JPH05309244A - Water-permeable membrane - Google Patents
Water-permeable membraneInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05309244A JPH05309244A JP4135734A JP13573492A JPH05309244A JP H05309244 A JPH05309244 A JP H05309244A JP 4135734 A JP4135734 A JP 4135734A JP 13573492 A JP13573492 A JP 13573492A JP H05309244 A JPH05309244 A JP H05309244A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- membrane
- permeable membrane
- fiber mesh
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、発汗は皮膚部用人口発
汗膜として用いる水分透過膜に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a moisture permeable membrane used for sweating as an artificial sweating membrane for the skin.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】この種の水分透過膜は、サーマルスキン
の機能に発汗機能を付加した人体着衣模擬装置として特
公平２−２４８４６号公報に開示されており、その他に
も室内のコンフォートセンサとして用いられることも知
られている。2. Description of the Related Art A moisture permeable membrane of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 24846/1990 as a human clothing simulation device in which a sweating function is added to the function of a thermal skin. It is also known to be.
【０００３】従来の上記水分透過膜にあっては、連続細
孔焼結金属、連続多孔質セラミック、ポリエチレン、ポ
リプロピレン、４メチルペテン１等のオレフィン系、フ
ッソ系、シリコン系、ポリイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリ
アミド等のエンジニアリングプラスチック系、及びビニ
ールアルコール系、セルロース系の各ポリマによって、
平膜状や中空糸膜状に作成されているものであり、可撓
性及び伸縮性に乏しく、人間の皮膚に対してはるかに及
ばないものであった。また上記従来のものでは、不感蒸
泄から感蒸泄までの広い発汗速度範囲を膜内外間の比較
的低い圧力差で達成することは困難であった。In the above-mentioned conventional moisture permeable membrane, continuous pore sintered metal, continuous porous ceramic, polyethylene, polypropylene, olefin series such as 4 methyl petene 1, fluorine series, silicon series, polyimide, polysulfone, polyamide, etc. Engineering plastics, vinyl alcohol, and cellulose polymers
It was made in the form of a flat membrane or a hollow fiber membrane, was poor in flexibility and stretchability, and was far inferior to human skin. Further, in the above-mentioned conventional one, it is difficult to achieve a wide range of perspiration rate from insensitive vaporization to vaporization with a relatively low pressure difference between the inside and outside of the membrane.
【０００４】なお、不感蒸泄は発汗量３．０ｍｇ／ｈ
ｒ，ｃｍ２ 以下であり、人体と外部との水蒸気分圧差
により人体から外部へ水分が皮膚半透膜を常時透過拡散
することである。また感蒸泄は発汗量１００ｍｇ／ｈ
ｒ，ｃｍ２ 以下であり、外部温度が高い場合、皮膚表
面から汗として大量に直接水分を蒸発させることで、多
量の放熱が可能である。[0004] Insensitive evacuation is a perspiration amount of 3.0 mg / h.
It is r or cm2 or less, and it means that water constantly permeates and diffuses through the semipermeable membrane of the skin from the human body to the outside due to the difference in water vapor partial pressure between the human body and the outside. Also, perspiration is 100 mg / h perspiration.
When the external temperature is not higher than r, cm 2 and the external temperature is high, a large amount of heat can be radiated by directly evaporating a large amount of water as sweat from the skin surface.
【０００５】オレフィン系、フッソ系、シリコン系の各
ポリマの水との接触角度は９０度より大きい膜の表面
部、裏面部、細孔内部の全てに疎水性を有しているた
め、発汗しても皮膚表面で水玉状になり、蒸発潜熱によ
る産生熱除去は不可能である。一方ビニールアルコール
系やセルロース系の多孔質膜の場合、水との接触角度は
９０度より小さく親水性であるので、水にぬれるとかえ
るの肌のようになってしまって人間の皮膚にはほど遠い
特質であった。The olefin-based, fluorine-based, and silicon-based polymers have a contact angle with water of more than 90 °. The membrane has hydrophobicity on the surface, back and inside of the pores. However, it becomes polka-dotted on the skin surface, and it is impossible to remove the generated heat by latent heat of vaporization. On the other hand, in the case of a vinyl alcohol-based or cellulose-based porous film, the contact angle with water is less than 90 degrees and it is hydrophilic, so when it gets wet it becomes like a frog's skin and is far from human skin. It was a characteristic.
