JPH05317428A - Heating/humidifying apparatus with dew formation sensor - Google Patents
Heating/humidifying apparatus with dew formation sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05317428A JPH05317428A JP15604492A JP15604492A JPH05317428A JP H05317428 A JPH05317428 A JP H05317428A JP 15604492 A JP15604492 A JP 15604492A JP 15604492 A JP15604492 A JP 15604492A JP H05317428 A JPH05317428 A JP H05317428A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- gas
- heater
- patient
- humidifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Air Humidification (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は人工呼吸器をはじめ、間
欠的陽圧呼吸器、麻酔器、酸素療法用流量計など、すべ
ての加湿を必要とする医療用器具に組み込むことのでき
る結露センサー付加温加湿器に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dew sensor which can be incorporated in all kinds of medical instruments requiring humidification such as a ventilator, an intermittent positive pressure respirator, anesthesia machine, and a flow meter for oxygen therapy. The present invention relates to an additional temperature humidifier.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】人工呼吸器等から供給される吸入ガス
は、乾燥した室温のガスで、そのまま患者に吸入させる
と気管支や肺胞の傷害をおこす。そこで、通常は加温加
湿器を用いて乾燥した低温のガスが供給されるのを防い
でいる。2. Description of the Related Art Inhalation gas supplied from a ventilator or the like is dry room temperature gas, which causes bronchus and alveoli injury when inhaled by a patient as it is. Therefore, usually, a heating humidifier is used to prevent the supply of dry low-temperature gas.
【０００３】先ず図１２に示すものはホースヒーターを
内蔵せず、加湿のコントロールを積極的に行っていない
加温加湿器であるが、水槽ＡがヒーターＢによって加温
されている。ヒーターＢはバイメタル式サーモスタット
などによって温度コントロールされている。サーモスタ
ットは、温度調節つまみＣで調節できるようになってお
り、水温を変えることができる。湿度のコントロールは
特に行っていない。この加温加湿器は人工呼吸器等のそ
ばに置かれ、患者までは１．５〜２ｍ程の吸気蛇管Ｄに
よって接続されている。通常、室温は吸入ガス温度より
も低いため、吸気蛇管内の吸入ガスは外気によって冷却
される。飽和水蒸気量は温度が低くなるほど低下する。
そのため、水蒸気で飽和して加湿器をでた高温の吸入ガ
スは、冷却されるとそれまで含むことのできた水蒸気を
含むことができなくなる。加湿器出口温度での飽和水蒸
気量と冷却後の温度での飽和水蒸気量の差に相当する水
蒸気は液体となり、吸気蛇管内に結露する。患者の口元
に達する時には、吸入ガスの温度は低下し、絶対湿度も
結露として失った分だけ低下する。図１２では、５０℃
で８２．７ｍｇ／Ｌの水蒸気を含んで飽和している吸入
ガスが、吸気蛇管Ｄで３２℃まで冷却されると、その飽
和水蒸気量は３３．４ｍｇ／Ｌとなり、この飽和水蒸気
量の差に相当する４９．３ｍｇの水（吸入ガス１Ｌ当
り）が回路に結露する様子が示されている。患者に使用
する際には、温度低下、凝結水として失う水蒸気量を見
込み、患者口元に達する時に十分な加湿ができるよう水
槽のサーモスタット温度を高く設定する。そして加湿の
調節は、患者のそばに設けた吸気温度計を見ながらサー
モスタット温度の調整を医師が適宜行う。この加温加湿
器の長所は、吸入ガスが過飽和の状態から結露していく
ので、相対湿度は常に１００％である点である。したが
って、患者に達したときの吸入ガス温度がわかれば絶対
湿度も計算でき、温度を監視することで絶対湿度も保証
できることになる。一方欠点は、吸気蛇管の冷却は受動
的に行われる現象であるため、周囲の環境温度や吸入ガ
スの流量などに影響される点である。また、吸入ガス温
度をモニターしているといっても、連続的なフィードバ
ックコントロールではなく人手で行うオフラインコント
ロールなので、吸入気温度の管理にむらが生じ吸気温度
上昇による過剰加湿や温度低下による加湿不足の危険が
常に存在する。場合によっては高温の吸入ガスを長時間
吸うことで、体温上昇や気道熱傷を生じることもある。
大量に結露を生じる構造なので、凝結水の貯留による不
都合を多く生じる。First of all, the one shown in FIG. 12 is a warming humidifier which does not have a built-in hose heater and which does not actively control humidification, but a water tank A is heated by a heater B. The temperature of the heater B is controlled by a bimetal type thermostat or the like. The thermostat can be adjusted with the temperature control knob C, and the water temperature can be changed. No humidity control is performed. This heating / humidifying humidifier is placed near an artificial respirator or the like, and is connected to a patient by an inspiratory coil D of about 1.5 to 2 m. Normally, the room temperature is lower than the temperature of the intake gas, so the intake gas in the intake coil is cooled by the outside air. The saturated steam amount decreases as the temperature decreases.
Therefore, the high-temperature intake gas that has been saturated with water vapor and exited the humidifier cannot contain the water vapor that could have been contained until when it was cooled. The water vapor corresponding to the difference between the saturated water vapor amount at the humidifier outlet temperature and the saturated water vapor amount at the temperature after cooling becomes a liquid, and dew condensation occurs in the intake spiral pipe. When reaching the patient's mouth, the temperature of the inhaled gas drops and the absolute humidity also drops by the amount lost due to condensation. In Figure 12, 50 ℃
When saturated intake gas containing 82.7 mg / L of water vapor is cooled to 32 ° C. by the intake coil D, the saturated water vapor amount becomes 33.4 mg / L, It is shown that the equivalent 49.3 mg of water (per 1 L of inhaled gas) is condensed on the circuit. When used in patients, the temperature of the water tank should be set high to allow sufficient humidification when reaching the mouth of the patient, considering the temperature drop and the amount of water vapor lost as condensed water. To adjust the humidification, the doctor appropriately adjusts the thermostat temperature while looking at the intake thermometer provided near the patient. The advantage of this heating / humidifying device is that the relative humidity is always 100% because the suctioned gas is condensed from a supersaturated state. Therefore, if the inhaled gas temperature when reaching the patient is known, the absolute humidity can be calculated, and the absolute humidity can be guaranteed by monitoring the temperature. On the other hand, a drawback is that the cooling of the intake flexible pipe is a passively performed phenomenon, and is therefore influenced by the ambient environmental temperature and the flow rate of the intake gas. Also, even though the intake gas temperature is monitored, it is not a continuous feedback control but an offline control that is performed manually, so there is uneven management of the intake air temperature, and excessive humidification due to an increase in intake temperature or insufficient humidification due to a decrease in temperature. There is always the danger of. In some cases, long-term inhalation of high-temperature inhaled gas may cause rise in body temperature and airway burns.
Since the structure causes a large amount of dew condensation, there are many inconveniences due to the accumulation of condensed water.
