JPH05201819A - Method for disturbing communication by using pheromone preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To disturb communication by using a pheromone preparation of preventing increase in amount of pheromone and deterioration of pheromone by oxidation and cleavage in summer and of securing a sufficient amount of pheromone released even in a low-temperature in early spring. CONSTITUTION:A liquid sex pheromone substance is sealed in a polyolefin film container made of a uniform film in a low-temperature period in early spring, allowed to stand at a place at >=35 deg.C for a fixed period, >=2wt.% sex pheromone substance based on the weight of the container is absorbed in a wall of container and the container is used as a sustained release pheromone preparation through out a year.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は害虫の性フェロモン物質
（以下、単にフェロモンとする）を大気中に漂わせて害
虫の交尾行動を阻害する、交信撹乱による害虫の防除方
法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests by interfering with mating, in which a sex pheromone substance of a pest (hereinafter referred to simply as a pheromone) is allowed to drift in the atmosphere to inhibit mating behavior of the pest.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】害虫の防除方法の一つに、合成フェロモ
ンを大量に大気中に漂わせ、害虫の雌が放出するフェロ
モンを雄が識別できないようにして害虫の交尾行動を阻
害する、いわゆる交信撹乱方法がある。この交信撹乱方
法は害虫の総合防除の概念が一般的になっている現在、
殺虫剤の使用節減につながるものとして注目され、その
将来が期待されている。害虫は一般に春から秋にかけて
繰り返し発生するので、フェロモンによる防除は第１世
代の成虫が発生する時期にフェロモン製剤を圃場に設置
し、夏から秋を通してフェロモンを放散させる方法がと
られている。このように害虫の発生期間が長いため、害
虫の防除にはフェロモンを徐々に放散する徐放性フェロ
モン製剤が用いられている。この徐放性フェロモン製剤
には古くから様々な工夫がなされ、いくつかのタイプの
製剤が実用に供されてきた。2. Description of the Related Art One of the methods for controlling pests is so-called communication, in which a large amount of synthetic pheromones are allowed to float in the atmosphere so that males cannot identify the pheromones released by female pests, thereby inhibiting the mating behavior of the pests. There is a disturbance method. The concept of integrated pest control is now common in this communication disruption method.
It has attracted attention as a way to reduce the use of insecticides, and its future is expected. Since pests are generally repeatedly generated from spring to autumn, pheromone control is carried out by installing a pheromone preparation in the field at the time when first-generation adults are generated and releasing the pheromone from summer to autumn. As described above, since the pests are generated for a long period of time, sustained-release pheromone preparations that gradually release pheromones are used for controlling the pests. Various approaches have been made to this sustained-release pheromone formulation for a long time, and several types of formulations have been put to practical use.

【０００３】第１のタイプとして、一端を開放した毛細
管中にフェロモンを収納し、この開放端よりフェロモン
を放出させるようにしたものがある（米国特許第 40170
30号明細書）。これは製剤１本当たりのフェロモン担持
量が極めて少ないため寿命が短い。第２のタイプには、
フェロモンを混合したポリマー担持層に、制御層として
別のポリマー層をラミネートした積層体（米国特許第 4
160335号明細書）や、フェロモンをしみ込ませた多孔質
担体を、ポリエチレンなどの制御膜で被覆し、フェロモ
ンの外部への透過を制御したもの（特開昭59-13701号、
-59734号各公報および米国特許第4445641 号明細書）が
ある。これらの製剤はいずれも放出されずに残留するフ
ェロモンロスが大きいという点で共通している。第３の
タイプはフェロモンをマイクロカプセル化したもの（米
国特許第 2800457号、第 2800458号、第 3577515号各明
細書など）で、これはマイクロカプセル化のコストが高
いこと、その際、フェロモンの損失が少なくないこと、
表面積が大きいため放出速度が過大で寿命が短いなどの
理由により、あまり利用されていない。As the first type, there is a type in which a pheromone is housed in a capillary tube having one end opened and the pheromone is released from the open end (US Pat. No. 40170).
No. 30). This is because the amount of pheromone supported per formulation is extremely small and thus the life is short. The second type is
A laminated body in which another polymer layer is laminated as a control layer on a polymer-supporting layer mixed with a pheromone (US Pat. No. 4
160335) or a porous carrier impregnated with a pheromone, which is coated with a control film such as polyethylene to control the permeation of the pheromone to the outside (JP-A-59-13701).
-59734 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,445,641). All of these formulations have a common feature in that the pheromone loss that remains without being released is large. The third type is microencapsulation of pheromones (US Pat. Nos. 2800457, 2800458, 3577515, etc.), which is high in the cost of microencapsulation and the loss of pheromones. Not a few,
Due to its large surface area, its release rate is too high and its life is short.

