JPH05148435A - Method for erasing erasable water-soluble ink script - Google Patents

Method for erasing erasable water-soluble ink script

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Publication number
JPH05148435A
JPH05148435A JP3340186A JP34018691A JPH05148435A JP H05148435 A JPH05148435 A JP H05148435A JP 3340186 A JP3340186 A JP 3340186A JP 34018691 A JP34018691 A JP 34018691A JP H05148435 A JPH05148435 A JP H05148435A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
complex
acid
molybdenum
ink
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3340186A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Isao Konuki
勲 小貫
Hiromi Sano
博美 佐野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pentel Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Pentel Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pentel Co Ltd filed Critical Pentel Co Ltd
Priority to JP3340186A priority Critical patent/JPH05148435A/en
Publication of JPH05148435A publication Critical patent/JPH05148435A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To readily erase a script in a short time without-damaging a cloth by using a solution prepared by dissolving a specific acid in water and an organic solvent for erasing the script written with an erasable water-soluble ink composition containing a catechol-molybdenum complex, etc., as a colorant. CONSTITUTION:A script written with an erasable ink containing a water-soluble colored complex selected from a complex of catechol and its sulfonic acid-based derivative with molybdenum and a complex hydroxyquinoline and its sulfonic acid-based derivative with molybdenum is erased with a solution prepared by dissolving an acid (e.g. acetic acid or citric acid) having 1.5-5 acid dissociation index in the first stage in water at 25 deg.C in water and/or a water-soluble organic solvent. Furthermore, e.g. catechol-3-sulfonic acid molybdenum complex and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid-molybdenum complex are cited as the water- soluble colored complex.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、色材として錯体を用い
たインキ筆跡の消去方法に関する。更に詳しくは、一般
に、服や着物を作る際、型紙の図形などを布に筆記する
とき使用し、裁断後は、この筆跡を消去できる所謂チャ
コマ−カ−のインキ(以下、チャコマ−カ−インキとす
る)に使用する水溶性インキ筆跡の消去方法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for erasing ink handwriting using a complex as a coloring material. More specifically, it is generally used when writing a pattern or the like on a cloth when making clothes or kimono, and after cutting, so-called chacoma ink (hereinafter, chacoma ink) capable of erasing the handwriting. The method for erasing water-soluble ink handwriting used for

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】布地に文字や線、記号などを描写し、使
用後消去するインキとしては、pH指示薬や酸化還元指
示薬を色材としたチャコマ−カ−インキがあるが、通常
の染料インキ程度の筆跡濃度を出すことは非常に難しい
ため、布地の色、柄などによっては筆跡が判読しにくい
ものであった。更に、空気中の炭酸ガスや酸素などの影
響を受けやすく、筆跡が経時により退色してしまうもの
であった。
2. Description of the Related Art As an ink for drawing characters, lines, symbols, etc. on a cloth and erasing after use, there is a chacoma ink which uses a pH indicator or a redox indicator as a coloring material, but it is about a normal dye ink. Since it is very difficult to obtain the handwriting density, it was difficult to read the handwriting depending on the color and pattern of the fabric. Further, the handwriting is easily affected by carbon dioxide gas and oxygen in the air, and the handwriting is discolored over time.

【0003】本願出願人は、上記インキの問題点である
筆跡濃度が薄いことと、この筆跡が経時で退色してしま
うことを解決し、水により簡単に消去できる水溶性イン
キ組成物として、特願平3−212933号に、色材と
してカテコ−ル及びそのスルホン酸系誘導体とモリブデ
ンとの錯体、ヒドロキシキノリン及びそのスルホン酸系
誘導体とモリブデンとの錯体より選択される水溶性有色
錯体を少なくとも1種類以上含む消去性水溶性インキ組
成物(以下、錯体インキとする)を提案した。
The applicant of the present invention has been able to solve the problems of the above ink, that is, the handwriting density is low and that the handwriting is discolored over time, and it has been confirmed that the water-soluble ink composition can be easily erased with water. In Japanese Patent Application No. 3-212933, at least one water-soluble colored complex selected from catechol and its sulfonic acid derivative and molybdenum complex, and hydroxyquinoline and its sulfonic acid derivative and molybdenum complex are used as coloring materials. An erasable water-soluble ink composition containing more than one type (hereinafter referred to as a complex ink) was proposed.