【０００４】次に図１３に示すものはホースヒーターを
内蔵しないが、患者口元での吸入ガス温度をサーミスタ
ーＦで測定し、コントローラーＥを介してフィードバッ
クしてメインヒーターＢの温度調節を行う加温加湿器で
あるが、この加湿器の基本的な加湿の原理は前記図１２
のものと同様であるが、前記加湿器の問題点の一つであ
った患者口元での吸入ガス温度の制御をネガティブフィ
ードバックを用いて自動化することで、加湿の不確実さ
が解消されている。この加湿器では、確かに患者に供給
される吸入ガスの温度・湿度は安定したが、大量の凝結
水が生じることには変わりがない。Next, although the hose heater shown in FIG. 13 does not have a built-in hose heater, the temperature of the inhaled gas at the patient's mouth is measured by a thermistor F and fed back through the controller E to adjust the temperature of the main heater B. Although it is a warm humidifier, the basic principle of humidification of this humidifier is shown in FIG.
However, the uncertainty of humidification is solved by automating the control of the inhalation gas temperature at the patient's mouth, which was one of the problems of the humidifier, by using negative feedback. .. With this humidifier, the temperature and humidity of the inhaled gas supplied to the patient were stable, but a large amount of condensed water was still generated.
【０００５】更に図１４に示すものはホースヒーターを
内蔵した加温加湿器であるが、水槽モジュールＡとメイ
ンヒーターＢで水蒸気を発生することは前記２例の加湿
器と変わりがない。図１２の加温加湿器では、吸気蛇管
内で吸入ガスが冷却され、患者に達するときには温度・
湿度が保証されない欠点があり、それを改善するために
図１３の加温加湿器が開発された。しかし、大量の凝結
水が生じる欠点は残っていた。その凝結水を減少させる
ことを主目的として開発されたのがこの図１４のもので
ある。動作原理は、ホースヒーターＧとよばれる線状の
発熱体を吸気蛇管内に挿入して吸入ガスを保温すること
で、吸入ガスの温度低下を防ぎ結露を防止するというも
のである。図１４では、加湿器出口で３２℃で飽和した
吸入ガスが、ホースヒーターで保温されるためにそのま
まの温度・湿度を維持して患者まで達する様子が示され
ている。湿度コントロールの原理は、図１４のように加
湿器出口と患者口元の２カ所にサーミスターＦ、Ｈをそ
れぞれ置き、サーミスターＦの温度が希望温度となるよ
うにメインヒーターＢの出力が調節され、サーミスター
Ｈの温度がサーミスターＦの温度と等しくなるようにホ
ースヒーターＧの出力が調節されるようになっている。Further, the one shown in FIG. 14 is a humidifier having a built-in hose heater, but the generation of water vapor by the water tank module A and the main heater B is the same as that of the humidifiers of the above two examples. In the humidifier / humidifier of FIG. 12, the inhaled gas is cooled in the inspiratory coil, and when it reaches the patient, the temperature and
There is a drawback that the humidity is not guaranteed, and the warming humidifier of FIG. 13 was developed to improve it. However, the drawback of producing a large amount of condensed water remains. The one shown in FIG. 14 was developed mainly for the purpose of reducing the condensed water. The operating principle is that a linear heating element called a hose heater G is inserted into the intake flexible pipe to keep the temperature of the intake gas warm, thereby preventing the temperature of the intake gas from decreasing and preventing dew condensation. FIG. 14 shows that the inhaled gas saturated at 32 ° C. at the outlet of the humidifier reaches the patient while maintaining the temperature / humidity as it is because it is kept warm by the hose heater. The principle of humidity control is to place the thermistors F and H at the humidifier outlet and the patient mouth, respectively, as shown in Fig. 14, and adjust the output of the main heater B so that the temperature of the thermistor F reaches the desired temperature. The output of the hose heater G is adjusted so that the temperature of the thermistor H becomes equal to the temperature of the thermistor F.
【０００６】以上が、従来の加温加湿器を加湿コントロ
ールの観点から分類したものである。それぞれの長所短
所をまとめると、次のようになる。 （１）図１２のホースヒーターを内蔵せず加湿のコント
ロールは積極的に行っていない加湿器においては、相対
湿度は必ず１００％になるが、多量の凝結水を回路内に
生じる。また、相対湿度は１００％であっても、患者口
元の温度を絶えず監視していないと温度低下のための絶
対湿度低下、温度上昇のための過剰加湿、体温上昇、気
道熱傷の恐れがある。 （２）図１３のホースヒーターを内蔵しないが、患者口
元での吸入ガス温度をフィードバックしてメインヒータ
ーの温度調節を行う加湿器においては、相対湿度は１０
０％になり、患者口元の温度も一定に保たれているた
め、供給絶対湿度も一定になる。加湿の過不足、体温の
異常上昇、気道熱傷の危険もない。しかし、多量の凝結
水を回路内にやはり生じる。 （３）図１４のホースヒーターを内蔵した加湿器におい
ては、回路内の凝結水が生じずかつ湿度も保たれること
が多いが、大流量の吸入ガスに対する水槽本体の加湿能
力不足や、吸気蛇管の一部だけが空調のために冷却され
て水蒸気が凝結するなどの突発的な要因の為に、加湿不
足となることが多い。 いずれも一長一短であり、過剰でも良いから十分な加湿
が必要なときにはホースヒーターのない図１２、図１３
に示すもの、多少加湿不足でも良いから吸気回路内の凝
結水を減らしたいときには、ホースヒーター付きの図１
４に示すものと使い分けているのが現状である。The above is a classification of the conventional humidifiers from the viewpoint of humidification control. The advantages and disadvantages of each are summarized below. (1) In a humidifier in which the hose heater shown in FIG. 12 is not incorporated and the humidification is not actively controlled, the relative humidity is always 100%, but a large amount of condensed water is generated in the circuit. Further, even if the relative humidity is 100%, if the temperature around the patient's mouth is not constantly monitored, there is a risk of a decrease in absolute humidity due to a decrease in temperature, excessive humidification due to an increase in temperature, an increase in body temperature, and a burn of the respiratory tract. (2) Although the hose heater of FIG. 13 is not built-in, the relative humidity is 10 in the humidifier that feeds back the temperature of the inhaled gas at the mouth of the patient to adjust the temperature of the main heater.
Since it becomes 0% and the temperature around the patient's mouth is kept constant, the absolute humidity supplied also becomes constant. There is no risk of excessive or insufficient humidification, abnormal temperature rise, or airway burns. However, a large amount of condensed water still occurs in the circuit. (3) In the humidifier with a built-in hose heater shown in FIG. 14, condensed water in the circuit is often not generated and humidity is maintained, but insufficient humidification capacity of the water tank body against a large amount of intake gas and intake air Insufficient humidification is often caused by sudden factors such as condensation of water vapor due to cooling of only a part of the flexible pipe for air conditioning. Both have merits and demerits, and since excess may be sufficient, when sufficient humidification is required, there is no hose heater.
If you want to reduce the condensed water in the intake circuit as shown in Fig. 1, it may be a little insufficient humidification.
