JPH05297332A - Optical modulator - Google Patents

Optical modulator

Info

Publication number
JPH05297332A
JPH05297332A JP9973592A JP9973592A JPH05297332A JP H05297332 A JPH05297332 A JP H05297332A JP 9973592 A JP9973592 A JP 9973592A JP 9973592 A JP9973592 A JP 9973592A JP H05297332 A JPH05297332 A JP H05297332A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
optical
modulator
waveguides
optical waveguide
branch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP9973592A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Manabu Yamada
学 山田
Toru Sugamata
徹 菅又
Jun Hidaka
潤 日高
Kazumasa Kiuchi
和昌 木内
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Cement Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Cement Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Cement Co Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Cement Co Ltd
Priority to JP9973592A priority Critical patent/JPH05297332A/en
Publication of JPH05297332A publication Critical patent/JPH05297332A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the optical modulator which can widely control its operation point shift value without any increase in half-wave voltage Vpi nor deterioration in modulation band by controlling the optical path length difference of the branch optical waveguide of a Mach-Zehnder optical modulator while holding the interval of the parallel part of the branch optical waveguide equal to that of conventional symmetrical branch optical waveguide structure. CONSTITUTION:On a plane substrate 1 which has electrooptic effect, optical waveguides 2 and 2e which have 1st and 2nd optical waveguides 2a and 2b which are branched and confluent at two Y branches 2c and 2d are provided, and a signal electrode 3 and ground electrodes 4a and 4b are provided so as to generate a phase difference between light beams propagated in the 1st and 2nd branch optical waveguides 2a and 2b, thus constituting the Mach-Zehnder optical modulator. Part of the part where the 1st and 2nd branch optical waveguides 2a1 and 2b1 are parallel is curved while the mutual interval is held to generate the optical path length difference between the two optical waveguides.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、外部からの電気信号に
より光変調を行なうための外部変調器の、光導波路に関
する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical waveguide of an external modulator for performing optical modulation by an electric signal from the outside.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】最近の光通信システムにおける光変調方
式としては、光源としてのレーザ・ダイオードを直接に
変調する方式が用いられているが、この方式では変調光
波長の時間的微小変動、いわゆる、チャ−ピング現象が
存在するため、数GHz以上の高速化や長距離伝送には
限界がある。今後、より大容量、長距離伝送が必要とさ
れることから、より高速、低駆動電圧でチャ−ピングが
無く、しかも、変調器動作点が制御できる光変調器の開
発が求められている。
2. Description of the Related Art As a light modulation system in a recent optical communication system, a system in which a laser diode as a light source is directly modulated is used. In this system, a minute variation in wavelength of modulated light, that is, so-called Due to the existence of the chirping phenomenon, there is a limit to speeding up over several GHz and long-distance transmission. In the future, since larger capacity and longer distance transmission will be required, there is a demand for the development of an optical modulator that is faster, has a low driving voltage, does not have chirping, and can control the modulator operating point.

【0003】現在、光通信システムにおける高速変調方
式としては、レーザ光を外部で変調する外部変調方式が
知られている。特に電気光学効果を有する基板上に分岐
導波路を設け、進行波型電極を用いて駆動するマッハ・
ツェンダ型光強度変調器が有望視されている。図5は、
通常のマッハ・ツェンダ型光強度変調器の一例を示す構
造図である。(a)は平面図で、(b)は中央部Y−
Y’線に沿う断面図である。電気光学効果を有する基板
1の表面部分に、分岐型光導波路2a、2bが、その部
分のみを選択的に屈折率を高める方法で形成され、光が
閉じ込められるようになっている。なお、分岐光導波路
2a及び2bは、対称的な形状に作製されており、長さ
は等しくなっている。信号電極3と接地電極4a、4b
は、いずれも金等の金属薄膜により形成されている。5
はバッファー層で、通常、SiO2 等の薄膜である。
At present, as a high speed modulation method in an optical communication system, an external modulation method is known in which laser light is externally modulated. In particular, a branch waveguide is provided on a substrate having an electro-optic effect, and a Mach
A Zehnder type optical intensity modulator is regarded as promising. Figure 5
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram showing an example of a normal Mach-Zehnder type optical intensity modulator. (A) is a plan view, (b) is a central portion Y-
It is sectional drawing which follows the Y'line. The branch type optical waveguides 2a and 2b are formed on the surface portion of the substrate 1 having the electro-optical effect by a method of selectively increasing the refractive index only in that portion so that light is confined. The branched optical waveguides 2a and 2b are formed in symmetrical shapes and have the same length. Signal electrode 3 and ground electrodes 4a, 4b
Are formed of a metal thin film such as gold. 5
Is a buffer layer, which is usually a thin film such as SiO 2 .