【０００４】第４のタイプは均質で単一の膜からなる高
分子フィルム製の細管やアンプルなどの容器にフェロモ
ンを充填したものである。このタイプにはフェロモンに
対し特定の平衡膨潤率を持つフィルム材料を用いるもの
（特開昭62−195303号公報ほか）も含まれる。この容器
は一般にポリオレフィン製の肉厚のフィルムからなるも
のが使用され、徐放性があり寿命が長い反面、器壁を膨
潤・透過して器外に発散するフェロモンの放出量が温度
に依存することから、次の問題をもたらした。すなわ
ち、フェロモン製剤を年間を通じて使用する場合、害虫
の第一世代の発生は気温の低い春先が殆どのため、この
時期での放出量を確保するために、例えば膜厚を小さく
したり、ポリオレフィンの結晶性を下げるなどしてフェ
ロモンに対するバリアー性の低いものを使用すると、夏
場の高温時での放出量が多くなり過ぎるだけでなく、製
剤外壁に浸出し滞留するフェロモン量も増加させる。こ
のため、放出量を高温の時期に合わせて調整すると、低
温時の、とくに初期の放出量が少な過ぎて能力の不足を
もたらした。また、前述したフェロモンの製剤外壁への
浸出は、これらリン翅目害虫のフェロモンが一般に炭素
数10〜22の不飽和脂肪族のアルデヒド、アセテート、ケ
トン、炭水化物およびアルコールからなっているため、
多量化、酸化・開裂などの反応を受けて変質し、これを
避けるためにバリアー性を上げると、上記と同様春先の
低温時での放出量が十分に確保されなくなった。The fourth type is a container in which a pheromone is filled in a container such as a thin tube or an ampoule made of a polymer film which is homogeneous and has a single film. This type also includes a type using a film material having a specific equilibrium swelling ratio with respect to pheromones (JP-A-62-195303, etc.). This container is generally made of a thick film made of polyolefin, and has a long-lasting and long-life property, but on the other hand, the amount of pheromone that swells and permeates the vessel wall and diffuses out of the vessel depends on temperature. Therefore, it brought the following problems. That is, when the pheromone formulation is used throughout the year, most of the first generation of pests occur in the early spring when the temperature is low, so in order to secure the release amount at this time, for example, to reduce the film thickness or to reduce the polyolefin content. When a substance having a low barrier property against pheromones is used such as by lowering the crystallinity, not only the amount released at high temperature in summer becomes too large, but also the amount of pheromones leached and retained on the outer wall of the formulation increases. Therefore, when the release amount was adjusted according to the high temperature period, the release amount was too small, especially in the initial period at low temperature, resulting in insufficient capacity. In addition, the exudation of the above-mentioned pheromone to the outer wall of the preparation is because the pheromone of these insect pests is generally composed of an unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, acetate, ketone, carbohydrate, and alcohol,
When the barrier property was raised to avoid the deterioration due to reactions such as multimerization, oxidation and cleavage, the release amount at low temperature in early spring could not be sufficiently secured.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】したがって、本発明の
目的は夏場のフェロモンの多量化、酸化・開裂等のフェ
ロモンの劣化を防止すると共に、春先の低温の時期でも
充分な放出量を確保できるフェロモン製剤を用いた交信
撹乱方法を提供するものである。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to prevent the pheromone from being deteriorated due to the increase in the amount of pheromones in summer, oxidation and cleavage, etc., and to secure a sufficient release amount even in the low temperature period in early spring. It is intended to provide a method for disturbing communication using a formulation.