At present, it is used properly from those shown in 4.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】先ず、図１２に示すホ
ースヒーターを内蔵せず、加湿のコントロールは積極的
に行っていない加湿器は、吸入ガスが吸気蛇管中で外気
によって冷却されることを前提としている。したがっ
て、周囲の温度が低下すれば冷却がより強く行われ、最
終的に患者口元に達するときの温度は低下し、絶対湿度
が低下する。また、換気量が減少すれば、吸入ガスが吸
気蛇管内をゆっくり流れることになり、冷却される時間
が長くなる。この場合も患者に供給される吸入ガスの温
度は低下し、絶対湿度も低下する。吸入ガス温度が低下
すると、飽和水蒸気量も減少する。そのため、過剰とな
った水蒸気は液体になり、吸気蛇管内に凝結する。加湿
器本体と患者とが離れているために起こることだが、加
湿器のような大きなものを患者のすぐそばに置くことは
現実的に不可能である。この加湿器の場合、患者口元に
３２℃１００％水蒸気飽和の吸入ガスを送ろうとすると
加湿器出口では５０℃程度のガス温度を必要とする。ガ
ス温度５０℃相対湿度１００％の吸入ガス中には８２．
７ｍｇ／Ｌの水蒸気が含まれているが、患者に達すると
きに３２℃まで冷却されると、３２℃の飽和水蒸気量は
３３．４ｍｇ／Ｌなのでその差に相当する４９．３ｍｇ
が吸入ガス１Ｌ当たり回路内に凝結することになる。分
時換気量５Ｌ／分の人工呼吸では１分当たり２４７ｍ
ｇ、１時間当たり１４．８ｇの凝結水が貯留することに
なる。毎分３０Ｌの定常流を用いて持続的気道内陽圧法
（人工呼吸器を用いた呼吸管理の１方法）を行った場合
には、毎分１．４８ｇ、毎時８８．７ｇの凝結水を生じ
ることになる。回路内に凝結水が貯ると、吸気回路の内
腔が狭まり、回路抵抗が増す。これは、自発呼吸時に吸
気抵抗となって呼吸仕事量を増やし、患者の負担を増す
ことになる。貯留した水と加温された適度な温度は細菌
繁殖に好適な培地となる。患者の***交換や吸気蛇管を
動かした際に、貯留した水が吸入ガスの流れに乗って患
者の気管内に注入されることがあり、患者の呼吸・ガス
交換に支障を与える。このとき、貯留した水が細菌で汚
染されていれば、肺炎の原因となる。加湿用蒸留水の消
費も多くなって不経済であり、蒸留水の補充や蛇管内に
貯留した水を捨てる作業に必要な労力も多くなる。回路
内の水を捨てるときには回路をいったん外すこともあ
り、この間患者は呼吸ができなくなる。また、回路を外
すことは周囲からの細菌混入の機会を増やすことにもな
る。First, in the humidifier shown in FIG. 12, which does not have a built-in hose heater and does not actively control the humidification, it is necessary that the intake gas is cooled by the outside air in the intake coil. It is assumed. Therefore, if the ambient temperature decreases, the cooling becomes stronger, and the temperature when finally reaching the mouth of the patient decreases, and the absolute humidity decreases. Further, if the ventilation volume decreases, the intake gas slowly flows in the intake spiral pipe, and the cooling time becomes longer. In this case as well, the temperature of the inhaled gas supplied to the patient decreases, and the absolute humidity also decreases. When the intake gas temperature decreases, the saturated steam amount also decreases. Therefore, the excess water vapor becomes a liquid and is condensed in the intake flexible pipe. What happens when the humidifier body and the patient are separated, but it is practically impossible to place a large object such as a humidifier in the immediate vicinity of the patient. In the case of this humidifier, when an inhaled gas of 32 ° C. 100% water vapor saturated is sent to the patient's mouth, a gas temperature of about 50 ° C. is required at the humidifier outlet. 82. in the inhaled gas with a gas temperature of 50 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100%.
7mg / L of water vapor is included, but when cooled to 32 ° C when reaching the patient, the saturated water vapor amount at 32 ° C is 33.4mg / L, which is equivalent to the difference of 49.3mg.
Will condense in the circuit per 1 L of inhaled gas. Artificial respiration with a minute ventilation of 5 L / min is 247 m per minute
g, 14.8 g of condensed water will be stored per hour. When a continuous positive airway pressure method (one method of respiratory control using a ventilator) is performed using a constant flow of 30 L / min, 1.48 g / min and 88.7 g / hour of condensed water are produced. It will be. The accumulation of condensed water in the circuit narrows the lumen of the intake circuit and increases the circuit resistance. This causes inspiration resistance during spontaneous breathing, increases the work of breathing, and increases the burden on the patient. The stored water and the heated moderate temperature serve as a suitable medium for bacterial growth. When the patient's body position is changed or the inspiratory coil is moved, the stored water may be injected into the patient's trachea along with the flow of inhaled gas, impairing the patient's breathing and gas exchange. At this time, if the stored water is contaminated with bacteria, it causes pneumonia. Consumption of distilled water for humidification is also high, which is uneconomical, and the labor required to replenish the distilled water and to discard the water stored in the flexible pipe increases. When the water in the circuit is drained, the circuit may be removed once, during which the patient cannot breathe. In addition, removing the circuit also increases the chances of bacterial contamination from the surroundings.
【０００８】次に図１３のホースヒーターを内蔵しない
が、患者口元での吸入ガス温度をフィードバックしてメ
インヒーターの温度調節を行う加湿器は、相対湿度は１
００％になり、患者口元の温度が一定に保たれているた
め、供給絶対湿度も一定になる。加湿の過不足、体温の
異常上昇、気道熱傷の危険もない。しかし、吸入ガスが
吸気蛇管内で外部より冷却される構造は図１２のものと
変わりがなく、多量の凝結水を回路内に生じる。凝結水
が貯留することの問題点は図１２のものと同様で、細菌
による回路汚染、肺炎の惹起、回路抵抗増大による呼吸
仕事量の増大、滅菌蒸留水の多量使用による不経済性、
蒸留水補充や回路内凝結水を捨てるための看護業務の増
加、回路を一時外すことによる患者の呼吸の妨げなどの
危険がある。Next, although the hose heater shown in FIG. 13 is not built in, the humidifier for feeding back the temperature of the inhaled gas at the mouth of the patient to adjust the temperature of the main heater has a relative humidity of 1.
Since the temperature at the patient's mouth is kept constant, the supply absolute humidity also becomes constant. There is no risk of excessive or insufficient humidification, abnormal temperature rise, or airway burns. However, the structure in which the suction gas is cooled from the outside in the intake coil is the same as that in FIG. 12, and a large amount of condensed water is generated in the circuit. The problem of storage of condensed water is similar to that of FIG. 12, and circuit contamination by bacteria, induction of pneumonia, increase in work of breathing due to increase in circuit resistance, uneconomical due to large use of sterile distilled water,
There is a risk of increased nursing work to replenish distilled water and to discard condensed water in the circuit, and obstructing the patient's breathing by temporarily removing the circuit.
