JPH05139310A - Brake device for rolling stock - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To develop the superior faculty as ordinary/emergent brake by elastically supporting an electromagnet for generating an attractive force between a rail, on a bogie by an elastic supporting device and holding the electrmagnet and the rail, keeping a prescribed interval, by a holding device. CONSTITUTION:An electromagnet 2 is supported on a bogie frame 1 by a spring 6 as elastic supporting device, and when the electromagnet 2 conducts and is magnetized, the electromagnet 2 is shifted downward against the spring 6, and attached on a rail 5, and a brake power is generated. A hook 3 opened and closed by a pneumatic cylinder 4 is provided as a holding device for holding the electromagnet 2 in a prescribed interval for the rail 5, and when air is supplied into the pneumatic cylinder 4, the hook 3 is closed. When the hook 3 is closed, even if the electromagnet 2 is energized to be attracted on the rail 5, the hook 3 is hitched and can not be lowered, while in emergent brake application, the hook 3 is opened by discharging air from the cylinder 4, and the attractive brake action due to the energization of the electromagnet 2 is developed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は鉄道車両に使われるブレ
ーキ装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a brake device used in railway vehicles.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】電磁石とレールとの電磁誘導現象を利用
したブレーキには従来磁石がレールに吸着しないで電磁
力のみを使う 渦電流ブレーキ（以後ＥＣＢと言う）
と、吸着してレールと電磁石の間の摩擦力を利用するも
の（以後吸着ブレーキと言う）の２通りがあった。これ
らはそれぞれの次の特徴が有り、原理的に別の物であっ
た。2. Description of the Related Art An eddy current brake (hereinafter referred to as an ECB) that uses only electromagnetic force without a magnet being attracted to a rail is conventionally used for a brake that uses an electromagnetic induction phenomenon between an electromagnet and a rail.
Then, there were two types, one that adsorbs and uses the frictional force between the rail and the electromagnet (hereinafter referred to as an adsorbing brake). Each of these had the following characteristics and were different in principle.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】即ちＥＣＢは高速で相
対運動する車両に取り付けた電磁石とレールが接触しな
いので摩擦しない事と、磁石とレールとの隙間と励磁電
流の大きさは管理し易いのでブレーキ力が安定している
という利点がある。しかしながら、電磁力のみで通常要
求されるブレーキ力を得るには大きな励磁電流が必要
で、その為の電源は車両に搭載した蓄電池では不足で、
トロリーから集合した電気を利用せざるを得ない。従っ
てトロリーが停電した場合は役に立たないので非常ブレ
ーキとして使うには使頼性が十分でないという欠点があ
る。That is, in the ECB, since the electromagnet attached to the vehicle which moves relatively at high speed does not contact the rail and the rail does not cause friction, and the gap between the magnet and the rail and the magnitude of the exciting current are easy to manage. It has the advantage that the braking force is stable. However, a large exciting current is required to obtain the braking force normally required only by the electromagnetic force, and the power supply for that is insufficient for the storage battery installed in the vehicle,
There is no choice but to use electricity collected from the trolley. Therefore, when the trolley loses power, it is useless and has a drawback that it is not reliable enough to use as an emergency brake.

【０００４】一方、吸着ブレーキは、ＥＣＢとは逆に電
磁石とレールが接触するので摩擦する事と、磁石とレー
ルの隙間が無くて励磁電流の大きさは管理し易いが、摩
擦係数が不安定なのでブレーキ力が安定しないという欠
点がある。しかしながら、通常要求されるブレーキ力を
得るには小さな励磁電流で足り、その為の電源は車両に
搭載した蓄電池で十分で、トロリーから集電した電気を
利用しなくて済むのでトロリーが停電した場合も含めて
非常ブレーキとして信頼性があるという利点がある。こ
れより本発明は、これらの２種類の利点を合わせ持つブ
レーキ装置を提供することを目的とするものである。On the other hand, in the adsorption brake, the electromagnet and the rail are in contact with each other as opposed to the ECB, so that friction occurs and the magnitude of the exciting current is easy to manage because there is no gap between the magnet and the rail, but the friction coefficient is unstable. Therefore, there is a drawback that the braking force is not stable. However, a small exciting current is usually sufficient to obtain the required braking force, and the battery installed in the vehicle is sufficient as the power supply for that, and it is not necessary to use the electricity collected from the trolley. There is an advantage that it is reliable as an emergency brake including. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a braking device that combines these two advantages.

【０００５】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の鉄道車両用ブレ
ーキ装置は、レールとの接触面を備え励磁されるとレー
ルとの間に吸引力を発生する電磁石と、この電磁石の接
触面をレールに対向させて電車の台車に弾性的に支持す
る弾性支持装置と、前記電磁石を前記レールとの間に所
定の間隔をもって解放可能に保持する保持装置とを備え
て構成されるものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION A braking device for a railway vehicle according to the present invention comprises an electromagnet having a contact surface with a rail and generating an attractive force between the rail and the rail when excited, and the contact surface of the electromagnet being used as the rail. And a holding device that holds the electromagnet releasably at a predetermined interval between the electromagnet and the rail.

【０００６】[0006]

【作用】電磁石を保持装置に保持させた状態で励磁した
ときには、電磁石がレールに所定の間隔を保ったまま磁
力を発生するので渦電流ブレーキとして作用し、一方、
電磁石を保持装置から解放させて励磁したときには電磁
石がレールに吸着してさらに摩擦力を加えた吸着ブレー
キとして作用する。When the electromagnet is excited while being held by the holding device, the electromagnet generates a magnetic force while maintaining a predetermined interval on the rail, and thus acts as an eddy current brake.
When the electromagnet is released from the holding device and excited, the electromagnet attracts the rail and acts as an attraction brake to which a frictional force is further applied.

