JPH05179350A - Production of roller shaft for cam follower with roller - Google Patents
Production of roller shaft for cam follower with rollerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05179350A JPH05179350A JP35984591A JP35984591A JPH05179350A JP H05179350 A JPH05179350 A JP H05179350A JP 35984591 A JP35984591 A JP 35984591A JP 35984591 A JP35984591 A JP 35984591A JP H05179350 A JPH05179350 A JP H05179350A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- shaft
- induction
- cam follower
- roller shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、内燃機関、その他産業
機械のカム機構に使用されるローラ付カムフォロアの鋼
製ローラ軸の製造方法において、主に熱処理法による製
造方法の改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing a steel roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller used in a cam mechanism of an internal combustion engine or other industrial machines, mainly by a heat treatment method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ローラ付カムフォロアは、カムフォロア
本体に一体に設けられたヨーク状の対向する一対のロー
ラ支持部材の間に保持されたローラが、当該ローラ支持
部材に設けられた軸孔に端部がかしめ固定されたローラ
軸により、当該ローラの内周面に摺接するニードル転動
体を介在させて軸承されているカムフォロアである。2. Description of the Related Art In a cam follower with a roller, a roller held between a pair of opposing yoke-shaped roller supporting members integrally provided in a cam follower body has an end portion in a shaft hole provided in the roller supporting member. The cam follower is rotatably supported by a roller shaft fixed by crimping with a needle rolling element slidingly in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the roller.
【０００３】このようなカムフォロアは、カムの外周面
に当接した上記ローラが、カムの回転に従って回転しな
がら、カムフォロア軸を中心とするカムフォロアの揺動
運動に変換するが、カム接触面での摩擦とそれに伴う磨
耗が少ないので、自動車用エンジンの弁駆動用として広
く利用されている。In such a cam follower, the roller contacting the outer peripheral surface of the cam is converted into the swinging motion of the cam follower about the cam follower shaft while rotating according to the rotation of the cam. It is widely used as a valve drive for automobile engines because it has less friction and less wear.
【０００４】ローラ付カムフォロアのローラを軸承する
ローラ軸は、鋼製の概ね円柱体であって、その外周面
が、ニードル転動体の転走に耐えるに十分な耐磨耗性を
付与するため高硬度とし、他方、その両端部が上記ロー
ラ支持部材の軸孔に挿通され、その両端面にかしめ加工
して固定するので、両端部は十分に軟質であるものが要
求される。The roller shaft for bearing the roller of the cam follower with roller is a substantially cylindrical body made of steel, and the outer peripheral surface of the roller has a high abrasion resistance to withstand rolling of the needle rolling element. On the other hand, since both ends thereof are inserted into the shaft holes of the roller supporting member and fixed to the both end faces by caulking, the both ends are required to be sufficiently soft.
【０００５】両端部が軟質で、かつ、中央部外周面が高
硬度に調質されたローラ軸としては、従来、ローラ軸素
材の中央部外周面にのみ高周波加熱による焼入れと、そ
の後の低温焼戻しによる方法により製造されるものが知
られている（特開昭６２−７９０８号）。Conventionally, as a roller shaft having both ends soft and the central outer surface highly tempered, conventionally, only the central outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft material is subjected to quenching by high frequency heating and then low temperature tempering. Those manufactured by the method according to JP-A-62-7908 are known.
【０００６】また、本出願人は、既に、ローラ軸の外周
面を浸炭焼入れした後に両端部のみ高周波焼なましによ
り軟化部としたローラ軸（実願平２−４０５７７５
号）、外周面を一体焼入れした後に両端部のみ高周波焼
なまししたローラ軸（実願平２−４０５７７６号）など
を提案した。Further, the applicant of the present invention has already proposed that the outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft is carburized and quenched, and then only the both ends are induction-annealed to soften the roller shaft.
No.), a roller shaft (in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-405776) in which only the both ends are induction-annealed after the outer peripheral surface is integrally quenched.
【０００７】このような両端部が軟化されているローラ
軸は、ローラ軸端部をローラ支持部材の軸孔にかしめ固
定するのに、軸孔に挿通したローラ軸の端面が、軸孔で
の支持部材表面と連なる状態で、端面の外周縁極く近く
にかしめ溝を円形に形成するように打刻することによっ
て、拡大した端部外面を当該軸孔内面に圧着させるので
ある。別のかしめ方法としては、座ぐり端面を有するロ
ーラ軸を使用して、座ぐり面に当接するテーパー面のポ
ンチにより、座ぐり部外縁部を拡大して、かしめる方法
も採用されている。In such a roller shaft whose both ends are softened, the end face of the roller shaft inserted into the shaft hole is formed in the shaft hole so that the end of the roller shaft is caulked and fixed in the shaft hole of the roller supporting member. By engraving so as to form a caulking groove in a circular shape near the outer peripheral edge of the end face in a state of being continuous with the surface of the support member, the enlarged outer face of the end portion is crimped to the inner face of the shaft hole. As another caulking method, a method of using a roller shaft having a counterbore end face and enlarging the outer edge portion of the counterbore part by a punch having a tapered surface that abuts on the counterbore surface and caulking is also adopted.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ローラ軸の端部は、端
面の外周縁部及び端部外周面の端縁部とが共にかしめの
際の塑性変形可能な程度に軟質であることが要求され
る。他方、ローラ支持部材にかしめ固定されたローラ軸
が、カムフォロアの長期間使用中に、緩み・がたつきに
より軸孔から抜け落ちる恐れがあるので、これを防止す
るためには、ローラ軸端部は一定以上の硬度が要求され
る。The end of the roller shaft is required to be so soft that both the outer peripheral edge of the end surface and the end edge of the outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft can be plastically deformed during caulking. It On the other hand, the roller shaft caulked and fixed to the roller support member may come off from the shaft hole due to looseness or rattling during long-term use of the cam follower.To prevent this, the roller shaft end should be Hardness above a certain level is required.
