JPH05173138A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05173138A JPH05173138A JP3338807A JP33880791A JPH05173138A JP H05173138 A JPH05173138 A JP H05173138A JP 3338807 A JP3338807 A JP 3338807A JP 33880791 A JP33880791 A JP 33880791A JP H05173138 A JPH05173138 A JP H05173138A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- alignment
- display device
- alignment film
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は液晶表示装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】液晶表示装置は、一対の対向する透明な
基板の間に液晶を挿入した液晶パネルからなる。一方の
ガラス基板の内面には共通電極及び配向膜が設けられ、
他方の基板の内面には画素電極及び配向膜が設けられ
る。最近では、後者の基板に画素電極とともにアクティ
ブマトリクス回路を形成することが多くなっている。さ
らに、これらの基板の外側にはそれぞれ偏光板が設けら
れる。通常、これらの偏光板は偏光の透過軸が互いに直
交するように配置される。以下、このノーマリホワイト
モードを例にとって説明するが、ノーマリブラックモー
ド（偏光板平行）においても、技術的に同様のものにつ
いては適用されることは言うまでもない。2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystal is inserted between a pair of transparent substrates facing each other. A common electrode and an alignment film are provided on the inner surface of one of the glass substrates,
A pixel electrode and an alignment film are provided on the inner surface of the other substrate. Recently, an active matrix circuit is often formed on the latter substrate together with pixel electrodes. Further, a polarizing plate is provided on the outside of each of these substrates. Usually, these polarizing plates are arranged such that the transmission axes of polarized light are orthogonal to each other. Hereinafter, the normally white mode will be described as an example, but it goes without saying that technically similar ones are also applied to the normally black mode (parallel to the polarizing plate).
【０００３】液晶表示パネルではツイストネマチック型
の液晶がよく使用される。液晶分子は両基板の配向膜に
従ってプレチルト及びツイストする。すなわち、液晶の
分子の長軸方向が基板の配向膜の配向方向と平行に延
び、両基板の配向膜の配向方向は相互にほぼ垂直になっ
ているので、一方の基板から他方の基板に向かうにつれ
て螺旋状にツイストしていく。また、液晶の分子は配向
方向に従ってプレチルトすることが知られている。Twisted nematic liquid crystals are often used in liquid crystal display panels. The liquid crystal molecules are pre-tilted and twisted according to the alignment films on both substrates. That is, since the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules extends parallel to the alignment direction of the alignment film on the substrate and the alignment directions of the alignment films on both substrates are substantially perpendicular to each other, one substrate goes to the other substrate. As it twists in a spiral. Further, it is known that liquid crystal molecules are pretilt according to the alignment direction.
【０００４】液晶の配向は、配向膜にそれぞれ所定の方
向にラビングを行うことにより達成され、ラビングの方
向が液晶の配向方向と一致する。また、液晶の配向は、
例えば配向膜を斜め蒸着により形成することでも支配で
きる。液晶に電圧を印加しないときに、液晶の分子は初
期のツイスト及びプレチルトを維持した状態にあり、入
射光は液晶のツイストに沿って旋回しながら進み、液晶
セルから出射する。このときに、ノーマリホワイトモー
ドでは白表示が得られる。電圧を印加すると、液晶が立
ち上がり、液晶の複屈折作用が弱くなり、上記した光の
旋回作用が弱くなって、入射光が液晶セルを透過しにく
くなり、黒表示が得られるようになる。このようにし
て、液晶への印加電圧を制御しながら、全体で明暗のコ
ントラストのある画像を形成する。The alignment of the liquid crystal is achieved by rubbing the alignment film in a predetermined direction, and the rubbing direction coincides with the alignment direction of the liquid crystal. In addition, the liquid crystal orientation is
For example, it can be controlled by forming the alignment film by oblique vapor deposition. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, the molecules of the liquid crystal maintain the initial twist and pretilt, and the incident light travels while swirling along the twist of the liquid crystal and exits from the liquid crystal cell. At this time, white display is obtained in the normally white mode. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal rises, the birefringence action of the liquid crystal is weakened, the above-described light swirling action is weakened, and it becomes difficult for incident light to pass through the liquid crystal cell, resulting in black display. In this way, while controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal, an image with bright and dark contrast is formed as a whole.
【０００５】液晶に電圧を印加したときには、液晶の分
子はプレチルトを有する方向へ立ち上がる。実際には、
電圧を印加したときに全ての液晶の分子が同様に立ち上
がるのではなく、基板の配向膜の近くに位置する液晶の
分子は配向膜に規制されてわずかしか立ち上がらず、両
基板の中間部に位置する液晶の分子が最も大きく立ち上
がる。従って、電圧印加時に黒表示を形成するのは、主
として両基板の中間部に位置する液晶の分子の挙動によ
る。When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, the molecules of the liquid crystal rise in a direction having a pretilt. actually,
Not all liquid crystal molecules rise in the same way when a voltage is applied, but the liquid crystal molecules located near the alignment film of the substrate are regulated by the alignment film and rise only slightly, and are located in the middle of both substrates. The molecules of the liquid crystal to be activated rise most. Therefore, the formation of black display when a voltage is applied is mainly due to the behavior of the molecules of the liquid crystal located in the intermediate portion of both substrates.
【０００６】液晶の分子は長い棒状の形状をしており、
屈折率の異方性を有するため、光の入射する方向により
複屈折の効果が異なる。電圧を印加したときに液晶の分
子は基板の表面に垂直になるまで立ち上がるわけではな
く、基板の表面に対してある程度の角度まで立ち上が
る。従って、電圧印加により液晶の分子が基板の表面に
対してある角度まで立ち上がったとき、観視者は、画面
を見る方向により、液晶の分子の長軸方向との位置関係
が異なり、光の透過率の差が発生して得られる黒表示の
程度が異なる。このため、観視者の位置によっては、画
像の明暗のコントラストが低下する。これは、液晶表示
装置の視角特性として一般に認識されている。The liquid crystal molecules have a long rod-like shape,
Due to the anisotropy of the refractive index, the effect of birefringence differs depending on the light incident direction. When a voltage is applied, the molecules of the liquid crystal do not rise until they become vertical to the surface of the substrate, but rise up to a certain angle with respect to the surface of the substrate. Therefore, when the molecules of the liquid crystal rise up to a certain angle with respect to the surface of the substrate by applying a voltage, the viewer has a different positional relationship with the long axis direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal depending on the direction in which the screen is viewed, and the light transmission The degree of black display obtained due to the difference in the rate differs. For this reason, the contrast of light and dark of the image is lowered depending on the position of the viewer. This is generally recognized as a viewing angle characteristic of a liquid crystal display device.
【０００７】このような問題点を解決するために、特開
昭５４─５７５４号公報は、液晶の微小な単位領域の各
々に液晶の分子のツイスト方向が異なる２つの液晶配向
区分を形成することを提案している。また、特開昭６３
─１０６６２４号公報は、１画素内で液晶の分子の配向
方向の異なる２つの液晶配向区分を形成することを提案
している。これらの提案によれば、ある視角特性の液晶
配向区分と別の異なる視角特性の液晶配向区分とを混合
することにより、全体としての視覚特性の向上を図るこ
とができる。In order to solve such a problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-5754 discloses that two liquid crystal alignment sections having different twist directions of liquid crystal molecules are formed in each of the minute unit areas of the liquid crystal. Is proposed. In addition, JP-A-63
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 106624 proposes to form two liquid crystal alignment sections having different alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules in one pixel. According to these proposals, the visual characteristics as a whole can be improved by mixing the liquid crystal alignment section having a certain viewing angle characteristic with another liquid crystal alignment section having a different viewing angle characteristic.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記したように液晶の
微小な単位領域の各々に２つの液晶配向区分を形成した
場合、これらの２つの液晶配向区分の境界部では液晶の
分子が一様に並んでいないので液晶の分子の配向が安定
しないという問題点があった。また、上記したように液
晶の微小な単位領域の各々に２つの液晶配向区分を形成
した場合、これらの２つの液晶配向区分の境界部では一
般に、ディスクリネーションが生じるという問題点があ
った。図１１は液晶パネルＰに２つの液晶配向区分Ａ、
Ｂを繰り返しのパターンで形成した場合に液晶配向区分
Ａ、Ｂの境界部にディスクリネーションＤが生じたとこ
ろを示している。このディスクリネーションＤは、ＴＮ
液晶におけるノーマリホワイトモードでは明るい縞状に
見える。このようなディスクリネーションＤは明暗のコ
ントラストを低下させるので望ましくない。As described above, when two liquid crystal alignment sections are formed in each of the minute unit regions of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules are uniformly distributed at the boundary between these two liquid crystal alignment sections. Since they are not arranged side by side, there is a problem that the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is not stable. Further, when two liquid crystal alignment sections are formed in each of the minute unit areas of the liquid crystal as described above, there is a problem that disclination generally occurs at the boundary between these two liquid crystal alignment sections. FIG. 11 shows a liquid crystal panel P having two liquid crystal alignment sections A,
It shows that disclination D occurs at the boundary between liquid crystal alignment sections A and B when B is formed in a repeating pattern. This disclination D is TN
In the normally white mode of liquid crystal, it looks like bright stripes. Such disclination D lowers the contrast of light and dark and is not desirable.