【０００９】更に図１４に示すホースヒーターを内蔵し
た加湿器は、目的とする温度で１００％に飽和した吸入
ガスをメインヒーターでつくり、それをホースホーター
で温度が低下しないように保温しながら患者まで導くの
であるから、理論的には凝結もなく絶対湿度が低下しな
いはずである。しかし、これが実現するためにはいくつ
かの条件がそろった環境でないとならない。 先ず（１）メインヒーターと水槽の加湿能力が十分にあ
り、水槽の出口では１００％に飽和していなければなら
ない。図１５のように、水槽の出口の相対湿度が８０％
であるとしたら、そのままの温度が維持された患者口元
でも８０％となってしまう。 次に（２）メインヒーターの加温能力が十分にあり、水
槽の出口ですでに目的とする温度に吸入ガスが加温され
ていなくてはならない。図１６のように、相対湿度が１
００％であっても、ガス温度が２８℃であったならば絶
対湿度は２７．２ｍｇ／Ｌとなり、ホースヒーターで加
熱されて３２℃になったならば飽和水蒸気量が３３．４
ｍｇ／Ｌなので相対湿度は８１％に低下してしまう。 第３に（３）吸気蛇管の周囲の環境温度は均一であり、
途中で局所的に冷却されたり加熱されることがあっては
ならない。図１７のように水槽出口で３２℃１００％に
加温加湿されていても、途中で局所的に２８℃に冷却さ
れたなら、その部分で飽和水蒸気量の差に相当する６．
２ｍｇの結露を吸入ガス１Ｌ当たり生じ、絶対湿度は２
７．２ｍｇ／Ｌに低下してしまう。これが、ホースヒー
ターで３２℃に再加熱されて患者に達すると、相対湿度
は８１％になってしまう。 第４に（４）吸入ガス温度を測定するサーミスター部分
も周囲と同じ温度環境になくてはならない。図１８のよ
うに患者口元の吸入ガス温度を測定するサーミスターの
部分が局所的に加熱されていると、あたかもホースヒー
ターの出力が十分であるかのように制御装置は判断し、
ホースヒーターの出力を落とす。すると、手前の吸気蛇
管内の温度が低下する。もし２８℃に低下したとする
と、その部分で飽和水蒸気量の差に相当する６．２ｍｇ
の結露を吸入ガス１Ｌ当たり生じて絶対湿度は２７．２
ｍｇ／Ｌとなってしまう。これが、患者に達するときに
３２℃まで加熱されれば相対湿度は８１％となってしま
う。 これらのことは、現実に起きている。従来の加湿器で
は、２０Ｌ／分以上の吸入ガスの加温加湿は十分できな
いため、（１）、（２）の状況が起こる。又空調の気流
によって一部が冷却されるため、（３）の状況が起こ
る。更に未熟児や新生児、低体温の患者などでは体温保
持のために赤外線をあてて体を加温することがよくある
が、この場合には患者のすぐそばにあるサーミスターも
加熱されて（４）の状況が起こる。以上のように、ホー
スヒーターを組み込むことは結露を防止・減少させるた
めに必要で有効な手段であるが、加湿の確実性が低下
し、周囲の環境温度や吸入ガス流量の多寡によって加湿
不足を起こす可能性が高い問題点が存した。Further, the humidifier having a built-in hose heater shown in FIG. 14 uses a main heater to produce an inhaled gas saturated to 100% at a target temperature, and keeps it warm by a hose heater so that the temperature does not decrease to the patient. Since it leads, there should theoretically be no condensation and no decrease in absolute humidity. However, in order for this to happen, it must be an environment with some conditions. First, (1) the main heater and the water tank must have sufficient humidification capacity, and the outlet of the water tank must be saturated to 100%. As shown in Fig. 15, the relative humidity at the outlet of the water tank is 80%.
If this is the case, then 80% of the patient's mouth maintains the same temperature. Next, (2) the main heater has a sufficient heating capacity, and the intake gas must have been heated to the desired temperature at the outlet of the water tank. As shown in Fig. 16, the relative humidity is 1
Even if it is 00%, if the gas temperature is 28 ° C, the absolute humidity becomes 27.2 mg / L, and if it is heated to 32 ° C by the hose heater, the saturated steam amount is 33.4.
Since it is mg / L, the relative humidity drops to 81%. Third, (3) the ambient temperature around the intake coil is uniform,
It should not be locally cooled or heated along the way. As shown in FIG. 17, even if the water is heated and humidified at 32 ° C. and 100% at the outlet of the water tank, if it is locally cooled to 28 ° C. on the way, it corresponds to the difference in saturated water vapor amount at that portion.
Condensation of 2 mg is generated per 1 L of inhaled gas, and absolute humidity is 2
It will fall to 7.2 mg / L. When this is reheated to 32 ° C by the hose heater and reaches the patient, the relative humidity becomes 81%. Fourth, (4) The thermistor part for measuring the intake gas temperature must also be in the same temperature environment as the surroundings. As shown in FIG. 18, when the part of the thermistor for measuring the temperature of inhaled gas around the patient's mouth is locally heated, the control device judges as if the output of the hose heater is sufficient,
Turn off the hose heater output. Then, the temperature in the intake air intake pipe in the foreground decreases. If the temperature drops to 28 ° C, 6.2 mg, which corresponds to the difference in saturated water vapor content in that part
Condensation is generated per 1L of inhaled gas and the absolute humidity is 27.2
It becomes mg / L. If this is heated to 32 ° C. when reaching the patient, the relative humidity will be 81%. These things are happening in reality. Since the conventional humidifier cannot sufficiently warm and humidify the suction gas at 20 L / min or more, the situations (1) and (2) occur. In addition, since the airflow of the air conditioner partially cools the air conditioner, the situation (3) occurs. In addition, premature babies, newborns, and hypothermic patients often use infrared rays to heat the body to maintain body temperature. In this case, the thermistor in the immediate vicinity of the patient is also heated (4 ) Situation occurs. As described above, incorporating a hose heater is a necessary and effective means for preventing and reducing dew condensation, but it reduces the certainty of humidification and causes insufficient humidification due to the surrounding environmental temperature and intake gas flow rate. There was a problem that was likely to occur.
【００１０】ところで、加温加湿器に要求される性能
は、３０リットル／分程度までの流量の室温の乾燥ガス
を、加湿加湿して水蒸気で飽和させた３４℃程度のガス
にすることである。一方、過剰に加湿すると回路に結露
が生じ、細菌繁殖の原因となったり気道内に結露水を誤
注入してしまうことがある。そのため、加温加湿器にお
ける加湿は過剰でも不適当で、相対湿度95〜100%程度の
適度な加湿が要求される。ところが、従来は、加湿を確
実にしようとしてホースヒーターを使用しなければ多量
の回路内凝結水が生じ、凝結水を減らそうとしてホース
ヒーターを使用すれば加湿が不確実になるという二つの
相反する問題を抱えていた。本発明は、この相反する二
つの問題点を同時に解決するためになされたものであ
る。By the way, the performance required of the humidifying / humidifying device is that the dry gas at room temperature having a flow rate of up to about 30 liters / minute is humidified and humidified to be a gas at about 34 ° C. saturated with water vapor. .. On the other hand, if it is excessively humidified, dew condensation may occur in the circuit, which may cause bacterial growth or mis-inject the dew condensation water into the respiratory tract. Therefore, even if the humidification in the humidifier is excessive, it is unsuitable, and it is required that the relative humidity is about 95 to 100%. However, conventionally, a large amount of condensed water in the circuit occurs unless a hose heater is used to ensure humidification, and humidification becomes uncertain if a hose heater is used to reduce condensed water. I had a problem. The present invention has been made to solve these two contradictory problems at the same time.