【発明が解決しようとする課題】[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

【0004】上記の錯体インキは多種多様な布に明瞭に
筆記でき、経時退色もなく、水洗いで簡単に洗い流すこ
とが出来るインキであるが、一部、薬品を残留した特別
なプリント布地では、筆跡を完全に洗い流すまでに長い
時間を要するということが判った。
The above complex ink is an ink that can be clearly written on a wide variety of cloths, does not fade over time, and can be easily washed off by washing with water. It has been found that it takes a long time to completely wash away.

【0005】また、チャコマ−カ−インキの用途上、そ
の筆記及び筆跡消去に際して、布地や、プリント柄など
をいためるこいとは好ましくない。そこで、水洗いでは
短時間に洗い流せないプリント布地に書いた錯体インキ
の筆跡を、短時間に容易に消去でき、布地やプリント柄
をいためない筆跡の消去方法を得ることを課題とした。
In addition, it is not preferable to damage the fabric or the print pattern when writing and erasing the handwriting because of the use of the chakoma-car ink. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of erasing the handwriting of complex ink written on a printed fabric which cannot be washed off in a short time easily by washing in a short time, and which does not damage the fabric or the print pattern.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、色材としてカ
テコ−ル及びそのスルホン酸系誘導体とモリブデンとの
錯体、ヒドロキシキノリン及びそのスルホン酸系誘導体
とモリブデンとの錯体より選択される水溶性有色錯体を
少なくとも1種類以上含む水溶性インキ組成物により筆
記した筆跡を、25℃の水中の第1段酸解離指数(以
下、pKa1と略記する)が1.5〜5.0の範囲にある
酸を水及び/または水溶性有機溶剤に溶解した溶液で消
去するようなした消去性水溶性インキ筆跡の消去方法を
要旨とする。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a water-soluble coloring material selected from catechol and its sulfonic acid derivative and molybdenum complex, and hydroxyquinoline and its sulfonic acid derivative and molybdenum complex. The handwriting written with a water-soluble ink composition containing at least one kind of colored complex has a first-stage acid dissociation index (hereinafter abbreviated as pKa 1 ) in water at 25 ° C. of 1.5 to 5.0. A erasable water-soluble ink handwriting erasing method in which a certain acid is erased with a solution in which water and / or a water-soluble organic solvent is dissolved.

