JPH05326036A - Battery - Google Patents

Battery

Info

Publication number
JPH05326036A
JPH05326036A JP4148683A JP14868392A JPH05326036A JP H05326036 A JPH05326036 A JP H05326036A JP 4148683 A JP4148683 A JP 4148683A JP 14868392 A JP14868392 A JP 14868392A JP H05326036 A JPH05326036 A JP H05326036A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
water
air
hydrophobic porous
battery according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP4148683A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuyuki Yakura
和幸 矢倉
Shunichi Shimatani
俊一 島谷
Minoru Ezoe
実 江副
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nitto Denko Corp
Original Assignee
Nitto Denko Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nitto Denko Corp filed Critical Nitto Denko Corp
Priority to JP4148683A priority Critical patent/JPH05326036A/en
Publication of JPH05326036A publication Critical patent/JPH05326036A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/02Details

Abstract

PURPOSE:To interrupt permeation of steam inside and outside a battery and make only oxygen efficiently permeated by arranging a composite film consisting of a water-holding gel and a hydrophobic porous film. CONSTITUTION:In a battery 1 wherein an air pole 5 the active material of which is oxygen is arranged inside a positive electrode vessel 2 provided with air holes 21, a composite film 7 consisting of a hydrophobic porous film 72 and a water-holding porous film 71 is interposed in a clearance between the air pole 5 and the positive electrode vessel 2. Multiple through-holes may be piercingly provided in the water-holding gel. The water-holding gel 71 may be arranged on air holes 21 side and the hydrophobic porous film 72 on the air pole 5 side, respectively. An air diffusion porous body may also be interposed in the clearance between the water-holding gel 71 and the hydrophobic porous film 72. Further, a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film 9 may be arranged adjacent to the air pole 5.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は電池に係り、その目的
は湿度等外気の環境条件が変化しても電池内の重量変化
や電池の持つ作動電圧等の変化が小さく、環境変化によ
る影響を受けにくい重負荷放電特性と高低湿の雰囲気下
での長期放電特性を兼ね備えた電池の提供にある。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery, and its object is to reduce the influence of the environmental change even if the environmental conditions of the outside air such as humidity are changed, and the change of the weight inside the battery and the operating voltage of the battery are small. It is to provide a battery having both a heavy load discharge characteristic that is difficult to receive and a long-term discharge characteristic in an atmosphere of high and low humidity.

【0002】[0002]

【発明の背景】現在、マンガン乾電池に代わる強力タイ
プの電池として「アルカリ電池」の使用が主流となって
きている。この「アルカリ電池」は電解液として30〜40
%の水酸化カリウムを用いたもので、モータ用やランプ
用電源として続けて使用でき、大電流の連続放電にも適
した高性能の電池であり、正極に用いる活性物質の種類
により「酸化銀電池」、「アルカリマンガン電池」、或
いは「水銀電池」などに分別される。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, the use of "alkaline batteries" is becoming the mainstream as a powerful type battery replacing manganese dry batteries. This "alkaline battery" has an electrolyte of 30-40
% Of potassium hydroxide, it is a high-performance battery that can be continuously used as a power source for motors and lamps and is suitable for continuous discharge of large current. Batteries "," alkaline manganese batteries ", or" mercury batteries "are classified.

【0003】しかし、これらアルカリ電池においても種
々の問題が存在した。つまり、「酸化銀電池」では原料
とされる「銀」の価格の変動が大きいため、長期に渡っ
て安定した供給ができないという問題があり、また「ア
ルカリマンガン電池」では、使用している間に次第に電
圧が低下してくるといった問題があった。一方「水銀電
池」は、「酸化銀電池」や「アルカリマンガン電池」に
比べると容量が大きく、しかも放電すると正極の水銀が
還元されて内部抵抗が下がるので「酸化銀電池」より電
圧を一定に保ちやすいといった優れた性能を有するが、
使用済電池の回収方法や焼却処理などに充分な注意が必
要とされ、環境汚染上の問題から、この製造が控えられ
てきているのが現状である。そこで近年では水銀などの
重金属をほとんど使用せず、環境汚染等の問題のない電
池として、酸素を活性物質とする「燃料電池」や「空気
電池」に着目されるようになってきている。
However, these alkaline batteries also have various problems. In other words, the "silver oxide battery" has a problem that the price of "silver", which is a raw material, fluctuates so much that a stable supply cannot be provided over a long period of time. However, there was a problem that the voltage gradually decreased. On the other hand, the "mercury battery" has a larger capacity than the "silver oxide battery" and "alkaline manganese battery", and moreover, when discharged, mercury in the positive electrode is reduced and the internal resistance decreases, so the voltage is more constant than the "silver oxide battery". It has excellent performance that it is easy to keep,
Due to the problem of environmental pollution, it is the current situation that the production of such batteries has been refrained from due to the environmental pollution problem. Therefore, in recent years, attention has been paid to “fuel cells” and “air cells” that use oxygen as an active substance, as batteries that hardly use heavy metals such as mercury and have no problem of environmental pollution.