【０００６】皮膚は温熱環境に直接接触している半透膜
状の人体最大の臓器であり、環境温度が深部体温より上
昇しても発汗による蒸発潜熱のために一定温度を保つこ
とができるようになっている。そしてこの発汗による産
生熱の対外放熱の人力メカニズムは上記したように、不
感蒸泄による作用と、感蒸泄による作用の２種類に大別
できる。[0006] The skin is the largest organ of the human body in the form of a semipermeable membrane that is in direct contact with the thermal environment, and even if the environmental temperature rises above the core body temperature, it can maintain a constant temperature due to the latent heat of vaporization due to perspiration. It has become. As described above, the human power mechanism of the external heat release of the heat produced by perspiration can be roughly classified into two types, that is, the action due to insensitive vaporization and the action due to vaporized perspiration.
【０００７】不感蒸泄は人体と環境空間との水蒸気分圧
差により人体から環境空間へ水分が皮膚半透膜を常時透
過拡散することで、この場合、水分蒸発量が少いので大
量放熱は不可能である。感蒸泄は環境温度が高い場合皮
膚表面から汗として大量に直接水分を蒸発させるので、
多量の放熱が可能であり、水分は汗腺細孔から多量に皮
膚表面へ放出された後、皮膚表面で薄膜になり、蒸発面
積が拡大して放熱速度は加速される。同時に血流量は皮
膚表面に多く流れ、人体内部の産生熱を皮膚表面に移動
させて水分の蒸発を促進させる。このように、発汗皮膚
部用人口発汗膜として用いる水分透過膜は、その機能的
に人間の皮膚特性に近い半透膜でなければならない。[0007] Insensitive vaporization is that water vapor always permeates and diffuses from the human body to the environmental space through the semipermeable membrane of the skin due to the difference in water vapor partial pressure between the human body and the environmental space. It is possible. When the environment temperature is high, vaporization excretion evaporates a large amount of water directly from the skin surface as sweat, so
A large amount of heat can be released, and after a large amount of water is released from the sweat gland pores to the skin surface, it becomes a thin film on the skin surface, the evaporation area is expanded, and the heat release rate is accelerated. At the same time, a large amount of blood flows to the skin surface, and the heat produced inside the human body is transferred to the skin surface to promote evaporation of water. As described above, the water permeable film used as the artificial sweat film for the sweating skin portion must be a semipermeable film whose function is close to that of human skin.
【０００８】本発明は上記のことにかんがみなされたも
ので、伸縮性及び柔軟性を有すると共に、非常に低い圧
力差の変化だけで不感蒸泄から感蒸泄の広い発汗量範囲
に適応できて人間の皮膚に近い特質を得ることができる
ようにした水分透過膜を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above, and has elasticity and flexibility, and is adaptable to a wide range of perspiration amount from insensitive to sensitive sensation by only a very low change in pressure difference. It is an object of the present invention to provide a moisture permeable membrane capable of obtaining a characteristic close to that of human skin.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明に係る水分透過膜は、伸縮性多孔質膜と繊維
メッシュを複合にした構成にする。そして上記繊維メッ
シュには、直径が８〜３００μのステンレス、カンタ
ル、ニクロム、銅、銀、ニッケル、金、白金からなる金
属線が用いられる。また上記繊維には、直径が８〜３０
０μのポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポ
リフェニレンスルファイド、ポリエステル、芳香族ポリ
エステル、ポリプロピレン、ガラス繊維、アルミナ繊
維、炭素繊維からなる非金属線が用いられる。さらに、
上記非金属線に銅、ニッケル、クローム、コバルト、
鉄、金、パラジウムの少なくとも１つの金属をメッキし
て用いてもよい。そしてさらに、表面部、裏面部、細孔
部の表面部を除く裏面部と細孔部の少なくとも一方にお
いて、水との接触角度が９０度以上の疎水性を有してい
る。In order to achieve the above object, the moisture permeable membrane according to the present invention has a structure in which a stretchable porous membrane and a fiber mesh are combined. A metal wire made of stainless steel, canthal, nichrome, copper, silver, nickel, gold, and platinum having a diameter of 8 to 300 μm is used for the fiber mesh. The fibers have a diameter of 8 to 30.