【0004】図6は、図5のマッハ・ツェンダ型光強度
変調器の動作状態を示すグラフであり、横軸に駆動電
圧、縦軸に出力光強度をとっており、実線が図5の変調
器の動作状態を示す。図5の分岐導波路2の左側から入
射した光は、分岐部2cにより分岐導波路2a、2bに
等強度に分割され、合流部2dにより再度1つにまとめ
られる。この際に、駆動電圧が0(印加しない)であれ
ば、合流端2dにおいて両導波路相互の光の位相差は0
で最大光出力強度が得られる。駆動電圧として、Vπを
電源6より信号電極3に印加した場合には、電気光学効
果により両導波路間の屈折率に変化が生じ、光の進行速
度が変わるため、合流点2dにおける両導波路相互の光
は、半波長(π)分の位相差を生じて、相互に打ち消し
あい、光出力強度は0となる。従って、0及びVπとな
るように駆動電圧を印加することにより、光信号出力と
しては、on(0の場合)及びoff(vπの場合)の
信号として得ることができる。なお、Rは終端抵抗であ
る。
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the operating state of the Mach-Zehnder type optical intensity modulator shown in FIG. 5, in which the horizontal axis represents the drive voltage and the vertical axis represents the output light intensity. The solid line in FIG. Shows the operating state of the vessel. Lights incident from the left side of the branch waveguide 2 in FIG. 5 are equally divided into the branch waveguides 2a and 2b by the branch portion 2c, and are combined again by the confluence portion 2d. At this time, if the drive voltage is 0 (not applied), the phase difference of the light between the two waveguides is 0 at the merging end 2d.
Maximum light output intensity is obtained at. When Vπ is applied as the drive voltage from the power source 6 to the signal electrode 3, the refractive index between the waveguides is changed due to the electro-optic effect, and the traveling speed of light is changed. Therefore, the waveguides at the junction 2d are changed. Mutual lights generate a phase difference of half a wavelength (π) and cancel each other, and the light output intensity becomes zero. Therefore, by applying the drive voltage so as to be 0 and Vπ, the optical signal output can be obtained as on (when 0) and off (when vπ) signals. In addition, R is a terminal resistance.

【0005】一方、このような光変調器を実際に使用す
る場合には、動作点をシフトさせ、例えば、図6の点線
に示したように光信号出力のon−offを逆転させる
(即ち、駆動電圧0でoff、vπでonする)必要が
ある場合がある。従って、動作点シフトの制御が重要な
課題となる。動作点シフトの制御方法としては、変調電
圧にDCバイアスを印加する方法が考えられる。図5、
6の例では、駆動電圧に対して、+Vπ若しくは−Vπ
を印加することにより、動作点をVπ分、即ち、πだけ
シフトさせ、光信号出力のon−offを逆転すること
ができる。然し乍ら、この方法は、動作点の経時変化、
即ち、DCドリフトが発生するため、実用に耐えないと
いう問題がある。
On the other hand, when such an optical modulator is actually used, the operating point is shifted and, for example, the on-off of the optical signal output is reversed as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 6 (that is, It may be necessary to turn it off at driving voltage 0 and on at vπ). Therefore, control of the operating point shift is an important issue. As a method of controlling the operating point shift, a method of applying a DC bias to the modulation voltage can be considered. Figure 5,
In the example of 6, the drive voltage is + Vπ or −Vπ
, The operating point can be shifted by Vπ, that is, by π, and the on-off of the optical signal output can be reversed. However, this method is
That is, there is a problem that it cannot be put to practical use because DC drift occurs.

【0006】これに対して、分岐導波路2a、2b間に
光路長差を設けた非対称分岐導波路構造とすることによ
り、動作点シフトの制御を行なう方法が提案されてい
る。図7は、従来の動作点シフト型非対称分岐導波路構
造を有する光変調器の構造を示す。この場合、2本の分
岐光導波路の一方、例えば、2’aを、対称型の位置
2’a’と比べ、分岐/合流点の頂点を結ぶ線X−X’
に対して、引き離した構造とすることにより、2つの導
波路間に光路長差を設け、変調器動作点のシフトを制御
する。より詳細には、Y型分岐部に形成されるS字曲線
光導波路部において、その変曲部に直線2’g、2’h
を挾むことにより、光路長を増加させている。
On the other hand, a method has been proposed in which the operating point shift is controlled by using an asymmetric branch waveguide structure in which an optical path length difference is provided between the branch waveguides 2a and 2b. FIG. 7 shows a structure of a conventional optical modulator having an operating point shift type asymmetric branch waveguide structure. In this case, one of the two branched optical waveguides, for example, 2'a, is compared with the symmetrical position 2'a ', and a line XX' connecting the vertices of the branching / merging point is compared.
On the other hand, with the separated structure, an optical path length difference is provided between the two waveguides to control the shift of the modulator operating point. More specifically, in the S-shaped curved optical waveguide portion formed in the Y-shaped branch portion, straight lines 2′g and 2′h are provided in the inflection portion.
The optical path length is increased by sandwiching.

【0007】また、従来の電界センサ等の各種センサで
は、検出部から記録、制御部までを電気信号回路で結ん
でいる。然し乍ら、信号電圧が微弱であることから伝達
回路系において外乱を受け易く、安定動作や調整に問題
が生じている。そこで、検出部において電気信号を光信
号に変換し、検出部と記録、制御部を光信号(光ファイ
バー)で結ぶことにより、外乱を受けることを防止する
方法が提案されている。この場合における、電気/光変
換装置として、前記光通信システムに用いられているも
のと同様の、マッハ・ツェンダ型光変調器の使用が提案
されている。この場合、高感度化のため、低駆動電圧
化、並びに、変調器動作点の移動、調整等の制御が不可
欠となっており、このような要求を満たす外部変調器が
求められている。
Further, in various sensors such as the conventional electric field sensor, an electric signal circuit connects the detecting unit to the recording / controlling unit. However, since the signal voltage is weak, the transfer circuit system is easily affected by disturbance, which causes problems in stable operation and adjustment. Therefore, there has been proposed a method of preventing an external disturbance by converting an electric signal into an optical signal in the detection unit and connecting the detection unit and the recording / control unit with an optical signal (optical fiber). In this case, the use of a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator, which is similar to that used in the optical communication system, has been proposed as the electrical / optical conversion device. In this case, in order to improve the sensitivity, it is indispensable to lower the driving voltage and control the movement and adjustment of the modulator operating point, and an external modulator satisfying such requirements is required.