【0004】[0004]

【従来の技術】この「燃料電池」は、負極に送り込む水
素を燃料として、正極に送り込む酸素を酸化剤として電
解液の中で反応させる仕組みになっており、宇宙開発や
海底作業などの用途において非常に注目されている次世
代型の電池である。また、「空気電池」は前記した「燃
料電池」の負極の水素を亜鉛とした半燃料型のボタン電
池であり、図9に示すように内部に空気を拡散させる拡
散紙(k) 、空気の出入りを制御し、漏液の防止を行う撥
水膜(c) 、空気極(b) 、セロハンセパレーター(s) が配
設された正極容器(p) と、電解液と亜鉛粉末との混合体
からなる負極亜鉛(z) が設けられた負極容器(m) とがそ
れぞれガスケット(g) を介して封口された構成とされて
いる。この空気電池(E)では、正極容器(p) の底部に空
気孔(a) が設けられており、この空気孔(a) のシール
(t) を剥がして、空気を自然に取り入れ、その酸素を活
性物質として使用するものであった。
2. Description of the Related Art This "fuel cell" has a mechanism in which hydrogen sent to the negative electrode is used as a fuel and oxygen sent to the positive electrode is reacted in an electrolytic solution as an oxidant, and is used in applications such as space development and undersea work. It is a next-generation battery that has received a great deal of attention. The “air cell” is a semi-fuel type button cell in which hydrogen in the negative electrode of the “fuel cell” is zinc, and as shown in FIG. 9, a diffusion paper (k) for diffusing air inside, A positive electrode container (p) with a water-repellent film (c) that controls entry and exit to prevent liquid leakage, an air electrode (b), and a cellophane separator (s), and a mixture of electrolyte and zinc powder. And a negative electrode container (m) provided with a negative electrode zinc (z) composed of (1) and (2) are respectively sealed via a gasket (g). In this air battery (E), an air hole (a) is provided at the bottom of the positive electrode container (p), and the air hole (a) is sealed.
The (t) was peeled off, air was taken in naturally, and the oxygen was used as an active substance.

【0005】このような構成からなる空気電池(E)は、
高エネルギー密度を有した優れた電池であったが、空気
を取り入れる開口部(空気孔(a) )が設けられているた
め、蒸気圧の変化に応じて電解液が水蒸気として出入り
してしまい、外部環境変化による影響を受けやすく、特
に湿度の変化が電池の性能に大きく影響を与えてしまう
という欠点が存在した。つまり、電解液の持つ相対湿度
より外部の相対湿度の方が高い場合には、外気の湿気が
電池内に取り込まれてしまうため電解液濃度が低下し、
放電性能の低下、電解液の漏液等が生じてしまい、逆に
外部の相対湿度が電解液の相対湿度以下の場合には電解
液の蒸発が起こり、電池内内部抵抗が増大し電池寿命
(長期間放置した後の電池特性)が劣るなどの課題が生
じていた。あるいは、空気中の炭酸ガスの侵入により炭
酸塩が生成されてしまい、放電特性が著しく低下してし
まう場合も存在した。
The air battery (E) having such a structure is
Although it was an excellent battery with a high energy density, since the opening (air hole (a)) for taking in air was provided, the electrolytic solution went in and out as water vapor depending on the change in vapor pressure, There is a drawback in that it is easily affected by changes in the external environment, and in particular, changes in humidity greatly affect the performance of the battery. In other words, when the relative humidity of the outside is higher than the relative humidity of the electrolyte, the humidity of the outside air is taken into the battery and the concentration of the electrolyte decreases,
When the external relative humidity is less than or equal to the relative humidity of the electrolyte due to deterioration of discharge performance, leakage of the electrolyte, etc., on the contrary, evaporation of the electrolyte occurs and the internal resistance in the battery increases and battery life ( Problems such as inferior battery characteristics after being left for a long time have occurred. Alternatively, there is a case where a carbonate is generated due to the invasion of carbon dioxide gas in the air, and the discharge characteristics are significantly deteriorated.