【０００６】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するため
に本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、まずポリオレフ
ィン製の中空容器にフェロモンが充填されたフェロモン
製剤では、１）器壁へのフェロモン吸収量は、フェロモ
ン製剤を放置する温度、期間によって任意に調節でき
る；２）予め器壁にフェロモンを吸収させておいた場合
には、全くフェロモンを吸収させていない場合と比べ
て、放出初期により多くの放出量が確保できる；３）フ
ェロモンを器壁に吸収させておくと、膜中のフェロモン
分子の拡散そのものも大きくなる；４）フェロモンの器
壁への吸収、とりわけ実使用温度（一般的気象条件）よ
りも高い温度で吸収させると、放出初期は過剰に吸収さ
せられた器壁中のフェロモンの影響で放出量も大きく、
また器壁中へのフェロモンの溶解性や膜中のフェロモン
分子の拡散も大きくなるために、特に低温時の放出挙動
が大きく異なる；５）高分子壁中へのフェロモン分子の
溶解により、高分子鎖は弛緩すると考えられ、その弛緩
の度合いは温度によって異なり、弛緩した高分子鎖の隙
間にフェロモン分子が入り、膨潤率が決まるわけである
が、一旦弛緩した高分子鎖が定常の状態に戻る速度は、
緊張状態から弛緩状態になる速度と比較して極端に遅
い；６）同じ膨潤率であっても、温度が高い方がフェロ
モン分子および高分子鎖の分子の揺らぎが大きいため、
高分子鎖はより弛緩した状態である；などの知見を得
た。そこで本発明者らはさらに、ポリオレフィン製のフ
ェロモン製剤の使用前に、とくに実使用温度より高温で
吸収処理を行い、容器の重量の２重量％以上のフェロモ
ンを器壁に吸収させておいたところ、フェロモン製剤が
より効果的に作用することを見出し、本発明を完成し
た。[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of intensive studies conducted by the present inventors in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, first, in a pheromone preparation in which a hollow container made of polyolefin is filled with pheromone, 1) The amount of pheromone absorbed can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the temperature and duration of leaving the pheromone formulation; 2) When the pheromone is absorbed in the vessel wall in advance, compared with the case where no pheromone is absorbed at the initial release. More release amount can be secured; 3) If the pheromone is absorbed into the vessel wall, the diffusion itself of the pheromone molecule in the film will also increase; 4) Absorption of the pheromone into the vessel wall, especially at the actual operating temperature (general) If it is absorbed at a temperature higher than that of the dynamic weather conditions), the release amount is large due to the effect of the excessively absorbed pheromone in the vessel wall at the initial release stage,
In addition, since the solubility of the pheromone in the vessel wall and the diffusion of the pheromone molecule in the film are also large, the release behavior is particularly different at low temperatures; 5) The dissolution of the pheromone molecule in the polymer wall causes It is considered that the chain relaxes, the degree of relaxation depends on the temperature, and the pheromone molecule enters the gap between the relaxed polymer chains and the swelling rate is determined, but once the relaxed polymer chain returns to the steady state Speed is
Extremely slow compared to the speed from a tension state to a relaxation state; 6) Even if the swelling rate is the same, the higher the temperature, the larger the fluctuation of the pheromone molecule and the molecule of the polymer chain.
The polymer chains are in a more relaxed state; Therefore, the present inventors have further performed an absorption treatment at a temperature higher than the actual use temperature to allow 2% by weight or more of the weight of the container to absorb pheromone in the vessel wall before using the pheromone preparation made of polyolefin. The inventors have found that the pheromone preparation acts more effectively and completed the present invention.

【０００７】すなわち、本発明は均質な膜からなるポリ
オレフィンフィルム製容器に、液状の性フェロモン物質
を春先の低温の時期に封入し、35℃以上の場所に一定期
間放置して容器の重量の２重量％以上の性フェロモン物
質を器壁に吸収させ、これを徐放性フェロモン製剤とし
て年間を通じて使用することを特徴とする交信撹乱方法
に関するものである。That is, according to the present invention, a liquid sex pheromone substance is sealed in a polyolefin film container having a homogeneous film at a low temperature in early spring and left at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher for a certain period of time to obtain a weight of 2% of the container weight. The present invention relates to a method for disrupting communication, which comprises absorbing a sex pheromone substance in an amount of at least wt% into a vessel wall and using this as a sustained release pheromone preparation throughout the year.