A non-metallic wire made of 0 μ polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, aromatic polyester, polypropylene, glass fiber, alumina fiber, or carbon fiber is used. further,
Copper, nickel, chrome, cobalt,
At least one metal of iron, gold, and palladium may be plated and used. Further, at least one of the front surface portion, the back surface portion, the back surface portion other than the front surface portion of the fine pore portion, and the fine pore portion has hydrophobicity such that the contact angle with water is 90 degrees or more.
【００１０】[0010]
【作 用】水分透過膜を構成する伸縮性多孔質膜は伸
縮性であるため、裏面側の圧力（内圧）を変化させれば
微細孔直径が変化するので、僅かな内圧変化で発汗量の
少ない不感蒸泄から発汗量の多い感蒸泄まで対応でき
る。また伸縮性多孔質膜と繊維メッシュを複合したこと
により、その補強効果により、内圧を高めても原型の状
態が保たれる。そして上記繊維メッシュを金属繊維であ
る場合、これに通電して発熱することにより、細孔を通
る水が加熱されて蒸発速度が促進されて人体内部の産生
熱に相当する放熱量が多くなる。[Operation] Since the stretchable porous membrane that composes the water permeable membrane is stretchable, the micropore diameter changes when the pressure (internal pressure) on the back side is changed. It can be used for a small amount of insensitive evacuation to a large amount of perspiration. In addition, since the elastic porous membrane and the fiber mesh are combined, the reinforcing effect maintains the original state even if the internal pressure is increased. When the fiber mesh is a metal fiber, electricity is applied to the fiber mesh to generate heat, whereby the water passing through the pores is heated, the evaporation rate is accelerated, and the amount of heat released corresponding to the heat generated inside the human body increases.
【００１１】[0011]
【実 施 例】本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明す
る。図１は本発明に係る水分透過膜１の断面構造を示す
もので、伸縮性多孔質膜２と繊維メッシュ３が複合され
ている。上記伸縮性多孔質膜２の構成材料としてはポリ
ウレタン単独、ポリウレタンとポリメチルメタアクリレ
ートとポリエチレングコールを種々の成分割合で混合し
たものが用いられる。繊維メッシュには、直径が８〜３
００μのステンレス、カンタル、ニクロム、銅、銀、ニ
ッケル、金、白金等の通電性を有するものが用いられ、
これに電源４が接続してある。また繊維メッシュには、
直径が８〜３００μのポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、
ポリイミド、ポリフェニレンスルファイド、ポリエステ
ル、芳香族ポリエステル、ポリプロピレン、ガラス繊
維、アルミナ繊維、炭素繊維等の非金属線が用いられ
る。さらに、上記非金属線に、銅、ニッケル、クロー
ム、コバルト、鉄、金、パラジウムの内少なくとも１種
類の金属をメッキしてあり、この繊維メッシュ３に電源
４を接続する。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a moisture permeable membrane 1 according to the present invention, in which a stretchable porous membrane 2 and a fiber mesh 3 are combined. As the constituent material of the stretchable porous film 2, polyurethane alone or a mixture of polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene glycol in various component ratios is used. Fiber mesh has a diameter of 8 to 3
00μ stainless steel, kanthal, nichrome, copper, silver, nickel, gold, platinum, etc. having electrical conductivity are used.