【0008】然し乍ら、マッハ・ツェンダ型光変調器を
実際に使用する場合、電気信号が微弱であること、電気
信号強度に対して光信号強度の直線性が必要とされるこ
とから、動作点を、π/2シフトした図6の一点鎖線で
示した特性で使用される場合が多い。この場合、動作点
シフトの制御方法としては、光通信システムの場合と同
様に直流バイアスの印加が考えられる。然し乍ら、直流
バイアス電源として電池等の内部電源を用いた場合では
長期安定性を得ることが難しく、一方、外部より電源を
供給する場合では、供給のための電気回路が外乱を受け
るため、信号回路を光として、ノイズを除去すること自
体が無意味になってしまうという欠点がある。従って、
直流バイアス印加は、光通信システムの場合以上に難し
いものである。更に、電界センサでは、センサ周囲の電
場を直接電気信号として使用するため、DCバイアスの
印加自体がセンサ特性を変化させてしまうため、DCバ
イアスの使用自体が不可能である。
However, when actually using the Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator, since the electric signal is weak and the linearity of the optical signal strength with respect to the electric signal strength is required, the operating point is , Π / 2 shift is often used with the characteristic shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. In this case, as a method of controlling the operating point shift, application of DC bias can be considered as in the case of the optical communication system. However, it is difficult to obtain long-term stability when an internal power source such as a battery is used as a DC bias power source, while on the other hand, when the power source is supplied from the outside, the electric circuit for the supply is disturbed, so that the signal circuit There is a drawback in that removing noise by using light as light becomes meaningless. Therefore,
Applying DC bias is more difficult than in optical communication systems. Further, in the electric field sensor, since the electric field around the sensor is directly used as an electric signal, the application of the DC bias itself changes the sensor characteristics, so that the DC bias itself cannot be used.

【0009】そこで、光通信システムに使用する場合と
同様に、分岐導波路2a、2b間の光路長差を設けた非
対称分岐導波路により、動作点シフトの制御を行なうこ
とが提案されている。図8は、従来の動作点シフト型非
対称分岐導波路構造を有する電界センサ型光変調器の例
の構造を示す。この場合、光変調器自体が電界センサと
しての機能を有している。構造的には、分岐光導波路構
造は光通信システム用と同じく、2本の分岐光導波路の
一方、例えば、2”aを対称型の位置2”a’と比し
て、線X−X’に対して引き離した構造とすることによ
り、2つの導波路間に光路長差を設け、変調器動作点を
π/2シフトしている。電界を検出するアンテナ7は、
光変調器の電極(集中定数型)3a、3bに直接接続さ
れており、外部環境の電界により、アンテナに誘起され
る電位により、光信号を制御している。
Therefore, as in the case of using the optical communication system, it has been proposed that the operating point shift be controlled by an asymmetric branch waveguide having a difference in optical path length between the branch waveguides 2a and 2b. FIG. 8 shows a structure of an example of an electric field sensor type optical modulator having a conventional operating point shift type asymmetric branching waveguide structure. In this case, the optical modulator itself has a function as an electric field sensor. Structurally, the branched optical waveguide structure is similar to that for the optical communication system, and one of the two branched optical waveguides, for example, 2 "a is compared with the symmetrical position 2" a ', and the line XX' is compared. In contrast to this, by providing a structure separated from each other, an optical path length difference is provided between the two waveguides, and the modulator operating point is shifted by π / 2. The antenna 7 for detecting the electric field is
It is directly connected to the electrodes (lumped constant type) 3a and 3b of the optical modulator, and controls the optical signal by the potential induced in the antenna by the electric field of the external environment.

【0010】また、特開平3−184015号は、マッ
ハ・ツェンダ型光変調器において、分岐光導波路を伝播
する光の間に位相差を生じさせるために、平行光導波路
部分を除く分岐光導波路部分に湾曲部を形成すること、
或いは、光入射側部分と光出射部分を、平行光導波路に
対して同じ方向に傾けることが行なわれている。
Further, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 3-184015 discloses a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator, in which a branch optical waveguide portion except a parallel optical waveguide portion is formed in order to generate a phase difference between lights propagating in the branch optical waveguide. Forming a curved portion on the
Alternatively, the light incident side portion and the light emitting portion are tilted in the same direction with respect to the parallel optical waveguide.

