JPH05199999A - Scanning type fundus camera - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a stereoscopic fundus oculi image with inexpensive and simple constitution by two-dimensionally projecting and scanning the fundus oculi with a bright point by a scanning means and detecting the bright point reflected image of the fundus oculi while simultaneously detecting the received light quantity and the light receiving position. CONSTITUTION:A convex lens 3 and an imaging lens 12 are so moved that a diaphragm plate 2 and a photodetector 13 exist in conjugation with the fundus oculi Er at the time of operation and scanning is started by turning scanning mirrors 7, 9. The light beam 4 emitted from a light source 1 is projected via the diaphragm plate 2, the convex lens 3, an aperture 4a of an eccentric diaphragm 4, a relay lens 6, a scanning mirror 7 and a relay lens 10 in such a manner that the fundus oculi Er of the eye E to be examined is scanned two-dimensionally with this light. The reflected light beam passes the optical system backward, is reflected by a half mirror 5, is passed through an aperture 11a of an eccentric diaphragm 11 and an imaging lens 12. This beam is received by the photodetector 13. The beam reflected on the plane parallel with the inside of the plane of Fig. inclines and the reflected beam moves on the photodetector 13 if the fundus oculi Er has ruggedness. The depth of the fundus oculi Er is measured by this moving quantity.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、眼科医院等で用いら
れ、被検眼の眼底を検査する走査型眼底カメラに関する
ものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a scanning fundus camera which is used in an ophthalmology clinic or the like and inspects the fundus of an eye to be examined.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来から知られている眼科検査装置にお
いて、被検眼の眼底情報を取り出す手段としては眼底カ
メラが広く用いられている。眼底の凹凸状態を捉える方
法としては、眼底をステレオ撮影する方法と、眼底に縞
模様を投影する方法がある。また、特開昭６３−１８３
０４１号公報のような眼底面の凹凸を検出する装置も提
案されている。2. Description of the Related Art In a conventionally known ophthalmic examination apparatus, a fundus camera is widely used as a means for extracting fundus information of an eye to be examined. As a method of capturing the unevenness of the fundus, there are a method of stereoscopically photographing the fundus and a method of projecting a striped pattern on the fundus. Also, JP-A-63-183
A device for detecting irregularities on the fundus of the eye such as Japanese Patent No. 041 has also been proposed.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、ステレ
オ撮影では眼底の深さの数値化が困難である。また、縞
模様を投影する方法では新たに縞模様を重ねて投影しな
ければならず、例えば緑内障の判定材料となる乳頭部カ
ッピングの様子を調べる場合等においては、眼底像観察
のための照明光によって縞模様が消され計測不能になっ
たり、縞間隔に応じた計測のため不連続性が生ずる等の
欠点を有している。However, it is difficult to digitize the depth of the fundus in stereo photography. In the method of projecting a striped pattern, a striped pattern must be newly superimposed and projected.For example, in the case of examining the state of cup cupping, which is a material for determining glaucoma, the illumination light for observing the fundus image is used. Due to this, the striped pattern is erased and measurement becomes impossible, and discontinuity occurs due to the measurement according to the stripe interval, and so on.

【０００４】また、特開昭６３−１８３０４１号公報の
装置では、光量検出と光位置検出器の２つの検出器を用
いなくてはならず、装置が非常に高価なものとなり、更
に光位置検出器の感度が充分ではなく、かなりの光量を
被検眼の眼底に投影しなくてはならないという欠点があ
る。Further, in the apparatus of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-183041, it is necessary to use two detectors, that is, a light quantity detector and an optical position detector, which makes the apparatus very expensive and further the optical position detection. There is a drawback that the sensitivity of the vessel is not sufficient and a considerable amount of light must be projected onto the fundus of the eye to be examined.

【０００５】本発明の目的は、上述の欠点を解消し、安
価かつコンパクトで、容易に立体眼底像の得られる走査
型眼底カメラを提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide an inexpensive and compact scanning fundus camera which can easily obtain a stereoscopic fundus image.

