JPH05236666A - Battery charger - Google Patents
Battery chargerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05236666A JPH05236666A JP3592292A JP3592292A JPH05236666A JP H05236666 A JPH05236666 A JP H05236666A JP 3592292 A JP3592292 A JP 3592292A JP 3592292 A JP3592292 A JP 3592292A JP H05236666 A JPH05236666 A JP H05236666A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- charging
- battery
- current
- discharge
- unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ニッケル・カドミウム
電池やニッケル水素電池などの二次電池への充電器に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charger for secondary batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、二次電池の充電に際し、公称容量
値以下の電流値で充電し、出力電圧低下現象を防止して
電池の劣化を防いだ方法が考案されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, when charging a secondary battery, a method has been devised in which the secondary battery is charged at a current value equal to or lower than a nominal capacity value to prevent a decrease in output voltage and prevent deterioration of the battery.
【０００３】以下に従来の充電器について、図面を参照
しながら説明する。図２に示すように従来の充電器は、
充電方式の大半を示すＡ／Ｄ変換器を用いた周囲温度に
対する補償の不要な−ΔＶ検出制御方式の充電時の信号
の流れを説明する。まず、電池パック５にて接続された
二次電池部５ａの電位はＡ／Ｄ変換部７へ送られ、電池
表面温度は電池パック５内のサーミスタ５ｂにより温度
検出部６からＡ／Ｄ変換部７へ伝えられディジタルデー
タに変換される。得られたディジタルデータよりショー
ト検出がおこなわれ電池の接続が確認されると、電圧値
および表面温度が正常であれば、制御部８により第２の
スイッチ部４がオンになり定電流充電部３から二次電池
部５ａへの定電流充電が公称の定格容量値（以下、１Ｃ
充電と略す）を基準として行われる。そして二次電池部
５ａと温度検出部６のデータを監視し、図３に示すよう
に電圧（Ａ）はｔ1（電圧Ｖ1）時間まで上昇し、そのの
ち下がり始めｔ2（電圧Ｖ2）になった時点つまり−ΔＶ
（Ｖ2−Ｖ1）下がった時点、または表面温度（Ｂ）がＴ
℃を超えた時点で第２のスイッチ部４をオフにして定電
流充電をストップし、つぎに第１のスイッチ部２をオン
してトリクル充電部１からのトリクル充電に切り替える
（トリクル充電もオフにすることもある）。A conventional charger will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 2, the conventional charger is
A signal flow at the time of charging of the −ΔV detection control method that does not require compensation for ambient temperature using an A / D converter, which represents most of the charging methods, will be described. First, the potential of the secondary battery unit 5a connected in the battery pack 5 is sent to the A / D conversion unit 7, and the battery surface temperature is changed from the temperature detection unit 6 to the A / D conversion unit by the thermistor 5b in the battery pack 5. 7 and is converted into digital data. When the short circuit is detected from the obtained digital data and the connection of the battery is confirmed, if the voltage value and the surface temperature are normal, the control unit 8 turns on the second switch unit 4 and the constant current charging unit 3 Constant-current charging from the battery to the secondary battery unit 5a is a nominal rated capacity value (hereinafter, 1C
Charging is abbreviated). Then, the data of the secondary battery unit 5a and the temperature detection unit 6 are monitored, and as shown in FIG. 3, the voltage (A) rises to the time t 1 (voltage V 1 ) and then starts to fall t 2 (voltage V 2 ), That is, -ΔV
(V 2 −V 1 ) When the temperature falls, or the surface temperature (B) is T
When the temperature exceeds ℃, the second switch unit 4 is turned off to stop the constant current charging, and then the first switch unit 2 is turned on to switch to the trickle charging from the trickle charging unit 1 (the trickle charging is also off. Sometimes.)