【０００８】本発明に用いられるポリオレフィン製容器
は、通常のブロー成形、二段絞り成形、押出し成形、熱
成形などによって製造される、均質な膜からなる細管、
アンプル、中空球などで、その膜厚は放出速度への影響
が大きく、 0.2〜２mmが好ましい。これが 0.2mmよりも
小さいと、高温時における膜中の透過速度が大き過ぎて
容器外壁からのフェロモンの蒸発とのバランスが崩れ、
容器外壁にフェロモンの液膜が生じてフェロモンが浸出
した状態となる。また２mmを超えると透過速度が小さ過
ぎ、特に低温時には放出量が過小になる。このポリオレ
フィン製容器の材料には、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレ
ン、ポリペンテン、およびこれらの共重合体などが例示
されるが、フェロモンの持つ分子量、分子の極性を考慮
して、ポリエチレンまたはエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合
体などのエチレンの共重合体が好ましい。The polyolefin container used in the present invention is a thin tube made of a homogeneous film produced by ordinary blow molding, two-stage drawing, extrusion molding, thermoforming, etc.
The thickness of ampoule, hollow sphere, etc. has a great influence on the release rate, and is preferably 0.2 to 2 mm. If this is less than 0.2 mm, the permeation rate in the membrane at high temperature is too high and the balance with the evaporation of pheromones from the outer wall of the container is lost,
A liquid film of pheromone is formed on the outer wall of the container, and the pheromone is in a state of leaching. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2 mm, the permeation rate is too low, and the amount of release becomes too small especially at low temperature. Examples of the material of the polyolefin container include polyethylene, polypropylene, polypentene, and copolymers thereof. Considering the molecular weight of the pheromone and the polarity of the molecule, polyethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used. Ethylene copolymers such as

【０００９】フェロモンの上記容器器壁への吸収処理に
ついて説明すると、製剤に用いられるポリオレフィンは
一般にフェロモンに不溶であるがフェロモンを数〜数十
％吸収させることができる。従来、フェロモン製剤の材
質としては20℃の平衡膨潤率で２〜６％のものが好まし
いとされていたが、実際の膨潤量はフェロモンの種類、
ポリオレフィンの性質、温度に影響されることが明らか
になった。例えば、ポリオレフィンの結晶度が低くなる
と膨潤量は大きくなり、また同じ膨潤率でも異なる温度
条件下では製剤壁中の高分子鎖の弛緩の度合いが異な
り、温度の高い方がフェロモン分子および高分子鎖のブ
ラウン運動のためにより弛緩した状態にあると考えられ
る。したがって、同じ膨潤率であっても高温で吸収させ
た場合の方が使用温度においての高分子鎖状態になる速
度が遅く、放出初期の過剰放出が長く続くと考えられ、
その結果として低温の春先からフェロモン製剤を使用す
る場合には実使用温度より高温で吸収した方が好ましく
なる。このように、本発明においてフェロモンをポリオ
レフィン容器に吸収させるには、ポリオレフィンの性質
を考慮して、一定の温度で、ある時間吸収処理すればよ
く、それによって容器への吸収量を任意に調整すること
ができる。Explaining the absorption treatment of pheromone into the wall of the container, the polyolefin used in the preparation is generally insoluble in pheromone, but it can absorb several to several tens of percent of pheromone. Conventionally, it has been considered that the material of the pheromone preparation is preferably 2 to 6% at the equilibrium swelling rate at 20 ° C, but the actual swelling amount is the type of pheromone,
It was clarified that it was affected by the properties and temperature of polyolefin. For example, the degree of swelling increases as the crystallinity of the polyolefin decreases, and the degree of relaxation of the polymer chains in the formulation wall varies under different temperature conditions even with the same swelling rate, with higher temperatures indicating pheromone molecules and polymer chains. It is thought to be in a more relaxed state due to Brown's movement. Therefore, even if the swelling rate is the same, it is considered that when absorbed at a high temperature, the rate of becoming a polymer chain state at the use temperature is slower, and excessive release at the initial stage of release continues for a long time.
As a result, when using a pheromone preparation from early spring at a low temperature, it is preferable to absorb it at a temperature higher than the actual use temperature. As described above, in the present invention, in order to absorb the pheromone into the polyolefin container, in consideration of the properties of the polyolefin, absorption treatment may be performed at a constant temperature for a certain time, whereby the absorption amount into the container is arbitrarily adjusted. be able to.