【0011】[0011]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】然し乍ら、前記のよう
な光通信システム用及び各種センサ用のような非対称分
岐導波路を有する光変調器では、一方の分岐導波路(上
記では、2’a並びに2”a)を分岐/合流点の頂点を
結ぶ線X−X’に対して、引き離した構造とすることか
ら、分岐導波路2’a、2’bの相互間、並びに、2”
a、2”bの相互間の間隔d’並びにd”は、対称型導
波路の場合、d’0(図5.7、8参照)に比べ必然的
に離れてしまう。このため、従来の光通信システム用の
場合には、駆動電圧の増加、帯域の低減等、また、各種
センサ用としては、感度の低下等を招いてしまい、問題
となっており、解決が求められている。また、この非対
称導波路構造の場合、動作点シフト値を制御するために
分岐導波路長即ち光路長差を変えた場合、分岐導波路相
互の間隔;d’並びにd”も同時に変わってしまうた
め、動作点シフト以外の各種特性の把握、制御並びに特
性解析などが、非常に困難になり、解決が望まれる。
However, in an optical modulator having an asymmetric branch waveguide for the above-mentioned optical communication system and for various sensors as described above, one of the branch waveguides (in the above, 2'a and Since 2 ″ a) has a structure separated from the line XX ′ that connects the vertices of the branching / merging points, the branching waveguides 2′a and 2′b are connected to each other and 2 ″.
The distances d'and d "between a and 2" b inevitably become larger than d' 0 (see FIGS. 5.7 and 8) in the case of a symmetric waveguide. Therefore, in the case of the conventional optical communication system, the driving voltage is increased, the band is reduced, and the sensitivity is lowered for various sensors, which is a problem, and a solution is required. Has been. Further, in the case of this asymmetrical waveguide structure, when the branching waveguide length, that is, the optical path length difference is changed to control the operating point shift value, the intervals between the branching waveguides; d ′ and d ″ also change at the same time. However, grasping various characteristics other than operating point shift, control, and characteristic analysis become very difficult, and a solution is desired.

【0012】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記の技術的
な課題の解決のために、電気光学効果を有する平面状基
板に、2個のY分岐若しくは3dBカップラーを用いた
第1及び第2の分岐部により、分岐し、そして合流され
る第1及び第2の光導波路を有する光導波路を設け、前
記の第1及び第2の分岐光導波路を伝播する光の間に位
相差を生じさせるように、信号電極及び接地電極を設け
た構造からなるマッハ・ツェンダ型光変調器において、
前記の第1及び第2の分岐光導波路の平行している部分
の一部分を、相互の間隔を保持して湾曲させることによ
り、2本の光導波路間に光路長差を生じさせることを特
徴とする前記光変調器を提供する。即ち、上記の特開平
3−184015号の解決法である、平行光導波路部分
を除く分岐光導波路部分に湾曲部を形成すること、或い
は、光入射側部分と光出射部分を、平行光導波路に対し
て同じ方向に傾けることとは、まったく逆に、平行分岐
光導波路の平行している部分の一部分を、相互の間隔を
保持して湾曲させることにより、解決しようとするもの
である。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a first and a second system in which two Y-branches or 3 dB couplers are used on a planar substrate having an electro-optical effect. An optical waveguide having first and second optical waveguides that are branched and merged by the two branching portions is provided, and a phase difference is generated between the lights propagating through the first and second branched optical waveguides. As described above, in the Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator having a structure in which a signal electrode and a ground electrode are provided,
The first and the second branched optical waveguides are partially curved in parallel with each other and are curved while maintaining a mutual interval therebetween, thereby causing an optical path length difference between the two optical waveguides. The optical modulator is provided. That is, a curved portion is formed in the branch optical waveguide portion excluding the parallel optical waveguide portion, which is a solution of the above-mentioned JP-A-3-184015, or the light incident side portion and the light emitting portion are formed into parallel optical waveguide portions. On the contrary, to incline in the same direction is to solve the problem by bending a part of the parallel portions of the parallel branch optical waveguide while keeping a distance between them.

【0013】[0013]

【作用】本発明の変調器の構造によると、位相変調部、
即ち変調用電極構成部である分岐光導波路中央平行部2
a1、2b1(図1参照)の間隔d0 を、従来の対称型
分岐光導波路構造のものと同一にしたままで、分岐光導
波路の光路長差を制御することができる。従って、半波
長電圧Vπの増大、並びに、変調帯域の劣化を招くこと
はない。即ち、光通信システム用の場合には駆動電圧の
増加、変調帯域の劣化を招くことなく、また、各種セン
サ用の場合には感度の低下、変調帯域の劣化を招くこと
なく、変調器動作点シフト値を幅広く制御することがで
きる。また、分岐光導波路の間隔d0 は、動作点シフト
値の変化にかかわらず一定であり、光路長差の制御は、
湾曲部の角度を変えるだけで済むことであるから、各種
特性の把持、制御並びに特性解析なども何ら問題なく行
なうことができる。
According to the structure of the modulator of the present invention, the phase modulator,
That is, the central parallel portion 2 of the branch optical waveguide that is the modulation electrode constituent portion
The optical path length difference of the branched optical waveguide can be controlled by keeping the distance d 0 between a1 and 2b1 (see FIG. 1) the same as that of the conventional symmetrical branched optical waveguide structure. Therefore, the half-wave voltage Vπ is not increased and the modulation band is not deteriorated. That is, in the case of an optical communication system, the driving voltage is not increased and the modulation band is not deteriorated, and in the case of various sensors, the sensitivity is lowered and the modulation band is not deteriorated. The shift value can be widely controlled. The distance d 0 between the branched optical waveguides is constant regardless of changes in the operating point shift value, and the control of the optical path length difference is
Since it suffices to change the angle of the bending portion, grasping of various characteristics, control, and characteristic analysis can be performed without any problems.