The power source 4 is connected to this. In addition, the fiber mesh,
Polyamide having a diameter of 8 to 300 μ, aromatic polyamide,
Non-metal wires such as polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, aromatic polyester, polypropylene, glass fiber, alumina fiber, and carbon fiber are used. Further, the non-metal wire is plated with at least one metal selected from copper, nickel, chrome, cobalt, iron, gold, and palladium, and a power source 4 is connected to the fiber mesh 3.
【００１２】また上記構成の水分透過膜１の表面部を除
く裏面部と細孔内面部の一方あるいはその双方を、フッ
ソ系あるいはシリコン系疎水性処理により疎水化を図
る。この疎水性の度合いとしては、水との接触角度が９
０度以上である。そして表面部は人間の皮膚と略同じ水
の接触角度となっている。Further, one or both of the back surface portion and the inner surface portion of the pores of the moisture permeable membrane 1 having the above-described structure are made hydrophobic by a fluorine-based or silicon-based hydrophobic treatment. As for the degree of this hydrophobicity, the contact angle with water is 9
It is 0 degrees or more. The surface has a contact angle with water that is almost the same as human skin.
【００１３】上記構成において、水分透過膜１の裏側に
接触している水はこれの伸縮性多孔質膜２に有する微細
孔（汗腺細孔）を通って表面に浸透し、表面から蒸発す
る。このとき水の圧力が高くなると上記微細孔の径が広
げられて浸透量が多くなる。またこのとき、通電性の繊
維メッシュ３に通電することにより、これが発熱して上
記表面部に浸透した水が蒸発される。In the above structure, the water contacting the back side of the water permeable membrane 1 permeates the surface through the fine pores (sweat gland pores) of the stretchable porous membrane 2 and evaporates from the surface. At this time, when the pressure of water becomes higher, the diameter of the fine pores is expanded and the permeation amount is increased. Further, at this time, when the electrically conductive fiber mesh 3 is energized, it generates heat and water permeated into the surface portion is evaporated.
【００１４】このとき、繊維メッシュ３を加熱しない場
合は、水の圧力がかなり高くても不感蒸泄状態を維持す
る。繊維メッシュ３を加熱すると、水の圧力が１００ｍ
ｍＡｑ位までは不感蒸泄状態が保たれた。そしてこの繊
維メッシュ３に通電してそのときの水圧力が５００ｍｍ
Ａｑの場合には水の圧力で感蒸泄状態となり、表面部か
らの蒸発による大量放熱が行われる。At this time, if the fiber mesh 3 is not heated, the state of insensitivity is maintained even if the pressure of water is considerably high. When the fiber mesh 3 is heated, the water pressure is 100 m
The insensible state was maintained up to the mAq position. Then, when the fiber mesh 3 is energized, the water pressure at that time is 500 mm.
In the case of Aq, the pressure of water causes a steam-sensitive state, and a large amount of heat is radiated by evaporation from the surface.
【００１５】表１に実施例１，２，３，４について示
す。Table 1 shows Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4.
【００１６】[0016]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１７】上記各実施例において、実施例１では、１
０００時間後に発汗量が低下した。実施例２では、１０
００時間後の発汗量の低下がなかった。実施例３では、
１０００時間後の発汗量の低下はなかったが、１０００
時間後にカビが発生した。実施例４では、１０００時間
後の発汗量の低下及び２００時間後のカビの発生は共に
なかった。In each of the above embodiments, in the first embodiment, 1
The amount of sweat decreased after 000 hours. In Example 2, 10
There was no decrease in the amount of sweat after 00 hours. In Example 3,
There was no decrease in sweating after 1000 hours, but 1000
Mold developed after hours. In Example 4, there was neither decrease in the amount of sweat after 1000 hours nor generation of mold after 200 hours.