【０００９】従来のローラ軸の熱処理方法において、ロ
ーラ軸の両端部を残して中央部外周面にのみ高周波焼入
れをする上記の方法では、ローラ軸端部の硬度を所定範
囲に調整するためには、予めローラ軸素材、通常は、棒
鋼又は鋼線に、冷却速度を規制した焼ならし処理等の熱
処理をしておく必要があった。In the conventional method for heat treating a roller shaft, the above method of induction hardening only on the outer peripheral surface of the central portion of the roller shaft while leaving both ends of the roller shaft in order to adjust the hardness of the end portion of the roller shaft to a predetermined range. It was necessary to previously heat-treat the roller shaft material, usually a steel bar or a steel wire, such as a normalizing process in which the cooling rate was regulated.
【００１０】また、一体焼入れ又は浸炭焼入れ後の高周
波焼なましによる上記熱処理は、高周波焼なましによる
やや高めの硬度の両端部を得るには好都合であるが、表
層より内側に硬質部を残したり、又、表層に浸炭による
高炭素層を残すので、十分に軟質とすることには難点が
あった。The above-mentioned heat treatment by induction annealing after integral hardening or carburizing quenching is convenient for obtaining both ends having a slightly higher hardness by induction annealing, but leaves a hard portion inside the surface layer. In addition, since a high carbon layer due to carburization remains on the surface layer, it is difficult to make it sufficiently soft.
【００１１】本発明は、上記問題に対処すべく、かしめ
固定に供されるローラ軸両端部の硬度調整の容易な、か
つ安価で量産性に優れたカムフォロア用ローラ軸の熱処
理による製造方法を提供しようとするものである。In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower by heat treatment which is easy to adjust the hardness of both ends of the roller shaft used for caulking and is inexpensive and excellent in mass productivity. Is what you are trying to do.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明のローラ付カムフ
ォロア用のローラ軸の製造方法は、ローラ付カムフォロ
ア本体の一対の対向するローラ支持部材の間に支持され
るローラをニードル転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ
支持部材の軸孔に両端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸を
製造する方法であるが、端面が形成されたローラ軸素材
の外周面に高周波焼入れして、焼戻して後、両端部にの
み高周波焼なましをすることを特徴とするものである。According to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller, wherein a roller supported between a pair of opposed roller supporting members of a cam follower body with a roller is interposed by a needle rolling element. It is a method of manufacturing a roller shaft in which both ends are caulked and fixed to the shaft hole of the roller supporting member, but the outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft material on which the end surface is formed is induction hardened and then tempered. It is characterized in that only both ends are subjected to induction annealing.
【００１３】本発明は、また、軸素材に高周波焼入れ
し、次いで、焼戻しをした後、所定長さに切断して端面
を形成し、次に両端部にのみ高周波焼なましをすること
を特徴とするローラ付カムフォロア用のローラ軸の製造
方法を含む。The present invention is also characterized in that a shaft material is induction-hardened, then tempered, then cut to a predetermined length to form end faces, and then both ends are induction-annealed. And a method of manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller.
【００１４】さらに、本発明は、軸素材の外周面に高周
波焼入れをし、次いで焼戻しをした後に、切断すること
なく、端面位置に相当する外周面近傍にのみ高周波焼な
ましをし、次いで当該焼なまし位置で切断して端面を形
成することを特徴とするローラ軸が含まれる。Further, according to the present invention, the outer peripheral surface of the shaft material is induction-hardened, then tempered, and then, without cutting, only the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface corresponding to the end surface position is induction-annealed, and then, Included is a roller shaft characterized by being cut at the annealing position to form the end face.
【００１５】本発明には、上記のローラ軸製造方法にお
いて、高周波焼入れ後の焼戻しを省略して、高周波焼な
ましの際に除冷することによる伝熱をもって中央部外周
面を焼戻す方法も含まれる。In the present invention, there is also provided a method for tempering the outer peripheral surface of the central portion by heat transfer by cooling during induction annealing, omitting tempering after induction hardening in the above method for manufacturing a roller shaft. included.
【００１６】ローラ軸素材は、高周波焼入れにより焼入
れ硬化能を有する構造用炭素鋼、例えばＳ５３Ｃ鋼、構
造用低合金鋼や軸受鋼、例えばＳＵＪ２鋼などの鋼材が
利用される。As the roller shaft material, structural carbon steel having quench hardening ability by induction hardening, such as S53C steel, structural low alloy steel or bearing steel, such as SUJ2 steel, is used.
【００１７】鋼材は、ローラ軸径より僅かに外径の大き
い棒鋼又は鋼線で、熱間圧延品が使用される。高周波焼
入れの前には、熱処理後の表面研磨代を残して外周面を
形成しておく。The steel material is steel bar or steel wire having an outer diameter slightly larger than the roller shaft diameter, and a hot rolled product is used. Before induction hardening, the outer peripheral surface is formed with the surface polishing margin after heat treatment left.
【００１８】本発明のローラ軸は、円柱状又は中空の円
筒状を成すもので、中実円柱状のローラ軸は平端面又は
座ぐり端面を有するものである。The roller shaft of the present invention has a cylindrical or hollow cylindrical shape, and the solid cylindrical roller shaft has a flat end face or a spot facing end face.
【００１９】端面形成後に熱処理を行う製造方法におい
ては、鋼線等を切断し、その端面を旋削又は冷間鍛造に
より平端面又は座ぐり端面に成形する。冷間鍛造による
場合は、外周面を旋削する。In the manufacturing method in which the heat treatment is performed after the end face is formed, a steel wire or the like is cut, and the end face is formed into a flat end face or a spot facing end face by turning or cold forging. In the case of cold forging, the outer peripheral surface is turned.