【0014】次に、従来型の非対称分岐光導波路構造で
は、光路長差を得るための部分は、分岐光導波路2a、
2b間相互の間隔が変化しているため、この部分に電極
を設けることはできなかった。然し、本発明の変調器の
構造では、光路長差を得るために湾曲させた部分は、分
岐光導波路2a、2b間相互の間隔が、直線部分を含め
て一定であることから、この湾曲部分に電極を設けるこ
とが可能であり、光路長差を得るための導波路のみの部
分がないことから、変調器自体の長さ(光導波路と平行
方向)の増大を招くことがなく、この点でも有利な構造
である。
Next, in the conventional asymmetrical branched optical waveguide structure, the portion for obtaining the optical path length difference is the branched optical waveguide 2a,
It was not possible to provide an electrode in this portion because the mutual distance between the 2b was changed. However, in the structure of the modulator of the present invention, the curved portion for obtaining the optical path length difference has a constant interval between the branched optical waveguides 2a and 2b, including the straight portion, so that the curved portion Since it is possible to provide an electrode on the optical waveguide and there is no portion only for the waveguide for obtaining the optical path length difference, this does not lead to an increase in the length of the modulator itself (in the direction parallel to the optical waveguide). But it is an advantageous structure.

【0015】尚、電気光学効果を有する基板1における
電気光学効果が、基板の方向により極端に変化する場合
には、湾曲型部に電極を設けることが難しいため、本発
明における分岐型光導波路構造を用い、その直線平行部
のみに電極を設ける構造とすることにより、支障無く使
用することができる。また、電気光学効果を有する基板
1における電気光学効果が、基板の方向により若干変化
する場合にも、前記と同様に、湾曲部に電極を設けるこ
とに問題が発生する可能性がある。然し乍ら、湾曲角度
θは、実際には、1°以下の場合がほとんどであり、基
板1の異方性による影響は、ほとんど無視できるため、
湾曲部に電極を設けても、支障なく使用することができ
る。また、電気光学効果を有する基板1における電気光
学効果が、基板の方向によらず、等方的な場合には、湾
曲部に電極を設けても問題なく使用することができる。
When the electro-optical effect of the substrate 1 having the electro-optical effect is extremely changed depending on the direction of the substrate, it is difficult to provide an electrode on the curved mold portion. Therefore, the branched optical waveguide structure of the present invention is provided. It is possible to use the device without any trouble by adopting a structure in which the electrode is provided only in the straight parallel portion. Further, even when the electro-optical effect in the substrate 1 having the electro-optical effect changes slightly depending on the direction of the substrate, there may be a problem in providing the electrode in the curved portion, as in the above. However, the bending angle θ is actually 1 ° or less in most cases, and the influence of the anisotropy of the substrate 1 can be almost ignored.
Even if an electrode is provided on the curved portion, it can be used without any trouble. Further, when the electro-optical effect of the substrate 1 having the electro-optical effect is isotropic regardless of the direction of the substrate, it is possible to use the electrode without problems even if the electrode is provided in the curved portion.

【0016】次に、本発明を具体的に実施例により説明
するが、本発明はそれらによって限定されるものではな
い。
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

【0017】[0017]

【実施例1】図1は、本発明の光変調器を概略に示す光
変調器の平面図(a)及び断面図(b)である。電気光
学効果を有する基板1として、長さ30mm×幅0.8
mm×厚さ0.5mmのLiNbO3 のZ板を使用し
た。この基板1の上に、厚さ約90nmのTi薄膜を、
2で示す導波路形状に形成した後、約1000℃、10
時間空気中で加熱することにより、TiをLiNbO3
結晶中に熱拡散し、分岐光導波路2を形成した。
Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a plan view (a) and a sectional view (b) of an optical modulator schematically showing the optical modulator of the present invention. The substrate 1 having the electro-optical effect has a length of 30 mm and a width of 0.8
A LiNbO 3 Z plate having a size of mm × 0.5 mm was used. On this substrate 1, a Ti thin film having a thickness of about 90 nm is formed.
After forming into the waveguide shape shown by 2, the temperature is about 1000 ° C.
By heating in air for a period of time, Ti is added to LiNbO 3
The branched optical waveguide 2 was formed by thermally diffusing into the crystal.

【0018】導波路幅は、7μmで、変調用電極構成部
である分岐光導波路中央の直線部2a1、2b1の長さ
は、13.5mm、間隔d0 は15μmとした。光導波
路湾曲部2a2、2b2は、各々直線部2a1、2b1
並びにY分岐部2dの各導波路と滑らかにつながるよう
にした。湾曲部の形状は、同心円状とし、曲率半径は両
導波路間の中心で50mm、湾曲角度θは、0°、0.
47°、0.94°の3種類とした。なお、湾曲角度0
°のものは、従来の対称型光導波路構造を有するものと
全く同一であり、比較用として作製した。
The width of the waveguide is 7 μm, the length of the linear portions 2a1 and 2b1 at the center of the branched optical waveguide, which is the modulation electrode constituent portion, is 13.5 mm, and the distance d 0 is 15 μm. The optical waveguide curved portions 2a2 and 2b2 are linear portions 2a1 and 2b1 respectively.
In addition, the waveguides of the Y branch portion 2d are connected smoothly. The shape of the curved portion is concentric, the radius of curvature is 50 mm at the center between both waveguides, and the bending angle θ is 0 °, 0.
There are three types, 47 ° and 0.94 °. The bending angle is 0
The one having the same degree was exactly the same as the one having the conventional symmetrical optical waveguide structure, and was manufactured for comparison.