【0006】そこで、このような相対湿度等外部環境に
よる影響を軽減させるため、例えば空気孔(a) の周辺に
電解液と反応する物質を挿入したり、不織布等の電解液
吸収材料を設けて電解液の外部への流出を防止する手段
が用いられていた。しかし、これら手段では相対湿度等
の外部環境による電池への影響を効果的に防止できるこ
とはできなかった。
Therefore, in order to reduce the influence of the external environment such as the relative humidity, for example, a substance that reacts with the electrolytic solution is inserted around the air hole (a), or an electrolytic solution absorbing material such as a non-woven fabric is provided. A means for preventing the electrolytic solution from flowing out has been used. However, these means could not effectively prevent the influence of the external environment such as relative humidity on the battery.

【0007】また、最近では酸素を選択的に透過させる
疎水性の高分子膜や金属薄膜により空気孔(a) を閉塞し
て、空気極(b) に酸素を選択的に供給せんとする技術も
試みられるようになってきている。
[0007] Recently, a technique for selectively supplying oxygen to the air electrode (b) by blocking the air hole (a) with a hydrophobic polymer film or metal thin film that selectively permeates oxygen. Is also being tried.

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、一般に
高分子のフィルムや膜では、酸素よりも水蒸気をよく透
過させる性質があり、親水性の素材はもちろん、フッ素
樹脂のような疎水性の素材さえも選択的に水蒸気を通す
傾向にある。従って、酸素透過性を向上させるため薄膜
化したり、シリコン樹脂のような酸素透過性の高い高分
子膜を用いても、やはり水蒸気の方が酸素よりも多く透
過されてしまう結果となっていた。そのため、このよう
な膜を電池に用いた場合、前記したように、電池内外に
おける水蒸気の透過が避けられないため、たとえ活性物
質である酸素を多く取り入れて高い電流値を得ようとし
ても、長期保存性や寿命、放電特性などの性質が低下し
てしまうという課題が存在した。そこで業界では、水蒸
気の透過を抑制し、選択的に酸素のみを透過させること
ができ、且つ湿度等の外気の環境条件が変化しても優れ
た特性を示すことのできる電池の創出が望まれていた。
However, in general, a polymer film or membrane has a property of allowing water vapor to permeate better than oxygen, so that not only hydrophilic materials but also hydrophobic materials such as fluororesins can be used. It tends to selectively pass water vapor. Therefore, even if the film is thinned to improve the oxygen permeability or a polymer film having a high oxygen permeability such as a silicon resin is used, the water vapor is still more permeable than oxygen. Therefore, when such a membrane is used in a battery, as described above, permeation of water vapor inside and outside the battery is unavoidable, so even if a large amount of oxygen, which is an active substance, is taken in to obtain a high current value, There has been a problem that properties such as storability, life, and discharge characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, in the industry, it is desired to create a battery that can suppress the permeation of water vapor, selectively permeate only oxygen, and exhibit excellent characteristics even when the environmental conditions of the outside air such as humidity change. Was there.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】この発明では空気孔が設
けられてなる正極容器の内側に酸素を活性物質とする空
気極が配設されてなる電池であって、前記空気極と正極
容器との間隙には疎水性の多孔質膜と保水性ゲルからな
る複合膜が介在されてなることを特徴とする電池を提供
することにより上記従来の課題を悉く解消する。
According to the present invention, there is provided a battery in which an air electrode having oxygen as an active substance is provided inside a positive electrode container having an air hole, the air electrode and the positive electrode container. By providing a battery in which a composite film made of a hydrophobic porous film and a water-retaining gel is interposed in the gap, the conventional problems described above are solved.

【0010】[0010]