【００２０】端面が形成されたローラ軸素材は、高周波
焼入れをするが、まず、高周波コイルの中空部にローラ
軸素材を挿入固定して誘導電流により、軸素材外周面全
面を極く短時間加熱し、次いで直ちに軸素材表面に注水
するか、又は軸素材を水中もしくは油中に投入して急冷
する。次に焼戻しは、加熱された電気炉中に、上記焼入
れ素材を保持加熱する。The roller shaft material on which the end face is formed is induction hardened. First, the roller shaft material is inserted and fixed in the hollow portion of the high frequency coil, and the entire outer peripheral surface of the shaft material is heated for a very short time by induced current. Then, the surface of the shaft material is immediately poured with water, or the shaft material is put into water or oil and rapidly cooled. Next, in tempering, the above-mentioned quenching material is held and heated in a heated electric furnace.
【００２１】高周波焼なましは、焼入れと焼戻しとがさ
れた上記ロール素材の一端部のみを、高周波コイルの端
部開口部に近接させ、又は僅かに挿入させた状態に保持
して、高周波誘導電流により端部を極く短時間加熱し、
次いで放冷する。また、高周波加熱後、短時間の放冷後
に表面の注水又は素材の水中投入により急冷する方法も
採用される。Induction annealing is carried out by holding only one end of the quenched and tempered roll material close to the end opening of the high frequency coil or slightly inserting it into the high frequency induction. The end is heated for a very short time by the electric current,
Then allow to cool. Further, after high-frequency heating, a method of rapidly cooling by pouring water on the surface or pouring the material into water after cooling for a short time is also adopted.
【００２２】上記の製造方法において、高周波焼入れ後
の焼戻しを省略して、高周波焼なましの際の除冷による
伝熱によっても、焼戻しを行うこともできる。In the above manufacturing method, tempering after induction hardening can be omitted, and tempering can also be performed by heat transfer by cooling during induction annealing.
【００２３】あらかじめ端面を形成することなく、鋼線
又は棒鋼の線状軸素材を高周波焼入れする製造法におい
ては、素材全長を中空部に収容できる高周波コイルに、
素材を挿通して、高周波誘導加熱を行い、所定温度に加
熱して直ちに注水又は水中投入によって焼入れを行う。
長尺の素材に対しては他の方法として、短長の高周波コ
イル内に素材を一端から長手方向に、一定速度で挿通移
動させながら、高周波電流により素材外周面を順次連続
して加熱する。急冷はコイル終端部からスプレーノズル
により注水して行う。In the manufacturing method of induction hardening a linear shaft material of a steel wire or a steel bar without forming an end face in advance, in a high frequency coil capable of accommodating the entire length of the material in a hollow portion,
The material is inserted, high-frequency induction heating is performed, and the material is heated to a predetermined temperature and immediately quenched by pouring water or pouring in water.
As another method for a long material, the outer peripheral surface of the material is sequentially heated by a high-frequency current while moving the material from one end in the short-length high-frequency coil in the longitudinal direction at a constant speed. Rapid cooling is performed by pouring water from the end of the coil using a spray nozzle.
【００２４】このような焼入れ素材は、全体を焼戻して
後、所定長さに切断して、上述の要領で高周波焼なまし
を行い、端面旋削と外周面の研磨仕上げを行う。The hardened material as described above is annealed as a whole, cut into a predetermined length, subjected to induction annealing in the above-described manner, and end face turning and polishing finish of the outer peripheral surface.
【００２５】棒状の焼入れ素材は、別の製造方法とし
て、切断することなく、単一のコイル内に挿通されて、
素材の外周面上にローラ軸の端面間長さよりわずかに長
い間隔ごとに、高周波焼なましを順次行う。また、製品
ローラ軸の端面間長さよりわずかに長い間隔で、同軸上
に配置された複数個のコイル内に素材を挿通固定して、
高周波焼なましを行う方法も採用される。いずれの方法
でも、加熱後、一定時間放冷後に注水して急冷してもよ
い。高周波焼なまし後の長尺素材は切断されて端面旋削
される。As another manufacturing method, the rod-shaped quenching material is inserted into a single coil without cutting,
Induction annealing is sequentially performed on the outer peripheral surface of the material at intervals slightly longer than the length between the end surfaces of the roller shaft. Also, the material is inserted and fixed in a plurality of coaxially arranged coils at intervals slightly longer than the length between the end surfaces of the product roller shaft,
Induction annealing is also used. In any of the methods, after heating, cooling may be performed for a certain period of time and then water may be poured to rapidly cool. The long material after induction annealing is cut and end face turned.
【００２６】以上の本発明の製造方法により、端部が焼
なましされたローラ軸素材は、外周面を常用の方法によ
り精密研摩して、ローラ軸とする。The outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft material whose ends are annealed by the above-described manufacturing method of the present invention is precision ground by a conventional method to form a roller shaft.
【００２７】[0027]
【作用】ローラ軸素材は、高周波焼入れによって、素材
外周面の表層部全面がマルテンサイト変態による焼入れ
硬化され、表面硬化層が形成される。表面の焼入れ硬化
層は、直後の低温焼戻しによって靱性が回復するが、な
お高硬度である。しかし内質部は軟質である。The roller shaft material is induction-hardened to quench-harden the entire surface layer on the outer peripheral surface of the material by the martensitic transformation to form a surface-hardened layer. The quench hardened layer on the surface recovers its toughness immediately after low temperature tempering, but still has a high hardness. However, the inner part is soft.