【0007】錯体インキ中の色材である水溶性有色錯体
は、カテコ−ルモノスルホン酸−モリブデン錯体として
カテコ−ル−3−スルホン酸−モリブデン錯体、カテコ
−ル−4−スルホン酸−モリブデン錯体、カテコ−ルモ
ノスルホン酸塩−モリブデン錯体としてカテコ−ル−3
−スルホン酸塩−モリブデン錯体、カテコ−ル−4−ス
ルホン酸塩−モリブデン錯体、カテコ−ルジスルホン酸
−モリブデン錯体としてはカテコ−ル3,5−ジスルホ
ン酸−モリブデン錯体、カテコ−ルジスルホン酸塩−モ
リブデン錯体としてカテコ−ル−3,5−ジスルホン酸
塩−モリブデン錯体、ヒドロキシキノリンスルホン酸−
モリブデン錯体として8−ヒドロキシキノリン−5−ス
ルホン酸−モリブデン錯体、ヒドロキシキノリンスルホ
ン酸塩−モリブデン錯体として8−ヒドロキシキノリン
−5−スルホン酸塩−モリブデン錯体、カテコ−ル−モ
リブデン錯体としてカテコ−ル−モリブデン錯体、カテ
コ−ル−モリブデン錯体塩としてカテコ−ル−モリブデ
ン錯体塩などが挙げられる。ここで塩とは、ナトリウ
ム、カリウム、リチウムなどのアルカリ金属塩を示す。
尚、インキには色材を水や水溶性有機溶剤に溶かして得
ることができるが、その他定着性や粘度を調整する樹
脂、各種公知の活性剤、防腐剤、防錆剤、pH調整剤を
などを添加することもできる。
The water-soluble colored complex which is a coloring material in the complex ink is a catechol-3-sulfonic acid-molybdenum complex as a catechol monosulfonic acid-molybdenum complex, a catechol-4-sulfonic acid-molybdenum complex, Catechol-3 as a catechol monosulfonate-molybdenum complex
-Sulfonate-molybdenum complex, catechol-4-sulfonate-molybdenum complex, catechol 3,5-disulfonic acid-molybdenum complex as catechol disulfonic acid-molybdenum complex, catechol disulfonate-molybdenum As the complex, catechol-3,5-disulfonate-molybdenum complex, hydroxyquinolinesulfonic acid-
8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid-molybdenum complex as a molybdenum complex, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid-molybdenum complex as a hydroxyquinoline sulfonate-molybdenum complex, catechol-catechol-as a molybdenum complex Examples of molybdenum complexes and catechol-molybdenum complex salts include catechol-molybdenum complex salts. Here, the salt means an alkali metal salt such as sodium, potassium and lithium.
The ink can be obtained by dissolving a coloring material in water or a water-soluble organic solvent, but other resins such as a resin that adjusts the fixability and viscosity, various known activators, antiseptics, rust preventives, and pH adjusters can be used. Etc. can also be added.

【0008】プリント布地は無色または単一色調に染色
した糸を織り、布にした後にインキを転写して模様を付
けるが、このインキが染料インキの場合は、インキの定
着性を高めるために、定着剤を布に付けた後にインキを
転写させる。この定着剤には一般にポリアミン系化合物
が使われ、インキを転写した後は水洗等により洗い流さ
れるが、洗いが不十分でプリント布地にポリアミン系化
合物が残ってしまうものも多い。このようなポリアミン
系化合物が残留したプリント布地に錯体インキで筆記す
ると、ポリアミン系化合物と錯体インキ中の色材とが反
応して布地に定着してしまい、水洗で洗い落とすには時
間がかかってしまう。
The printed cloth is woven with threads dyed in a colorless or single tone, and after the cloth is formed, the ink is transferred to form a pattern. When the ink is a dye ink, in order to improve the fixing property of the ink, After applying the fixing agent to the cloth, the ink is transferred. A polyamine compound is generally used as the fixing agent, and after the ink is transferred, it is washed off by washing with water, but in many cases, the polyamine compound remains on the print cloth due to insufficient washing. When a complex ink is used to write on a printed fabric on which such a polyamine compound remains, the polyamine compound reacts with the coloring material in the complex ink to settle on the fabric, and it takes time to wash off with water. .

【0009】25℃のpKa1が1.5〜5.0の範囲に
ある酸とは、一塩基酸または多塩基酸が水中にて解離す
るにあたり、1段階の電離に対して与えられる酸解離定
数が1.5〜5.0の範囲にあるものであり、これらは
錯体インキの消去剤として働くもので、具体的には酢酸
(pKa1=4.757)、くえん酸(pKa1=3.12
8)、琥珀酸(pKa1=4.207)、乳酸(pKa1
3.862)、フマル酸(pKa1=3.019)、酒石
酸(pKa1=3.036)、マロン酸(pKa1=2.8
55)、マレイン酸(pKa1=1.929)などがあ
り、1種または2種混合したものを水、水溶性有機溶剤
あるいは水と水溶性有機溶剤の混合溶液に溶かして使用
することができる。
An acid having a pKa 1 at 25 ° C. in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 means an acid dissociation given to one step of ionization when a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid dissociates in water. The constants are in the range of 1.5 to 5.0, and these act as erasing agents for complex inks. Specifically, acetic acid (pKa 1 = 4.757) and citric acid (pKa 1 = 3). .12
8), succinic acid (pKa 1 = 4.207), lactic acid (pKa 1 =
3.862), fumaric acid (pKa 1 = 3.019), tartaric acid (pKa 1 = 3.036), malonic acid (pKa 1 = 2.8)
55), maleic acid (pKa 1 = 1.929), etc., which can be used by dissolving one or a mixture of two in water, a water-soluble organic solvent or a mixed solution of water and a water-soluble organic solvent. .