【0019】次に、SiO2 を400nmの厚さに成膜
した後、約600℃でアニ−ルし、バッファー層を形成
した。信号電極3は、進行波型構造とし、分岐光導波路
2a1、2b1の直線部分のみに設ける構造とした。電
極長は、湾曲角度にかかわらず13.5mmで一定とし
た。作製は、Ti/Au電極膜を蒸着した後、約7μm
幅にパターンエッチングし、その上に厚さ5μmのAu
膜電極をメッキにより形成した。接地電極は、信号電極
の両側に配する構造とし、信号電極と同時に形成した。
Next, a SiO 2 film having a thickness of 400 nm was formed and then annealed at about 600 ° C. to form a buffer layer. The signal electrode 3 has a traveling wave type structure and is provided only on the straight line portions of the branched optical waveguides 2a1 and 2b1. The electrode length was fixed at 13.5 mm regardless of the bending angle. Fabrication is about 7 μm after deposition of Ti / Au electrode film
Pattern etching to width and Au of 5 μm thickness on it
The membrane electrode was formed by plating. The ground electrode was formed on both sides of the signal electrode, and was formed simultaneously with the signal electrode.

【0020】以上の構造の光導波路に、波長1.55μ
mのレーザ光を導入し、電源6より信号電極3に電圧を
印加した結果を、図2に示す。図2(a)は、各湾曲角
度における出力光強度と印加駆動電圧の関係を示すグラ
フであり、図2(b)は、各湾曲角度と駆動電圧(半波
長電圧:Vπ)の関係を示し、図2(c)は、光学的3
dBダウンの値を示した変調帯域(GHz)と湾曲角度
との関係を示す。湾曲角度θを、0°、0.47°、
0.94°とすることにより、分岐光導波路の光路長差
が、各々波長の0、1/4、1/2倍となり、図2
(a)に示すように動作点を制御良くシフトさせること
ができた。また、図2(b)に示すように、駆動電圧
(半波長電圧:Vπ)は、湾曲角度を変化させた場合で
も湾曲角度0のものと変わらず一定であり、更に図2
(c)に示すように変調帯域も変化せず、従来の構造の
欠点を排除することができた。本明細書の実施例では、
基板として、LiNbO3 結晶のZカット板を用いて説
明したが、基板としては、Zカット板のみならず、Yカ
ット板やXカット板は、勿論、他の材料、例えば、Li
TaO3 結晶やKTP結晶等の電気光学効果を有するも
のであれば、何でも使用することができる。
The optical waveguide having the above structure has a wavelength of 1.55 μm.
FIG. 2 shows the result of introducing a laser beam of m and applying a voltage from the power source 6 to the signal electrode 3. 2A is a graph showing the relationship between the output light intensity and the applied drive voltage at each bending angle, and FIG. 2B shows the relationship between each bending angle and the driving voltage (half-wavelength voltage: Vπ). , FIG. 2 (c) shows optical 3
The relationship between the modulation | alteration band (GHz) which showed the value of dB down, and a bending angle is shown. The bending angle θ is 0 °, 0.47 °,
By setting it to 0.94 °, the optical path length difference of the branched optical waveguide becomes 0, 1/4, and 1/2 times the wavelength, respectively.
As shown in (a), the operating point could be shifted with good control. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the drive voltage (half-wavelength voltage: Vπ) is constant even when the bending angle is changed, and is constant as in the case where the bending angle is 0.
As shown in (c), the modulation band did not change, and the defects of the conventional structure could be eliminated. In the examples herein,
Although the Z-cut plate of LiNbO 3 crystal is used as the substrate in the description, the substrate is not limited to the Z-cut plate, and Y-cut plate and X-cut plate can be used as a matter of course for other materials such as Li.
Any material having an electro-optical effect such as TaO 3 crystal or KTP crystal can be used.

【0021】[0021]

【実施例2】図3は、本発明の他の例の光導波路を示
す。図3(a)は、平面図で、(b)は、中央部Y−
Y’線に沿う断面図である。湾曲部の形状は、同心円状
とし、曲率半径は両導波路間の中心で200mmであ
り、湾曲角度θは、0.47°とした。導波路幅は、7
μmであり、分岐光導波路直線部2a1、2b1の長さ
は、約1.6mmとした。また、湾曲部2a2、2b2
は各々直線部2a1、2b1並びにY分岐部2dの各導
波路と滑らかにつながるようにした。尚、湾曲角度0°
(即ち従来の対称型光導波路構造を有するもの)のもの
も、比較用として作製した。基板の材質/寸法、分岐光
導波路の作製、バッファー層の作製、電極の作製は、前
記の実施例1と同様に行なった。
Second Embodiment FIG. 3 shows an optical waveguide according to another example of the present invention. 3A is a plan view and FIG. 3B is a central portion Y-
It is sectional drawing which follows the Y'line. The shape of the curved portion was concentric, the radius of curvature was 200 mm at the center between both waveguides, and the bending angle θ was 0.47 °. The waveguide width is 7
μm, and the length of the branched optical waveguide linear portions 2a1 and 2b1 was set to about 1.6 mm. Also, the curved portions 2a2, 2b2
Are each smoothly connected to the respective waveguides of the straight portions 2a1 and 2b1 and the Y branch portion 2d. The bending angle is 0 °
Those having a conventional symmetrical optical waveguide structure were also prepared for comparison. The materials / dimensions of the substrate, the branched optical waveguide, the buffer layer, and the electrode were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 above.