【００１０】さらに具体例として、エチレン−酢酸ビニ
ル共重合体製容器を用いたアルコール系フェロモンの徐
放性製剤について述べると、アルコール系フェロモンの
放出には酢酸ビニル含有率が１〜５重量％のものが好ま
しい。これが５重量％を超えると膨潤率が増大するほ
か、フェロモンと共重合体との親和性が良すぎるために
高温時にフェロモンを器壁に浸出させて劣化させること
になる。また１重量％未満のものは放出量が少なく器壁
にフェロモンを吸収させた後、放出させるにしても量的
な限界がある。なお、この酢酸ビニル含有率はフェロモ
ンの放出量自体にも影響し、これが多くなると放出量も
多くなり、低温でもある程度の放出量を確保できるが、
高温時にはフェロモンが器壁に浸出して劣化を起こし易
くなる。一方、酢酸ビニル含有率を低くすると、高温時
のフェロモンの浸出による劣化は防げるが、低温時の放
出量を確保するには多量のフェロモンを器壁に吸収させ
る必要がある。As a more specific example, a sustained-release preparation of an alcohol-type pheromone using a container made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer will be described. To release the alcohol-type pheromone, the vinyl acetate content is 1 to 5% by weight. Those are preferable. If it exceeds 5% by weight, the swelling rate increases, and since the affinity between the pheromone and the copolymer is too good, the pheromone is leached to the vessel wall at high temperature and deteriorates. Further, if the amount is less than 1% by weight, the amount of release is small and there is a quantitative limit even if the pheromone is absorbed after being absorbed by the vessel wall. The vinyl acetate content also affects the release amount of pheromone itself, and when it increases, the release amount also increases, and a certain release amount can be secured even at low temperature.
At high temperatures, pheromones are likely to leach into the vessel wall and cause deterioration. On the other hand, if the vinyl acetate content is low, deterioration due to leaching of pheromones at high temperatures can be prevented, but a large amount of pheromones must be absorbed by the vessel wall in order to secure the release amount at low temperatures.

【００１１】したがって、フェロモンの望ましい吸収
量、つまりエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体製容器に対す
る吸収フェロモンの重量百分率（Ｓ％）は、共重合体の
酢酸ビニル含有率（Ｃ％）によっても異なり、Ｓ×Ｃが
３〜50（％² ）の範囲にあるのが好ましい。これは、酢
酸ビニル含有率が比較的高いときは放出速度もある程度
大きいため、低温時の放出量を大きくする必要はなく、
予め器壁に吸収させるフェロモンの量も比較的少なくて
よく、逆に酢酸ビニル含有率が低いときは高温時での必
要以上の放出を防止し、フェロモンの器壁への浸出によ
るフェロモンの劣化を完全に防ぐことはできるが、低温
時の放出量の確保が必要となるため、予め器壁に吸収さ
れるフェロモンの量を多くする必要があることを示して
いる。Therefore, the desired absorption amount of the pheromone, that is, the weight percentage (S%) of the absorption pheromone to the container made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is different depending on the vinyl acetate content (C%) of the copolymer. It is preferable that xC is in the range of 3 to 50 (% ² ). This is because the release rate is relatively high when the vinyl acetate content is relatively high, so there is no need to increase the release amount at low temperatures.
The amount of pheromone to be absorbed into the vessel wall in advance may be relatively small. Conversely, when the vinyl acetate content is low, excessive release at high temperatures is prevented, and pheromone deterioration due to leaching of pheromone to the vessel wall is prevented. Although it can be completely prevented, it is necessary to increase the amount of pheromone absorbed in the vessel wall in advance because it is necessary to secure the release amount at low temperature.