【0010】[0010]

【作用】これらの酸が消去剤として働くのは、布地に残
留したポリアミン系化合物と錯体インキとの結合に作用
し、この結合を切るためである。また、くえん酸、琥珀
酸、乳酸、フマル酸、酒石酸、マロン酸、マレイン酸は
錯化合物のモリブデンと反応して無色の錯体を作るた
め、更に消去性を確実になすことができる。ここで、こ
れらの酸は第1段酸解離指数が1.5〜5.0の弱酸な
ので布地やプリント柄をいためることなく布地に定着し
てしまった錯体インキの筆跡の消去できる。尚、プリン
ト布地に限らず、ポリアミン系化合物が残留していない
布に錯体インキで筆記した筆跡も同様に消去することが
できる。
The action of these acids as an erasing agent is to act on the bond between the polyamine compound remaining on the fabric and the complex ink, and to break this bond. Further, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, and maleic acid react with the complex compound molybdenum to form a colorless complex, so that the erasability can be further ensured. Here, since these acids are weak acids having a first stage acid dissociation index of 1.5 to 5.0, the handwriting of the complex ink fixed on the fabric can be erased without damaging the fabric or the print pattern. It should be noted that not only the printed cloth but also the handwriting written with the complex ink on the cloth on which the polyamine compound does not remain can be similarly erased.

【0011】[0011]

【実施例】本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する
が、実施例、比較例中に単に「部」とあるのは「重量
部」を示す。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. In the examples and comparative examples, "part" means "part by weight".

【0012】 (1)インキの製造 インキA カテコ−ル−3,5−ジスルホン酸ナトリウム(配位子) 5.0部 パラモリブデン酸アンモニウム(モリブデン酸化合物) 5.0部 エチレングリコ−ル(水溶性有機溶剤) 10.0部 水酸化ナトリウム(pH調整剤) 2.0部 水 77.9部 上記成分を撹拌、溶解して黄色インキを得た。(1) Production of Ink Ink A Catechol-3,5-disulfonic acid sodium (ligand) 5.0 parts Ammonium paramolybdate (molybdate compound) 5.0 parts Ethylene glycol (water-soluble) Organic solvent) 10.0 parts Sodium hydroxide (pH adjuster) 2.0 parts Water 77.9 parts The above components were stirred and dissolved to obtain a yellow ink.

【0013】 インキB 8−ヒドロキシキノリン−5−スルホン酸−モリブデン錯体 35.0部 ルビスコ−ルK−90(ポリビニルピロリドン、水溶性高分子、独国BASF社 製) 8.0部 グリセリン(水溶性有機溶剤) 5.0部 炭酸ナトリウム(pH調整剤) 9.0部 水 43.0部 上記成分を撹拌、溶解して黄色インキを得た。Ink B 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid-molybdenum complex 35.0 parts Rubiscol K-90 (polyvinylpyrrolidone, water-soluble polymer, manufactured by BASF, Germany) 8.0 parts Glycerin (water-soluble) Organic solvent) 5.0 parts Sodium carbonate (pH adjuster) 9.0 parts Water 43.0 parts The above components were stirred and dissolved to obtain a yellow ink.

