panel height. Especially when the two connected panels are arranged at an angle to each other, the lateral projections are thicker than the central part 2 in order to connect with adjacent panels which have a strength and a degree of stability. It can be right angle or any angle less than 180 °. Each lateral projection 3 has a convexly curved surface 5 and has a central portion 2 in the upper half.
Has opposite side surfaces 6 which are constructed with complementary concave surfaces. Two
When two panels are placed on both sides, the panels are placed on the same plane, or they are placed at an angle, the uneven side surfaces 5 and 6 are a continuous continuous surface so that the particles of the back embankment do not flow out. Bond or adhere to each other to form surfaces. Each lateral projection 3 is shaped by a cylindrical vertical hole 7 which is lined with a sleeve of metal or plastic (not shown), for example. When assembling the two panels at their ends, their holes 7 are punched out and, for example, metal pins are threaded therein, in order to maintain the correct position of the panels.
That is, the rotation axis has a limit that allows the panels to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise by at least 90 ° in the common plane arrangement.
【００２０】第４図は共通平面配置における組立てられ
た表面パネル１の列の一部を示す。各パネルは、例えば
パネルのコンクリートに埋込まれた鋼板で造られた１対
の垂直に配置された引張部８によりその垂直な中心線で
施工される。縞鋼板で作られた各引張部に取り付けられ
た盛土安定部材９は表面パネルの背後盛土内に、つまり
後方に伸ばされる。これらの縞鋼板は盛土との摩擦を得
るために上下の横方向のリブが取り付けられている。FIG. 4 shows part of a row of assembled front panel 1 in a common plane arrangement. Each panel is constructed at its vertical centerline by a pair of vertically arranged tension members 8 made of, for example, steel plates embedded in the concrete of the panel. The embankment stabilizing member 9 attached to each tension part made of striped steel sheet is extended into the back embankment of the front panel, that is, backward. These striped steel plates are provided with upper and lower horizontal ribs to obtain friction with the embankment.
【００２１】第５図は表面パネル１に安定部材９を取り
付ける別な装置を示す。この配置において、部材９は、
パネルのコンクリートから突出した例えば直径１６ｍｍ
の鉄筋（図示されていない）装置により横方向の突出部
３に取り付けられる。つまりこれはパネル当り１つの安
定部材の設備であり、より小型のパネルに適当である。
その鉄筋は隣接パネルの内部接続用ピンとしても活用で
きるが、別法としてピンと鉄筋は別々の部材して施工す
ることができる。FIG. 5 shows another device for attaching the stabilizing member 9 to the front panel 1. In this arrangement, the member 9
16mm diameter protruding from the concrete of the panel
Is attached to the lateral projection 3 by means of a rebar (not shown) device. That is, this is one stabilizer per panel installation, suitable for smaller panels.
The reinforcing bar can be used as an internal connection pin for an adjacent panel, but as an alternative, the pin and the reinforcing bar can be constructed as separate members.
【００２２】第６図はパネルで組み立てられた表面を有
する盛土築造体を示す。表面は、１０〜１３までの各列
の上部レベルに施工された植込部１７の露出部分、およ
び、１４〜１６列で造られた連続表面部を伴う１０〜１
６の連続して重ねられた列を含む。最下列１０に関して
１対の横方向の隣接パネルは１ａ、１ｂは、相互に直角
に回転した後面によって、つまり前面間を２７０°の角
度に定められて接続される。つまり出隅１８は表面にお
いて定められる。表面パネル１Ｃは、それらの表面は相
互に全面を直角に回転され、後面を２７０度の角度に定
められるように、隣接パネル１ｂに設置される。つまり
入隅１９は表面で定められる。FIG. 6 shows an embankment construction having a surface assembled with panels. The surface is 10 to 1 with the exposed portion of the implant 17 being applied to the upper level of each row from 10 to 13 and the continuous surface portion made from 14 to 16 rows.
It contains 6 consecutive rows. With respect to the bottom row 10, a pair of laterally adjacent panels 1a, 1b are connected by their rear faces rotated at right angles to each other, i.e. at an angle of 270 ° between the front faces. That is, the projected corner 18 is defined on the surface. The front panel 1C is installed on the adjacent panel 1b so that the surfaces thereof are rotated at right angles to each other and the rear surface is set at an angle of 270 degrees. That is, the entry corner 19 is defined by the surface.