【作用】保水性ゲルを耐アルカリ性に優れた疎水性の多
孔質膜に複合させた複合膜を正極容器内側と空気極との
間隙に配設することにより、アルカリ電解液による影響
が小さく、且つ外気からの水蒸気の電池内への流入が遮
断され、水蒸気の透過が阻止されるとともに、電池用と
しての十分な酸素透過速度が発現され、重負荷において
も優れた実用性能と安定した長期保存性が得られる。保
水性ゲルに多孔性を付与したり、或いは複数の透過孔を
穿設した場合には酸素透過性がより向上される。保水性
ゲルを空気孔側に配設し、疎水性の多孔質膜を空気極側
に配設させることにより、複合膜がアルカリ電解液によ
る影響を受けず、好適な電池特性を発現させることがで
きる。保水性ゲルの正極容器内側及び空気極側にそれぞ
れ疎水性の多孔質膜を複合させた場合にはより効果的な
電池特性を発現させることができる。保水性ゲルと疎水
性の多孔質膜との間隙に空気拡散多孔体を介在させた場
合には酸素をより効率良く空気極に送り込むことができ
る。疎水性の多孔質膜と空気拡散多孔体とを積層させた
場合には前記した耐アルカリ性の性能と酸素透過性とが
より好適に発現される。空気極にフッ素樹脂製多孔膜を
隣設させると、より高い撥水性が発現され、水蒸気の透
過を効果的に遮断することができる。疎水性の多孔質膜
をポリオレフィン系樹脂、フッ素樹脂等の耐アルカリ性
樹脂から形成させた場合には、水蒸気の透過を抑え、且
つ電解液の影響を受けずに膜の機能を発現させることが
できる。
[Function] By arranging a composite film in which a water-retaining gel is combined with a hydrophobic porous film having excellent alkali resistance in the gap between the inside of the positive electrode container and the air electrode, the influence of the alkaline electrolyte is small, and The inflow of water vapor from the outside air into the battery is blocked, the permeation of water vapor is blocked, and a sufficient oxygen permeation rate for the battery is developed. Excellent practical performance and stable long-term storage stability even under heavy load. Is obtained. When the water-retaining gel is made porous or a plurality of permeation holes are formed, the oxygen permeability is further improved. By arranging the water-retaining gel on the air hole side and the hydrophobic porous membrane on the air electrode side, the composite membrane is not affected by the alkaline electrolyte and can exhibit suitable battery characteristics. it can. When a hydrophobic porous membrane is combined inside the positive electrode container and the air electrode side of the water-retaining gel, more effective battery characteristics can be exhibited. When an air diffusion porous body is interposed in the gap between the water retentive gel and the hydrophobic porous membrane, oxygen can be more efficiently sent to the air electrode. When the hydrophobic porous membrane and the air diffusion porous body are laminated, the alkali resistance performance and oxygen permeability described above are more suitably exhibited. When a fluororesin porous membrane is provided adjacent to the air electrode, higher water repellency is exhibited, and the permeation of water vapor can be effectively blocked. When the hydrophobic porous membrane is formed from an alkali resistant resin such as a polyolefin resin or a fluororesin, it is possible to suppress the permeation of water vapor and to exhibit the function of the membrane without being affected by the electrolytic solution. ..

【0011】[0011]

【発明の構成】以下、この発明に係る電池の構成を図面
に基づいて説明する。図1はこの発明に係る電池の一実
施例を示した模式断面説明図であり、図示するように空
気孔(21)が設けられた正極容器(2) と負極亜鉛(31)が内
填された負極容器(3) とがガスケット(4) を介して封口
されている。正極容器(2) の内側には空気極(5) 、セパ
レータ(6) が設けられており、空気孔(21)を介して取り
入れられた空気中の酸素が活性物質とされる。(7) は疎
水性の多孔質膜(72)と保水性ゲル(71)からなる複合膜で
ある。
The structure of the battery according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing an embodiment of a battery according to the present invention, in which a positive electrode container (2) provided with an air hole (21) and a negative electrode zinc (31) are filled. The negative electrode container (3) is sealed via the gasket (4). An air electrode (5) and a separator (6) are provided inside the positive electrode container (2), and oxygen in the air taken in through the air hole (21) is used as an active substance. (7) is a composite membrane composed of a hydrophobic porous membrane (72) and a water-retaining gel (71).

【0012】この発明において疎水性の多孔質膜(72)と
しては、材質や孔径などは特に限定されず、酸素の透過
速度が充分に速く、孔より電解液が流出しないものであ
ればいずれのものでも使用されるが、ポリエチレン(P
E)、ポリプロピレン(PP)等のポリオレフィン系樹
脂、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレ
ン共重合体(FEP)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン
(PTFE)等のフッ素系樹脂、ポリスルホン(P
S)、ポリフェニルスルホン(PPS)等の耐アルカリ
性樹脂などが好適な実施例として例示される。
In the present invention, the hydrophobic porous membrane (72) is not particularly limited in material, pore diameter, etc., as long as the permeation rate of oxygen is sufficiently high and the electrolytic solution does not flow out from the pores. Polyethylene (P
E), polyolefin resin such as polypropylene (PP), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), fluorine resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfone (P
S), alkali-resistant resins such as polyphenyl sulfone (PPS), and the like are exemplified as suitable examples.