【０００９】本発明の目的は、液晶の微小な単位領域の
各々に形成された２つの液晶配向区分を有した液晶表示
装置において、液晶の分子の配向性を向上し、また２つ
の液晶配向区分の境界部に生じるディスクリネーション
の問題を解消できるようにした液晶表示装置を提供する
ことである。An object of the present invention is to improve the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal display device having two liquid crystal alignment sections formed in each of the minute unit areas of the liquid crystal, and to provide two liquid crystal alignment sections. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of solving the problem of disclination which occurs at the boundary of the liquid crystal display device.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による液晶表示装
置は、第１及び第２の対向する基板１６、１８と、該第
１の基板の内面に設けたられた第１の電極２１及び第１
の配向膜２２と、該第２の基板の内面に設けられた第２
の電極２４及び第２の配向膜２６と、該第１及び第２の
基板の間に挿入された液晶２０と、からなる液晶表示装
置であって、該液晶が、液晶分子が該第１の配向膜２２
及び該第２の配向膜２６の配向処理に従ってプレチルト
及びツイストする液晶からなり、該第１の配向膜２２及
び該第２の配向膜２６が、相互にほぼ垂直な配向方向を
有し、且つ複数の微小な単位領域の各々に形成された第
１及び第２の液晶配向区分Ａ、Ｂを有し、よって該第１
の液晶配向区分における液晶の分子と該第２の液晶配向
区分における液晶の分子が平行な方向に長軸方向を有し
且つ逆方向にプレチルトするように配向処理され、か
つ、図１に示されるように、該微小な単位領域の第１及
び第２の液晶配向区分Ａ、Ｂが、該第１の配向膜と該第
２の配向膜２２、２６の中間部に位置する液晶の分子の
長軸方向と平行な方向に長くストライプ状に設けられる
ことを特徴とするものである。A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises first and second opposed substrates 16 and 18, a first electrode 21 and a first electrode 21 provided on an inner surface of the first substrate. 1
Alignment film 22 and the second alignment film 22 provided on the inner surface of the second substrate.
A liquid crystal display device comprising an electrode 24 and a second alignment film 26, and a liquid crystal 20 inserted between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal has liquid crystal molecules of the first Alignment film 22
And a liquid crystal that pretilts and twists according to the alignment treatment of the second alignment film 26, and the first alignment film 22 and the second alignment film 26 have alignment directions substantially perpendicular to each other, and Of the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections A and B formed in each of the minute unit areas of
1, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal alignment section and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal alignment section are aligned so that they have a major axis in a parallel direction and pretilt in the opposite direction, and are shown in FIG. As described above, the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections A and B of the minute unit region have the length of the liquid crystal molecule located in the middle of the first alignment film and the second alignment films 22 and 26. It is characterized in that it is provided in long stripes in a direction parallel to the axial direction.
【００１１】本発明の別の特徴による液晶表示装置は、
液晶の微小な単位領域の各々に形成された２つの液晶配
向区分Ａ、Ｂを有した液晶表示装置において、第１及び
第２の対向する基板１６、１８の少なくとも一方に、該
微小な単位領域の第１及び第２の液晶配向区分の境界に
沿って延びる遮光膜４０が設けられることを特徴とする
ものである。本発明の別の特徴による液晶表示装置は、
液晶の微小な単位領域の各々に形成された２つの液晶配
向区分Ａ、Ｂを有した液晶表示装置において、第１の基
板及び第２の基板にそれぞれ設けられた第１の配向膜及
び第２の配向膜２２、２６が、該微小な単位領域の第１
及び第２の液晶配向区分Ａ、Ｂの境界部に該第１及び第
２の液晶配向区分の配向状態とは異なる配向状態を表す
第３の液晶配向区分Ｃを有するように配向処理されてい
ることを特徴とするものである。A liquid crystal display device according to another feature of the present invention is
In a liquid crystal display device having two liquid crystal alignment sections A and B formed in each of the minute unit areas of liquid crystal, the minute unit areas are provided on at least one of the first and second opposing substrates 16 and 18. The light-shielding film 40 extending along the boundary between the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections is provided. A liquid crystal display device according to another feature of the present invention is
In a liquid crystal display device having two liquid crystal alignment sections A and B formed in each of minute unit regions of liquid crystal, a first alignment film and a second alignment film provided on a first substrate and a second substrate, respectively. Of the alignment films 22 and 26 of the first unit area of the minute unit area.
And a second liquid crystal alignment section A, B is subjected to an alignment treatment so as to have a third liquid crystal alignment section C representing an alignment state different from the alignment states of the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections. It is characterized by that.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】上記した最初の構成においては、微小な単位領
域毎に第１及び第２の液晶配向区分を設けることによっ
て、明暗のコントラストが向上し、さらに、該第１の配
向膜と該第２の配向膜の中間部に位置する液晶の分子の
長軸が相互に平行な方向に長く延びており、両区分の境
界部の変形がツイスト変形により維持されているため、
液晶の分子がより良く配向するようになる。（通常のネ
マチック液晶においてはツイスト変形に係わる弾性係数
が小さいため）。In the first structure described above, the contrast of light and dark is improved by providing the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections for each minute unit region, and further, the first alignment film and the second alignment film are provided. Since the long axes of the molecules of the liquid crystal located in the middle part of the alignment film extend in a direction parallel to each other, the deformation of the boundary between both sections is maintained by twist deformation,
The liquid crystal molecules are better aligned. (In a normal nematic liquid crystal, the elastic coefficient associated with twist deformation is small).
【００１３】次に、微小な単位領域の第１及び第２の液
晶配向区分の境界に沿って延びる遮光膜は、図１１に示
したようなディスクリネーションの部分を覆い、ディス
クリネーションによる明暗のコントラストの低下を解消
する。なお、遮光膜は約５μｍ〜１０μｍ程度の幅があ
れば十分であり、遮光膜が画素を横切って設けられてい
る場合でも観視者にはその存在は認識されず、明瞭な画
像が得られる。さらに、配向区分の境界においては、デ
ィスクリネーションとは別の配向乱れを生じ易く、それ
が原因となるコントラスト、表示品質の低下を防止する
ことも可能となる。Next, the light-shielding film extending along the boundary between the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections of the minute unit area covers the disclination portion as shown in FIG. Eliminates the decrease in contrast. It is sufficient if the light-shielding film has a width of about 5 μm to 10 μm, and even if the light-shielding film is provided across the pixels, the presence thereof is not recognized by the viewer and a clear image is obtained. .. Furthermore, at the boundary of the alignment section, alignment disturbance different from that of disclination is likely to occur, and it is possible to prevent the deterioration of contrast and display quality caused by the disturbance.
【００１４】次に、微小な単位領域の第１及び第２の液
晶配向区分の境界部に該第１及び第２の液晶配向区分の
配向状態とは異なる配向状態を表す第３の液晶配向区分
を設けると、遮光膜を設けることなくディスクリネーシ
ョンによる特性低下を解消することができる。Next, a third liquid crystal alignment section showing an alignment state different from the alignment states of the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections at the boundary of the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections of the minute unit area. By providing, it is possible to eliminate the characteristic deterioration due to disclination without providing a light-shielding film.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】図３から図１０は本発明の前提となる第１及
び第２の液晶配向区分について説明するものである。図
３は、本発明の実施例の液晶表示装置の液晶パネル１０
と、偏光板１２、１４とを示す図である。液晶パネル１
０は、一対の透明なガラス基板１６、１８の間に液晶２
０を封入したものである。図示しない光源からの光は矢
印Ｌの方から液晶パネル１０に入射し、観視者Ｅは入射
方向とは逆の方向から液晶パネル１０を見るものとし、
以後の説明においては、光の入射側の基板１６を下基板
と呼び、観視者側の基板１８を上基板と呼ぶことにす
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 3 to 10 illustrate first and second liquid crystal alignment sections which are the premise of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a liquid crystal panel 10 of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
It is a figure which shows and polarizing plates 12 and 14. LCD panel 1
0 is the liquid crystal 2 between the pair of transparent glass substrates 16 and 18.
0 is enclosed. Light from a light source (not shown) enters the liquid crystal panel 10 from the direction of the arrow L, and the viewer E views the liquid crystal panel 10 from the direction opposite to the incident direction.
In the following description, the substrate 16 on the light incident side will be referred to as the lower substrate, and the substrate 18 on the viewer side will be referred to as the upper substrate.
【００１６】下基板１６の内面にはＩＴＯの共通電極２
１及び配向膜２２が設けられ、上基板１８の内面には画
素電極２４及び配向膜２６が設けられる。さらに、図３
には、上基板１８と画素電極２４との間に絶縁層を介し
て設けられた蓄積容量電極２８が示されている。図１０
は、上基板１８に設けられた画素電極２４及びアクティ
ブマトリクス回路の配置を示している。アクティブマト
リクス回路は縦、横にマトリクス状に延びるデータバス
ライン３０及びゲートバスライン３２を含み、画素電極
２４は薄膜トランジスタ（ＴＦＴ）３４を介してデータ
バスライン３０及びゲートバスライン３２に接続され
る。図１０の右下には、蓄積容量電極２８が液晶２０に
対して並列に設けられる等価回路が示される。A common electrode 2 of ITO is formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate 16.