【０００６】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上述の目的を達成するた
めの本発明に係る走査型眼底カメラは、被検眼の眼底に
輝点を二次元的に投影走査する走査手段と、該走査手段
を介して眼底上の輝点反射像の位置を検出する位置検出
手段と、前記輝点反射像の光量を検出する光量検出手段
と、該光量検出手段の出力から眼底像を表示する表示手
段とを有する走査型眼底カメラにおいて、前記位置検出
手段と光量検出手段を同一の光検出器としたことを特徴
とするものである。A scanning fundus camera according to the present invention for achieving the above object comprises a scanning means for two-dimensionally projecting and scanning a bright spot on the fundus of an eye to be examined, and the scanning means. Position detecting means for detecting the position of the bright spot reflection image on the fundus through, light quantity detecting means for detecting the light quantity of the bright spot reflection image, and display means for displaying the fundus image from the output of the light quantity detecting means. In the scanning-type fundus camera, the position detecting means and the light amount detecting means are the same photodetector.

【０００７】[0007]

【作用】上述の構成を有する走査型眼底カメラは、走査
手段により輝点を眼底に二次元的に投影走査し、眼底の
輝点反射像を受光光量と受光位置を同時に検出しながら
光検出器で受光し、この受光位置から算出される眼底の
深さ情報と走査位置情報を表示手段によって表示する。The scanning type fundus camera having the above-described structure is such that the scanning means causes the bright spots to be projected and scanned on the fundus two-dimensionally, and the bright spot reflection image of the fundus is detected simultaneously while detecting the amount of received light and the position of the received light. Then, the display unit displays the fundus depth information and the scanning position information calculated from the light receiving position.

【０００８】[0008]

【実施例】本発明を図示の実施例に基づいて詳細に説明
する。図１は実施例の構成図であり、レーザー光源又は
白熱ランプから成る光源１から被検眼Ｅまでの光路に沿
って、光軸上に小開口を有する絞り板２、光軸上で移動
可能な凸レンズ３、光軸から偏心した位置に開口４ａを
持つ偏心絞り４、光軸に関して片側の光ビームを反射す
る半鏡５、リレーレンズ６、被検眼Ｅの瞳Epに共役で駆
動部７ａによって駆動され、紙面と平行方向に光ビーム
走査する走査ミラー７、リレーレンズ８、瞳Epと共役で
駆動部９ａによって駆動され、紙面と垂直方向に光ビー
ムを走査する走査ミラー９、対物レンズ１０が順次に配
置されている。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment, along a light path from a light source 1 composed of a laser light source or an incandescent lamp to an eye E to be examined, a diaphragm plate 2 having a small opening on the optical axis, and movable on the optical axis. Convex lens 3, eccentric diaphragm 4 having an opening 4a at a position eccentric from the optical axis, half mirror 5 that reflects a light beam on one side with respect to the optical axis, relay lens 6, and drive to the pupil Ep of the eye E to be conjugated by the driving unit 7a The scanning mirror 7 for scanning the light beam in the direction parallel to the paper surface, the relay lens 8, the scanning mirror 9 for driving the light beam in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface and the objective lens 10 are driven in sequence by the driving unit 9a conjugated with the pupil Ep. It is located in.

【０００９】また、半鏡５の反射方向には、光軸から偏
心した位置に開口１１ａを有する偏心絞り１１、凸レン
ズ３と連動して動作する結像レンズ１２、絞り板と共役
とされ、入射総光量が検出でき高感度の光検出器１３と
を共役な関係に配置する結像レンズ１３が配設されてい
る。光検出器１３の出力は演算回路１４によって総光量
と位置の出力に分離され、コントローラ１５に送られて
テレビモニタ１６に出力されるようになっている。Further, in the reflection direction of the half mirror 5, an eccentric diaphragm 11 having an opening 11a at a position eccentric from the optical axis, an imaging lens 12 which operates in conjunction with the convex lens 3, and a diaphragm plate are made incident and are incident. An image forming lens 13 is provided which is arranged in a conjugate relationship with a photodetector 13 having a high sensitivity and capable of detecting the total amount of light. The output of the photodetector 13 is separated by the arithmetic circuit 14 into total light amount and position outputs, which are sent to the controller 15 and output to the television monitor 16.