【００２８】ローラ軸素材の両端部は、高周波焼なまし
により、端部の外周面と端面の周縁部の表層部のみが加
熱されるので、この部分では、焼入れマルテンサイト相
又は焼戻しマルテンサイト相は分解し、軟化する。高周
波加熱の際に、特にオーステナイト領域の８００〜９５
０℃（炭素鋼、０．５％Ｃ鋼など）に極く短時間保持す
ることにより、マルテンサイト相を完全に消失させる。
この場合、焼なましの冷却は、オーステナイト相からマ
ルテンサイト変態を生じないように、放冷時間を確保し
て、フェライト−パーライト変態を完了させた後に水冷
する。素材の炭素含有量などを考えて放冷時間及び水冷
による冷却速度を調整することによってローラ軸端部の
表面硬度を調整する。At both ends of the roller shaft material, only the outer peripheral surface of the end portion and the surface layer portion of the peripheral portion of the end surface are heated by the induction annealing, and therefore, in this portion, the quenched martensite phase or the tempered martensite phase is formed. Decomposes and softens. During high frequency heating, especially in the austenite region of 800 to 95
By holding at 0 ° C (carbon steel, 0.5% C steel, etc.) for an extremely short time, the martensite phase is completely disappeared.
In this case, the annealing cooling is performed by allowing a cooling time so that the martensitic transformation does not occur from the austenite phase and completing the ferrite-pearlite transformation, followed by water cooling. The surface hardness of the roller shaft end is adjusted by adjusting the cooling time and the cooling rate by water cooling in consideration of the carbon content of the material.
【００２９】高周波加熱後の放冷時間を十分に採って、
表面の冷却速度を小さくすれば、粗大なパーライト相と
なり、端部の表面は軟質となって、Ｈｖ２００〜３００
の硬度が得られる。また加熱後の放冷時間を短縮して水
冷すると、微細なパーライト組織あるいはベーナイト組
織となり、端部外周面はＨｖ３００〜４００程度の半硬
質となり、このような半硬質のローラ軸はカムフォロア
組立時の端面のかしめ荷重を大きくする必要はあるが、
カムフォロアの使用中のかしめ部のゆるみ止めに効果が
ある。After allowing sufficient cooling time after high frequency heating,
If the cooling rate of the surface is reduced, a coarse pearlite phase is formed and the surface of the end portion becomes soft, and Hv200-300
The hardness of is obtained. When the cooling time after heating is shortened and water cooling is performed, a fine pearlite structure or bainite structure is formed, and the outer peripheral surface of the end portion becomes semi-hard with a Hv of 300 to 400. Such a semi-rigid roller shaft is used in the cam follower assembly. Although it is necessary to increase the caulking load on the end face,
Effective in preventing the caulking part from loosening during use of the cam follower.
【００３０】高周波焼入れにおいては、オーステナイト
域の加熱時間が極く短く、溶解した炭素は拡散時間が短
いので、マトリックス中に局部的な濃度偏析を生じてお
り、焼なましの際のパーライト変態が速やかに進行す
る。特に、高炭素クロムを含む軸受鋼では、高周波焼入
れの加熱によっても、球状化炭化物は完全に溶解しない
で残留したまま焼入れされて、炭化物周辺に炭素濃化域
が形成されている。このような焼入れ組織に焼なまし処
理をすると、濃化した炭素は、冷却過程で、残留炭化物
に拡散移行して優先的にセメンタイトとして析出するの
で、組織の硬度低下が容易となる。従来の一体焼入れ後
の高周波焼なましにおいては、焼入れ前のオーステナイ
ト化時間が長いので、焼入れ後のマルテンサイト相中の
炭素濃度はほぼ均一であり、焼なまし過程での炭化物形
成に時間を要するので、加熱時間の短い高周波焼なまし
処理では硬度が下がりにくいのである。In induction hardening, the heating time in the austenite region is extremely short and the dissolved carbon is short in diffusion time, so that local concentration segregation occurs in the matrix, and pearlite transformation during annealing occurs. Proceed quickly. In particular, in the bearing steel containing high carbon chromium, the spheroidized carbide is not completely melted even when heated by induction hardening and is hardened while remaining, so that a carbon enriched region is formed around the carbide. When such a quenched structure is annealed, the concentrated carbon diffuses and transfers to residual carbide during the cooling process and preferentially precipitates as cementite, so that the hardness of the structure is easily reduced. In conventional induction hardening after induction hardening, the austenitizing time before hardening is long, so the carbon concentration in the martensite phase after hardening is almost uniform, and it takes time to form carbides during the annealing process. Therefore, it is difficult for the hardness to be lowered by the induction annealing treatment that requires a short heating time.
【００３１】端面を形成したローラ軸素材は、図２
（Ａ）に示すように、高周波焼入れ過程で端面１１の表
層部まで焼入れ硬化されて硬化層１３が形成されるの
で、同図（Ｂ）のように、焼なましは端面１１の軟化を
も行う必要がある。図２（Ｅ）と（Ｆ）には、同様に、
座ぐり端面形成後の高周波焼入れによる硬化層１３とこ
の後の高周波焼なましによる硬化層１３の分布をそれぞ
れ示してある。これに対して、長尺の棒鋼線材等に予め
外周面全面の高周波焼入れをした後に切断・端面形成を
行う本発明方法では、図２（Ｃ）に示すように、切断端
面１１は、外周面に近接する外縁部の焼入れ層１３を除
き、内側１５は軟質であるから、焼なまし過程では端部
の外周面のみを焼なましすれば足りる（図２（Ｄ））。The roller shaft material with the end face formed is shown in FIG.
As shown in (A), since the surface layer portion of the end face 11 is quench-hardened in the induction hardening process to form the hardened layer 13, the annealing also softens the end face 11 as shown in FIG. There is a need to do. 2 (E) and (F), similarly,
The distributions of the hardened layer 13 by induction hardening after forming the spot facing surface and the hardened layer 13 by induction hardening after that are respectively shown. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention in which a long bar steel wire or the like is induction-hardened on the entire outer peripheral surface in advance and then the cutting / end surface formation is performed, as shown in FIG. Since the inner side 15 is soft except for the quenching layer 13 at the outer edge portion close to, it is sufficient to anneal only the outer peripheral surface of the end portion during the annealing process (FIG. 2 (D)).