【００１２】既に述べたように容器に起因するパラメー
タの中でフェロモンの放出速度に大きく影響する因子は
容器の平均壁厚（mm）と酢酸ビニル含有率（重量％）が
挙げられるが、両者の関係については壁厚Ｔ（mm）と酢
酸ビニル含有率Ｃ（重量％）の積Ｔ×Ｃとして１〜５
（mm・％）の範囲にあるのが好ましい。これは、フェロ
モン防除を効果的に行うのに適度な吸収量を器壁に吸収
させるには、酢酸ビニル含有量が多くなれば器壁の膨潤
量も多くなるので、器壁の体積（重量）は少なくてよ
く、逆に酢酸ビニル含有量が少なくなると膨潤量が少な
くなるので、器壁の体積（重量）を増やす必要のあるこ
とを示している。As described above, among the parameters due to the container, the factors that greatly affect the release rate of the pheromone include the average wall thickness (mm) of the container and the vinyl acetate content (wt%). Regarding the relationship, the product T × C of the wall thickness T (mm) and the vinyl acetate content C (weight%) is 1 to 5
It is preferably in the range of (mm ·%). This is because the volume (weight) of the vessel wall increases as the vinyl acetate content increases as the vinyl acetate content increases so that the vessel wall absorbs an appropriate amount of absorption for effective pheromone control. Indicates that it is necessary to increase the volume (weight) of the vessel wall because the swelling amount decreases as the vinyl acetate content decreases.

【００１３】[0013]

【実施例】以下本発明を実施例および比較例によって説
明する。 実施例１ 内径1.17mm、肉厚0.55mm、長さ 200mm、重量 570mgの高
密度ポリエチレン製の細管内に、ナシヒメシンクイガの
フェロモンであるＺ−８−ドデセニルアセテートを 175
mg充填した後、細管の両端を閉じたフェロモン製剤を用
意した。充填時の充填長は 195mmであった。これをアル
ミ袋に包装し、40℃で14日間吸収処理をしたところ、フ
ェロモンの充填長は 155mmに減少したが製剤の重量には
全く変化はなかった。したがって、減少充填長から36mg
分のフェロモンが管壁に吸収されたことになり、これは
細管に対し 6.3重量％の吸収量となる。この製剤を1990
年３月初旬にリンゴ畑に設置し、製剤の重量を測定する
ことによって放出量を求めた結果を表１に示した。これ
より、春先の３〜４月においても放出量は充分あり、通
期にわたり均一な放出が行われたことがわかった。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. Example 1 Z-8-dodecenyl acetate, which is a pheromone of Nashihime Shinkuiga, is placed in a high-density polyethylene thin tube having an inner diameter of 1.17 mm, a wall thickness of 0.55 mm, a length of 200 mm, and a weight of 570 mg.
After filling mg, a pheromone formulation in which both ends of the capillary were closed was prepared. The filling length at the time of filling was 195 mm. When this was packed in an aluminum bag and subjected to absorption treatment at 40 ° C for 14 days, the filling length of the pheromone was reduced to 155 mm, but the weight of the preparation did not change at all. Therefore, from reduced fill length to 36 mg
This means that the minute pheromone was absorbed by the tube wall, which was absorbed by 6.3% by weight of the thin tube. This formulation 1990
Table 1 shows the results obtained by setting the amount of the preparation in an apple field in the beginning of March of the year and measuring the weight of the preparation. From this, it was found that the release amount was sufficient even in early March to April, and the release was uniform over the whole period.

【００１４】比較例１ 実施例１と全く同じフェロモン製剤を準備し、管壁への
フェロモンの吸収処理を行わずに、同様に1990年３月初
旬にリンゴ畑に設置し、製剤の重量を測定することによ
って放出量を求め、その結果を表１に示した。これよ
り、放出量は気温の影響を著しく受け、春先の低温時の
放出量が不足していることがわかった。Comparative Example 1 The same pheromone formulation as in Example 1 was prepared, and the pheromone was not absorbed into the tube wall, and was similarly placed in an apple field in early March 1990 to measure the weight of the formulation. The release amount was determined by doing the above, and the results are shown in Table 1. From this, it was found that the release amount was significantly affected by the temperature, and the release amount was low at low temperature in early spring.