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上記従来
の構成では、ユーザの使い方を考えると二次電池を完全
に使いきってから充電する理想的使い方は望めず、実際
は使い切る前に充電することが予想される。その結果二
次電池（ニッケルカドミウム、ニッケル水素など）特有
の出力電圧の低下（メモリ効果）現象が発生し、十分な
出力電位が得られない結果になる。ここで、メモリ効果
現象を図４を用いて説明すると、メモリ効果現象の現れ
ていない初期放電特性図（ａ）に比べてメモリ効果現象
の発生した放電特性図（ｂ）はほぼ全体を通じて低出力
電圧にて推移している。また公称容量値で急速の定電流
充電をおこなうことが多いため実容量の少ない電池にお
いては過充電傾向（１Ｃ充電以上）となり電池の劣化が
早くなるという問題点を有していた。However, in the above-mentioned conventional structure, considering the usage of the user, it is not possible to expect the ideal usage of the secondary battery after the secondary battery is completely used up, and it is expected that the secondary battery is actually charged before being used up. To be done. As a result, a decrease in output voltage (memory effect), which is peculiar to secondary batteries (nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen, etc.), occurs, resulting in insufficient output potential. Here, the memory effect phenomenon will be described with reference to FIG. 4. Compared with the initial discharge characteristic diagram (a) in which the memory effect phenomenon does not appear, the discharge characteristic diagram (b) in which the memory effect phenomenon occurs has a low output over almost the whole. It is changing with voltage. Further, since rapid constant current charging is often performed at the nominal capacity value, a battery having a small actual capacity tends to be overcharged (1 C charge or more) and the battery deteriorates quickly.
【０００５】本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決するもの
で、出力電圧低下によるメモリ効果現象を防ぎ、電池容
量のばらつきを考慮した最適最大充電電流による再充電
を行って電池劣化を抑えるようにした充電器を提供する
ことを目的とする。The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and prevents the memory effect phenomenon due to a decrease in output voltage and suppresses battery deterioration by performing recharging with an optimum maximum charging current in consideration of variations in battery capacity. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a charger that does.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に本発明の充電器は、電池の容量に応じた充電電流値を
設定する電流値設定部と、電流値設置部の定電流値で充
電する定電流充電部と、定電流充電部の電流を電池の充
電状態に応じてオン／オフする第２のスイッチ部と予備
充電を行うためのトリクル充電部とトリクル充電部の充
電電流をオン／オフする第１のスイッチ部と電池表面温
度測定用の温度検出部と、電池電圧をディジタルデータ
に変換するＡ／Ｄ変換部と、充電した電池の放電電流を
設定する放電電流値測定部と放電電流値設定部の放電電
流値で定電流放電する定電流放電部と全体の制御を行う
制御部を有し、充電終了後、メモリ効果による出力電圧
低下現象を防止するため放電を行い、その放電特性デー
タにより個々の電池容量を認識し、再度適正な充電電流
にて再充電できるような構成を有している。To achieve the above object, the charger of the present invention comprises a current value setting section for setting a charging current value according to the capacity of a battery and a constant current value of a current value setting section. A constant current charging unit for charging, a second switch unit for turning on / off the current of the constant current charging unit according to the charging state of the battery, and a trickle charging unit for performing preliminary charging and a charging current for the trickle charging unit are turned on. A first switch unit for turning on / off, a temperature detecting unit for measuring a battery surface temperature, an A / D converting unit for converting a battery voltage into digital data, and a discharge current value measuring unit for setting a discharge current of a charged battery. It has a constant current discharge unit that discharges a constant current at the discharge current value of the discharge current value setting unit and a control unit that controls the whole, and discharges to prevent the output voltage drop phenomenon due to the memory effect after charging. Discharge characteristic data is used to Recognizes the capacity, has a like recharged again by the proper charging current configuration.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】本発明は上記した構成において、電池の表面温
度および、充電電圧を監視しながらまず電池の劣化を抑
えるため公称容量以下の充電電流にて充電を行い満充電
を検出して、一定時間後に放電を行うことにより出力電
圧低下（メモリ効果）現象を防ぐことができる。さらに
０．２Ｃの定電流放電にかかった時間を測定して、個々
の正確な容量を測定することで電池容量ばらつきを考慮
した最も適した最大充電電流（１Ｃ）による再充電を確
実に行い電池の劣化を最小限に抑えることとなる。According to the present invention, in the above-mentioned configuration, while monitoring the surface temperature of the battery and the charging voltage, first, in order to suppress the deterioration of the battery, the battery is charged with a charging current of not more than the nominal capacity, full charge is detected, and a fixed time is detected. By performing the discharge later, the output voltage drop (memory effect) phenomenon can be prevented. Furthermore, by measuring the time required for constant current discharge of 0.2C and measuring the exact capacity of each battery, the battery is surely recharged with the most suitable maximum charging current (1C) in consideration of battery capacity variations. Will be minimized.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下本発明の一実施例について、図面を参照