1 and the alignment film 22 are provided, and the pixel electrode 24 and the alignment film 26 are provided on the inner surface of the upper substrate 18. Furthermore, FIG.
In the figure, a storage capacitor electrode 28 provided between the upper substrate 18 and the pixel electrode 24 via an insulating layer is shown. Figure 10
Shows the arrangement of the pixel electrodes 24 and the active matrix circuit provided on the upper substrate 18. The active matrix circuit includes a data bus line 30 and a gate bus line 32 extending vertically and horizontally in a matrix, and the pixel electrode 24 is connected to the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32 via a thin film transistor (TFT) 34. In the lower right part of FIG. 10, an equivalent circuit in which the storage capacitor electrode 28 is provided in parallel with the liquid crystal 20 is shown.
【００１７】図３及び図４を参照すると、液晶２０はツ
イストネマチック型の液晶からなる。ツイストネマチッ
ク型の液晶２０は、下基板１６の配向膜（下配向膜）２
２の配向方向２２ａ及び上基板の配向膜（上配向膜）２
６の配向方向２６ａに従ってツイスト及びプレチルトす
る。図４に示されるように、下配向膜２２の配向方向２
２ａ及び上配向膜２６の配向方向２６ａはガラス平面に
平行な成分が相互に垂直な方向に設けられる。下配向膜
２２の配向方向２２ａ及び上配向膜２６の配向方向２６
ａは、配向処理がラビングによるときには繊維等のラビ
ング材を図４の矢印で示した配向方向２２ａ、２６ａに
移動させることによって実現される。同様に、そのよう
な配向方向をもった配向膜を斜め蒸着により形成するこ
とができる。Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the liquid crystal 20 is a twisted nematic liquid crystal. The twisted nematic liquid crystal 20 has an alignment film (lower alignment film) 2 on the lower substrate 16.
2 alignment direction 22a and the alignment film (upper alignment film) 2 on the upper substrate
Twist and pretilt according to the alignment direction 26a of No. 6. As shown in FIG. 4, the alignment direction 2 of the lower alignment film 22
2a and the alignment direction 26a of the upper alignment film 26 are provided such that components parallel to the glass plane are perpendicular to each other. Alignment direction 22a of lower alignment film 22 and alignment direction 26 of upper alignment film 26
When the orientation treatment is rubbing, a is realized by moving a rubbing material such as fibers in the orientation directions 22a and 26a shown by the arrows in FIG. Similarly, an alignment film having such an alignment direction can be formed by oblique vapor deposition.
【００１８】図４は微小な領域の液晶２０の分子が矢印
Ｔで示されるように左回りにツイストしている例を示し
ている。ここで、２０Ｌは下配向膜２２の近くに位置す
る液晶の分子を示し、２０Ｃは下配向膜２２と上配向膜
２６の間の中間部（液晶層の中央）に位置する液晶の分
子を示し、２０Ｕは上配向膜２６の近くに位置する液晶
の分子を示している。FIG. 4 shows an example in which the molecules of the liquid crystal 20 in a minute region are twisted counterclockwise as indicated by the arrow T. Here, 20L indicates a liquid crystal molecule located near the lower alignment film 22, and 20C indicates a liquid crystal molecule located in an intermediate portion (center of the liquid crystal layer) between the lower alignment film 22 and the upper alignment film 26. , 20U indicate liquid crystal molecules located near the upper alignment film 26.
【００１９】図５の（Ａ）は、これらの液晶２０の分子
２０Ｌ、２０Ｃ、２０Ｕを取り出して示した図である。
図５の（Ａ）の左側半分はこれらの液晶２０の分子２０
Ｌ、２０Ｃ、２０Ｕをパネル上面から見た平面図であ
り、右側半分はこれらの液晶２０の分子２０Ｌ、２０
Ｃ、２０Ｕを上下の配向膜２２、２６とともに見た断面
図である。なお、この断面図は、左側の図の矢印の方向
から見たものである。FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the molecules 20L, 20C and 20U of the liquid crystal 20 taken out and shown.
The left half of FIG. 5A is a molecule 20 of these liquid crystals 20.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of L, 20C, and 20U as seen from the top surface of the panel, and the right half is the molecules 20L and 20 of these liquid crystals 20.
It is sectional drawing which looked at C and 20U with the upper and lower alignment films 22 and 26. In addition, this cross-sectional view is seen from the direction of the arrow in the diagram on the left side.
【００２０】図５の（Ａ）を参照すると、液晶２０の下
分子２０Ｌの長軸は、平面図で右下から左上へ４５度の
方向へ向き、断面図で左端部が下配向膜２２に対して上
がるプレチルトを示している。液晶２０の中間分子２０
Ｃの長軸は、平面図で下から上へ垂直に向き、断面図で
左端部が上がるプレチルトを示している。液晶２０の上
分子２０Ｕの長軸は、平面図で左下から右上へ４５度の
方向へ向き、断面図で右端部が上配向膜２６に対して上
がるプレチルトを示している。Referring to FIG. 5A, the long axis of the lower molecule 20L of the liquid crystal 20 is oriented in the direction of 45 degrees from the lower right to the upper left in the plan view, and the left end portion in the sectional view is the lower alignment film 22. It shows a pretilt that goes up. Intermediate molecule 20 of liquid crystal 20
The major axis of C is oriented vertically from bottom to top in the plan view and shows the pretilt with the left end rising in the cross sectional view. The long axis of the upper molecule 20U of the liquid crystal 20 is oriented in the direction of 45 degrees from the lower left to the upper right in the plan view, and in the cross-sectional view, the right end portion shows a pretilt that rises with respect to the upper alignment film 26.
【００２１】図５の（Ｂ）は、図５の（Ａ）の配向状態
を得る配向膜２２、２６の配向方向（ラビング方向）２
２ａ、２６ａの組合せを示し、実線の矢印が下基板１６
の配向膜２２の配向方向２２ａを示し、破線の矢印が上
基板１８の配向膜２６の配向方向２６ａを示している。
両配向方向２２ａ、２６ａが決まれば、それらの間の液
晶の分子の配向は決まってしまうので、図５の（Ｂ）の
表示は図５の（Ａ）の配向状態を示したものである。以
後、図５の（Ｂ）に示された特徴をもつ液晶パネル１０
の微小部分を液晶配向区分Ａと呼ぶ。FIG. 5B shows the alignment direction (rubbing direction) 2 of the alignment films 22 and 26 that obtain the alignment state of FIG. 5A.
2a and 26a are shown in combination, and solid arrows indicate the lower substrate 16
The alignment direction 22a of the alignment film 22 is shown, and the broken line arrow shows the alignment direction 26a of the alignment film 26 of the upper substrate 18.
If both orientation directions 22a and 26a are determined, the orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal between them is also determined. Therefore, the display of FIG. 5B shows the orientation state of FIG. 5A. Thereafter, the liquid crystal panel 10 having the characteristics shown in FIG.
The minute portion of is referred to as a liquid crystal alignment section A.
【００２２】ここで、下配向膜２２と上配向膜２６の間
の中間部に位置する液晶の中間分子２０Ｃに注目する
と、液晶の中間分子２０Ｃは電圧を印加しないときには
上下の液晶の分子が２０Ｕ、２０Ｌと同じようにほぼ水
平に配向しているが、電圧を印加すると破線で示される
ようにある程度の傾斜角度まで立ち上がる。Here, paying attention to the intermediate molecules 20C of the liquid crystal located in the intermediate portion between the lower alignment film 22 and the upper alignment film 26, the intermediate molecules 20C of the liquid crystal have 20U of the upper and lower liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied. , 20L, it is oriented almost horizontally, but when a voltage is applied, it rises up to a certain inclination angle as shown by the broken line.
【００２３】図５の（Ｃ）に示されるように、矢印ＥC
は液晶パネルを法線方向から見る場合を示し、矢印
ＥL 、ＥU はそれぞれ下方及び上方から見る場合を示し
ている。液晶パネルを矢印ＥU の方から見ると、液晶の
中間分子２０Ｃの複屈折の大きさは比較的小さくなり、
濃い黒表示を見ることになる。逆に、これを矢印ＥL の
方から見ると、液晶の中間分子２０Ｃの複屈折の大きさ
は比較的大きな値を示し、この場合の光の透過量は多い
ので、より明るい黒表示を見ることになる。このよう
に、液晶配向区分Ａの場合には、上方から見る画像は暗
く、下方から見る画像は明るくなる。As shown in FIG. 5C, arrow E C
Shows a view the liquid crystal panel from the normal direction, an arrow E L, E U shows a case where each viewed from below and above. Looking at the liquid crystal panel from the direction of arrow E U, the magnitude of the birefringence of the liquid crystal of the intermediate molecules 20C is relatively small,
You will see a dark black display. On the contrary, when this is seen from the arrow E L , the birefringence of the intermediate molecule 20C of the liquid crystal shows a relatively large value, and the amount of light transmission in this case is large, so a brighter black display is seen. It will be. Thus, in the liquid crystal alignment section A, the image viewed from above is dark and the image viewed from below is bright.