【００１１】本発明は、加温加湿器にとって最も大切で
ある湿度のコントロールに結露センサーを用いることに
よって供給湿度の安定性を高め、定常流や調節呼吸とい
った換気モード、吸入ガス流量の多寡、周囲環境温度の
変化によって影響されない加湿性能を持った加温加湿器
を提供することを目的とする。The present invention enhances the stability of the supplied humidity by using a dew condensation sensor for controlling the humidity, which is the most important factor for the humidifier, and provides ventilation modes such as steady flow and controlled breathing, a large amount of inhaled gas flow, and ambient conditions. It is an object of the present invention to provide a humidifying / humidifying device having a humidifying performance that is not affected by changes in environmental temperature.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記問題点を解
決するためになされたものであり、以下に述べる手段を
採用する。本発明は、人工呼吸器等から供給される吸入
ガスを導入して、加温加湿する水槽モジュール１に、水
槽内の水を加熱して水蒸気を発生させるメインヒーター
２を設け、前記水槽モジュール１内で発生した水蒸気を
吸気蛇管３を通して患者に供給自在とし、前記水槽モジ
ュール１に連設する吸気蛇管３内に、線状の発熱体から
なるホースヒーター４を挿入して設け、このホースヒー
ター４で前記吸気蛇管３内の吸入ガスを一定に保温し
て、吸入ガスの温度低下及び結露発生を防止し、前記吸
気蛇管３の患者口元に設けたサーミスター５で吸入ガス
温度を測定し、ホースヒーター制御器６を介してホース
ヒーター４の出力を調整自在とし、前記吸気蛇管３の患
者口元に設けた結露センサー７で吸入ガス湿度を測定
し、メインヒーター制御器８を介してメインヒーター２
の出力を調整自在としたことを特徴とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and adopts the following means. According to the present invention, a main heater 2 for heating water in a water tank to generate water vapor is provided in a water tank module 1 for heating and humidifying by introducing inhalation gas supplied from an artificial respirator or the like. The water vapor generated inside is freely supplied to the patient through the inspiratory spiral tube 3, and a hose heater 4 made of a linear heating element is inserted and provided in the inspiratory spiral tube 3 connected to the water tank module 1. In order to keep the temperature of the intake gas in the intake coil 3 constant, to prevent the temperature of the intake gas from decreasing and to prevent the occurrence of dew condensation, measure the intake gas temperature with a thermistor 5 provided at the mouth of the intake coil 3, and measure the hose. The output of the hose heater 4 is made adjustable via the heater controller 6, the inhalation gas humidity is measured by the dew condensation sensor 7 provided at the patient's mouth of the inspiratory spiral tube 3, and the main heater controller 8 is used. Main Te heater 2
It is characterized in that the output of is adjustable.
【００１３】[0013]
【作用】加温加湿器を使用する際に大切なことは、患者
が吸入する吸入ガスの湿度と温度である。本発明ではサ
ーミスターのほかに、結露センサーを患者の直前に組み
込むことで吸入ガスの温度と湿度を直接的にフィードバ
ックコントロールすることができ、患者が吸入するガス
の湿度、温度が常に一定に保たれることになる。前記従
来技術の問題点で述べた状況、すなわち、図１５、図１
６、図１７及び図１８で説明した状況が生じたときに、
本発明の加温加湿器がどのように反応して安定した加湿
が行えるかを以下に示す（いずれも、吸気温度を３２℃
に設定した場合を例として示す）。Function When using the heating humidifier, what is important is the humidity and temperature of the inhaled gas inhaled by the patient. In the present invention, in addition to the thermistor, a dew condensation sensor is installed immediately in front of the patient, so that the temperature and humidity of the inhaled gas can be directly feedback-controlled, and the humidity and temperature of the gas inhaled by the patient are always kept constant. You will be drunk. The situation described in the problems of the prior art, that is, FIG. 15 and FIG.
6, when the situation described in FIGS. 17 and 18 occurs,
The following shows how the humidifying / humidifying device of the present invention reacts to perform stable humidification (both intake air temperature is 32 ° C.).
The example is set to).
【００１４】（１）水槽１とメインヒーター２の能力不
足で、水槽１の出口の吸入ガスの温度は３２℃であるの
に相対湿度が８０％しかない場合を図４、図５に示す。
このとき、患者口元の吸入ガスの温度は３２℃になるよ
うにセットされているため、水槽１を出た吸入ガスはそ
のままの温度・湿度を保ち、患者口元ではやはり３２℃
８０％となっている。すると、結露センサー７は湿度の
低下を感知し、制御器８はメインヒーター２の出力を上
げるように作用する。メインヒーター２の出力が増大す
れば、水槽１から発生する水蒸気の温度・湿度は上昇す
る。このとき、水槽１の出口の吸入ガスの温度が３６
℃、絶対湿度３３．４ｍｇ／Ｌ、相対湿度８０％になっ
たとする。これは前よりも吸入ガスの温度が高いので、
いままでのホースヒーター４の出力では患者に達する吸
入ガス温度は３２℃よりも高くなってしまう。すると、
サーミスター５が高温を検知してホースヒーター４の出
力を落とし、吸入ガス温度は再び３２℃に戻る。しか
し、今度は、この吸入ガスには３３．４ｍｇ／Ｌの水蒸
気が含まれているため、相対湿度は１００％を維持でき
ることになる。(1) FIGS. 4 and 5 show a case where the capacity of the water tank 1 and the main heater 2 is insufficient and the temperature of the suction gas at the outlet of the water tank 1 is 32 ° C. but the relative humidity is only 80%.
At this time, since the temperature of the inhaled gas at the patient's mouth is set to 32 ° C, the inhaled gas leaving the water tank 1 maintains the same temperature and humidity, and the patient's mouth still has the temperature of 32 ° C.
It is 80%. Then, the dew condensation sensor 7 senses a decrease in humidity, and the controller 8 acts to increase the output of the main heater 2. When the output of the main heater 2 increases, the temperature and humidity of the steam generated from the water tank 1 increase. At this time, the temperature of the suction gas at the outlet of the water tank 1 is 36
C., absolute humidity 33.4 mg / L, and relative humidity 80%. This is because the temperature of the intake gas is higher than before,
With the output of the hose heater 4 so far, the temperature of the inhaled gas reaching the patient becomes higher than 32 ° C. Then,
The thermistor 5 detects the high temperature and reduces the output of the hose heater 4, and the suction gas temperature returns to 32 ° C. again. However, this time, since the inhaled gas contains 33.4 mg / L of water vapor, the relative humidity can be maintained at 100%.
【００１５】（２）水槽１出口の吸入ガスの相対湿度は
１００％でも温度が２８℃までしか上がっていない場合
を図６、図７に示す。このままではサーミスター５が検
知する吸入ガスの温度は３２℃よりも低いため、制御器
６を介してホースヒーター４の出力が増大する。そして
吸入ガス温度は３２℃になるが、その中には２７．２ｍ
ｇ／Ｌの水蒸気しか含まれていないため、相対湿度は８
１％に低下する。それを結露センサー７が感知して制御
器８を介してメインヒーター２の出力を増大させる。メ
インヒーター２の温度が上昇して、３３．４ｍｇ／Ｌの
絶対湿度を供給できるようになって平衡に達する。した
がって、この場合も温度３２℃、相対湿度１００％の吸
入ガスを維持できる。(2) FIGS. 6 and 7 show the case where the relative humidity of the suction gas at the outlet of the water tank 1 is 100% but the temperature rises only to 28.degree. In this state, since the temperature of the suction gas detected by the thermistor 5 is lower than 32 ° C., the output of the hose heater 4 increases via the controller 6. And the temperature of the intake gas is 32 ℃, but there is 27.2m in it.