【0013】保水性ゲル(71)としては、ポリアクリル
酸、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド或いは
これらの2種以上を組み合わせたもの等が好適な実施例
として例示されるが、特に限定はされない。このような
保水性ゲル(71)は架橋された構造を持ち、さらにポリマ
ー主鎖の極性基の作用によりゲルに保水性が発現され
る。保水性ゲル(71)は酸素の透過速度が充分に速けれ
ば、多孔性を有していても、或いは複数の透過孔が穿設
されていてもよく、特に限定はされない。保水性ゲル(7
1)の大部分は耐アルカリ性を有していないが、この発明
では前記した疎水性の多孔質膜(72)と複合させることに
より、電解液のアルカリ水溶液の影響を受けず、好適な
電池特性を発現させることが可能となる。このような保
水性ゲルの製法としては、放射線や光、熱等種々の手段
が用いられ、いずれの手段によっても同様な作用を持つ
保水性ゲルが得られる。
As the water-retaining gel (71), polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, or a combination of two or more of them is exemplified as a preferable example, but it is not particularly limited. Such a water-retaining gel (71) has a cross-linked structure, and the water-retaining gel is expressed in the gel by the action of the polar group of the polymer main chain. The water-retaining gel (71) may be porous or may have a plurality of permeation holes provided that the oxygen permeation rate is sufficiently high, and is not particularly limited. Water retention gel (7
Most of 1) does not have alkali resistance, but in the present invention, by combining with the above-mentioned hydrophobic porous membrane (72), it is not affected by the alkaline aqueous solution of the electrolytic solution and has favorable battery characteristics. Can be expressed. As a method for producing such a water-retaining gel, various means such as radiation, light and heat are used, and any of the means can obtain a water-retaining gel having a similar action.

【0014】この発明において前記した疎水性の多孔質
膜(72)と保水性ゲル(71)との複合膜(7) は、図1に示す
ように保水性ゲル(71)を空気孔(21)側に、疎水性の多孔
質膜(72)を空気極(5) に隣設するよう配置される。この
理由は、耐アルカリ性に優れた疎水性の多孔質膜(72)に
よるアルカリ電解液の影響を防止するためである。
In the present invention, the composite membrane (7) of the hydrophobic porous membrane (72) and the water-retaining gel (71) described above has a water-retaining gel (71) with air holes (21) as shown in FIG. ) Side, the hydrophobic porous membrane (72) is arranged adjacent to the air electrode (5). The reason for this is to prevent the influence of the alkaline electrolyte by the hydrophobic porous membrane (72) having excellent alkali resistance.

【0015】また、この発明の複合膜(7) では、図2に
示すように前記疎水性の多孔質膜(72)が保水性ゲル(71)
の正極容器(2)内側及び空気極(5)側にそれぞれ複合され
る構成としてもよく、或いは図3乃至図4に示すように
保水性ゲル(71)と疎水性の多孔質膜(72)との間隙に不織
布等の空気拡散多孔体(8) を介在させて、酸素の透過性
をより向上させてもよい。この際に、疎水性の多孔質膜
(72)と空気拡散多孔体(8) とを積層して一体化させてお
いてもよく、特に限定はされない。或いは図5乃至図8
に示すように撥水性の高いフッ素樹脂製多孔膜(9)を空
気極(5) に隣設させ、水蒸気の透過性をより効果的に遮
断させる構造としてもよく、電池の用途、性能等に応じ
て適宜設定すればよい。
In the composite membrane (7) of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the hydrophobic porous membrane (72) is a water-retaining gel (71).
The positive electrode container (2) inside and the air electrode (5) side may be combined with each other, or as shown in FIGS. 3 to 4, a water-retaining gel (71) and a hydrophobic porous membrane (72). The air permeability may be further improved by interposing an air diffusion porous body (8) such as a non-woven fabric in the gap between and. At this time, the hydrophobic porous membrane
The (72) and the air diffusion porous body (8) may be laminated and integrated, and there is no particular limitation. Alternatively, FIGS.
As shown in Fig. 5, a highly water-repellent fluororesin porous membrane (9) may be placed adjacent to the air electrode (5) to more effectively block the permeability of water vapor. It may be set appropriately according to the situation.