【００２４】液晶配向区分Ａの視角特性が、図７の一点
鎖線Ｃ及び破線Ｌ、Ｕで示されている。図７の一点鎖線
Ｃは真正面から見た場合の電圧─透過率曲線である。破
線Ｕ、Ｌは角度４０度の上方及び下方から見た場合の電
圧─透過率曲線である。破線Ｌの場合には、電圧を高く
しても透過率の低下が少ないので、黒い表示を得ようと
しても、比較的に明るい表示になってしまう。破線Ｕの
場合には、電圧をわずかにかけると透過率が大幅に低下
し、すぐに黒になってしまい、白と黒の間の中間色を得
るのに不都合である。The viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment section A are shown by the alternate long and short dash line C and broken lines L and U in FIG. The alternate long and short dash line C in FIG. 7 is a voltage-transmittance curve when viewed from the front. Dashed lines U and L are voltage-transmittance curves when viewed from above and below at an angle of 40 degrees. In the case of the broken line L, since the decrease in the transmittance is small even if the voltage is increased, even if an attempt is made to obtain a black display, the display becomes relatively bright. In the case of the broken line U, when a slight voltage is applied, the transmissivity is significantly lowered and immediately becomes black, which is inconvenient for obtaining an intermediate color between white and black.
【００２５】そこで、破線Ｌと破線Ｕの特性を加えて２
で割る特性を示したのが実線Ｉである。実線Ｉの特性
は、一点鎖線Ｃの特性に近くなり、視角特性が改善され
る。このため、図６に示されるように、液晶配向区分Ａ
と相補的な特徴をもつ液晶配向区分Ｂを設け、液晶配向
区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂを合わせて１単位とする。液晶
配向区分Ｂの配向膜２２、２６の配向方向２２ａ、２６
ａは相互に垂直であるとともに、液晶配向区分Ａの配向
膜２２、２６の配向方向２２ａ、２６ａに対してそれぞ
れ逆になっている。従って、液晶配向区分Ｂの中間分子
２０Ｃは、電圧印加時の立ち上がり方が配向区分Ａの場
合と逆になる。従って、液晶配向区分Ｂの視角特性は、
液晶配向区分Ａとは逆に、上方から見たときに明るいも
のとなり、下方から見たときに暗いものとなる。Therefore, by adding the characteristics of the broken line L and the broken line U to 2
The solid line I shows the characteristic divided by. The characteristic of the solid line I is close to the characteristic of the one-dot chain line C, and the viewing angle characteristic is improved. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
A liquid crystal alignment section B having a characteristic complementary to is provided, and the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are combined into one unit. Alignment directions 22a and 26 of the alignment films 22 and 26 of the liquid crystal alignment section B
a is perpendicular to each other and is opposite to the alignment directions 22a and 26a of the alignment films 22 and 26 of the liquid crystal alignment section A, respectively. Therefore, the intermediate molecules 20C in the liquid crystal alignment section B have a rising manner when a voltage is applied opposite to that in the alignment section A. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment section B are
Contrary to the liquid crystal alignment section A, it becomes bright when viewed from above and dark when viewed from below.
【００２６】従って、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂ
を合わせて配置することにより、図７の実線Ｉの特性が
得られる。そして、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂを
合わせたものを１単位領域とし、そのような微小な単位
領域を繰り返して液晶パネル１０を形成する。このよう
な特徴を有する配向膜２２、２６の配向処理をラビング
で行う場合には、それぞれの配向膜２２、２６にまず液
晶配向区分Ａに相当する開口部を有するマスクをあてて
所定の方向にラビングを行い、それから液晶配向区分Ｂ
に相当する開口部を有するマスクをあてて再度別の所定
の方向にラビングを行う。斜め蒸着の場合にも同様にマ
スクを使用して微小な区分毎に配向処理を行うことがで
きる。Therefore, the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B
The characteristics of the solid line I in FIG. 7 can be obtained by arranging them together. Then, a combination of the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B is set as one unit area, and such a minute unit area is repeated to form the liquid crystal panel 10. When the alignment treatment of the alignment films 22 and 26 having such characteristics is performed by rubbing, a mask having an opening corresponding to the liquid crystal alignment section A is first applied to each of the alignment films 22 and 26 in a predetermined direction. Rubbing, then liquid crystal alignment section B
A mask having an opening corresponding to is applied and rubbing is performed again in another predetermined direction. Similarly, in the case of oblique vapor deposition, a mask can be used to perform orientation processing for each minute section.
【００２７】図６は液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂが
縦に並べて配置された例を示しているが、これは下配向
膜２２と上配向膜２６の間の中間部に位置する液晶の中
間分子２０Ｃの配向方向を同時に説明するために縦に並
べて示しただけであって、図８に示すように液晶配向区
分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂを横に並べて配置したものと実質
的に同じである。また、上記説明では、液晶２０は左回
りのツイストをするものであったが、図９に示すよう
に、図示のような配向方向２２ａ、２６ａをもった液晶
配向区分Ａ１と液晶配向区分Ｂ１によれば右回りのツイ
ストで同様の特徴を達成することができる。FIG. 6 shows an example in which the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are arranged vertically side by side. This is for a liquid crystal located in an intermediate portion between the lower alignment film 22 and the upper alignment film 26. The intermediate molecules 20C are only shown vertically for explaining the alignment direction at the same time, and are substantially the same as those in which the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are horizontally arranged as shown in FIG. is there. Further, in the above description, the liquid crystal 20 twists counterclockwise, but as shown in FIG. 9, it is divided into the liquid crystal alignment section A1 and the liquid crystal alignment section B1 having the alignment directions 22a and 26a as shown in the figure. Thus, a clockwise twist can achieve similar characteristics.
【００２８】液晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向区分Ｂは異な
る視角特性をもっており、その差が観視者に認識されな
いで一様な画像を形成するためには、液晶配向区分Ａ及
び液晶配向区分Ｂの面積はある程度小さいものであるこ
とが望ましい。好ましくは、１単位領域は、データバス
ライン３０とゲートバスライン３２とで囲まれた１画素
領域と一致するように形成するとよい。カラー表示のた
めに下基板１６にカラーフィルタが設けられる場合に
は、その１画素領域はカラーフィルタのＲ、Ｇ、Ｂ毎の
領域とする。しかし、１単位領域は、１画素領域の整数
倍（３倍程度まで）、あるいは１画素領域の整数の逆数
倍にしてもよい。The liquid crystal orientation section A and the liquid crystal orientation section B have different viewing angle characteristics, and in order to form a uniform image without the difference being recognized by the viewer, the liquid crystal orientation section A and the liquid crystal orientation section B are different. It is desirable that the area is small to some extent. Preferably, one unit area is formed so as to coincide with one pixel area surrounded by the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32. When a color filter is provided on the lower substrate 16 for color display, one pixel area thereof is an area for each of R, G and B of the color filter. However, one unit area may be an integral multiple of the one pixel area (up to about three times) or an inverse multiple of the integer of the one pixel area.
【００２９】さて、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂを
設ける場合、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂを単に碁
盤の目状に配置すると、上記問題点として記載したよう
に、これらの２つの液晶配向区分の境界部で液晶の配向
性が悪化したり、図１１に示したようなディスクリネー
ショが生じるという問題点が生じる。そこで本発明はそ
のような問題点を解決するためにさらに発展する。When the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are provided, if the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are simply arranged in a grid pattern, as described above as the problem, these two There are problems that the alignment of the liquid crystal is deteriorated at the boundary of the liquid crystal alignment section, and the disclination as shown in FIG. 11 occurs. Therefore, the present invention further develops to solve such a problem.
【００３０】図１は参照すると、本発明による液晶表示
装置は、上記した特徴を備えた液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配
向区分Ｂからなる微小な単位領域の繰り返しからなると
ともに、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂが、下配向膜
２２と上配向膜２６の中間部に位置する液晶の分子２０
Ｃの延びる方向（長軸方向）と平行な方向に長くストラ
イプ状に設けられる。Referring to FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a repeating unit unit consisting of a liquid crystal alignment section A and a liquid crystal alignment section B having the above-mentioned characteristics, and a liquid crystal alignment section A and a liquid crystal. The alignment section B has the liquid crystal molecules 20 located in the middle of the lower alignment film 22 and the upper alignment film 26.
The long stripes are provided in a direction parallel to the direction in which C extends (long axis direction).
【００３１】図５及び図６を参照して説明したように、
液晶配向区分Ａでは液晶の中間分子２０Ｃは表示画面に
垂直な平面内に延び、同様に液晶配向区分Ｂでも液晶の
中間分子２０Ｃは表示画面に垂直な平面内に延びる。す
なわち、図１では、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの
液晶の中間分子２０Ｃはともに紙面に垂直な平面内に延
び、この紙面に垂直な平面（図の直線）が液晶配向区分
Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂを区画する。このように、下配向膜
２２と上配向膜２６の中間部に位置する液晶の分子２０
Ｃが相互に平行な方向に長く延びており、両区分の境界
部での変形がツイスト変形により維持されるので、境界
部における液晶の分子２０Ｃがより良く配向するように
なる。As described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6,
In the liquid crystal alignment section A, the liquid crystal intermediate molecules 20C extend in a plane perpendicular to the display screen, and similarly in the liquid crystal alignment section B, the liquid crystal intermediate molecules 20C extend in a plane perpendicular to the display screen. That is, in FIG. 1, the intermediate molecules 20C of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B both extend in the plane perpendicular to the paper surface, and the plane perpendicular to the paper surface (straight line in the figure) is the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal. The orientation section B is defined. Thus, the liquid crystal molecules 20 located in the middle of the lower alignment film 22 and the upper alignment film 26.