【0022】図3の電極3、4の構造は、センサ用とし
て使用が考慮されている集中定数型とし、光導波路湾曲
部2a2、2b2も含めて電極が構成される形とした。
電極の有効長は14mmとした。本実施例で作製した光
導波路に、波長1.55μmのレーザ光を導入し、電源
6より信号電極3に電圧を印加して測定した結果を、図
4に示す。図4(a)は出力光強度と印加駆動電圧の関
係を示し、図4(b)は駆動電圧(半波長電圧)を従来
の対称型光導波路構造(湾曲角度0°)のものと比較し
たものである。上記の寸法設定を行なうことにより、分
岐光導波路の光路長差が波長の1/4になり、図4
(a)に示すように動作点を制御良くシフトさせること
ができた。また、図4(b)に示すように、駆動電圧
(半波長電圧:Vπ)は従来の対称型光導波路構造のも
のと変わらず一定であり、従来の構造の欠点を排除する
ことができた。
The structure of the electrodes 3 and 4 in FIG. 3 is a lumped constant type which is considered to be used for a sensor, and the electrodes are configured to include the curved portions 2a2 and 2b2 of the optical waveguide.
The effective length of the electrode was 14 mm. FIG. 4 shows the measurement results obtained by introducing a laser beam having a wavelength of 1.55 μm into the optical waveguide manufactured in this example and applying a voltage from the power source 6 to the signal electrode 3. FIG. 4A shows the relationship between the output light intensity and the applied drive voltage, and FIG. 4B compares the drive voltage (half-wavelength voltage) with that of the conventional symmetrical optical waveguide structure (curve angle 0 °). It is a thing. By performing the above dimension setting, the optical path length difference of the branched optical waveguide becomes 1/4 of the wavelength,
As shown in (a), the operating point could be shifted with good control. Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the drive voltage (half-wavelength voltage: Vπ) is the same as that of the conventional symmetrical optical waveguide structure and is constant, and the defects of the conventional structure can be eliminated. ..

【0023】以上はあくまで実施例であり、使用する基
板材料(LiTaO3 等の酸化物、GaAs等の半導体
等の各種材料)、光導波路の構成、電極の構成等の要因
に関しては、本発明の趣旨に沿うものであれば、任意に
選択、組合わせが可能である。例えば、上記の実施例で
は、分岐平行光導波路の片端を湾曲させているが、これ
に限定されるものではなく、湾曲部を2ケ所以上設けて
もよく、また、分岐光導波路の中央部等の他の部分を湾
曲させても良い。更に、上記実施例では湾曲形状を同心
円状としたが、これに限定されるものではなく、湾曲部
の分岐導波路2a2、2b2間相互の間隔が同一に保た
れれば楕円状、放射線状などの他の形状を用いても良
い。また、光の入力/出力は図中の導波路2の左右端い
ずれでもかまわない。これは、上記のように構造を変化
させた場合も同様である。なお、図1並びに図2の右端
の光導波路曲線部2eは、基板端面と光導波路を直角に
接するようにするために設けたものであり、必ずしも必
要ではなく、従って、本発明とは直接関係しないもので
ある。
The above is merely an example, and the factors such as the substrate material used (oxides such as LiTaO 3 and various materials such as semiconductors such as GaAs), the configuration of the optical waveguide, the configuration of the electrodes, etc. of the present invention are described. Any items can be selected and combined as long as they fit the purpose. For example, in the above embodiment, one end of the branched parallel optical waveguide is curved, but the present invention is not limited to this, and two or more curved portions may be provided, and the central portion of the branched optical waveguide or the like may be provided. The other part may be curved. Furthermore, although the curved shape is concentric in the above embodiment, the invention is not limited to this, and if the distance between the branched waveguides 2a2 and 2b2 of the curved portion is kept the same, an elliptical shape, a radial shape, etc. Other shapes may be used. Further, the light input / output may be at either the left or right end of the waveguide 2 in the figure. This is also the case when the structure is changed as described above. The optical waveguide curve portion 2e at the right end in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided so as to contact the substrate end face and the optical waveguide at a right angle, and is not always necessary. Therefore, it is directly related to the present invention. It does not.