【００２３】重ねられた列において、一般に水平な露出
盛土部分１７を定めるように、上部の、つまり列１０の
出隅１８の後方に位置するもう一つの入隅２０を型成す
る。この配置は列１０〜１３の上部レベルにおいて盛土
の植込部分を造るために他のどの表面においても繰り返
される；いったんこれらの部分に植樹されると表面の外
観を十分に高められる。上部列１４〜１６の表面も前述
のような出隅および入隅を含むが、表面は植込部分のな
い連続であるのでパネルは各パネルの上部に直接置かれ
る。In the stacked rows, another entry corner 20 is formed at the top, that is behind the exit corner 18 of the row 10, so as to define a generally horizontal exposed fill portion 17. This arrangement is repeated on any other surface to create embankment parts of the embankment at the upper level of rows 10-13; once planted in these parts the surface appearance is fully enhanced. The surface of the top rows 14-16 also includes the raised and recessed corners as described above, but the panels are placed directly on top of each panel because the surface is continuous without studs.
【００２４】第７、８および９図は、すべてのパネルが
十分な共通平面配置に使用される場合、表面パネル１の
列が相互に重ねられている異なった方法を示す。第７図
において、下のパネル上に直接設置されたパネルはそれ
らを反転している。第８図において、下のパネル上に設
置されたパネルは同じ方向である。第９図の配置は、パ
ネル中央部２の片側面６はその下にあるパネルの横方向
の突出部３の側面５で垂直に通りを出されるように列が
横方向に合わされることを除いては同様である。FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show different ways in which the rows of front panel 1 are stacked on top of each other when all panels are used in a sufficient coplanar arrangement. In FIG. 7, the panel installed directly on the bottom panel is flipping them. In FIG. 8, the panels installed on the lower panel are in the same direction. The arrangement of FIG. 9 is different in that the rows are laterally aligned so that one side 6 of the panel center 2 is passed vertically by the side 5 of the underlying lateral projection 3 of the panel. Is the same.
【図１】図１は本発明の斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
【図２】図２は本発明の斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention.
【図３】図３は本発明の斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the present invention.
【図４】図４は列に組立てられた表面パネルの後部斜視
図である。FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the front panel assembled in rows.
【図５】図５は、安定部材の別な取り付け型を示す図４
と同様な斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a view showing another mounting type of the stabilizing member.
It is a perspective view similar to FIG.
【図６】図６は表面パネルで組立てられた表面を有する
築造体を示す前面斜視図である。FIG. 6 is a front perspective view showing a construction having a surface assembled from surface panels.
【図７】図７は表面パネルで組み立てた前方立面図であ
る。FIG. 7 is a front elevation view assembled with a front panel.
【図８】図８は表面パネルで組み立てた前方立面図であ
る。FIG. 8 is a front elevation view assembled with a front panel.
【図９】図９は表面パネルで組み立てた前方立面図であ
る。FIG. 9 is a front elevation view assembled with a front panel.
１ 表面パネル ２ 中央部 ３ 突出部 ４ 引込部 ５ 凸曲面 ６ 凹曲面 ７ 垂直孔 ８ 引張突起 ９ 摩擦安定部材 １０〜１６ 重ねられたパネル列 １７ 植込部分 １８ 出隅部 １９、２０ 入隅部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surface panel 2 Central part 3 Projection part 4 Recessed part 5 Convex curved surface 6 Concave curved surface 7 Vertical hole 8 Tensile projection 9 Friction stabilizing member 10-16 Overlapping panel row 17 Implanted part 18 Outer corner part 19, 20 Inlet corner part
Claims (17)
付ける装置を有する表面パネルを持つ組立体を含む摩擦
安定化した該盛土体の表面被覆であって、表面パネルは
横方向の隣接する表面パネルに接続する側縁部を有し、
その各側縁部は、横方向の引込部及び突出部とそれぞれ
噛み合わされる横歩行の突出部と引込部を有し、少なく
とも幾つかの横方向に隣接した表面パネルは相互とも同
じ平面で組立てられかつ相互にある１つの角度をもって
組み立てられ、双方の場合に置ける表面パネルの組立体
は隣接パネル間の通路が十分に密閉されることを特徴と
する盛土体の表面被覆。1. A surface coating of a friction-stabilized embankment including an assembly having a surface panel having a device for attaching to a friction-stabilizing member embedded in the embankment, the surface panels being laterally adjacent surfaces. Has side edges that connect to the panel,
Each of its side edges has a lateral walking protrusion and a retracting portion which are respectively engaged with a lateral retracting portion and a protruding portion, and at least some laterally adjacent surface panels are assembled in the same plane as each other. Surface coverings for embankments, characterized in that the assembly of surface panels assembled and at one angle to each other and which can be placed in both cases is such that the passage between adjacent panels is sufficiently sealed.