しながら説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【０００９】図１に示すように本実施例の充電器は、ト
リクル電流にて充電するためのトリクル充電部１、トリ
クル充電電流をオン／オフ制御するための第１のスイッ
チ部２、電池に対して急速充電を行うときの定電流充電
部３、定電流充電部３の電流をオン／オフ制御するため
の第２のスイッチ部４、内部に充電用二次電池５ａと電
池表面温度検出用サーミスタ５ｂからなる電池パック
５、電池表面温度検出用サーミスタ５ｂを用いて実際温
度検出を行う温度検出部６、二次電池部５ａの電圧とサ
ーミスタ５ｂによる電池表面温度データをディジタルデ
ータに変換するＡ／Ｄ変換部７、システム全体を制御す
る制御部８、制御部８の制御により定電流充電部３の電
流を設定する電流値設定部９、二次電池部５ａを定電流
にて放電する定電流放電部１０、定電流放電部１０の放
電電流を制御部８の制御により設定する放電電流値設定
部１１で構成されている。As shown in FIG. 1, the charger according to the present embodiment includes a trickle charging unit 1 for charging with a trickle current, a first switch unit 2 for controlling on / off of the trickle charging current, and a battery. On the other hand, a constant current charging unit 3 for rapid charging, a second switch unit 4 for controlling the current of the constant current charging unit 3 on / off, a secondary battery 5a for charging and a battery surface temperature detection A battery pack 5 including a thermistor 5b, a temperature detection unit 6 that actually detects temperature using the battery surface temperature detection thermistor 5b, a voltage of the secondary battery unit 5a and a battery surface temperature data obtained by the thermistor 5b are converted into digital data A / D conversion unit 7, control unit 8 for controlling the entire system, current value setting unit 9 for setting the current of the constant current charging unit 3 under the control of the control unit 8, constant current for discharging the secondary battery unit 5a with a constant current. Electric current Collecting portion 10, and a discharge current value setting unit 11 for setting the control of the control unit 8 to discharge current of the constant current discharge unit 10.
【００１０】以上の構成要素よりなる充電器について、
以下その各構成要素の関係と公称容量５００ｍＡｈの二
次電池を充電するときの主動作を説明する。まず、充電
用の電池パック５を充電端子に接続すると二次電池部５
ａの電位はＡ／Ｄ変換部７へ伝えられ、電池表面温度は
電池パック内のサーミスタ５ｂにより温度検出部６から
Ａ／Ｄ変換部７へ伝えられＡ／Ｄ変換部７で電池電圧お
よびサーミスタ表面温度データがディジタルデータ変換
される。そして前記ディジタルデータにより制御部８に
て電池の接続状態が確認された上、制御部８にて電流値
設定部９へ公称容量以下の充電電流値（５００ｍＡ以
下）が設定され、定電流充電部３にて電流値設定部９の
設定値にて定電流充電部３がアクティブ状態になる。そ
ののち、定電流充電部３と電池パック５内の二次電池部
５ａ間の第２のスイッチ部４がオンになり二次電池部５
ａへの定電流充電が開始される。そののち充電状態は、
充電用電池パック５の電池電位出力および表面温度検出
出力がＡ／Ｄ変換部７でディジタルデータ変換され制御
部８にて監視される。充電が進むと図３に示すように電
圧（Ａ）に示されたように徐々に電池端子電圧が上がり
それにつれて電池表面温度も上がり、図３の温度（Ｂ）
に示したようになる。そして満充電に近付いたときに温
度および電圧が急速に上昇し、そののち−ΔＶ（ｔ1〜
ｔ2）の電圧の下降が制御部８にて検出されると急速充
電を終了しトリクル充電に切り替える。Regarding the charger composed of the above components,
The relationship between the respective constituent elements and the main operation for charging a secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 500 mAh will be described below. First, when the battery pack 5 for charging is connected to the charging terminal, the secondary battery unit 5
The potential of a is transmitted to the A / D conversion unit 7, the battery surface temperature is transmitted from the temperature detection unit 6 to the A / D conversion unit 7 by the thermistor 5b in the battery pack, and the A / D conversion unit 7 transmits the battery voltage and the thermistor. The surface temperature data is converted into digital data. Then, the control unit 8 confirms the battery connection state from the digital data, and the control unit 8 sets the charging current value (500 mA or less) below the nominal capacity in the current value setting unit 9 and the constant current charging unit. At 3, the constant current charging unit 3 becomes active at the set value of the current value setting unit 9. After that, the second switch unit 4 between the constant current charging unit 3 and the secondary battery unit 5a in the battery pack 5 is turned on, and the secondary battery unit 5 is turned on.
The constant current charging to a is started. After that, the charge status is
The battery potential output and the surface temperature detection output of the charging battery pack 5 are converted into digital data by the A / D converter 7 and monitored by the controller 8. As the charging progresses, the battery terminal voltage gradually rises as shown by the voltage (A) as shown in FIG. 3, and the battery surface temperature also rises accordingly, and the temperature (B) of FIG.