Since C extends long in a direction parallel to each other and the deformation at the boundary between both sections is maintained by the twist deformation, the liquid crystal molecules 20C at the boundary are better aligned.
【００３２】すなわち、図２の（Ａ）に示されるよう
に、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの液晶の中間分子
２０ＣはわずかではあるがＸ字状に互いに反対方向に傾
斜している（図２の（Ａ）は図１の左端側の矢印から見
た場合を示す）。これらの液晶の中間分子２０Ｃは電界
を印加することによってそれぞれ矢印Ａ、Ｂの方向に立
ち上がる。一方、図２の（Ｂ）は、本発明の特徴とは違
って、液晶の中間分子２０Ｃが図１の液晶配向区分Ａと
液晶配向区分Ｂを区画する直線に垂直な平面内に延びる
配向の場合（横ストライプで区分した場合）を示し、こ
の場合には液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界部に
位置する液晶の中間分子２０Ｃは端部同士が突き合うよ
うに緩いＶ字形に配列する。That is, as shown in FIG. 2A, the intermediate molecules 20C of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are slightly inclined in the X-shape in opposite directions ( (A) of FIG. 2 shows the case seen from the arrow on the left end side of FIG. 1). The intermediate molecules 20C of these liquid crystals rise in the directions of arrows A and B by applying an electric field. On the other hand, in FIG. 2B, unlike the feature of the present invention, the intermediate molecules 20C of the liquid crystal have an alignment extending in a plane perpendicular to the straight line dividing the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B of FIG. In this case, the intermediate molecules 20C of the liquid crystal located at the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are arranged in a loose V-shape so that their ends abut each other. To do.
【００３３】液晶２０の分子同士は互いに作用し合って
おり、液晶２０の分子が姿勢を変化させるのを相互に阻
止している。従って、液晶２０を立ち上がらせるために
は、その相互作用力に打ち勝つ力を与えることが必要で
ある。図２の（Ａ）に示される本発明の場合には、液晶
配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界部に位置する液晶の
中間分子２０Ｃの変形はツイストの弾性係数をもつ構造
になっており、図２の（Ｂ）に示す構成の場合には、液
晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界部に位置する液晶
の中間分子２０Ｃの変形はベンドの弾性係数をもつ構造
になっている。一般に、液晶に曲げ力を与える場合に、
ツイストの弾性係数はベンドの弾性係数よりも小さい。
よって本発明の中間分子２０Ｃはその他の構成のものよ
りも配向区分での液晶変形にともなうエネルギーが小さ
くなり、より配向性が高いという特徴がある。The molecules of the liquid crystal 20 interact with each other and mutually prevent the molecules of the liquid crystal 20 from changing their postures. Therefore, in order to raise the liquid crystal 20, it is necessary to give a force to overcome the interaction force. In the case of the present invention shown in FIG. 2A, the deformation of the intermediate molecule 20C of the liquid crystal located at the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B has a structure having a twist elastic coefficient. In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 2B, the deformation of the intermediate molecule 20C of the liquid crystal located at the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B has a structure having a bend elastic coefficient. Generally, when applying bending force to liquid crystal,
The elastic modulus of the twist is smaller than that of the bend.
Therefore, the intermediate molecule 20C of the present invention has a characteristic that the energy accompanying the deformation of the liquid crystal in the alignment section is smaller than that of the other molecules and the alignment property is higher.
【００３４】図１２は本発明の第２実施例を示す図であ
る。この実施例においては、本発明による液晶表示装置
は、上記した特徴を備えた液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区
分Ｂからなる微小な単位領域の繰り返しからなるととも
に、下基板１６及び上基板１８（図２参照）の少なくと
も一方に、該微小な単位領域の液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配
向区分Ｂの境界に沿って延びる遮光膜４０が設けられる
ことを特徴とするものである。FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is composed of repeating small unit areas each having a liquid crystal alignment section A and a liquid crystal alignment section B having the above-mentioned characteristics, and a lower substrate 16 and an upper substrate 18 (see FIG. 2)), a light-shielding film 40 extending along the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B of the minute unit area is provided.
【００３５】この遮光膜４０は、図１１に示したような
ディスクリネーションＤの部分を覆い、ディスクリネー
ションＤによる明暗のコントラストの低下を低減する。
なお、遮光膜４０は約５μｍ〜１０μｍ程度の幅があれ
ば十分であり、遮光膜４０が画素を横切って設けられて
いる場合でも観視者にはその存在は認識されず、明瞭な
画像が得られる。The light-shielding film 40 covers the portion of the disclination D as shown in FIG. 11 and reduces the decrease in contrast of light and dark due to the disclination D.
It is sufficient for the light-shielding film 40 to have a width of about 5 μm to 10 μm, and even if the light-shielding film 40 is provided across the pixels, its presence is not recognized by the viewer and a clear image is obtained. can get.
【００３６】図１３は遮光膜４０の別の実施例を示し、
この実施例では遮光膜４０が上基板１８（図３参照）に
形成された蓄積容量電極２８と兼用するように構成され
る。この実施例では、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂ
を構成する単位領域はデータバスライン３０とゲートバ
スライン３２とで囲まれた１画素領域と一致するように
形成され、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界は画
素電極２４を横切るようにゲートバスライン３２と平行
に延びる。トランジスタ３４は冗長構成で画素電極２４
に対して上下端部に２個設けられており、液晶配向区分
Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界は両トランジスタ３４の中間
を通る。FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the light shielding film 40,
In this embodiment, the light shielding film 40 is configured so as to also serve as the storage capacitor electrode 28 formed on the upper substrate 18 (see FIG. 3). In this embodiment, liquid crystal alignment section A and liquid crystal alignment section B
Is formed so as to coincide with one pixel region surrounded by the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32, and the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B crosses the pixel electrode 24. It extends parallel to the gate bus line 32. The transistor 34 has a redundant configuration and has a pixel electrode 24.
2 are provided at the upper and lower ends, and the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B passes through the middle of both transistors 34.
【００３７】遮光膜４０兼蓄積容量電極２８は上基板１
８の表面に設けられ、その上に絶縁層を設けた後、ＩＴ
Ｏの画素電極２４が形成される。遮光膜４０兼蓄積容量
電極２８は導電性があり、且つ不透明な材料、例えばア
ルミニウムや、チタン等で作られる。遮光膜４０兼蓄積
容量電極２８をゲートバスライン３２と同じ材料で作る
と、これらを上基板１８の表面に同時に形成することが
できる。従って、この構成によれば、遮光膜４０の形成
は容易である。The light shielding film 40 and the storage capacitor electrode 28 are the upper substrate 1
8 is provided on the surface, and after the insulating layer is provided thereon, IT
The O pixel electrode 24 is formed. The light shielding film 40 and the storage capacitor electrode 28 are made of an electrically conductive and opaque material such as aluminum or titanium. If the light shielding film 40 and the storage capacitor electrode 28 are made of the same material as the gate bus line 32, these can be formed on the surface of the upper substrate 18 at the same time. Therefore, according to this structure, the light shielding film 40 can be easily formed.
【００３８】図１３は遮光膜４０の別の実施例を示す図
である。この実施例では、液晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向
区分Ｂは、それぞれデータバスライン３０とゲートバス
ライン３２とで囲まれた１画素領域と一致するように形
成され、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界はデー
タバスライン３０及びゲートバスライン３２と重畳する
位置に来るようになっている。従って、この場合には、
データバスライン３０及びゲートバスライン３２がその
まま遮光膜４０となる。また、この実施例に類似して、
液晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向区分Ｂとデータバスライン
３０及びゲートバスライン３２との配置関係を適切する
ことにより、データバスライン３０及びゲートバスライ
ン３２の少なくとも一部を遮光膜４０として利用でき
る。FIG. 13 is a view showing another embodiment of the light shielding film 40. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are formed so as to correspond to one pixel area surrounded by the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32, respectively. The boundary of B is located so as to overlap the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32. So in this case,
The data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32 serve as the light shielding film 40 as they are. Also, similar to this embodiment,
At least a part of the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32 can be used as the light-shielding film 40 by adjusting the arrangement relationship between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B and the data bus line 30 and the gate bus line 32.
【００３９】図１５は、図１に示した長くストライプ状
に延びる液晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向区分Ｂを有する構
成において、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界が
データバスライン３０に重畳して延び、従って、この場
合には置に来るようになっている。従って、この場合に
は、データバスライン３０を遮光膜４０として利用する
ことができる。FIG. 15 shows a structure having the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B extending in a long stripe shape as shown in FIG. 1, and the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B is overlapped with the data bus line 30. And thus in this case comes to rest. Therefore, in this case, the data bus line 30 can be used as the light shielding film 40.