【0016】[0016]

【実施例】以下、この発明に係る電池の効果を実施例に
より、一層明確に説明する。 (実施例1)疎水性多孔質膜としてポリテトラフルオロ
エチレン(厚み70μm)を、空気拡散多孔体としてはポリ
プロピレン不織布(厚み 150μm)を用いて積層して一体
化させた。これに予め熱によって架橋させたポリアクリ
ル酸ゲルを保水性ゲルとして用い、貼り合わせて複合膜
を作成した。この複合膜を図3に示す電池と同様に設計
された(直径35mm、高さ13mm)電池に、保水性ゲル
を空気孔側に、疎水性多孔質膜を空気極側に配設して実
施例1の電池とした。
EXAMPLES The effects of the battery according to the present invention will be described more clearly below with reference to examples. (Example 1) Polytetrafluoroethylene (thickness 70 µm) was used as a hydrophobic porous membrane, and polypropylene nonwoven fabric (thickness 150 µm) was used as an air diffusion porous body to be integrated. A polyacrylic acid gel preliminarily cross-linked with heat was used as a water-retaining gel and laminated to form a composite film. This composite membrane was designed in the same manner as the battery shown in FIG. 3 (diameter 35 mm, height 13 mm), and the water-retentive gel was placed on the air hole side and the hydrophobic porous membrane was placed on the air electrode side. The battery of Example 1 was used.

【0017】(実施例2)保水性ゲルとして予め紫外線
によって架橋させたポリアクリルアミドゲルを用いた以
外は実施例1と同様の複合膜を作成し、実施例1と同様
の電池に同様に配設して実施例2の電池とした。 (実施例3)保水性ゲルとして予め架橋させたポリビニ
ルアルコールを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の複合膜を
作成し、実施例1と同様の電池に実施例1と同様に設し
て実施例3の電池とした。
(Example 2) A composite membrane similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that a polyacrylamide gel that had been cross-linked in advance by ultraviolet rays was used as the water-retaining gel, and the composite membrane was disposed in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, the battery of Example 2 was obtained. (Example 3) A composite membrane similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that pre-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol was used as the water-retaining gel, and the same battery as in Example 1 was placed in the same manner as in Example 1 to carry out. The battery of Example 3 was used.

【0018】(実施例4)実施例1で作成した複合膜の
空気孔側にポリテトラフルオロエチレン多孔膜を貼り合
わせた以外は実施例1と同様の電池に実施例1と同様に
配設して実施例4の電池とした。 (実施例5)実施例2で作成した複合膜の空気孔側にポ
リテトラフルオロエチレン多孔膜を貼り合わせた以外は
実施例1と同様の電池に実施例1と同様に配設して実施
例5の電池とした。 (実施例6)実施例4で作成した複合膜の空気孔側にポ
リテトラフルオロエチレン多孔膜を貼り合わせた以外は
実施例1と同様の電池に実施例1と同様に配設して実施
例6の電池とした。
(Example 4) A battery similar to that of Example 1 was arranged in the same battery as that of Example 1 except that a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film was attached to the air hole side of the composite film prepared in Example 1. To obtain the battery of Example 4. (Example 5) A battery similar to that of Example 1 except that a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film was attached to the air hole side of the composite film prepared in Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 A battery of 5 was used. (Example 6) The same battery as in Example 1 except that a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film was attached to the air hole side of the composite film prepared in Example 4 in the same manner as in Example 1 The battery of No. 6 was used.

【0019】(比較例1)保水性ゲルの代わりに、ポリ
テトラフルオロエチレンからなる多孔質膜を用いた以外
は実施例1と同様に作成して比較例1の電池とした。 (比較例2)複合膜として、ポリジメチルシロキサン薄
膜とポリイミド多孔質膜との複合膜を用いた以外は実施
例1と同様に作成して比較例2の電池とした。
Comparative Example 1 A battery of Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a porous membrane made of polytetrafluoroethylene was used instead of the water-retaining gel. (Comparative Example 2) A battery of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a composite film of a polydimethylsiloxane thin film and a polyimide porous film was used as the composite film.

【0020】[0020]

【試験例】前記実施例1乃至6及び比較例1乃至2にて
得られた電池についてそれぞれ以下の各項目について試
験した。 湿度60%/25℃、負荷130Ωの条件における連続放電
持続時間(hr)及び平均作動電圧(V) 。 湿度35%/25℃及び湿度80%/25℃下でそれぞれ長期
( 1500時間)保存した後の、電池内の水分の出入りによ
る電池の重量変化(mg)及び作動電圧(V) 。 この結果を表1に示す。
Test Example The batteries obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested for the following items. Continuous discharge duration (hr) and average operating voltage (V) under conditions of humidity 60% / 25 ° C and load 130Ω. Long-term under humidity 35% / 25 ℃ and humidity 80% / 25 ℃
(1,500 hours) The change in battery weight (mg) and operating voltage (V) due to moisture in and out of the battery after storage. The results are shown in Table 1.