As shown in. Then, when approaching full charge, the temperature and voltage rise rapidly, after which -ΔV (t 1 ~
When the controller 8 detects the voltage drop of t 2 ), the quick charging is terminated and the trickle charging is switched to.
【００１１】そののち３時間放置後、出力電圧低下（メ
モリ効果）現象防止のため、二次電池の放電を行う。After that, after being left for 3 hours, the secondary battery is discharged to prevent the output voltage drop (memory effect) phenomenon.
【００１２】具体的には個々の電池の正確な容量の測定
も兼ねるため、通常の電池容量測定時の放電電流値０．
２Ｃ（１００ｍＡ）を放電電流値設定部１１に設定し、
そののち定電流放電部１０において定電流放電が行われ
る。その結果二次電池はメモリ効果による出力電圧低下
現象を抑えることができる。さらに放電動作により公称
容量とは異なった個々の正確な実容量を知ることがで
き、二次電池の劣化現象に対して最も適した最大充電電
流による再充電を行うことができる。Specifically, since it also serves to accurately measure the capacity of each battery, the discharge current value of 0.
2C (100mA) is set in the discharge current value setting unit 11,
After that, constant current discharge is performed in the constant current discharge unit 10. As a result, the secondary battery can suppress the output voltage reduction phenomenon due to the memory effect. Further, by the discharging operation, each accurate actual capacity different from the nominal capacity can be known, and the recharging can be performed with the maximum charging current most suitable for the deterioration phenomenon of the secondary battery.
【００１３】前記放電により１００ｍＡで４．８ｈの放
電時間であったときその容量は約４８０ｍＡｈというこ
とができる。したがって再充電時に制御部８から電流値
設定部９に対して４８０ｍＡの充電電流値が設定され、
その結果、定電流充電部３がアクティブ状態となり制御
部８により第２のスイッチ部４をオンにすることで電池
パック５の二次電池部５ａに４８０ｍＡの最適かつ最大
充電電流による再充電を行う。そして充電用電池パック
５の充電端子出力および温度検出端子出力がＡ／Ｄ変換
部７で電池電圧および表面温度データがディジタルデー
タ変換され制御部８にて監視される。充電が進むと図３
の電圧（Ａ）に示されたように徐々に電池端子電圧が上
がりそれにつれて電池表面温度も上がり、図３の温度
（Ｂ）に示したようになる。そして満充電に近付いたと
きに温度および電圧が急速に上昇し、そののち−ΔＶ
（ｔ1〜ｔ2）の電圧の下降が制御部８にて検出されると
急速充電を終了トリクル充電に切り替える。これで再充
電の完了となる。When the discharge time is 100 mA and the discharge time is 4.8 h, the capacity can be said to be about 480 mAh. Therefore, at the time of recharging, the control unit 8 sets the charging current value of 480 mA to the current value setting unit 9,
As a result, the constant current charging unit 3 becomes active, and the control unit 8 turns on the second switch unit 4 to recharge the secondary battery unit 5a of the battery pack 5 at the optimum and maximum charging current of 480 mA. .. The output of the charging terminal and the output of the temperature detecting terminal of the charging battery pack 5 are converted into digital data of the battery voltage and the surface temperature data by the A / D converter 7 and monitored by the controller 8. Figure 3 as charging progresses
As shown by the voltage (A) in Fig. 3, the battery terminal voltage gradually rises and the battery surface temperature rises accordingly, as shown in the temperature (B) in Fig. 3. Then, when approaching full charge, the temperature and voltage rise rapidly, after which -ΔV
When the control unit 8 detects the voltage drop of (t 1 to t 2 ), the quick charging is terminated and switched to the trickle charging. This completes recharging.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】以上の実施例から明らかなように本発明
によれば、１時間程度で急速充電可能な定電流充電部に
おいて、通常、ユーザは電池を使用途中でもう一度充電
する場合が多く、その結果発生するメモリ効果（出力電
圧の低レベル化）現象に対して放電動作を行うことがあ
る。これにより、電池特性をリフレッシュする効果があ
り、その結果出力電圧は復帰する。また、二次電池の公
称容量と実容量の違いから通常の最大充電電流の１Ｃ充
電を行うと個々の実質的な最大充電電流を超えて充電さ
れることも起こる。したがってメモリ効果リフレッシュ
時の放電時間を測定することにより個々の電池の最大充
電電流１Ｃを求め（実施例時；４８０ｍＡｈ）、その結
果個々の電池に最も適切な最大充電電流で再充電でき、
電池の劣化を最小に抑えることができる優れた充電器を
実現できるものである。As is apparent from the above embodiments, according to the present invention, in a constant current charging unit capable of rapid charging in about one hour, the user usually charges the battery again during use, A discharge operation may be performed in response to a memory effect (lowering of output voltage level) phenomenon that occurs as a result. This has the effect of refreshing the battery characteristics, and as a result, the output voltage is restored. Further, due to the difference between the nominal capacity and the actual capacity of the secondary battery, when 1C charging of the normal maximum charging current is performed, charging may exceed the actual maximum charging current of each individual battery. Therefore, the maximum charging current 1C of each battery was obtained by measuring the discharge time at the time of memory effect refresh (in the example; 480 mAh), and as a result, each battery can be recharged with the most appropriate maximum charging current,
It is possible to realize an excellent charger that can minimize deterioration of the battery.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の充電器の要部ブロック図FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a main part of a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】従来の充電器のブロック図FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional charger.