【００４０】図１６は遮光膜４０の別の実施例を示す図
である。この実施例では、遮光膜４０は下基板１６に設
けられる。下基板１６には、カラー表示のために下基板
１６にカラーフィルタが設けられ、且つカラーフィルタ
のＲ、Ｇ、Ｂ毎の領域を開口させるブラックマトリクス
４２が設けられる。遮光膜４０は、液晶配向区分Ａと液
晶配向区分Ｂの境界を覆うようにブラックマトリクス４
２の開口部に相当する位置を横切って延びる。FIG. 16 is a view showing another embodiment of the light shielding film 40. In this embodiment, the light shielding film 40 is provided on the lower substrate 16. On the lower substrate 16, color filters are provided on the lower substrate 16 for color display, and a black matrix 42 for opening the R, G, and B regions of the color filter is provided. The light-shielding film 40 covers the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B so as to cover the black matrix 4.
It extends across a position corresponding to the two openings.
【００４１】図１７は遮光膜４０の別の実施例を示す図
である。この実施例では、遮光膜４０が下基板１６に設
けられ、さらに、別の遮光膜４１が遮光膜４０に対して
ずらした位置で上基板１８に設けられる。例えば、液晶
２０の厚さが５μｍのとき、遮光膜４１と遮光膜４０と
の間のギャップは３０μｍとなっている。図１８は、液
晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向区分Ｂを斜めから見たときの
明暗を示す図である。図１７の実施例は、液晶配向区分
Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの間の境界部に発生するディスクリ
ネーションを覆うことができるとともに、図１８の特徴
をもつ液晶表示装置のコントラストをさらに向上させる
ものである。FIG. 17 is a view showing another embodiment of the light shielding film 40. In this embodiment, the light shielding film 40 is provided on the lower substrate 16, and another light shielding film 41 is provided on the upper substrate 18 at a position offset from the light shielding film 40. For example, when the thickness of the liquid crystal 20 is 5 μm, the gap between the light shielding film 41 and the light shielding film 40 is 30 μm. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the brightness and darkness when the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B are viewed obliquely. The embodiment of FIG. 17 can cover the disclination generated at the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B, and further improve the contrast of the liquid crystal display device having the characteristics of FIG. Is.
【００４２】すでに図５及び図６の説明から明らかなよ
うに、図１８では、液晶配向区分Ａを下方から見ると明
るく見え、同じ液晶配向区分Ａを上方から見ると暗く見
える。また、液晶配向区分Ｂを下方から見ると暗く見
え、同じ液晶配向区分Ｂを斜め上方から見ると明るく見
える。両者を同じ割合で混合して見た場合の特性が図７
の曲線Ｉで示され、真正面から見た場合の特性が曲線Ｃ
で示されている。この曲線Ｉ及び曲線Ｃは図１９に再掲
載されている。また、図７の曲線Ｃ及び曲線Ｕは図２０
に再掲載されている。As is clear from the description of FIGS. 5 and 6, in FIG. 18, the liquid crystal alignment section A looks bright when viewed from below, and the same liquid crystal alignment section A looks dark when viewed from above. Further, the liquid crystal alignment section B looks dark when viewed from below, and the same liquid crystal alignment section B looks bright when viewed obliquely from above. Fig. 7 shows the characteristics when both are mixed at the same ratio.
The curve I shows the characteristic when viewed from the front.
Indicated by. The curves I and C are reprinted in FIG. The curves C and U in FIG. 7 are shown in FIG.
It is re-published in.
【００４３】図１９及び図２０を参照すると、曲線Ｉは
上下視角方向で対称であり、曲線Ｃと曲線Ｕよりなる特
性を有する従来の液晶パネルに比較して視角特性を向上
させるが、それでも曲線Ｉの中間部よりも右側の部分
（高電圧側）は曲線Ｃよりも高い透過率を示している。
このため、液晶表示装置を上方又は下方から見る場合
に、画面が白っぽく見えることになる。図１７の実施例
では、矢印Ｌの方向に入射する光に対して、その入射角
度の場合に暗く見える傾向のある液晶配向区分Ａの遮光
膜４０と遮光膜４１との間の開口が広くなり（例えば４
０μｍ）、例えば図２０の曲線ＵＯに示される特性の透
過率が得られるようになる。一方、その入射角度の場合
に明るく見える傾向のある液晶配向区分Ｂの遮光膜４０
と遮光膜４１との間の開口が狭くなり（例えば２０μ
ｍ）、図２０の曲線ＬＯに示される特性の透過率が得ら
れるようになる。従って、曲線ＵＯと曲線ＬＯの特性を
混合すると、図１９の曲線ＩＯの特性を得ることができ
るようになる。この曲線ＩＯは元の曲線Ｉの画面が白っ
ぽく見える点を改善している。なお、遮光膜４０を上記
実施例の場合のように蓄積容量電極２８やバスラインに
より形成することができ、遮光膜４１をブラックマトリ
クスとともに形成することができる。Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20, the curve I is symmetrical in the vertical viewing angle direction and improves the viewing angle characteristics as compared with the conventional liquid crystal panel having the characteristics of the curves C and U. The portion on the right side of the middle portion of I (high voltage side) shows higher transmittance than the curve C.
Therefore, the screen looks whitish when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from above or below. In the embodiment of FIG. 17, for the light incident in the direction of the arrow L, the opening between the light-shielding film 40 and the light-shielding film 41 of the liquid crystal alignment section A, which tends to appear dark at the incident angle, becomes wide. (Eg 4
0 μm), for example, the transmittance of the characteristic shown by the curve UO in FIG. 20 can be obtained. On the other hand, the light-shielding film 40 of the liquid crystal alignment section B that tends to appear bright at that incident angle
The opening between the light shielding film 41 and the light shielding film 41 becomes narrow (for example, 20 μm
m), the transmittance of the characteristic shown by the curve LO in FIG. 20 can be obtained. Therefore, by mixing the characteristics of the curve UO and the curve LO, the characteristics of the curve IO in FIG. 19 can be obtained. This curve IO improves the point that the screen of the original curve I looks whitish. The light-shielding film 40 can be formed by the storage capacitor electrode 28 or the bus line as in the above-described embodiment, and the light-shielding film 41 can be formed together with the black matrix.
【００４４】図２１は遮光膜４０及び遮光膜４１をそれ
ぞれ基板１６、１８の表面から離れた位置に設け、遮光
膜４０と遮光膜４１との間の斜め開口４３を任意の値に
設定できることを示している。In FIG. 21, the light-shielding film 40 and the light-shielding film 41 are provided at positions apart from the surfaces of the substrates 16 and 18, respectively, and the oblique opening 43 between the light-shielding film 40 and the light-shielding film 41 can be set to an arbitrary value. Shows.
【００４５】図２２及び図２３は本発明の第３実施例を
示す図である。この実施例においては、本発明による液
晶表示装置は、上記した特徴を備えた液晶配向区分Ａと
液晶配向区分Ｂからなる微小な単位領域の繰り返しから
なるとともに、液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界
部に該液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの配向状態とは
異なる配向状態を表す第３の液晶配向区分Ｃを有するも
のである。22 and 23 are views showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a repeating unit unit consisting of a liquid crystal alignment section A and a liquid crystal alignment section B having the above-mentioned characteristics, and a liquid crystal alignment section A and a liquid crystal alignment section B. The third liquid crystal alignment section C having an alignment state different from the alignment states of the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B is provided at the boundary part of.
【００４６】図２３に示されるように、液晶配向区分Ｃ
を形成するに当たっては、配向膜２２と配向膜２６に液
晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向区分Ｂとは別の配向処理を行
う。図２３では、液晶配向区分Ｃに相当する配向膜２２
の部分２２ｐと配向膜２６の部分２６ｐに、液晶２０が
立ち上がりやすいような配向処理を行う。すなわち、デ
ィスクリネーションは、液晶２０に電圧を印加したとき
に液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂの境界部の液晶の分
子が立ち上がりにくいことにより生じるものであるか
ら、この部分の液晶を液晶配向区分Ａと液晶配向区分Ｂ
の液晶よりも立ち上がりやすくすることによってディス
クリネーションを解消する。As shown in FIG. 23, the liquid crystal alignment section C
In forming the film, the alignment film 22 and the alignment film 26 are subjected to an alignment treatment different from the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B. In FIG. 23, the alignment film 22 corresponding to the liquid crystal alignment section C is formed.
The portion 22p and the portion 26p of the alignment film 26 are subjected to an alignment treatment so that the liquid crystal 20 is likely to rise. That is, since the disclination is caused by the difficulty of rising of the liquid crystal molecules at the boundary between the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 20, the liquid crystal in this section is aligned in the liquid crystal alignment. Category A and liquid crystal orientation category B
Eliminates disclination by making it easier to stand up than the LCD.
【００４７】図２４及び図２５は、液晶２０が立ち上が
りやすいような配向処理の一手段として、液晶配向区分
Ｃに相当する配向膜２２の部分２２ｐと配向膜２６の部
分２６ｐを、配向膜のその他の部分よりも水平配向規制
力が弱いようにした例を示す図である。図２６及び図２
７は、液晶２０が立ち上がりやすいような配向処理の一
手段として、液晶配向区分Ｃに相当する配向膜２２の部
分２２ｐと配向膜２６の部分２６ｐに垂直配向処理を施
した例を示す図である。この場合、まず市販のシランカ
ップリング剤等の垂直配向剤を配向膜２２及び配向膜２
６の全面に塗布し、次にイミド化率１００パーセントの
ホリイミド等の水平配向剤を配向膜２２及び配向膜２６
の液晶配向区分Ａ及び液晶配向区分Ｂのところに塗布
し、それからレジストによりマスクを使用してラビング
を行った。24 and 25, as a means of aligning the liquid crystal 20 so that the liquid crystal 20 tends to rise easily, a portion 22p of the alignment film 22 and a portion 26p of the alignment film 26 corresponding to the liquid crystal alignment section C are shown as the other alignment films. It is a figure which shows the example which made the horizontal alignment control force weaker than the part. 26 and 2
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example in which vertical alignment processing is applied to a portion 22p of the alignment film 22 and a portion 26p of the alignment film 26 corresponding to the liquid crystal alignment section C, as one means of the alignment processing so that the liquid crystal 20 easily rises. .. In this case, a vertical alignment agent such as a commercially available silane coupling agent is first used for the alignment film 22 and the alignment film 2.