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0021】[0021]

【発明の効果】以上詳述した如く、この発明は空気孔が
設けられてなる正極容器の内側に酸素を活性物質とする
空気極が配設されてなる電池であって、前記空気極と正
極容器との間隙には疎水性の多孔質膜と保水性ゲルから
なる複合膜が介在されてなることを特徴とする電池であ
るから、前記実施例からも明らかな如く、疎水性の多孔
質膜と保水性ゲルからなる複合膜により、電池内外への
水蒸気の透過が阻止され且つ酸素のみを効率よく透過さ
せることが明らかであり、重負荷における良好な放電特
性と高低湿の雰囲気下での長期放電特性といった優れた
実用性を示し、安定した長期保存性が可能な電池となる
優れた効果を奏する。さらに保水性ゲルに多孔性を付与
したり、或いは複数の透過孔を穿設した構成とすること
により酸素透過性がより向上され、また保水性ゲルを空
気孔側に、疎水性の多孔質膜を空気極側に配設させる構
成とすることにより、複合膜がアルカリ電解液による影
響を受けず、好適な電池特性を発現させることができ
る。保水性ゲルの正極容器内側及び空気極側にそれぞれ
疎水性の多孔質膜を複合させた構成とすることにより、
効果的な電池特性を発現させることができる。保水性ゲ
ルと疎水性の多孔質膜との間隙に空気拡散多孔体を介在
させる構成とすることにより、酸素をより効率良く空気
極に送り込むことができる。疎水性の多孔質膜と空気拡
散多孔体とを積層させる構成とすることにより前記した
耐アルカリ性の性能と酸素透過性とがより好適に発現さ
れる。空気極にフッ素樹脂製多孔膜を隣設させる構成と
することにより高い撥水性が発現され、水蒸気の透過を
効果的に遮断することができる。疎水性の多孔質膜をポ
リオレフィン系樹脂又はフッ素系樹脂或いは耐アルカリ
性樹脂から形成させた場合には水蒸気の透過を抑え、且
つ電解液の影響を受けずに膜の機能を発現させることが
できるという優れた効果を奏する。
As described in detail above, the present invention is a battery in which an air electrode having oxygen as an active substance is disposed inside a positive electrode container having air holes, wherein the air electrode and the positive electrode are Since the battery is characterized in that a hydrophobic porous film and a composite film composed of a water-retaining gel are interposed in the gap between the container and the container, as is apparent from the above examples, the hydrophobic porous film is It is clear that the composite membrane consisting of water-retaining gel and water vapor prevents the permeation of water vapor into and out of the battery and allows only oxygen to permeate efficiently. It has good discharge characteristics under heavy load and long-term operation under high and low humidity atmosphere. It exhibits excellent practicality such as discharge characteristics, and has an excellent effect of becoming a battery capable of stable long-term storage. Further, by imparting porosity to the water-retaining gel or by arranging a plurality of permeation holes, the oxygen permeability is further improved, and the water-retaining gel is placed on the air hole side to form a hydrophobic porous membrane. By arranging on the air electrode side, the composite membrane is not affected by the alkaline electrolyte, and suitable battery characteristics can be exhibited. By adopting a configuration in which a hydrophobic porous film is compounded inside the positive electrode container and the air electrode side of the water-retaining gel, respectively,
It is possible to develop effective battery characteristics. With the structure in which the air diffusion porous body is interposed in the gap between the water retentive gel and the hydrophobic porous membrane, oxygen can be more efficiently sent to the air electrode. With the structure in which the hydrophobic porous membrane and the air diffusion porous body are laminated, the above-mentioned alkali resistance performance and oxygen permeability are more suitably expressed. By arranging the fluororesin porous film adjacent to the air electrode, high water repellency is exhibited, and the permeation of water vapor can be effectively blocked. When a hydrophobic porous membrane is formed from a polyolefin resin, a fluorine resin or an alkali resistant resin, it is possible to suppress the permeation of water vapor and to exhibit the function of the membrane without being affected by the electrolytic solution. It has an excellent effect.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】この発明に係る電池の一実施例を示した模式断
面説明図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing an embodiment of a battery according to the present invention.

【図2】この発明に係る電池の第一変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a first modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図3】この発明に係る電池の第二変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a second modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図4】この発明に係る電池の第三変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a third modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図5】この発明に係る電池の第四変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a fourth modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図6】この発明に係る電池の第五変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a fifth modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図7】この発明に係る電池の第六変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a sixth modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図8】この発明に係る電池の第七変更例を示した模式
断面説明図である。
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a seventh modified example of the battery according to the present invention.