れた後面を配置された横方向に隣接する表面パネル、及
びその間を１８０°未満の角度に向けられた表面が配置
された横方向に隣接する表面パネルをさらに含むことを
特徴とする、請求項１記載の表面被覆。2. A laterally adjacent surface panel having a rear surface disposed between the panels and oriented at an angle of less than 180 °, and a lateral direction in which a surface oriented between the panels is disposed at an angle of less than 180 °. The surface coating of claim 1, further comprising adjacent surface panels.
み、それらの１列の表面パネルは下部列の外観と異なる
平面図における外観が続くことを特徴とする、請求項１
又は２記載の表面被覆。3. A series of superposed rows of front panels, wherein one row of front panels is followed by an appearance in a plan view that differs from the appearance of the lower row.
Or the surface coating according to 2.
み、それらの下部列はその間に１８０°未満の角度で相
互に向けられた後面を配置された２つの横方向に隣接す
る表面パネルを含みかつ該下部列の重ねられた列はその
間を１８０°未満の角度で相互に向けられた前面を配置
された２つの横方向に隣接する表面パネルを含み、それ
によって盛土の露出された区域は一般に下部列の２つの
該表面パネルの後方に限定されかつ一般に２つの重ねら
れた列のの２つの表面パネルの前方に限定されることを
特徴とする、請求項２記載の表面被覆。4. A plurality of superposed rows of face panels, the lower rows of which comprise two laterally adjacent face panels with rear faces arranged with respect to each other at an angle of less than 180 °. The superposed row of said lower rows comprises two laterally adjacent surface panels arranged with their front sides oriented at an angle of less than 180 ° between them, whereby the exposed area of the embankment is 3. Surface coating according to claim 2, characterized in that it is generally confined to the rear of the two surface panels of the lower row and generally to the front of the two surface panels of the two superposed rows.
造られた側面を有し、かつ表面パネルの横方向の引込部
は補足的な凹曲面に造られた側面を有することを特徴と
する、全ての前記請求項記載の表面被覆。5. The lateral protrusion of the front panel has a side surface formed into a convex curved surface, and the lateral retraction portion of the front panel has a side surface formed into a complementary concave curved surface. A surface coating according to all the preceding claims.
りを出す装置を含むこと、隣接パネルの横方向の突出部
を形成する垂直孔、及びその中に配置され垂直孔の芯を
出すピンを含む芯出し装置を特徴とする全ての前記請求
項記載の表面被覆。6. A device for vertically threading a lateral edge of a laterally adjacent panel, a vertical hole forming a lateral protrusion of the adjacent panel, and a core of the vertical hole disposed therein. Surface coating according to all the preceding claims, characterized by a centering device including a tapping pin.
占める横方向の突出部を有し、かつ残りの半分を占める
横方向の引込部を有することを特徴とする、全ての前記
請求項記載の表面被覆。7. The front edge of the panel has a lateral projection that occupies half of its height and a lateral recess that occupies the other half of the height. The surface coating according to claim.
いることを特徴とする、全ての前記請求項記載の表面被
覆。8. Surface coating according to all the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface panels are generally "T" shaped.
厚みのある横方向の突出部を有することを特徴とする、
全ての前記請求項記載の表面被覆。9. Each front panel is characterized by having a main central portion and lateral projections thicker than the central portion.
Surface coating according to all the preceding claims.
覆を有する摩擦安定化した盛土体、かつ該表面被覆に結
合され並びに該盛土体に埋設される摩擦安定部材。10. A friction-stabilized embankment having a surface coating as claimed in all of the preceding claims, and a friction-stabilizing member bonded to the surface coating and embedded in the embankment.
るために相互に組立てる表面パネル一式であり、各表面
パネルは、少なくとも該盛土体に埋設される１つの摩擦
安定部材にとり付ける装置を有することを特徴とする、
表面パネル一式。横方向の隣接表面パネルに接続する側
縁部であり、各側縁部は、隣接表面パネルの横方向の引
込部及び突出部とそれぞれ結合される横方向の引込部及
び突出部を有し、側縁部が隣接表面パネルが相互とも同
じ平面又は相互にある１つの角度をもって結合できるよ
うに配置されており、双方の場合において結合部は隣接
パネル間の盛土通路が十分に密閉されていることを特徴
とする、側縁部。11. A set of surface panels assembled together to form a friction stabilized embankment surface, each surface panel having a device for attachment to at least one friction stabilizing member embedded in the embankment. Characterized by that
Complete front panel. Lateral edges that connect to adjacent lateral face panels, each side edge having a lateral recess and protrusion that are respectively coupled to the lateral recesses and protrusions of the adjacent surface panel, The side edges are arranged so that adjacent surface panels can be joined at the same plane or at an angle with each other, and in both cases the joint is such that the embankment passage between the adjacent panels is sufficiently sealed. Side edge.