【００３２】また、長尺の棒鋼等を高周波焼入れしての
ち、長手方向の一定間隔ごとに、外周面を焼なましする
と、焼なまし部で切断すれば、ローラ軸の軟化された端
部が得られる。この方法では、端部形成前に、焼入れさ
れた外周面のみを高周波焼なましをすれば良く、内質部
は熱影響が少ないので軟質のままであり、軟化処理を要
しない。この方法は、熱処理の連続操業化が容易であ
り、コストが低く、量産性に最もすぐれている。After induction hardening of a long steel bar and the like, the outer peripheral surface is annealed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction. If the annealed portion is cut, the softened end of the roller shaft is cut. Is obtained. In this method, only the quenched outer peripheral surface needs to be induction-annealed before forming the end portion, and the inner portion remains soft because it is less affected by heat, and no softening treatment is required. This method facilitates continuous operation of heat treatment, is low in cost, and has the best mass productivity.
【００３３】[0033]
【実施例】予め、端面を形成した軸素材を高周波焼入れ
−高周波焼なましする本発明の製造方法の実施例を以下
に説明する。EXAMPLE An example of the manufacturing method of the present invention in which the shaft material having the end face formed in advance is induction-hardened and induction-annealed will be described below.
【００３４】製品のローラ軸は、図６に示すようなオー
バヘッドカム方式のロッカーアームに使用されるもの
で、外径９ｍｍ、長さ２０ｍｍの円柱状をなし、端面は
ほぼ平面形状を有している。The roller shaft of the product is used for a rocker arm of the overhead cam system as shown in FIG. 6, and has a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 9 mm and a length of 20 mm, and the end surface has a substantially flat shape. There is.
【００３５】ローラ軸素材はＳ５３Ｃ鋼で、ローラ軸外
径寸法に精密研削代を残して、粗加工された棒鋼から、
切断してローラ軸長さに平端面を旋削成形したものであ
る。The material of the roller shaft is S53C steel, and from the bar steel roughly processed, leaving a precision grinding allowance for the outer diameter of the roller shaft,
It is cut and the flat end face is turned to the roller shaft length.
【００３６】高周波焼入れは、ローラ素材より若干長い
コイル長とローラ素材外径より僅かに大きいコイル内径
とを有する銅製高周波コイル内にローラ軸素材を挿通固
定し、周波数１５０ｋＨｚ、コイル入力３０ｋＷの高周
波電力により通電して１〜２ｓｅｃ加熱した後、電力を
停止して、直ちにコイル間から注水して急冷した。In induction hardening, the roller shaft material is inserted and fixed in a copper high-frequency coil having a coil length slightly longer than the roller material and a coil inner diameter slightly larger than the roller material outer diameter, and a high frequency power of a frequency of 150 kHz and a coil input of 30 kW. After heating for 1 to 2 seconds by supplying electricity, the electric power was stopped, and water was immediately injected between the coils to rapidly cool.
【００３７】焼入れ後のローラ軸素材は、電気炉に装入
して１５０℃×６０ｍｉｎの加温により低温焼戻しを行
った。The roller shaft material after quenching was placed in an electric furnace and subjected to low temperature tempering by heating at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes.
【００３８】高周波焼なまし過程においては、図１
（Ａ）に示すように、３５０ｋＨｚ、出力１０ｋＷの高
周波発振機の出力端に接続された巻数１回の高周波コイ
ル（図１（Ｂ））の中央部下端部にローラ軸素材の端面
を近接させて固定し、１〜５ｓｅｃの加熱時間で高周波
誘導加熱し、２〜５ｓｅｃ放冷した後、注水して急冷し
た。高周波加熱条件は、高周波コイルとローラ軸端部と
の結合度、自励発振電力管の陽極電圧及び上記加熱時間
によって調整した。In the induction annealing process, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (A), the end face of the roller shaft material is brought close to the lower end of the central part of the high-frequency coil (FIG. 1 (B)) connected to the output end of a high-frequency oscillator with 350 kHz and an output of 10 kW. Was fixed by high frequency induction heating with a heating time of 1 to 5 sec, and after allowing to cool for 2 to 5 sec, water was poured to quench. The high-frequency heating conditions were adjusted by the degree of coupling between the high-frequency coil and the roller shaft end, the anode voltage of the self-excited oscillation power tube, and the heating time.
【００３９】高周波焼なまし後に表面の研磨した試料の
表面硬度の一例の測定結果を図３に示すが、焼入れ焼戻
し後の端部の表面硬さがＨｖ７００以上あったものが、
焼なましにより端面部でＨｖ３００〜４００に軟化して
おり、端部からの外周面硬度は、端部の外縁部で、硬度
勾配をもって軟化している。FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of an example of the surface hardness of the sample whose surface was polished after the induction annealing, and the surface hardness of the end portion after quenching and tempering was Hv 700 or more.
The end surface is softened to Hv 300 to 400 by annealing, and the outer peripheral surface hardness from the end is softened with a hardness gradient at the outer edge of the end.
【００４０】高周波焼なまし後の上記２試料につき、ロ
ーラ軸試料について、かしめ試験を行った。ローラ軸端
面の端面上、外縁部に円形を描くかしめ溝を形成するポ
ンチを圧入して、かしめ前後の端部における外径を測定
して外径比を求めると、ポンチに対するかしめ荷重３０
００ｋｇの下で、１．２０程度は容易に得られた。With respect to the above-mentioned two samples after the induction annealing, the caulking test was conducted on the roller shaft samples. On the end face of the roller shaft end face, a punch which forms a caulking groove that draws a circle in the outer edge portion is press-fitted, and the outer diameter at the end portions before and after the caulking is measured to obtain the outer diameter ratio.