6, and then a horizontal aligning agent such as holimide having an imidization ratio of 100% is applied to the alignment films 22 and 26.
Were applied to the liquid crystal alignment section A and the liquid crystal alignment section B, and then rubbed with a resist using a mask.
【００４８】図２８は、液晶２０が立ち上がりやすいよ
うな配向処理の一手段として、液晶配向区分Ｃに相当す
る配向膜２２、２６の部分のみにラビングを行わない例
を示す図である。また、図２８は、液晶２０が立ち上が
りやすいような配向処理の一手段として、液晶配向区分
Ｃに相当する配向膜２２、２６の部分に液晶配向区分Ａ
と液晶配向区分Ｂとは異なるラビングを行った例を示す
図である。このように、配向区分Ｃは種々の手段で形成
することができる。FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example in which rubbing is not performed only on the portions of the alignment films 22 and 26 corresponding to the liquid crystal alignment section C, as one means of alignment processing for making the liquid crystal 20 rise easily. In addition, FIG. 28 shows that the liquid crystal alignment section A is provided on the alignment films 22 and 26 corresponding to the liquid crystal alignment section C as one means of the alignment process for making the liquid crystal 20 easily rise.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example in which a different rubbing is performed between the liquid crystal alignment section B and the liquid crystal alignment section B. Thus, the orientation section C can be formed by various means.
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
液晶の分子の配向性を向上し、また２つの液晶配向区分
の境界部に生じるディスクリネーションを解消すること
ができ、コントラスト及び視角特性の優れた液晶表示装
置を得ることができる。As described above, according to the present invention,
It is possible to improve the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, eliminate the disclination that occurs at the boundary between the two liquid crystal orientation sections, and obtain a liquid crystal display device having excellent contrast and viewing angle characteristics.
【図１】本発明の原理図兼第１実施例を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a principle of the present invention and also a first embodiment.
【図２】２つの液晶配向区分の境界部の液晶分子を示す
図であり、（Ａ）は図１の配向を示し、（Ｂ）は別の配
向の例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing liquid crystal molecules at a boundary between two liquid crystal alignment sections, (A) showing the alignment of FIG. 1 and (B) showing another example of alignment.
【図３】液晶表示装置の概略断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device.
【図４】ツイストネマチック型液晶の挙動を説明する斜
視図である。FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating behavior of twisted nematic liquid crystal.
【図５】１つの液晶配向区分を示す図であり、（Ａ）は
各部の液晶分子の配向状態を示す図であり、（Ｂ）は
（Ａ）の簡略図であり、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）のＹ−Ｙ´線断
面図である。5A and 5B are diagrams showing one liquid crystal alignment section, FIG. 5A is a view showing alignment states of liquid crystal molecules in each portion, FIG. 5B is a simplified diagram of FIG. 5A, and FIG. It is a YY 'sectional view taken on the line of B).
【図６】２つの液晶配向区分を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing two liquid crystal alignment sections.
【図７】液晶表示装置の視角特性を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal display device.
【図８】２つの液晶配向区分のもう一つの配置を示す図
である。FIG. 8 is a view showing another arrangement of two liquid crystal alignment sections.
【図９】２つの液晶配向区分のもう一つの配置を示す図
である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another arrangement of two liquid crystal alignment sections.
【図１０】アクティブマトリクス回路を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an active matrix circuit.
【図１１】従来のディスクリネーションを示す図であ
る。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a conventional disclination.
【図１２】本発明の第２実施例を示す図である。FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図１３】図１２の遮光膜の例を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the light shielding film of FIG.
【図１４】図１２の遮光膜の別の例を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a view showing another example of the light shielding film of FIG.
【図１５】図１２の遮光膜の別の例を示す図である。FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another example of the light shielding film of FIG.
【図１６】図１２の遮光膜の別の例を示す図である。16 is a diagram showing another example of the light shielding film of FIG.
【図１７】図１２の遮光膜の別の例を示す図である。FIG. 17 is a diagram showing another example of the light shielding film of FIG.
【図１８】図１７の配置の前提を示す図である。18 is a diagram showing a premise of the arrangement of FIG.
【図１９】図１７の液晶表示装置の視角特性の一部を示
す図である。19 is a diagram showing a part of the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
【図２０】図１７の液晶表示装置の視角特性の一部を示
す図である。20 is a diagram showing a part of the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
【図２１】図１７の変形例を示す図である。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a modification of FIG. 17.
【図２２】本発明の第３実施例を示す図である。FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図２３】図２２の液晶の配向状態を示す図である。FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an alignment state of the liquid crystal of FIG. 22.
【図２４】図２２の配向処理の例を示す図である。FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the alignment treatment of FIG. 22.
【図２５】図２４の液晶が立ち上がったところを示す図
である。FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a state where the liquid crystal of FIG. 24 has risen.
【図２６】図２２の配向処理の例を示す図である。FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of the alignment treatment of FIG. 22.
【図２７】図２６の液晶が立ち上がったところを示す図
である。FIG. 27 is a view showing a state where the liquid crystal of FIG. 26 has risen.
【図２８】図２２の配向処理の例を示す図である。FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of the alignment treatment of FIG. 22.
【図２９】図２２の配向処理の例を示す図である。FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of the alignment treatment of FIG. 22.
１６、１８…基板 ２０…液晶 ２１、２４…電極 ２２、２６…配向膜 ４０…遮光膜 16, 18 ... Substrate 20 ... Liquid crystal 21, 24 ... Electrodes 22, 26 ... Alignment film 40 ... Light-shielding film
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 鎌田 豪 神奈川県川崎市中原区上小田中1015番地 富士通株式会社内 (72)発明者 片山 良志郎 神奈川県川崎市中原区上小田中1015番地 富士通株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Go Kamata 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor, Yoshishiro Katayama, 1015, Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Fujitsu Limited
Claims (15)
８）と、該第１の基板の内面に設けられた第１の電極
（２１）及び第１の配向膜（２２）と、該第２の基板の
内面に設けられた第２の電極（２４）及び第２の配向膜
（２６）と、該第１及び第２の基板の間に挿入された液
晶（２０）と、からなる液晶表示装置であって、 該液晶が、液晶分子が該第１の配向膜（２２）及び該第
２の配向膜（２６）の配向処理に従ってプレチルト及び
ツイストする液晶からなり、 該第１の配向膜（２２）及び該第２の配向膜（２６）
が、相互にほぼ垂直な配向方向を有し、且つ複数の微小
な単位領域の各々に形成された第１及び第２の液晶配向
区分（Ａ、Ｂ）を有し、よって該第１の液晶配向区分に
おける液晶の分子と該第２の液晶配向区分における液晶
の分子が平行な方向に長軸方向を有し且つ逆方向にプレ
チルトするように配向処理され、 かつ、該微小な単位領域の第１及び第２の液晶配向区分
（Ａ、Ｂ）が、該第１の配向膜と該第２の配向膜の中間
部に位置する液晶の分子の長軸方向と平行な方向に長く
ストライプ状に設けられることを特徴とする液晶表示装
置。1. A first and a second opposing substrate (16, 1).
8), a first electrode (21) and a first alignment film (22) provided on the inner surface of the first substrate, and a second electrode (24) provided on the inner surface of the second substrate. ) And a second alignment film (26), and a liquid crystal (20) inserted between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal has liquid crystal molecules The first alignment film (22) and the second alignment film (26) are composed of a liquid crystal that pretilts and twists according to the alignment treatment of the first alignment film (22) and the second alignment film (26).
Have first and second liquid crystal alignment sections (A, B) formed in each of a plurality of minute unit areas, each having an alignment direction substantially perpendicular to each other, and thus the first liquid crystal The liquid crystal molecules in the alignment section and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal alignment section are aligned so that they have a major axis direction in a parallel direction and pretilt in the opposite direction, and The first and second liquid crystal alignment sections (A, B) are formed in long stripes in a direction parallel to the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules located in the middle of the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A liquid crystal display device provided.
らなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の液晶表示装
置。2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal is a twisted nematic liquid crystal.
向処理がマスクを使用したラビングによるものであり、
該配向方向がラビング方向と一致することを特徴とする
請求項１に記載の液晶表示装置。3. The alignment treatment of the first alignment film and the second alignment film is performed by rubbing using a mask,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment direction coincides with the rubbing direction.
該第１の配向膜と該第２の配向膜の中間部に位置する液
晶の分子の長軸方向が該表示画面の縦方向と一致するよ
うに設定されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の液晶
表示装置。4. A display screen having vertical and horizontal directions,
2. The liquid crystal molecules located in the middle of the first alignment film and the second alignment film are set so that the major axis direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal is aligned with the vertical direction of the display screen. The described liquid crystal display device.