【図9】従来の電池を示した模式断面説明図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a conventional battery.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 電池 2 正極容器 21 空気孔 5 空気極 7 複合膜 71 保水性ゲル 72 疎水性の多孔質膜 8 空気拡散多孔体 9 フッ素樹脂製多孔膜 1 Battery 2 Positive Electrode Container 21 Air Hole 5 Air Electrode 7 Composite Membrane 71 Water Retaining Gel 72 Hydrophobic Porous Membrane 8 Air Diffusing Porous Body 9 Fluororesin Porous Membrane

Claims (9)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 空気孔が設けられてなる正極容器の内側
に酸素を活性物質とする空気極が配設されてなる電池で
あって、前記空気極と正極容器との間隙には疎水性の多
孔質膜と保水性ゲルからなる複合膜が介在されてなるこ
とを特徴とする電池。
1. A battery in which an air electrode having oxygen as an active substance is disposed inside a positive electrode container having air holes, and a hydrophobic electrode is provided in a gap between the air electrode and the positive electrode container. A battery comprising a porous film and a composite film composed of a water-retaining gel interposed therebetween.
【請求項2】 前記保水性ゲルが多孔性であることを特
徴とする請求項1に記載の電池。
2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining gel is porous.
【請求項3】 前記保水性ゲルに複数の透過孔が穿設さ
れてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電池。
3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining gel has a plurality of perforations.
【請求項4】 前記保水性ゲルが空気孔側に、前記疎水
性の多孔質膜が空気極側に配設されてなることを特徴と
する請求項1乃至3に記載記載の電池。
4. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining gel is disposed on the air hole side and the hydrophobic porous membrane is disposed on the air electrode side.
【請求項5】 前記疎水性の多孔質膜が前記保水性ゲル
の正極容器内側及び空気極側に複合されてなることを特
徴とする請求項1乃至3に記載の電池。
5. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic porous membrane is compounded inside the positive electrode container and the air electrode side of the water-retaining gel.
【請求項6】 前記疎水性の多孔質膜と保水性ゲルとの
間隙に空気拡散多孔体が介在されてなることを特徴とす
る請求項1乃至5に記載の電池。
6. The battery according to claim 1, wherein an air diffusion porous body is interposed in a gap between the hydrophobic porous membrane and the water-retaining gel.
【請求項7】 前記疎水性の多孔質膜に空気拡散多孔体
が積層されてなることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電
池。
7. The battery according to claim 6, wherein an air diffusion porous body is laminated on the hydrophobic porous membrane.
【請求項8】 前記空気極にフッ素樹脂製多孔膜が隣設
されてなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7に記載の電
池。
8. The battery according to claim 1, wherein a fluororesin porous film is provided adjacent to the air electrode.
【請求項9】 前記疎水性の多孔質膜がポリオレフィン
系樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリスルホンあるいはポリフェニ
ルスルホンの少なくとも一種以上の耐アルカリ性樹脂か
らなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8に記載の電池。
9. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic porous film is made of at least one alkali resistant resin of polyolefin resin, fluororesin, polysulfone or polyphenylsulfone.
JP4148683A 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Battery Pending JPH05326036A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4148683A JPH05326036A (en) 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4148683A JPH05326036A (en) 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05326036A true JPH05326036A (en) 1993-12-10

Family

ID=15458269

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4148683A Pending JPH05326036A (en) 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH05326036A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008096669A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Sony Corporation Fuel cell and electronic equipment comprising the fuel cell
US9276301B2 (en) 2012-12-07 2016-03-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Polymeric compound, oxygen permeable membrane, and electrochemical device
US9343786B2 (en) 2012-12-10 2016-05-17 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electrochemical device
WO2022172985A1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-18 大日本印刷株式会社 Gasket member for solid polymer fuel cell, electrode-electrolyte membrane laminate with gasket member, and solid polymer fuel cell

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008096669A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Sony Corporation Fuel cell and electronic equipment comprising the fuel cell
US9276301B2 (en) 2012-12-07 2016-03-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Polymeric compound, oxygen permeable membrane, and electrochemical device
US9343786B2 (en) 2012-12-10 2016-05-17 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electrochemical device
WO2022172985A1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-18 大日本印刷株式会社 Gasket member for solid polymer fuel cell, electrode-electrolyte membrane laminate with gasket member, and solid polymer fuel cell
JP7151951B1 (en) * 2021-02-10 2022-10-12 大日本印刷株式会社 Gasket member for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, electrode-electrolyte membrane laminate with gasket member, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell

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