【００１５】[0015]

【表１】 [Table 1]

【００１６】実施例２ 内径1.22mm、肉厚0.55mm、長さ 200mm、重量 580mgの酢
酸ビニル含有率４％のエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体の
細管内に、コドリンガのフェロモンであるＥ−８，Ｅ−
10−ドデカジエノールを 175mg充填した後、細管の両端
を閉じたフェロモン製剤を用意した。充填時の充填長は
195mmであった。これをアルミ袋に包装し、40℃で３日
間吸収処理をしたところ、フェロモンの充填長は 150mm
に減少したが製剤の重量には全く変化はなかった。した
がって、減少充填長から40.4mg分のフェロモンが管壁に
吸収されたことになり、これは細管に対し７重量％の吸
収量となる。この製剤を1990年10月１日にオーストラリ
アのナシ畑に設置し、製剤の重量を測定することによっ
て放出量を求めた結果を表２に示した。これより、春先
10月の低温時においても放出量は充分あり、夏場の１月
〜２月も過剰放出がなく、製剤外壁へのフェロモンの浸
出によるベタつきも全くなく、通期にわたり均一な放出
の行われたことがわかった。Example 2 A pheromone of a codling moth, E-8, was placed in a thin tube of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an inner diameter of 1.22 mm, a wall thickness of 0.55 mm, a length of 200 mm and a weight of 580 mg and a vinyl acetate content of 4%. E-
After filling 175 mg of 10-dodecadienol, a pheromone preparation in which both ends of the capillary were closed was prepared. The filling length at the time of filling is
It was 195 mm. This was packed in an aluminum bag and subjected to absorption treatment at 40 ° C for 3 days, and the pheromone filling length was 150 mm.
However, the weight of the preparation did not change at all. Therefore, from the reduced filling length, 40.4 mg of pheromone was absorbed into the tube wall, which was an absorption amount of 7% by weight with respect to the thin tube. This formulation was installed in a pear field in Australia on October 1, 1990, and the release amount was determined by measuring the weight of the formulation. The results are shown in Table 2. From this, early spring
The release amount was sufficient even in the low temperature of October, there was no excessive release from January to February in the summer, no stickiness due to leaching of pheromone to the outer wall of the drug product, and uniform release throughout the period. all right.

【００１７】比較例２ 実施例２と全く同じフェロモン製剤を準備し、この管壁
へのフェロモンの吸収処理を行わずに、同様に1990年10
月１日にオーストラリアのナシ畑に設置し、重量を測定
することによって放出量を求め、その結果を表２に示し
た。これより、放出量は気温に著しく依存しており、春
先の低温時の放出量が不足していることがわかった。Comparative Example 2 The same pheromone preparation as in Example 2 was prepared, and the pheromone absorption treatment to the tube wall was not carried out.
It was installed on a pear field in Australia on the 1st of each month, and the release amount was determined by measuring the weight. The results are shown in Table 2. From this, it was found that the amount of emission is significantly dependent on the temperature, and the amount of emission at low temperature in early spring is insufficient.

【００１８】比較例３ 実施例２で用いたフェロモン製剤において、酢酸ビニル
含有率が12％であるほかは全く同じものを準備し、管壁
へのフェロモンの吸収処理を行わずに、同様に1990年10
月１日にオーストラリアのナシ畑に設置し、重量測定を
行うことによって放出量を求め、その結果を表２に示し
た。この製剤は春先低温時の放出量は充分であるが、12
月以降気温の上昇と共に放出量が過大になっていてフェ
ロモンが無駄に放出されている。そればかりでなく製剤
の外壁にフェロモンが浸出してベタベタし、ゴミ、ホコ
リの付着も激しく、そのためか１月〜２月においては放
出速度が落ち込む結果となった。Comparative Example 3 The same pheromone formulation as that used in Example 2 was prepared except that the vinyl acetate content was 12%, and the pheromone absorption was not performed on the tube wall. Year 10
It was installed on a pear field in Australia on the 1st of January, and the amount of release was determined by measuring the weight, and the results are shown in Table 2. This formulation gives a sufficient release at low temperatures in early spring,
The pheromone has been released in vain as the amount of release has become excessive with the rise in temperature since the moon. Not only that, the pheromone leached to the outer wall of the preparation and became sticky, and the adhesion of dust and dust was severe, which is probably the reason why the release rate decreased in January to February.