少なくとも一方の基板がバスラインを有し、該微小な単
位領域の第１及び第２の液晶配向区分の境界が一方向に
延びる該バスラインと重畳するように形成されているこ
とを特徴とする請求項１に記載の液晶表示装置。5. At least one of the first and second opposing substrates has a bus line, and a boundary between the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections of the minute unit region is unidirectional. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is formed so as to overlap the extending bus line.
一方の基板がその電極とともに該電極に接続されるマト
リクス状の縦横のバスラインを有し、該微小な単位領域
が一方向に延びる該隣接バスラインの間に設けられるこ
とを特徴とする請求項１に記載の液晶表示装置。6. One of the first and second opposing substrates has a matrix of vertical and horizontal bus lines connected to the electrodes together with its electrodes, and the minute unit area is unidirectional. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is provided between the adjacent bus lines extending in the direction.
８）と、該第１の基板の内面に設けられた第１の電極
（２１）及び第１の配向膜（２２）と、該第２の基板の
内面に設けられた第２の電極（２４）及び第２の配向膜
（２６）と、該第１及び第２の基板の間に挿入された液
晶（２０）と、からなる液晶表示装置であって、 該液晶が、液晶分子が該第１の配向膜（２２）及び該第
２の配向膜（２６）の配向処理に従ってプレチルト及び
ツイストする液晶からなり、 該第１の配向膜（２２）及び該第２の配向膜（２６）
が、相互にほぼ垂直な配向方向を有し、且つ複数の微小
な単位領域の各々に形成された第１及び第２の液晶配向
区分（Ａ、Ｂ）を有し、よって該第１の液晶配向区分に
おける液晶の分子と該第２の液晶配向区分における液晶
の分子が平行な方向に長軸方向を有し且つ逆方向にプレ
チルトするように配向処理され、 かつ、該第１及び第２の対向する基板（１６、１８）の
少なくとも一方に、該微小な単位領域の第１及び第２の
液晶配向区分（Ａ、Ｂ）の境界に沿って重畳して延びる
遮光膜（４０）が設けられることを特徴とする液晶表示
装置。7. A first and a second opposing substrate (16, 1).
8), a first electrode (21) and a first alignment film (22) provided on the inner surface of the first substrate, and a second electrode (24) provided on the inner surface of the second substrate. ) And a second alignment film (26), and a liquid crystal (20) inserted between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal has liquid crystal molecules The first alignment film (22) and the second alignment film (26) are composed of a liquid crystal that pretilts and twists according to the alignment treatment of the first alignment film (22) and the second alignment film (26).
Have first and second liquid crystal alignment sections (A, B) formed in each of a plurality of minute unit areas, each having an alignment direction substantially perpendicular to each other, and thus the first liquid crystal The liquid crystal molecules in the alignment section and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal alignment section are aligned so that they have a major axis direction in a parallel direction and pretilt in the opposite direction, and the first and second liquid crystal molecules are aligned. At least one of the opposing substrates (16, 18) is provided with a light-shielding film (40) that extends along the boundary between the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections (A, B) of the minute unit area. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above.
一方の基板に該液晶のための蓄積容量電極が設けられ、
該蓄積容量電極が非透明で該遮光膜となることを特徴と
する請求項７に記載の液晶表示装置。8. A storage capacitor electrode for the liquid crystal is provided on one of the first and second opposing substrates,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein the storage capacitor electrode is non-transparent and serves as the light shielding film.
少なくとも一方の基板がバスラインを有し、該バスライ
ンのうちの少なくとも一部のものが該遮光膜となること
を特徴とする請求項７に記載の液晶表示装置。9. At least one of the first and second opposing substrates has a bus line, and at least a part of the bus line serves as the light shielding film. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7.
領域が該画素面積の整数倍に設定されることを特徴とす
る請求項７に記載の液晶表示装置。10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a predetermined pixel area, and the minute unit area is set to an integral multiple of the pixel area.
領域が該画素面積の整数の逆数倍に設定されることを特
徴とする請求項７に記載の液晶表示装置。11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a predetermined pixel area, and the minute unit region is set to a reciprocal multiple of an integer of the pixel area.
極に接続されるマトリクス状の縦横のバスラインを有
し、該第２の基板に該遮光膜が設けられることを特徴と
する請求項７に記載の液晶表示装置。12. The first substrate has a matrix of vertical and horizontal bus lines connected to the electrodes together with its electrodes, and the light shielding film is provided on the second substrate. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 7.
れ、該第２の基板に第２の遮光膜が該第１の遮光膜に対
してずらした位置に設けられ、かつ、斜めから見る開口
がコントラストの低い配向区分でより小さくなるよう
に、またコントラストの高い配向区分でより大きくなる
ようにしたことを特徴とする請求項７に記載の液晶表示
装置。13. A first light-shielding film is provided on the first substrate, a second light-shielding film is provided on the second substrate at a position offset from the first light-shielding film, and 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein an opening viewed obliquely is made smaller in an alignment section having a low contrast and is made larger in an alignment section having a high contrast.
１８）と、該第１の基板の内面に設けられた第１の電極
（２１）及び第１の配向膜（２２）と、該第２の基板の
内面に設けられた第２の電極（２４）及び第２の配向膜
（２６）と、該第１及び第２の基板の間に挿入された液
晶（２０）と、からなる液晶表示装置であって、 該液晶が、液晶分子が該第１の配向膜（２２）及び該第
２の配向膜（２６）の配向処理に従ってプレチルト及び
ツイストする液晶からなり、 該第１の配向膜（２２）及び該第２の配向膜（２６）
が、相互にほぼ垂直な配向方向を有し、且つ複数の微小
な単位領域の各々に形成された第１及び第２の液晶配向
区分（Ａ、Ｂ）を有し、よって該第１の液晶配向区分に
おける液晶の分子と該第２の液晶配向区分における液晶
の分子が平行な方向に長軸方向を有し且つ逆方向にプレ
チルトするように配向処理され、 さらに、該第１の配向膜及び該第２の配向膜（２２、２
６）が、該微小な単位領域の第１及び第２の液晶配向区
分（Ａ、Ｂ）の境界部に該第１及び第２の液晶配向区分
の配向状態とは異なる配向状態を表す第３の液晶配向区
分（Ｃ）を有するように配向処理されていることを特徴
とする液晶表示装置。14. A first and a second opposing substrate (16,
18), a first electrode (21) and a first alignment film (22) provided on the inner surface of the first substrate, and a second electrode (24) provided on the inner surface of the second substrate. ) And a second alignment film (26), and a liquid crystal (20) inserted between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal has liquid crystal molecules The first alignment film (22) and the second alignment film (26) are composed of a liquid crystal that pretilts and twists according to the alignment treatment of the first alignment film (22) and the second alignment film (26).
Have first and second liquid crystal alignment sections (A, B) formed in each of a plurality of minute unit areas, each having an alignment direction substantially perpendicular to each other, and thus the first liquid crystal The liquid crystal molecules in the alignment section and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal alignment section are aligned so that they have a major axis direction in a parallel direction and pretilt in the opposite direction, and further, the first alignment film and The second alignment film (22, 2)
6) shows a third alignment state which is different from the alignment states of the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections at the boundary between the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections (A, B) of the minute unit area. 2. A liquid crystal display device, which is subjected to an alignment treatment so as to have the liquid crystal alignment section (C).
該第１及び第２の液晶配向区分の液晶の分子よりも電圧
印加による立ち上がりが大きくなるようになっているこ
とを特徴とする請求項１４に記載の液晶表示装置。15. A liquid crystal molecule of the third liquid crystal alignment section has a larger rise by voltage application than a liquid crystal molecule of the first and second liquid crystal alignment sections. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3338807A JP2619579B2 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1991-12-20 | Liquid crystal display |
| US07/993,390 US5473455A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1992-12-18 | Domain divided liquid crystal display device with particular pretilt angles and directions in each domain |
| DE69221102T DE69221102T2 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1992-12-18 | Liquid crystal display device with different divided orientation areas |
| EP92311605A EP0549283B1 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1992-12-18 | Liquid crystal display device with differing alignment domains |
| KR1019920024902A KR970009406B1 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1992-12-21 | Liquid crystal display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3338807A JP2619579B2 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1991-12-20 | Liquid crystal display |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05173138A true JPH05173138A (en) | 1993-07-13 |
| JP2619579B2 JP2619579B2 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
Family
ID=18321654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3338807A Expired - Lifetime JP2619579B2 (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1991-12-20 | Liquid crystal display |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2619579B2 (en) |
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| US5710611A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1998-01-20 | Nec Corporation | Liquid crystal display apparatus preventing image on screen from influences of disclination line |
| KR19980036470A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-08-05 | 손욱 | LCD panel |
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| KR100298330B1 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 2001-10-24 | 구본준, 론 위라하디락사 | Method for manufacturing liquid crystal display |
| KR100605329B1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2006-07-28 | 에이유 오프트로닉스 코퍼레이션 | Display panel device, display panel unit and display device |
| US7092055B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2006-08-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5579141A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1996-11-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having regions with different pretilt angles |
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