Under 00 kg, about 1.20 was easily obtained.
【００４１】端面の硬度をＨｖ３００以下に軟化させる
には、焼なまし処理において、高周波加熱時間を延長す
るか、発振電力管の陽極電圧を上げて、コイル入力を増
加させて、端部の加熱温度をオーステナイト域まで上昇
させる。この場合、加熱終了後水冷開始までの放冷時間
が短いと、オーステナイト領域から急冷することになる
ので、端面ではマルテンサイト相又はベーナイト変態相
が現れ、かえって端部の硬度が上昇する。従って、加熱
温度がオーステナイト相が現れる程に十分に高い場合に
は、放冷時間を十分に確保してパーライト変態が終了し
て後に、水冷を行う必要がある。In order to soften the hardness of the end surface to Hv 300 or less, in the annealing treatment, the high frequency heating time is extended or the anode voltage of the oscillation power tube is increased to increase the coil input to heat the end portion. Raise the temperature to the austenite range. In this case, if the cooling time from the end of heating to the start of water cooling is short, the material is rapidly cooled from the austenite region, so that a martensite phase or a bainite transformation phase appears on the end surface, and the hardness of the end portion rises rather. Therefore, when the heating temperature is sufficiently high so that the austenite phase appears, it is necessary to secure the cooling time sufficiently and to perform the water cooling after the pearlite transformation is completed.
【００４２】ローラ軸試料の端面硬度をＨｖ２００〜３
００に調整したときは、上述のかしめ荷重２５００ｋｇ
においても、外径比１．２０が得られた。The end surface hardness of the roller shaft sample is set to Hv 200 to 3
When adjusted to 00, the above caulking load is 2500 kg
Also in, the outer diameter ratio of 1.20 was obtained.
【００４３】以上の熱処理により両端部が軟化されたロ
ーラ軸は、外周面を精密研磨した後、図６に示すよう
に、ロッカーアーム本体の先側のローラ保持部材７の間
にローラ８とニードル転動体８１，８１・・を配置し
て、ローラ保持部材７の軸孔７１に挿通され、その端面
１１にポンチによりかしめ溝１３１を打刻形成すること
により、ロッカーアームに組み立てる。The roller shaft whose both ends have been softened by the above heat treatment has its outer peripheral surface precision-polished, and then, as shown in FIG. .. are arranged, inserted into the shaft hole 71 of the roller holding member 7, and the caulking groove 131 is stamped on the end surface 11 of the roller holding member 7 by a punch to assemble the rocker arm.
【００４４】図４（Ａ）と（Ｂ）は、長尺軸素材を切断
することなく、外周部から焼なましをするための本発明
の装置の概要を示している。長尺の軸素材の棒鋼１０
は、外周部に連続して高周波焼入れ、焼戻しを行ったも
ので、外周面の表層部には、焼入れ硬化層１３が長手方
向に連続して形成されている。4 (A) and 4 (B) show the outline of the apparatus of the present invention for annealing from the outer peripheral portion without cutting the long shaft material. Long steel bar material 10
In the above, the outer peripheral portion is continuously subjected to induction hardening and tempering, and the quench hardened layer 13 is continuously formed in the longitudinal direction on the surface layer portion of the outer peripheral surface.
【００４５】このような長尺素材１０は、押出しロール
６に挟持されて、先側には高周波コイル３と、スプレー
用給水管４に挿通されて、押出しロール６により、一定
の長さごとに間歇的に送り出される。Such a long material 10 is sandwiched between extruding rolls 6 and is inserted through a high frequency coil 3 and a water supply pipe 4 for spraying on the front side, and by the extruding rolls 6 at regular intervals. It is sent out intermittently.
【００４６】コイル３により、軸素材１０は、外周面の
長手方向の狭い範囲の加熱部２２が加熱され、次いで給
水管４内に送られて、給水管内面に設けられたスプレー
孔により噴水されて、加熱部２２が冷却される。ロール
６による送り長さは、ローラ軸長さに端面の削り代を加
算した長さとし、加熱時間は高周波通電時間により、ま
た、水冷前の放冷時間は、通電停止後の給水管４への移
動時間によって制御される。The shaft material 10 is heated by the coil 3 in the heating portion 22 in a narrow area in the longitudinal direction of the outer peripheral surface, is then fed into the water supply pipe 4, and is sprayed with a spray hole provided on the inner surface of the water supply pipe. Then, the heating unit 22 is cooled. The feed length by the roll 6 is the length of the roller shaft plus the cutting allowance of the end face, the heating time depends on the high-frequency energizing time, and the cooling time before water cooling is to the water supply pipe 4 after the energization is stopped. Controlled by travel time.
【００４７】そこで、加熱部２２では、加熱されてマル
テンサイト相の硬化層１３が消失し、放冷により軟質部
となるが、高周波加熱されない外周部は、硬化層１３が
そのまま残されている。Therefore, in the heating part 22, the hardened layer 13 of the martensite phase disappears by heating and becomes a soft part by being left to cool, but the hardened layer 13 remains as it is in the outer peripheral part which is not subjected to high frequency heating.
【００４８】図５は、長尺軸素材１０の長手方向にわた
る表面硬度Ｉ、Ｊと内質部硬度Ｋを示したもので、焼な
まし過程での高周波加熱部位２２における軟質部Ｊの硬
度が、所望のＨｖ２００〜４００程度に軟化する。軟質
部Ｊで端面１１となるように所定長さに切断・面削し
て、所望のローラ軸を得る。FIG. 5 shows the surface hardnesses I and J and the hardness of the internal portion K of the long shaft material 10 in the longitudinal direction. The hardness of the soft portion J in the high frequency heating portion 22 during the annealing process is shown. , Soften to a desired Hv of about 200 to 400. A desired roller shaft is obtained by cutting and chamfering to a predetermined length so that the end face 11 is formed at the soft portion J.