Since it contains only g / L of water vapor, the relative humidity is 8
It drops to 1%. The dew condensation sensor 7 detects this and increases the output of the main heater 2 via the controller 8. The temperature of the main heater 2 rises, and the absolute humidity of 33.4 mg / L can be supplied to reach equilibrium. Therefore, also in this case, the intake gas having a temperature of 32 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100% can be maintained.
【００１６】（３）吸気蛇管３の途中が冷却されて、２
８℃まで温度が低下した場合を図８、図９に示す。水槽
出口で温度３２℃相対湿度１００％であった吸入ガスが
途中で２８℃に冷却されると、飽和水蒸気量は２７．２
ｍｇ／Ｌに減少するため、その差に相当する６．２ｍｇ
／Ｌが結露する。この吸入ガスはホースヒーター４で再
度加熱され、３２℃になるが、絶対湿度は２７．２ｍｇ
／Ｌしかないので、相対湿度は８１％に低下してしま
う。これを結露センサー７が感知して制御装置８を介し
てメインヒーター２の出力を上げる。これは、吸気蛇管
３の途中の冷却部の温度が３２℃まで上昇して絶対湿度
が３３．４ｍｇ／Ｌに回復した時点で平衡に達する。こ
の時、水槽出口の温度は上昇して、例えば温度３６℃相
対湿度１００％になったとすると絶対湿度は４１．５ｍ
ｇ／Ｌであり、温度３２℃の飽和水蒸気量の３３．４ｍ
ｇ／Ｌとの差に相当する８．１ｍｇ／Ｌは吸気蛇管３の
冷却部で結露してしまうことになる。しかし、それでも
ホースヒーター４のない加湿器に比べれば結露は軽度で
ある。そして、一部の吸気蛇管３の突発的な冷却という
事態が改善すれば、ホースヒーター４の加温によって凝
結水を再蒸発させることができ、蛇管３内に多量の凝結
水が貯留するという事態は避けられる。(3) Since the middle of the intake flexible pipe 3 is cooled, 2
The case where the temperature is lowered to 8 ° C. is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. When the intake gas, which had a temperature of 32 ° C and a relative humidity of 100%, was cooled to 28 ° C midway at the outlet of the water tank, the saturated water vapor amount was 27.2.
It decreases to mg / L, which is equivalent to the difference of 6.2 mg
/ L is condensed. This inhaled gas is heated again by the hose heater 4 and reaches 32 ° C, but the absolute humidity is 27.2 mg.
Since there is only / L, the relative humidity drops to 81%. The dew condensation sensor 7 detects this and raises the output of the main heater 2 via the control device 8. This reaches equilibrium when the temperature of the cooling part in the middle of the intake spiral pipe 3 rises to 32 ° C. and the absolute humidity recovers to 33.4 mg / L. At this time, if the temperature of the water tank outlet rises and the temperature reaches 36 ° C and relative humidity is 100%, the absolute humidity is 41.5 m.
g / L and a temperature of 32 ° C. and a saturated water vapor amount of 33.4 m
8.1 mg / L, which corresponds to the difference from g / L, will be condensed in the cooling part of the intake flexible pipe 3. However, the dew condensation is still lighter than that of the humidifier without the hose heater 4. Then, if the situation of sudden cooling of part of the intake flexible pipe 3 is improved, the condensed water can be re-evaporated by heating the hose heater 4, and a large amount of condensed water is stored in the flexible pipe 3. Can be avoided.
【００１７】（４）患者口元にあるサーミスター５が外
部から加熱された場合を図１０、図１１に示す。この場
合には、サーミスター５が外部から温められてしまうた
め、実際の吸入ガス温度よりも高く感知してしまう。す
るとホースヒーター４の出力は低下し、水槽出口では温
度３２℃相対湿度１００％であった吸入ガスがその温度
を維持できず、次第に温度が低下する。仮に２８℃まで
低下したとすると、その飽和水蒸気量は２７．２ｍｇ／
Ｌなので、その差に相当する６．２ｍｇ／Ｌは回路中に
結露し、絶対湿度は２７．２ｍｇ／Ｌとなる。このガス
が３２℃まで加熱されると相対湿度８１％まで低下す
る。湿度低下は結露センサー７によって検知され、メイ
ンヒーター２の出力は増加する。これは、患者口元での
相対湿度が１００％になる点、すなわち絶対湿度が３
３．４ｍｇ／Ｌになる点に平衡に達する。このとき、加
湿器の出口温度が３６℃であったとすればそのなかには
４１．５ｍｇ／Ｌの水蒸気が含まれる。患者口元で３２
℃まで温度が低下すると、飽和水蒸気量の差に相当する
８．１ｍｇ／Ｌは吸気蛇管３内で結露する。しかし、そ
れでもホースヒーターのない加湿器に比べれば結露は軽
度である。そして、サーミスター５の加熱という事態が
改善すれば、ホースヒーターの加温によって凝結水を再
蒸発させることができ、蛇管３内に多量の凝結水が貯留
するという事態は避けられる。(4) FIGS. 10 and 11 show the case where the thermistor 5 at the mouth of the patient is heated from the outside. In this case, since the thermistor 5 is warmed from the outside, it is sensed higher than the actual intake gas temperature. Then, the output of the hose heater 4 decreases, the intake gas having a temperature of 32 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100% cannot maintain the temperature at the outlet of the water tank, and the temperature gradually decreases. If the temperature drops to 28 ° C, the saturated water vapor content is 27.2 mg /
Since it is L, 6.2 mg / L corresponding to the difference is condensed in the circuit, and the absolute humidity is 27.2 mg / L. When this gas is heated to 32 ° C., the relative humidity drops to 81%. The decrease in humidity is detected by the dew condensation sensor 7, and the output of the main heater 2 increases. This is the point where the relative humidity at the patient's mouth becomes 100%, that is, the absolute humidity is 3
Equilibrium is reached at the point of 3.4 mg / L. At this time, if the outlet temperature of the humidifier was 36 ° C., it contained 41.5 mg / L of water vapor. 32 at the patient's mouth
When the temperature is lowered to ° C, 8.1 mg / L corresponding to the difference in saturated water vapor amount is condensed in the intake spiral pipe 3. However, the dew condensation is still milder than that of a humidifier without a hose heater. If the situation of heating the thermistor 5 is improved, the condensed water can be re-evaporated by heating the hose heater, and a situation in which a large amount of condensed water is stored in the flexible tube 3 can be avoided.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】次に、本発明について図面を参照して説明す
る。図１は本発明の実施の１例を示す説明図であり、人
工呼吸器等（図示せず）から供給される吸入ガスを導入
して、加温加湿する水槽モジュール１には、水槽内の水
を加熱して水蒸気を発生させるメインヒーター２が設け
られており、水槽モジュール１内で発生した水蒸気は、
吸気蛇管３を通して患者に供給される。前記水槽モジュ
ール１に連設された吸気蛇管３内には、線状の発熱体か
らなるホースヒーター４が挿入して設けられている。こ
のホースヒーター４は吸気蛇管３内の吸入ガスを一定に
保温することで、吸入ガスの温度低下を防ぎ、結露の発
生を防止する。９は吸入ガス導入口である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of the embodiment of the present invention, in which a water tank module 1 for introducing and heating and humidifying an inhalation gas supplied from an artificial respirator or the like (not shown) A main heater 2 for heating water to generate water vapor is provided, and the water vapor generated in the water tank module 1 is
It is supplied to the patient through the inspiratory coil 3. A hose heater 4 made of a linear heating element is inserted and provided in the intake flexible pipe 3 connected to the water tank module 1. The hose heater 4 keeps the intake gas in the intake flexible pipe 3 at a constant temperature to prevent the temperature of the intake gas from decreasing and prevent the occurrence of dew condensation. Reference numeral 9 is an intake gas inlet.