【0014】(2)試験用サンプル 筆記用布 定着剤(堅牢度増進剤、ネオフィクス PR−70、日
華化学(株)製、ポリエチレンポリアミン系カチオン樹
脂を主成分としたもの)で処理した布(綿ブロード #
4000、日清紡(株)製)。 処理方法 定着剤2gを水60gに溶かし、50℃に温める。定着
剤溶液中に布を100g浸漬させ、10分間放置した後
引き上げて、自然乾燥させる。
(2) Sample for test Writing cloth Cloth treated with a fixing agent (fastness enhancer, Neofix PR-70, manufactured by Nichika Chemical Co., Ltd., whose main component is a polyethylene polyamine-based cationic resin) (Cotton broad #
4000, manufactured by Nisshinbo Co., Ltd.). Treatment method 2 g of the fixing agent is dissolved in 60 g of water and heated to 50 ° C. 100 g of the cloth is dipped in the fixing agent solution, left for 10 minutes, then pulled up and naturally dried.

【0015】試験用布 筆(小筆、ぺんてる(株)製)にインキA、インキBを
それぞれ染み込ませ、筆記用布(大きさ 15cm×1
5cmに切ったもの)に、長さ10cm、巾0.5mm
の線を10本筆記し、24時間放置したもの。
A test cloth brush (small brush, manufactured by Pentel Co., Ltd.) is impregnated with ink A and ink B, and a writing cloth (size 15 cm × 1) is used.
5 cm), length 10 cm, width 0.5 mm
I wrote 10 lines and left for 24 hours.

【0016】(3)消去剤 実施例1 くえん酸 1部 水 99部 を混合溶解して、くえん酸消去剤を得た。(3) Elimination agent Example 1 Citric acid 1 part Water 99 parts were mixed and dissolved to obtain a citric acid elimination agent.

【0017】実施例2 酒石酸 1部 プロピレングリコール(水溶性有機溶剤) 10部 水 89部 上記成分を混合溶解して、酒石酸消去剤を得た。Example 2 Tartaric acid 1 part Propylene glycol (water-soluble organic solvent) 10 parts Water 89 parts The above components were mixed and dissolved to obtain a tartaric acid elimination agent.

【0018】実施例3 マロン酸 0.2部 マレイン酸 0.2部 水 99.6部 上記成分を混合溶解して、マロン酸・マレイン酸混合消
去剤を得た。
Example 3 Malonic acid 0.2 parts Maleic acid 0.2 parts Water 99.6 parts The above components were mixed and dissolved to obtain a malonic acid / maleic acid mixture-eliminating agent.

【0019】実施例4 くえん酸 10部 水 90部 上記成分を混合溶解して、マロン酸・マレイン酸混合消
去剤を得た。
Example 4 Citric acid 10 parts Water 90 parts The above components were mixed and dissolved to obtain a malonic acid / maleic acid mixed erasing agent.

【0020】比較例1 水のみ 比較例2 プロピレングリコールの10重量%水溶液 比較例3 塩酸の0.2重量%水溶液Comparative Example 1 Water only Comparative Example 2 10% by weight aqueous solution of propylene glycol Comparative Example 3 0.2% by weight aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid

【0021】上記実施例1〜3、比較例1〜3の消去剤
を各100mlのビーカーに入れ、試験布を入れ、25
℃中にて30分放置した後引き上げて乾燥させた。実施
例4の消去剤をサインペン(ぺんてる(株)製)に充填
し、試験布の筆跡をなぞり約30分間放置した。それぞ
れの試験布の筆記線の消え具合いを目視で判定した(消
去剤の温度は25℃)。また、布地の強度を引張試験
(レオメ−タ−、不動工業(株)製)により調べた。更
に、プリント柄の変色の有無を目視により判定した。結
果を表1に示す。
Each of the erasing agents of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was placed in a beaker of 100 ml, and a test cloth was placed therein.
It was left at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes and then pulled up and dried. The eraser of Example 4 was filled in a felt-tip pen (manufactured by Pentel Co., Ltd.), and the handwriting of the test cloth was traced and left for about 30 minutes. The degree of disappearance of the writing line of each test cloth was visually determined (the erasing agent temperature was 25 ° C.). In addition, the strength of the fabric was examined by a tensile test (Rheometer, manufactured by Fudo Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Furthermore, the presence or absence of discoloration of the print pattern was visually determined. The results are shown in Table 1.