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】本発明は、ローラ軸の外周面全面を高周
波焼入れしてのち、ローラ軸端部のみ高周波焼なましを
するので、ローラ軸の端部外周面と端面との軟化及びそ
の硬度調整が容易であり、端部硬度を従来より高めに調
整することにより、かしめ固定されたカムフォロアの長
期使用によっても、ローラ軸のゆるみ・がたつき発生の
危険性少なく、耐久性に優れたカムフォロアが製作可能
となる。According to the present invention, since the entire outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft is induction hardened, only the end portion of the roller shaft is induction-annealed. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface and the end surface of the roller shaft are softened and their hardness is increased. It is easy to adjust, and by adjusting the end hardness to a higher level than before, the cam follower has excellent durability with less risk of looseness or rattling of the roller shaft even after long-term use of the caulked and fixed cam follower. Can be manufactured.
【００５０】長尺の素材を焼入れした後に、切断・端面
形成して高周波焼なましを行う場合、また特に、切断す
ることなく、外周面に逐次高周波焼なましを行う場合に
は、連続操業が可能となり熱処理の効率・生産性を高
め、品質のバラツキを少なくすることができる。When a long material is quenched and then cut and end faces are formed and induction annealing is performed, and particularly when the peripheral surface is successively induction-annealed without cutting, continuous operation is performed. This makes it possible to improve the efficiency and productivity of heat treatment and reduce variations in quality.
【図１】ローラ軸素材と焼なまし用高周波コイルとの配
置関係を示す図（Ａ，Ｂ）。FIG. 1 is a diagram (A, B) showing a positional relationship between a roller shaft material and a high-frequency annealing coil.
【図２】ローラ軸断面の硬化層の高周波焼なましによる
変化を示す図（Ａ〜Ｆ）。FIG. 2 is a view (A to F) showing changes in a hardened layer of a roller shaft section due to induction annealing.
【図３】高周波焼なまし処理後のローラ軸外周面の硬度
分布を示す図。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hardness distribution on the outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft after the induction annealing treatment.
【図４】長尺の棒鋼・鋼線を連続的に高周波焼なましす
るための装置概要図（Ａ，Ｂ）。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (A, B) of an apparatus for continuously induction annealing a long steel bar / steel wire.
【図５】連続的に高周波数焼なましをした長尺棒鋼の外
周面硬度分布を示す図。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the hardness distribution of the outer peripheral surface of a long steel bar that has been continuously annealed at a high frequency.
【図６】オーバヘッドカム方式のロッカーアームの断面
図。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an overhead cam type rocker arm.
１ ローラ軸 １０ 長尺ローラ軸素材 １１ 端面 １２ 軟質部 １３ 焼入れ硬化層 １５ 内質部 ３ 高周波コイル 1 Roller Shaft 10 Long Roller Shaft Material 11 End Face 12 Soft Part 13 Quenching Hardened Layer 15 Inner Part 3 High Frequency Coil
Claims (6)
するローラ支持部材の間に支持されるローラをニードル
転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ支持部材の軸孔に両
端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸の製造方法において、 端面が形成された軸素材に高周波焼入れをして焼戻して
後、両端部にのみ高周波焼なましをすることを特徴とす
るローラ付カムフォロア用のローラ軸の製造方法。1. A roller supported between a pair of opposed roller support members of a cam follower body with rollers is supported by bearing a needle rolling element, and both ends thereof are caulked and fixed in a shaft hole of the roller support member. A method of manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller, characterized in that a shaft material having an end face is induction-hardened and then tempered, and then both ends are induction-annealed. ..
するローラ支持部材の間に支持されるローラをニードル
転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ支持部材の軸孔に両
端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸の製造方法において、 端面が形成された軸素材に高周波焼入れをして後、焼戻
しすることなく、両端部にのみの高周波焼なましを行
い、当該焼なましの際の徐冷による伝熱をもって中央部
外周面を焼戻すようにしたことを特徴とするローラ付カ
ムフォロア用のローラ軸の製造方法。2. A roller supported between a pair of opposing roller supporting members of a cam follower body with rollers is supported by bearing a needle rolling element, and both ends thereof are caulked and fixed in a shaft hole of the roller supporting member. In the roller shaft manufacturing method, the shaft material with the end face is induction-hardened, and then induction-annealed only on both ends without tempering, and by slow cooling during the annealing. A method for manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller, characterized in that the outer peripheral surface of the central portion is tempered by heat transfer.
するローラ支持部材の間に支持されるローラをニードル
転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ支持部材の軸孔に両
端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸の製造方法において、 軸素材に高周波焼入れをして焼戻した後、所望長さに切
断して端面を形成した軸素材の両端部にのみ高周波焼な
ましをすることを特徴とするローラ付カムフォロア用の
ローラ軸の製造方法。3. A roller supported between a pair of opposing roller support members of a cam follower body with rollers is supported by bearing a needle rolling element, and both ends thereof are caulked and fixed to a shaft hole of the roller support member. In the method of manufacturing a roller shaft according to claim 1, the shaft material is induction-hardened, tempered, and then cut to a desired length, and only the both ends of the shaft material having the end faces are induction-annealed. For manufacturing a roller shaft for an attached cam follower.