【００１９】前記吸気蛇管３の患者口元に設けたサーミ
スター５で吸入ガス温度を測定し、ホースヒーター制御
器６を介してホースヒーター４の出力が調整される。前
記吸気蛇管３の患者口元に設けた結露センサー７で吸入
ガス湿度を測定し、メインヒーター制御器８を介してメ
インヒーター２の出力が調整される。前記結露センサー
７は、湿度に応じて抵抗値が変化する湿度センサーの一
種であり、特に相対湿度９０〜９５％以上の高い温度で
急激に抵抗値が変化し、高湿度領域での感度が高いもの
が望ましい。前記結露センサー７は吸気蛇管３内が水蒸
気で飽和して結露が生じているかどうかを鋭敏に検出す
るものであり、通常の吸気蛇管内は軽度結露しているこ
とが多く、センサー７に結露が生じても寿命には影響な
く、機械的強度が強く、交流電源を必要とせず回路が簡
単で小型であることが望ましい。The intake gas temperature is measured by the thermistor 5 provided at the mouth of the intake flexible tube 3 and the output of the hose heater 4 is adjusted via the hose heater controller 6. The dew condensation sensor 7 provided at the patient's mouth of the intake coil 3 measures the inhalation gas humidity, and the output of the main heater 2 is adjusted via the main heater controller 8. The condensation sensor 7 is a kind of humidity sensor whose resistance value changes according to humidity, and in particular, the resistance value changes abruptly at a high temperature of 90 to 95% or more relative humidity, and has high sensitivity in a high humidity region. Things are desirable. The dew condensation sensor 7 sensitively detects whether or not the intake air intake pipe 3 is saturated with water vapor to cause dew condensation, and the normal intake air intake pipe 3 often has a slight dew condensation, so Even if it occurs, it does not affect the service life, has a high mechanical strength, does not require an AC power supply, and has a simple and small circuit.
【００２０】メインヒーター制御器８の動作原理を図２
に示す。メインヒーター２は水を加熱して蒸発させる部
分である。したがって、メインヒーター２の出力を吸入
ガス中の湿度によって制御することで、安定した加湿能
力を得ることができる。具体的には、患者口元の結露セ
ンサー７の信号を入力し、湿度が低いようならばメイン
ヒーター２の出力を増加し、湿度が高すぎて多量の結露
を生じているならばメインヒーター２の出力を低下させ
るようなネガティブフィードバックループになってい
る。患者に供給される吸入ガスの湿度は最も厳密に管理
されなければならないが、それを直接測定して加湿量に
反映させるのが本発明の最も重要なポイントである。従
来は、湿度のコントロールを湿度の間接的な指標である
温度の測定で代用してきたために、吸入ガス流量や外界
の環境温度などに影響される問題点があった。しかし、
本発明では湿度の直接測定によるネガティブフィードバ
ックコントロールを行ってその問題点が解決されてい
る。The principle of operation of the main heater controller 8 is shown in FIG.
Shown in. The main heater 2 is a part that heats and evaporates water. Therefore, by controlling the output of the main heater 2 by the humidity in the intake gas, it is possible to obtain a stable humidifying capacity. Specifically, the signal from the dew condensation sensor 7 at the patient's mouth is input, and if the humidity is low, the output of the main heater 2 is increased. If the humidity is too high and a large amount of dew is generated, the main heater 2 It is a negative feedback loop that reduces the output. The humidity of the inhaled gas supplied to the patient must be controlled most strictly, and it is the most important point of the present invention to measure it directly and reflect it in the amount of humidification. Conventionally, the humidity control is replaced by the temperature measurement, which is an indirect indicator of the humidity, so that there is a problem that it is affected by the intake gas flow rate and the ambient environmental temperature. But,
In the present invention, the problem is solved by performing the negative feedback control by directly measuring the humidity.
【００２１】ホースヒーター制御器６の動作原理を図３
に示す。ホースヒーター４は、加湿器の水槽１で加温加
湿した吸入ガスの温度が低下しないようにするものであ
る。したがって、ホースヒーター４の出力は吸入ガスの
温度によって制御することで、吸入ガス温度を安定に保
つことができる。具体的には、患者口元のサーミスター
５の信号を入力し、温度が低いようならばホースヒータ
ー４の出力を増加させ、温度が高いようならば出力を減
少させる。これによって患者に供給される吸入ガスの温
度は一定に保たれる。The operation principle of the hose heater controller 6 is shown in FIG.
Shown in. The hose heater 4 prevents the temperature of the intake gas heated and humidified in the water tank 1 of the humidifier from decreasing. Therefore, by controlling the output of the hose heater 4 by the temperature of the suction gas, the suction gas temperature can be kept stable. Specifically, the signal of the thermistor 5 at the patient's mouth is input, and if the temperature is low, the output of the hose heater 4 is increased, and if the temperature is high, the output is decreased. This keeps the temperature of the inhaled gas supplied to the patient constant.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の加温加湿
器は、加温加湿器にとって最も大切である湿度のコント
ロールに結露センサーを用いることによって供給湿度の
安定性を高め、定常流や調節呼吸といった換気モード、
吸入ガス流量の多寡、周囲環境温度の変化によって影響
されない加湿性能を持った加温加湿器を得ることができ
る効果がある。As described above, the warming and humidifying device of the present invention enhances the stability of the supplied humidity by using a dew sensor to control the humidity, which is most important for the warming and humidifying device, and stabilizes the steady flow and Ventilation modes such as controlled breathing,
There is an effect that it is possible to obtain a humidifier having a humidifying performance that is not affected by the amount of intake gas flow and the change in ambient temperature.
【００２３】すなわち、本発明はどんな状況でも、水蒸
気で確実に飽和させることができ、周囲の環境温度や空
調の温風・冷風に性能が影響されず、新生児用保育器や
赤外線体温保持装置などを使用した患者に用いても、確
実な加湿ができ、加湿器本体の能力の限界近くでの使用
でも、従来の加湿器に比べて不十分加湿の危険を減らす
ことができ、人工呼吸器をはじめ、間欠的陽圧呼吸器、
麻酔器、酸素療法用流量計など、すべての加湿を必要と
する医療用器具に組み込むことができ、高い加湿性能を
発揮できる。That is, the present invention can be surely saturated with water vapor in any situation, the performance is not affected by the ambient environmental temperature and the warm air / cool air of the air conditioner, and the newborn infant incubator, infrared body temperature maintaining device, etc. Even when used in patients who have used the humidifier, reliable humidification can be performed, and even when used near the limit of the capacity of the humidifier body, the risk of insufficient humidification can be reduced compared to conventional humidifiers, and the ventilator can be used. First, intermittent positive pressure breathing machine,
It can be incorporated into all medical devices that require humidification, such as anesthesia machines and flowmeters for oxygen therapy, and can exhibit high humidification performance.