【００１０】図２は光検出器１３の断面図である。光検
出器１３は一次元のイメージイテンシファイア（光電子
増倍管）２１と高感度な位置検出器であるＰＳＤ（位置
検出器）２２を組合わせた構成とされている。入射光Ｌ
はイメージイテンシファイア２１の光電面２１ａに入射
し、一旦光電変換が行われ電子を放電し、図示しない電
子レンズとマイクロチャンネルプレートの働きによって
数千倍の光強度に増幅した後に、蛍光面２１ｂを発光さ
せ蛍光光Ｌ’がＰＳＤ２２に射する。ＰＳＤ２２は蛍光
面２１ｂ側からＰ層、Ｉ層、Ｎ層の３層から成る層構造
で、蛍光光Ｌ’の位置に電荷が発生し、この電荷によっ
てＰ層内を流れる光電流がi1、i2が生じて、光電流i1、
i2を電極２２ａ、２２ｂを通じて測定することにより入
射光Ｌの入射位置が測定できるようになっている。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the photodetector 13. The photodetector 13 is configured by combining a one-dimensional image intensifier (photomultiplier tube) 21 and a PSD (position detector) 22 which is a highly sensitive position detector. Incident light L
Is incident on the photocathode 21a of the image intensifier 21, is once photoelectrically converted to discharge electrons, and is amplified to a light intensity several thousand times by the action of an electron lens and a microchannel plate (not shown). Is emitted and the fluorescent light L ′ is emitted to the PSD 22. The PSD 22 has a layered structure composed of three layers of a P layer, an I layer, and an N layer from the side of the phosphor screen 21b, and an electric charge is generated at the position of the fluorescent light L ', and a photocurrent flowing in the P layer due to the electric charge is i1, i2 Occurs, the photocurrent i1,
The incident position of the incident light L can be measured by measuring i2 through the electrodes 22a and 22b.

【００１１】図３は瞳Epの正面図であり、Ａは入射光
束、Ｂは射出光束である。動作時には、先ず絞り板２と
光検出器１３が眼底Erに共役になるように凸レンズ３、
結像レンズ１３を移動し、走査ミラー７、９を回動させ
て走査を開始する。光源１から出射した光ビームは、絞
り板２、凸レンズ３、偏心絞り４の開口４ａ、リレーレ
ンズ６、走査ミラー７、リレーレンズ８、走査ミラー
９、リレーレンズ１０を介して、被検眼Ｅの眼底Er上に
二次元的に走査されるように投影され、反射した光ビー
ムは光学系を逆行して半鏡５で反射され、偏心絞り１１
の開口１１ａ、結像レンズ１２を通り、光検出器１３で
受光される。FIG. 3 is a front view of the pupil Ep, where A is an incident light beam and B is an exit light beam. In operation, first, the convex lens 3 and the photodetector 13 are arranged so that they are conjugated to the fundus Er.
The imaging lens 13 is moved and the scanning mirrors 7 and 9 are rotated to start scanning. The light beam emitted from the light source 1 passes through the diaphragm plate 2, the convex lens 3, the opening 4a of the eccentric diaphragm 4, the relay lens 6, the scanning mirror 7, the relay lens 8, the scanning mirror 9, and the relay lens 10 and is directed to the eye E to be inspected. The light beam projected and reflected on the fundus Er so as to be two-dimensionally scanned goes back through the optical system and is reflected by the half mirror 5, and the eccentric diaphragm 11
The light passes through the opening 11 a of the image forming lens 12 and the imaging lens 12, and is received by the photodetector 13.

【００１２】このとき、眼底Erが平面である場合には、
入射光の位置は光検出器１３の中央にあり移動しない。
眼底Erに凹凸がある場合は、入射光束Ａと射出光束Ｂを
結ぶ方向、即ち紙面内と平行な面で反射ビームは傾き、
この反射ビームは光検出器１３上を移動する。このとき
の移動量を検出することにより、眼底Erの深さを計測す
ることができる。At this time, when the fundus Er is flat,
The position of the incident light is at the center of the photodetector 13 and does not move.
When the fundus Er has irregularities, the reflected beam tilts in the direction connecting the incident light beam A and the outgoing light beam B, that is, in the plane parallel to the paper surface,
This reflected beam moves on the photodetector 13. By detecting the amount of movement at this time, the depth of the fundus Er can be measured.