【００１８】上記実施例以外にも、膜内に複合する繊維
メッシュに、各金属繊維と非金属繊維を組み合わせたも
のを用いてもよい。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiment, a combination of each metal fiber and non-metal fiber may be used for the fiber mesh compounded in the film.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば伸縮性及び柔軟性を有す
ると共に、非常に低い圧力差の変化だけで不感蒸泄から
感蒸泄の広い発汗量範囲に適応できて人間の皮膚に近い
特質を得ることができる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it has elasticity and flexibility, and can adapt to a wide range of perspiration amount from insensitive vaporization to vaporization permeation by only a very small change in pressure difference, which is a characteristic close to human skin. Can be obtained.
【図１】本発明に係る水分透過膜を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a moisture permeable membrane according to the present invention.
１…水分透過膜、２…伸縮性多孔質膜、３…繊維メッシ
ュ、４…電源。1 ... Moisture permeable membrane, 2 ... Stretchable porous membrane, 3 ... Fiber mesh, 4 ... Power supply.
Claims (5)
したことを特徴とする水分透過膜。1. A moisture permeable membrane comprising a composite of a stretchable porous membrane 2 and a fiber mesh.
のステンレス、カンタル、ニクロム、銅、銀、ニッケ
ル、金、白金からなる金属線を用いたことを特徴とする
請求項１記載の水分透過膜。2. The fiber mesh has a diameter of 8 to 300 μm.
2. The moisture permeable membrane according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire made of stainless steel, Kanthal, nichrome, copper, silver, nickel, gold, platinum is used.
のポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリフ
ェニレンスルファイド、ポリエステル、芳香族ポリエス
テル、ポリプロピレン、ガラス繊維、アルミナ繊維、炭
素繊維からなる非金属線を用いたことを特徴とする請求
項１記載の水分透過膜。3. The fiber mesh has a diameter of 8 to 300 μm.
2. The moisture permeable membrane according to claim 1, wherein the non-metal wire made of the polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, aromatic polyester, polypropylene, glass fiber, alumina fiber, or carbon fiber is used. ..
バルト、鉄、金、パラジウムの少なくとも１つの金属を
メッキとしたことを特徴とする請求項２記載の水分透過
膜。4. The moisture permeable membrane according to claim 2, wherein the non-metal wire is plated with at least one metal of copper, nickel, chrome, cobalt, iron, gold and palladium.
裏面部と細孔部の少なくとも一方において、水との接触
角度が９０度以上の疎水性を有していることを特徴とす
る請求項１記載の水分透過膜。5. The hydrophobic property that the contact angle with water is 90 degrees or more in at least one of the front surface portion, the rear surface portion, and the rear surface portion and the fine pore portion excluding the front surface portion of the fine pore portion. The water-permeable membrane according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4135734A JPH05309244A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1992-04-30 | Water-permeable membrane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4135734A JPH05309244A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1992-04-30 | Water-permeable membrane |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05309244A true JPH05309244A (en) | 1993-11-22 |
Family
ID=15158627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4135734A Pending JPH05309244A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1992-04-30 | Water-permeable membrane |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05309244A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009038048A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-26 | Shimane Prefectural Government | Metal covered carbon material and carbon-metal composite material using the metal covered carbon material |
| JP2013527794A (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2013-07-04 | イー・エム・デイー・ミリポア・コーポレイシヨン | Polymer membrane with human skin-like permeability and use thereof |
| CN112520779A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-19 | 贵州理工学院 | Porous copper oxide nanowire material and preparation method thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-04-30 JP JP4135734A patent/JPH05309244A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009038048A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-26 | Shimane Prefectural Government | Metal covered carbon material and carbon-metal composite material using the metal covered carbon material |
| JP2013527794A (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2013-07-04 | イー・エム・デイー・ミリポア・コーポレイシヨン | Polymer membrane with human skin-like permeability and use thereof |
| CN112520779A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-19 | 贵州理工学院 | Porous copper oxide nanowire material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112520779B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-09-15 | 贵州理工学院 | Porous copper oxide nanowire material and preparation method thereof |
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