【0024】[0024]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の光変調器
の構造により、次のような顕著な技術的効果が得られ
た。第1に、従来型の対称型光導波路構造の光変調器に
対して、駆動電圧の増大並びに変調帯域の劣化を招くこ
となく、変調器動作点のシフト値を任意に制御すること
ができる。第2に、従って、高速光通信システム、各種
センサ等の用いられる光変調器の性能向上に寄与するこ
とが極めて大きい。
As described above, with the structure of the optical modulator of the present invention, the following remarkable technical effects are obtained. First, with respect to the conventional optical modulator having a symmetrical optical waveguide structure, the shift value of the modulator operating point can be arbitrarily controlled without causing an increase in driving voltage and deterioration of the modulation band. Secondly, therefore, it greatly contributes to the performance improvement of an optical modulator used in a high-speed optical communication system, various sensors and the like.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の光変調器の1例の構造を示す平面図及
びそのA−A’線に沿う断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a structure of an example of an optical modulator of the present invention and a sectional view taken along the line AA ′.

【図2】図1の光変調器の各々の特性を示すグラフであ
る。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing respective characteristics of the optical modulator of FIG.

【図3】本発明の他の例の光変調器を示す平面図及びそ
のA−A’線に沿う断面図である。
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an optical modulator of another example of the present invention and a sectional view taken along the line AA ′.

【図4】図2の光変調器の各々の特性を示すグラフであ
る。
FIG. 4 is a graph showing characteristics of each of the optical modulators of FIG.

【図5】本発明の光変調器をマッハツエンダ型光強度変
調器に適用した例を示す平面図及びそのA−A’線に沿
う断面図である。
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example in which the optical modulator of the present invention is applied to a Mach-Zehnder type optical intensity modulator, and a sectional view taken along the line AA ′.

【図6】図5の光変調器の動作状態を示すグラフであ
る。
6 is a graph showing an operating state of the optical modulator of FIG.

【図7】従来の動作点シフト型非対称分岐導波路構造の
光変調器の1例を示す平面図である。
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a conventional optical modulator having an operating point shift type asymmetric branching waveguide structure.

【図8】従来の動作点シフト型非対称分岐導波路構造の
電界センサ型光変調器の1例を示す平面図である。
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an example of an electric field sensor type optical modulator having a conventional operating point shift type asymmetric branch waveguide structure.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 電気光学効果を有する基板
(LiNbO3 基板) 2a、2b 光導波路 3 信号電極 4 接地電極 5 SiO2 バッファー層 6 電源
1 Substrate with Electro-Optical Effect (LiNbO 3 Substrate) 2a, 2b Optical Waveguide 3 Signal Electrode 4 Grounding Electrode 5 SiO 2 Buffer Layer 6 Power Supply

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 木内 和昌 千葉県船橋市豊富町585番地 住友セメン ト株式会社中央研究所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kazumasa Kiuchi 585 Tomimachi, Funabashi, Chiba Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd. Central Research Laboratory

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 電気光学効果を有する平面状基板に、2
個のY分岐若しくは3dBカップラーを用いた第1及び
第2の分岐部により、分岐し、そして合流される第1及
び第2の光導波路を有する光導波路を設け、前記の第1
及び第2の分岐光導波路を伝播する光の間に位相差を生
じさせるように、信号電極及び接地電極を設けた構造か
らなるマッハ・ツェンダ型光変調器において、 前記の第1及び第2の分岐光導波路の平行している部分
の一部分を、相互の間隔を保持して湾曲させることによ
り、2本の光導波路間に光路長差を生じさせることを特
徴とする前記光変調器。
1. A planar substrate having an electro-optic effect is provided with 2
An optical waveguide having first and second optical waveguides that are branched and merged by the first and second branching units using Y-branches or 3 dB couplers is provided.
And a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator having a structure in which a signal electrode and a ground electrode are provided so as to generate a phase difference between the lights propagating through the second branch optical waveguide, and the first and second The optical modulator, wherein a part of the parallel parts of the branched optical waveguide is curved while maintaining a mutual distance therebetween, thereby causing an optical path length difference between the two optical waveguides.
JP9973592A 1992-04-20 1992-04-20 Optical modulator Pending JPH05297332A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9973592A JPH05297332A (en) 1992-04-20 1992-04-20 Optical modulator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9973592A JPH05297332A (en) 1992-04-20 1992-04-20 Optical modulator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05297332A true JPH05297332A (en) 1993-11-12

Family

ID=14255305

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9973592A Pending JPH05297332A (en) 1992-04-20 1992-04-20 Optical modulator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH05297332A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005077987A (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-24 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd Optical modulator
WO2007058366A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-24 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Optical waveguide device
JP2008064936A (en) * 2006-09-06 2008-03-21 Fujitsu Ltd Optical modulator
JP2009244812A (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-22 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd Optical waveguide element
US8374467B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2013-02-12 Fujitsu Limited Optical device having a plurality of Mach-Zehnder modulators
JP2014112168A (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-19 Fujitsu Optical Components Ltd Optical modulator and optical transmitter

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005077987A (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-24 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd Optical modulator
WO2007058366A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-24 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Optical waveguide device
US7529447B2 (en) 2005-11-16 2009-05-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Optical waveguide devices
JPWO2007058366A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2009-05-07 日本碍子株式会社 Optical waveguide device
JP2008064936A (en) * 2006-09-06 2008-03-21 Fujitsu Ltd Optical modulator
JP2009244812A (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-22 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd Optical waveguide element
US8374467B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2013-02-12 Fujitsu Limited Optical device having a plurality of Mach-Zehnder modulators
JP2014112168A (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-19 Fujitsu Optical Components Ltd Optical modulator and optical transmitter

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