【００１３】光検出器１３の総光量信号は測定点の反射
能によるため、入射光束Ａの走査による走査ミラー７、
９の角度情報を総合するにより、眼底面のマップとその
深さ方向の情報を得ることができる。得られた情報はコ
ントローラ１５による信号処理を経て、図１に示すよう
に眼底像Ｆと任意の切断面Ｓにおける深さに関する陥凹
Ｄを並記してテレビモニタ１６に出力される。切断面Ｓ
は任意に選択できるようにし、かつ深さ情報は画像情報
のどの部分に相当するかを合わせて表示することが望ま
しい。更に、別の表示方法として、眼底像Ｆとそれに重
ねた投光線図や陥凹Ｄに応じた白黒又はカラーの濃度図
などを画くことも可能である。Since the total light amount signal of the photodetector 13 depends on the reflectivity of the measuring point, the scanning mirror 7 by scanning the incident light beam A,
By combining the angle information of 9, the fundus map and the information in the depth direction can be obtained. The obtained information is subjected to signal processing by the controller 15, and as shown in FIG. 1, a fundus image F and a recess D relating to the depth in an arbitrary cutting plane S are written side by side and output to the television monitor 16. Cut surface S
Can be arbitrarily selected, and it is desirable to display the depth information corresponding to which part of the image information. Furthermore, as another display method, it is also possible to draw a fundus image F and a projection diagram superimposed on it, a black-and-white or color density diagram corresponding to the depression D, and the like.

【００１４】上述の実施例においては、光位置検出器１
３としてイメージインテンシファイア２１を結合したＰ
ＳＤ２２を使用したが、ＰＳＤ２２の代りにリニアセン
サアレイ等の位置検出器を用いてもよい。In the above embodiment, the optical position detector 1
P combined with image intensifier 21 as 3
Although the SD22 is used, a position detector such as a linear sensor array may be used instead of the PSD22.

【００１５】[0015]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明に係る走査型
眼底カメラは、輝点走査光を用いて眼底を観察するた
め、連続かつ高感度、高分解能の計測が可能であり、ま
た複数個の光検出器や二次元センサを用いる必要もない
ため、装置を安価かつコンパクトに構成することが可能
である。As described above, since the scanning fundus camera according to the present invention observes the fundus using the bright spot scanning light, continuous, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution measurement is possible, and a plurality of them are available. Since it is not necessary to use the photodetector or the two-dimensional sensor of 1), the device can be configured inexpensively and compactly.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】構成図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram.

【図２】光検出器の構成図である。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a photodetector.

【図３】入出射瞳の位置関係の説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a positional relationship between entrance and exit pupils.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 光源 ２ 絞り板 ４、１１ 偏心絞り ７、９ 走査ミラー １０ 対物レンズ １３ 光検出器 １４ 演算回路 １５ コントローラ １６ テレビモニタ ２１ イメージインテンシファイア ２２ ＰＳＤ 1 light source 2 diaphragm plate 4, 11 eccentric diaphragm 7, 9 scanning mirror 10 objective lens 13 photodetector 14 arithmetic circuit 15 controller 16 TV monitor 21 image intensifier 22 PSD

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 被検眼の眼底に輝点を二次元的に投影走
査する走査手段と、該走査手段を介して眼底上の輝点反
射像の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、前記輝点反射像
の光量を検出する光量検出手段と、該光量検出手段の出
力から眼底像を表示する表示手段とを有する走査型眼底
カメラにおいて、前記位置検出手段と光量検出手段を同
一の光検出器としたことを特徴とする走査型眼底カメ
ラ。1. A scanning device for two-dimensionally projecting and scanning a bright spot on the fundus of an eye to be inspected, a position detecting device for detecting a position of a bright spot reflection image on the fundus through the scanning device, and the bright spot. In a scanning fundus camera having a light amount detecting means for detecting the light amount of a reflected image and a display means for displaying a fundus image from the output of the light amount detecting means, the position detecting means and the light amount detecting means are the same photodetector. A scanning fundus camera characterized in that 【請求項２】 前記光検出器は一次元位置検出器であ
り、その受光面上にイメージインテンシファイアを結合
した請求項１に記載の走査型眼底カメラ。2. The scanning fundus camera according to claim 1, wherein the photodetector is a one-dimensional position detector, and an image intensifier is coupled on a light receiving surface thereof. 【請求項３】 前記光検出器はリニアセンサアレイであ
り、その受光面上にイメージインテンシファイアを結合
した請求項１に記載の走査型眼底カメラ。3. The scanning fundus camera according to claim 1, wherein the photodetector is a linear sensor array, and an image intensifier is coupled on a light receiving surface thereof.