【図３】充電時の電圧、表面温度特性図[Figure 3] Voltage and surface temperature characteristic diagram during charging
【図４】メモリ効果現象特性図[Figure 4] Memory effect phenomenon characteristic diagram
１ トリクル充電部 ２ 第１のスイッチ部 ３ 定電流充電部 ４ 第２のスイッチ部 ５ 電池パック ５ａ 二次電池部 ５ｂ サーミスタ ６ 温度検出部 ７ Ａ／Ｄ変換部 ８ 制御部 ９ 電流値設定部 １０ 定電流放電部 １１ 放電電流値設定部 1 Trickle Charger 2 First Switch 3 Constant Current Charger 4 Second Switch 5 Battery Pack 5a Secondary Battery 5b Thermistor 6 Temperature Detector 7 A / D Converter 8 Control 9 Current Value Setting 10 Constant current discharge unit 11 Discharge current value setting unit
Claims (1)
電流値設定部と、前記電流値設定部の定電流値で充電す
る定電流充電部と、前記定電流充電部の電流を電池の充
電状態に応じてオン／オフする第２のスイッチ部と予備
充電を行うためのトリクル充電部と前記トリクル充電部
の充電電流をオン／オフする第１のスイッチ部と、前記
電池の表面温度測定用の温度検出部と、電池電圧をディ
ジタルデータに変換するＡ／Ｄ変換部と、充電した前記
電池の放電電流を設定する放電電流値設定部と前記放電
電流値設定部の放電電流値で定電流放電する定電流放電
部と全体の制御を行う制御部を有し、充電終了後、メモ
リ効果による出力電圧低下防止放電を行い、その放電特
性データにより個々の電池容量を認識し、再度電池容量
に応じた適正な充電電流にて充電できるように配された
充電器。1. A current value setting unit for setting a charging current value according to the capacity of a battery, a constant current charging unit for charging with a constant current value of the current value setting unit, and a current for the constant current charging unit. Second switch section that is turned on / off according to the state of charge of the battery, a trickle charging section for performing preliminary charging, a first switch section that turns on / off the charging current of the trickle charging section, and a surface temperature of the battery A temperature detector for measurement, an A / D converter for converting the battery voltage into digital data, a discharge current value setting unit for setting the discharge current of the charged battery, and a discharge current value of the discharge current value setting unit. It has a constant current discharge unit for constant current discharge and a control unit for overall control.After charging is completed, output voltage drop prevention discharge due to the memory effect is performed, and individual battery capacities are recognized from the discharge characteristic data and the battery is re-charged. Appropriate charging according to capacity Charger arranged to be charged by the current.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3592292A JPH05236666A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | Battery charger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3592292A JPH05236666A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | Battery charger |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05236666A true JPH05236666A (en) | 1993-09-10 |
Family
ID=12455529
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3592292A Pending JPH05236666A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | Battery charger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05236666A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114094204A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-02-25 | 朴力美电动车辆活力株式会社 | Method for manufacturing secondary battery |
| CN114094204B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2024-05-28 | 朴力美电动车辆活力株式会社 | Method for manufacturing secondary battery |
-
1992
- 1992-02-24 JP JP3592292A patent/JPH05236666A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114094204A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-02-25 | 朴力美电动车辆活力株式会社 | Method for manufacturing secondary battery |
| CN114094204B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2024-05-28 | 朴力美电动车辆活力株式会社 | Method for manufacturing secondary battery |
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