その間を１８０°未満の角度に向けられた後面を相互に
結合され、かつその間を１８０°未満の角度に向けられ
た前表面で結合される隣接パネルのように配置されるこ
とを含むことを特徴とする、請求項１１記載の表面パネ
ル一式。12. The side edges of the face panels are joined to each other at the rear faces of adjacent panels which are oriented at an angle of less than 180 ° between them and at the front faces which are oriented at an angle of less than 180 ° therebetween. 12. The set of surface panels according to claim 11, characterized in that it is arranged like adjacent panels to be formed.
に造られた側面を有し、かつ表面パネルの横方向の引込
部は補足的な凹曲面に造られた側面を有することを含む
ことを特徴とする、請求項１１又は１２記載の表面パネ
ル一式。13. The lateral protrusion of the face panel includes a convexly curved side surface, and the lateral recess of the surface panel includes a complementary concavely curved side surface. A set of surface panels according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that
芯出しする装置、隣接パネルの側縁部の突出部に型成さ
れた垂直孔、及び、それらを芯出しする孔の垂直位置用
のピン含む芯出し装置を有することを特徴とする、請求
項１１、１２又は１３記載の表面パネル一式。14. A device for vertically centering side edges of adjacent lateral panels, a vertical hole formed in a protrusion of a side edge of the adjacent panel, and a vertical position of the holes for centering them. 14. A set of surface panels as claimed in claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that it has a centering device including pins for the.
を占める横方向の突出部を有しかつ残りの半分を占める
横方向の引込部を有することを特徴とする、請求項１１
〜１４記載の表面パネル一式。15. The side edge of the face panel is characterized in that it has a lateral protrusion which occupies half of its height and a lateral recess which occupies the other half.
A set of surface panels according to [14].
ていることを特徴とする、請求項１１〜１５記載の表面
パネル一式。16. A set of surface panels according to claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the surface panels are generally "T" shaped.
り厚みのある横方向の突出部を有することを特徴とす
る、請求項１１〜１６記載の表面パネル一式。17. A set of surface panels according to claims 11 to 16, characterized in that each surface panel has a main central part and lateral projections thicker than it.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB898929298A GB8929298D0 (en) | 1989-12-29 | 1989-12-29 | Facing system |
| GB8929298.1 | 1989-12-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05331858A true JPH05331858A (en) | 1993-12-14 |
| JP2663051B2 JP2663051B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
Family
ID=10668565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2415357A Expired - Lifetime JP2663051B2 (en) | 1989-12-29 | 1990-12-28 | Surface coating of embankment |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2663051B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033288A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2656639A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8929298D0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1241564B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2251259B (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1994-09-21 | Knudsen Poul N | A retaining wall structure |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3537687A (en) * | 1967-09-25 | 1970-11-03 | Philip Adelman | Garden fence and wall |
| GB1601965A (en) * | 1978-05-23 | 1981-11-04 | Transport Secretary Of State F | Reinforced earth structures |
| EP0130949A3 (en) * | 1983-06-28 | 1985-11-27 | Luciano Sangiorgio | Concrete panels and relative means for their anchoring to earth, for forming a facing wall of variable planimetric course and allowing settlement of the panels in the facing wall surface, and the facing wall thus obtained |
| GB2184472B (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1989-11-08 | Guy Lycett Evans | Method of wall construction |
| DE8809862U1 (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1988-11-24 | Boekeler, Hans-Joerg, Dipl.-Ing., 7255 Rutesheim, De |
-
1989
- 1989-12-29 GB GB898929298A patent/GB8929298D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-12-19 GB GB9027468A patent/GB2239477A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-12-27 CA CA002033288A patent/CA2033288A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-28 IT IT48625A patent/IT1241564B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-12-28 JP JP2415357A patent/JP2663051B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-28 FR FR9016453A patent/FR2656639A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2663051B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| IT9048625A1 (en) | 1991-06-30 |
| GB2239477A (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| FR2656639A1 (en) | 1991-07-05 |
| IT1241564B (en) | 1994-01-17 |
| CA2033288A1 (en) | 1991-06-30 |
| IT9048625A0 (en) | 1990-12-28 |
| GB9027468D0 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| GB8929298D0 (en) | 1990-02-28 |
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