【００１９】[0019]

【表２】 [Table 2]

【００２０】実施例３ 内容積５ml、平均肉厚 0.8mm、重量 1.7ｇの酢酸ビニル
含有率３％のエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体製アンプル
に、Variegated Leaf Roller（ＶＬＲ）の性フェロモン
であるＥ−11−テトラデセノールを 300mg充填したフェ
ロモン製剤を1000個用意した。それぞれをアルミ袋に包
装し40℃で１週間吸収処理をした。処理前と処理後の製
剤の重量変化はなかった。このうち３個を取り出して、
充填したフェロモンを抜き出し、アンプルの内壁を５ml
のエーテルで３回洗浄した後、アンプルの重量を測定し
たところ、充填前の空アンプルの重量よりも３個の平均
で50mgほど増加していた。したがって、アンプルに対し
2.9重量％のフェロモンが器壁に吸収されたことにな
る。この製剤を1990年４月12日に米国のりんご畑に 300
個/ha の割合で約３ha設置しＶＬＲの防除を行った。そ
の結果、性フェロモン誘引トラップによる誘引阻害率は
４月から３ヶ月にわたり95％以上、被害果率もフェロモ
ン製剤無処理区２％に対しフェロモン製剤処理区は 0.3
％というように、非常に高い防除効果が認められた。Example 3 An ampoule made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an inner volume of 5 ml, an average wall thickness of 0.8 mm and a weight of 1.7 g and having a vinyl acetate content of 3% was used as a sex pheromone of a Variegated Leaf Roller (VLR). 1,000 pheromone preparations containing 300 mg of -11-tetradecenol were prepared. Each was packed in an aluminum bag and subjected to absorption treatment at 40 ° C for 1 week. There was no weight change in the formulation before and after treatment. Take out three of these,
Take out the filled pheromone and put 5ml on the inner wall of the ampoule.
After washing three times with the above ether, the weight of the ampoule was measured, and it was found that the weight of three empty ampoules was increased by about 50 mg on average on the basis of the weight of the empty ampoule before being filled. Therefore, for ampoules
This means that 2.9% by weight of the pheromone was absorbed by the vessel wall. This formulation was applied to apple fields in the United States on April 12, 1990 300
VLR was controlled by installing about 3 ha at a rate of pcs / ha. As a result, the attraction inhibition rate by the sex pheromone attraction trap was 95% or more from April to 3 months, and the damage fruit rate was 0.3% in the pheromone preparation-treated area compared to 2% in the pheromone preparation-untreated area.
%, A very high control effect was recognized.

【００２１】[0021]

【発明の効果】このように本発明の交信撹乱方法によれ
ば、夏場の高温時のフェロモンの劣化、特にフェロモン
の製剤外表面浸出による劣化を防ぐことができ、また春
先の低温時の放出に対しては製剤壁に一定量以上のフェ
ロモンを吸収させることにより充分な放出量を確保でき
る。したがって、本発明によれば年間を通じて交信撹乱
に優れた防除効果が得られる。As described above, according to the method for disturbing communication according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of pheromones at high temperature in summer, especially the deterioration of pheromones due to the leaching of the pheromone on the outer surface of the preparation, and the release at low temperature in early spring. On the other hand, a sufficient release amount can be secured by allowing the formulation wall to absorb a certain amount or more of pheromone. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an excellent control effect against communication disturbance throughout the year.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山本 昭 新潟県中頸城郡頸城村大字西福島28番地の １ 信越化学工業株式会社合成技術研究所 内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Akira Yamamoto No. 28 Nishi-Fukushima, Kubiki Village, Nakakubiki-gun, Niigata Prefecture 1 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】均質な膜からなるポリオレフィンフィルム
製の容器に液状の性フェロモン物質を春先の低温の時期
に封入し、35℃以上の場所に一定期間放置して容器の重
量の２重量％以上の性フェロモン物質を器壁に吸収さ
せ、これを徐放性フェロモン製剤として年間を通じて使
用することを特徴とする交信撹乱方法。1. A container made of a homogeneous polyolefin film containing a liquid sex pheromone substance at a low temperature in early spring and left at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher for a certain period of time for 2% by weight or more of the weight of the container. A method for disturbing communication, which comprises absorbing the sex pheromone substance of the above in the vessel wall and using this as a sustained release pheromone formulation throughout the year.