するローラ支持部材の間に支持されるローラをニードル
転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ支持部材の軸孔に両
端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸の製造方法において、 軸素材に高周波焼入れをして後、所望長さに切断して端
面を形成した軸素材の両端部にのみ高周波焼なましを
し、当該焼なましの際の除冷による伝熱をもって中央部
外周面を焼戻すようにしたことを特徴とするローラ付カ
ムフォロア用のローラ軸の製造方法。4. A roller supported between a pair of opposing roller supporting members of a cam follower body with rollers is supported by interposing a needle rolling element, and both ends thereof are caulked and fixed to a shaft hole of the roller supporting member. In the method of manufacturing a roller shaft, the shaft material is induction-hardened, then cut to a desired length and induction-annealed only on both ends of the shaft material where the end faces are formed. A method for manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller, characterized in that the outer peripheral surface of the central portion is tempered by heat transfer by cooling.
するローラ支持部材の間に支持されるローラをニードル
転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ支持部材の軸孔に両
端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸の製造方法において、 軸素材に高周波焼入れをして焼戻しをして後、端面位置
に相当する外周面近傍のみ同時にもしくは順次に高周波
焼なましをし、次いで当該焼なまし位置で切断して端面
を形成することを特徴とするローラ付カムフォロア用の
ローラ軸の製造方法。5. A roller supported between a pair of opposing roller support members of a cam follower body with rollers is supported by bearing a needle rolling element, and both ends thereof are caulked and fixed to a shaft hole of the roller support member. In the method of manufacturing a roller shaft, the shaft material is induction hardened and tempered, then only the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface corresponding to the end face position is simultaneously or sequentially induction-annealed, and then cut at the annealing position. A method of manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller, characterized in that the end face is formed by forming the end face.
するローラ支持部材の間に支持されるローラをニードル
転動体を介装して軸承して、ローラ支持部材の軸孔に両
端部がかしめ固定されるローラ軸の製造方法において、 軸素材に高周波焼入れをして後、端面位置に相当する外
周面近傍にのみ同時にもしくは順次高周波焼なましをし
て、当該焼なましの除冷による伝熱をもって両端面位置
からの中央部外周面を焼戻すようにし、次いで当該焼な
まし位置で切断して端面を形成することを特徴とするロ
ーラ付カムフォロア用のローラ軸の製造方法。6. A roller supported between a pair of opposing roller supporting members of a cam follower body with rollers is supported by interposing a needle rolling element, and both ends thereof are caulked and fixed to a shaft hole of the roller supporting member. In the method of manufacturing the roller shaft, after induction hardening of the shaft material, induction annealing is performed simultaneously or sequentially only in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface corresponding to the end face position, and heat transfer by cooling of the annealing is performed. A method for manufacturing a roller shaft for a cam follower with a roller, characterized in that the outer peripheral surfaces of the central portion from both end surface positions are tempered, and then the end surfaces are formed by cutting at the annealing positions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35984591A JPH05179350A (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Production of roller shaft for cam follower with roller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35984591A JPH05179350A (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Production of roller shaft for cam follower with roller |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05179350A true JPH05179350A (en) | 1993-07-20 |
Family
ID=18466594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35984591A Pending JPH05179350A (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Production of roller shaft for cam follower with roller |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05179350A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6598571B1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-29 | Ntn Corporation | Cam follower with roller |
| JP2006250294A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-21 | Ntn Corp | Rolling bearing |
| US7334943B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2008-02-26 | Ntn Corporation | Differential support structure, differential's component, method of manufacturing differential support structure, and method of manufacturing differential's component |
| US7438477B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2008-10-21 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing part, heat treatment method thereof, and rolling bearing |
| US7490583B2 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2009-02-17 | Ntn Corporation | Full-type rolling bearing and roller cam follower for engine |
| JP2009144206A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-07-02 | Ntn Corp | Rolling shaft |
| US7594762B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2009-09-29 | Ntn Corporation | Thrust needle roller bearing, support structure receiving thrust load of compressor for car air-conditioner, support structure receiving thrust load of automatic transmission, support structure for continuously variable transmission, and support structure receivin |
| US7614374B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2009-11-10 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling bearing for rocker arm |
| US7682087B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2010-03-23 | Ntn Corporation | Transmission component, method of manufacturing the same, and tapered roller bearing |
| US7744283B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2010-06-29 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing for alternator and bearing for pulley |
| CN106319187A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 常州宝隆冶金设备制造有限公司 | Knurling roll quenching method |
-
1991
- 1991-12-27 JP JP35984591A patent/JPH05179350A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7438477B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2008-10-21 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing part, heat treatment method thereof, and rolling bearing |
| US6598571B1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-29 | Ntn Corporation | Cam follower with roller |
| US7490583B2 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2009-02-17 | Ntn Corporation | Full-type rolling bearing and roller cam follower for engine |
| US7682087B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2010-03-23 | Ntn Corporation | Transmission component, method of manufacturing the same, and tapered roller bearing |
| US7334943B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2008-02-26 | Ntn Corporation | Differential support structure, differential's component, method of manufacturing differential support structure, and method of manufacturing differential's component |
| US7744283B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2010-06-29 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing for alternator and bearing for pulley |
| US8333516B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2012-12-18 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing for alternator and bearing for pulley |
| US7594762B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2009-09-29 | Ntn Corporation | Thrust needle roller bearing, support structure receiving thrust load of compressor for car air-conditioner, support structure receiving thrust load of automatic transmission, support structure for continuously variable transmission, and support structure receivin |
| US7614374B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2009-11-10 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling bearing for rocker arm |
| EP2159437A2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2010-03-03 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling bearing for rocker arm |
| EP2345822A2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2011-07-20 | NTN Corporation | Rolling bearing for rocker arm |
| JP2006250294A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-21 | Ntn Corp | Rolling bearing |
| JP4566036B2 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2010-10-20 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Rolling bearing |
| JP2009144206A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-07-02 | Ntn Corp | Rolling shaft |
| CN106319187A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 常州宝隆冶金设备制造有限公司 | Knurling roll quenching method |
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