【００２４】又本発明は結露・凝結水が少ないため、貯
留した凝結水に細菌が繁殖することがなく、呼吸器回路
を清潔に保てるものであり、患者に気道感染・肺炎を起
こさせることが少なく、貯留した水を過って気道内注入
する危険性が低く、水が貯留して回路が塞がれることが
ないため、吸気抵抗が小さく、呼吸仕事量を増加させな
い。Further, since the present invention has a small amount of dew condensation / condensation water, bacteria do not propagate in the stored condensed water and the respiratory circuit can be kept clean, which may cause respiratory tract infection / pneumonia in patients. There is little risk of injecting the stored water into the respiratory tract inadvertently, and since the water is not stored and the circuit is not blocked, the inspiratory resistance is small and the work of breathing is not increased.
【００２５】本発明は回路にたまった水を捨てる手間が
ないので、看護業務を減少できき、結露して失われる水
がないので、加湿用蒸留水が無駄にならず経済的であ
り、加湿用蒸留水の減少量が少ないので補充する頻度が
減り、看護業務を減少でき、蒸留水を補充するためには
回路を一時開放するが、その頻度が減るために外界から
の細菌混入の確率を減少でき、回路開放時には一時的に
患者は換気ができなくなるが、その頻度を減少できるも
のである。According to the present invention, since it is not necessary to discard the water accumulated in the circuit, the nursing work can be reduced, and since there is no water lost due to dew condensation, the distilled water for humidification is not wasted, and it is economical. Since the amount of distilled water used for reduction is small, the frequency of replenishment is reduced and nursing work can be reduced.To replenish distilled water, the circuit is temporarily opened, but because the frequency is reduced, the probability of bacterial contamination from the outside world is reduced. It can be reduced, and when the circuit is opened, the patient cannot temporarily ventilate, but the frequency can be reduced.
【００２６】更に本発明は高い湿度を維持することがで
きるため、患者の気道粘膜細胞の傷害を防止できき、痰
の乾燥・固着を予防でき、痰の喀出を容易にでき、痰の
喀出によって気道内が清浄化できるため、気道感染・肺
炎を予防でき、痰の固着・蓄積によって気道が狭されな
いため、呼吸抵抗、呼吸仕事量の増大を抑えられ、また
完全閉塞による窒息を防止できる。Further, since the present invention can maintain high humidity, it can prevent injury of airway mucosal cells of patients, prevent dryness and sticking of sputum, facilitate sputum production, and produce sputum by sputum production. Since the airway can be cleaned, airway infection and pneumonia can be prevented, and since the airway is not narrowed due to the adherence and accumulation of sputum, respiratory resistance and work of breathing can be suppressed from increasing, and choking due to complete obstruction can be prevented.
【図１】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の説明
図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a dehumidification sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明によるメインヒーター制御器の動作原理
を示す説明図。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the operating principle of the main heater controller according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明によるホースヒーター制御器の動作原理
を示す説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the operating principle of the hose heater controller according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作用
を示す説明図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the action of the dew sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図５】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作用
を示す説明図。FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the dehumidification sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図６】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作用
を示す説明図。FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the action of the dew sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図７】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作用
を示す説明図。FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the action of the dew sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図８】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作用
を示す説明図。FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the action of the dew sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図９】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作用
を示す説明図。FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the dehumidification sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図１０】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作
用を示す説明図。FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the dehumidification sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図１１】本発明による結露センサー付加温加湿器の作
用を示す説明図。FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing the action of the dew sensor-added temperature humidifier according to the present invention.
【図１２】従来の加温加湿器の説明図。FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional humidifier.
【図１３】従来の加温加湿器の説明図。FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a conventional heating humidifier.
【図１４】従来の加温加湿器の説明図。FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of a conventional heating humidifier.
【図１５】従来の加温加湿器の作用を示す説明図。FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation of a conventional heating / humidifying device.
【図１６】従来の加温加湿器の作用を示す説明図。FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing an operation of the conventional heating / humidifying device.
【図１７】従来の加温加湿器の作用を示す説明図。FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing the action of a conventional heating humidifier.
【図１８】従来の加温加湿器の作用を示す説明図。FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing an operation of the conventional heating / humidifying device.
１ 水槽モジュール ２ メインヒーター ３ 吸気蛇管 ４ ホースヒーター ５ サーミスター ６ ホースヒーター制御器 ７ 結露センサー ８ メインヒーター制御器 1 Water Tank Module 2 Main Heater 3 Intake Pipe 4 Hose Heater 5 Thermistor 6 Hose Heater Controller 7 Condensation Sensor 8 Main Heater Controller
Claims (2)
導入して、加温加湿する水槽モジュール（１）に、水槽
内の水を加熱して水蒸気を発生させるメインヒーター
（２）を設け、前記水槽モジュール（１）内で発生した
水蒸気を吸気蛇管（３）を通して患者に供給自在とし、
前記水槽モジュール（１）に連設する吸気蛇管（３）内
に、線状の発熱体からなるホースヒーター（４）を挿入
して設け、このホースヒーター（４）で前記吸気蛇管
（３）内の吸入ガスを一定に保温して、吸入ガスの温度
低下及び結露発生を防止し、前記吸気蛇管（３）の患者
口元に設けたサーミスター（５）で吸入ガス温度を測定
し、ホースヒーター制御器（６）を介してホースヒータ
ー（４）の出力を調整自在とし、前記吸気蛇管（３）の
患者口元に設けた結露センサー（７）で吸入ガス湿度を
測定し、メインヒーター制御器（８）を介してメインヒ
ーター（２）の出力を調整自在としたことを特徴とする
結露センサー付加温加湿器。1. A main heater (2) for heating water in a water tank to generate steam by introducing inhalation gas supplied from an artificial respirator or the like into a water tank module (1) for heating and humidifying. The water vapor generated in the water tank module (1) can be freely supplied to the patient through the inspiratory coil (3),
A hose heater (4) made of a linear heating element is inserted and provided in the intake flexible pipe (3) connected to the water tank module (1), and the hose heater (4) is used in the intake flexible pipe (3). The temperature of the inhaled gas is kept constant to prevent a decrease in the temperature of the inhaled gas and the occurrence of dew condensation, and the temperature of the inhaled gas is measured by the thermistor (5) provided at the patient mouth of the inspiratory coil (3) to control the hose heater. The output of the hose heater (4) is made adjustable via the device (6), the inhalation gas humidity is measured by the dew condensation sensor (7) provided at the patient mouth of the inspiratory coil (3), and the main heater controller (8) ), The output of the main heater (2) is adjustable, and a humidifier with a condensation sensor is characterized.
５％以上の高い湿度で急激に抵抗値が変化し、高湿度領
域での感度の高い電子素子からなることを特徴とする請
求項１記載の結露センサー付加温加湿器。2. The dew condensation sensor (7) has a relative humidity of 90-9.
The humidifier with a dew condensation sensor according to claim 1, wherein the humidifier has a resistance value that rapidly changes at a high humidity of 5% or more and is composed of an electronic element having high sensitivity in a high humidity region.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15604492A JP2654887B2 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1992-05-22 | Humidifier with additional condensation sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15604492A JP2654887B2 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1992-05-22 | Humidifier with additional condensation sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05317428A true JPH05317428A (en) | 1993-12-03 |
| JP2654887B2 JP2654887B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
Family
ID=15619097
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15604492A Expired - Fee Related JP2654887B2 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1992-05-22 | Humidifier with additional condensation sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2654887B2 (en) |
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