【0022】[0022]

【表1】 消去性 ○:完全に消えたもの ×:筆跡が残ったもの 布の引張強度 ○:変化のないもの ×:弱くなったもの プリント柄の変色 ○:変化のないもの ×:色あせたもの[Table 1] Erasability ○: Completely erased ×: Handwriting remains Tensile strength of cloth ○: No change ×: Weakened print pattern discoloration ○: No change ×: Faded

【0023】以上のように本発明の消去方法は、定着剤
(堅牢度増進剤)が残留した布に、カテコ−ル及びその
スルホン酸系誘導体とモリブデンとの錯体、ヒドロキシ
キノリン及びそのスルホン酸系誘導体とモリブデンとの
錯体より選択される水溶性有色錯体を、少なくとも1種
類以上含むことを特徴とした水溶性インキ組成物で筆記
しても、筆跡を短時間に容易に消去することができ、布
地やプリント柄をいためることがないものである。
As described above, according to the erasing method of the present invention, the cloth having the fixing agent (fastness enhancer) remaining thereon is treated with catechol, a complex of sulfonic acid derivative thereof and molybdenum, hydroxyquinoline and sulfonic acid derivative thereof. Even when writing with a water-soluble ink composition characterized by containing at least one kind of water-soluble colored complex selected from the complex of a derivative and molybdenum, the handwriting can be easily erased in a short time, It does not damage the fabric or print pattern.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 色材としてカテコ−ル及びそのスルホン
酸系誘導体とモリブデンとの錯体、ヒドロキシキノリン
及びそのスルホン酸系誘導体とモリブデンとの錯体より
選択される水溶性有色錯体を少なくとも1種類以上含む
消去性水溶性インキにより筆記した筆跡を、25℃の水
中の第1段酸解離指数が1.5〜5.0の範囲にある酸
を水及び/または水溶性有機溶剤に溶解した溶液で消去
するようなした消去性水溶性インキ筆跡の消去方法。
1. A colorant containing at least one water-soluble colored complex selected from catechol and a complex of sulfonic acid derivative thereof and molybdenum, and hydroxyquinoline and a complex of sulfonic acid derivative thereof and molybdenum. Erasing handwriting written with an erasable water-soluble ink with a solution of an acid having a first-stage acid dissociation index in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 in water at 25 ° C dissolved in water and / or a water-soluble organic solvent Erasable water-soluble ink handwriting erasing method.
JP3340186A 1991-11-28 1991-11-28 Method for erasing erasable water-soluble ink script Pending JPH05148435A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3340186A JPH05148435A (en) 1991-11-28 1991-11-28 Method for erasing erasable water-soluble ink script

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3340186A JPH05148435A (en) 1991-11-28 1991-11-28 Method for erasing erasable water-soluble ink script

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05148435A true JPH05148435A (en) 1993-06-15

Family

ID=18334545

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3340186A Pending JPH05148435A (en) 1991-11-28 1991-11-28 Method for erasing erasable water-soluble ink script

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH05148435A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5574538A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-11-12 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member forming processing situation mark
US5813344A (en) * 1994-10-24 1998-09-29 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5574538A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-11-12 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member forming processing situation mark
USRE37645E1 (en) 1994-09-26 2002-04-09 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member forming processing situation mark
US5813344A (en) * 1994-10-24 1998-09-29 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus for removing image forming substance from image holding member

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