【０００７】[0007]

【実施例】以下に図面を参照しながら本発明の実施例を
説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【０００８】図１は本発明の代表的な実施例を示すもの
である。電磁石２は台車枠１に弾性支持装置としてのば
ね６で支持されていて、磁石２が励磁されるとばね６の
力に打ち勝って下方に動きレール５に吸着し、消磁すれ
ばばね６の力で上方に戻るが、鉛直面内に拘束するガイ
ド14が付いていて、レールの方向のブレーキ力を台車台
枠１に伝える。また、電磁石をレールに対して所定の間
隔で保持する保持装置としては、空気シリンダ４で開閉
する爪３があって、この空気シリンダ４に空気が供給さ
れている時は爪３が閉じ、抜けた時はシリンダの中のば
ねで爪３が開くように構成されている。この爪３が閉じ
ている時は電磁石２が励磁されてレール５に吸着しよう
としても爪３が引っかかって降下出来ず、所定の間隔を
保って対峙するが、開いた時は降下して吸着する。FIG. 1 shows a typical embodiment of the present invention. The electromagnet 2 is supported on the bogie frame 1 by a spring 6 as an elastic supporting device. When the magnet 2 is excited, it overcomes the force of the spring 6 and moves downward to be attracted to the rail 5, and when demagnetized, the force of the spring 6 is exerted. Although it returns to the upper side with, there is a guide 14 for restraining in the vertical plane, and the braking force in the rail direction is transmitted to the bogie underframe 1. Further, as a holding device for holding the electromagnet at a predetermined interval with respect to the rail, there is a claw 3 which is opened and closed by an air cylinder 4, and when air is supplied to the air cylinder 4, the claw 3 closes and comes off. When opened, the claw 3 is opened by a spring in the cylinder. When the claw 3 is closed, the electromagnet 2 is excited and even if an attempt is made to attract the rail 5, the claw 3 cannot be lowered because it is caught, and faces each other at a predetermined interval. .

【０００９】図２は図１のブレーキ装置のツナギ図であ
る。常用ブレーキをかける時は切り替えスイッチ11をＡ
の側に倒すと同時に可変抵抗10を調節して電動発電機８
の発生電力でブレーキ電磁石２を励磁する。非常ブレー
キをかける時はこのスイッチ11をＢの側に倒して蓄電池
９で励磁する。FIG. 2 is a jumper diagram of the brake device of FIG. When applying the service brake, set switch 11 to A
At the same time as tilting to the side of the
The brake electromagnet 2 is excited by the generated electric power. When the emergency brake is applied, the switch 11 is tilted to the B side and the storage battery 9 excites.

【００１０】いま、爪３を閉じて図２のスイッチ11をＡ
の側に倒すと電動発電機８の発生電力でブレーキ電磁石
２が励磁されて電磁力が発生してレール５に吸着しよう
とするが、爪３が妨げになって磁石２は下方には動け
ず、レールとの間に所定の間隔で保持されるため、従来
のＥＣＢと全く同じ作用をする。Now, close the claw 3 and switch the switch 11 shown in FIG.
Brake electromagnet 2 is excited by the electric power generated by the motor generator 8 to generate an electromagnetic force to be attracted to the rail 5, but the pawl 3 interferes with the magnet 2 and cannot move downward. Since it is held at a predetermined distance from the rail, it works exactly the same as a conventional ECB.

【００１１】また、非常ブレーキをかける時は図１のシ
リンダ４から空気を抜くとシリンダ内蔵のばね７がピス
トン15を戻して爪３を開く。同時に図２のスイッチ11を
Ｂの側に倒すと蓄電池９でブレーキ電磁石２が励磁され
て電磁力が発生するが、爪３が開いているので電磁力が
ばね６の力に打ち勝って下方に動いてレール５に吸着
し、従来の吸着ブレーキと全く同じ作用をする。ブレー
キが不要となった場合には、電磁石２を消磁し、シリン
ダ４に空気を込めれば磁石２はばね６の力でつり上げら
れ、爪４に引っかかって降下しなくなる。When the emergency brake is applied, when air is removed from the cylinder 4 shown in FIG. 1, the spring 7 built in the cylinder returns the piston 15 to open the pawl 3. At the same time, when the switch 11 of FIG. 2 is turned to the B side, the storage battery 9 excites the brake electromagnet 2 to generate an electromagnetic force, but since the claw 3 is open, the electromagnetic force overcomes the force of the spring 6 and moves downward. It is adsorbed to the rail 5 and acts exactly the same as a conventional adsorption brake. When the brake is no longer needed, the electromagnet 2 is demagnetized and air is introduced into the cylinder 4, so that the magnet 2 is lifted by the force of the spring 6 and is caught by the pawl 4 and does not fall.

【００１２】この様に本発明の実施例によれば、電動発
電機８が働いている時は十分な電力が得られるのでＥＣ
Ｂとして使用しても十分なブレーキ力が得られ、可変抵
抗１０を調節すればブレーキ力を自由に調節出来、磁石
２も摩耗しないから常用ブレーキに適している。また、
トロリー１２が停電していても蓄電池９と空気さえあれ
ばいつでも動作して、励磁電流は小さくても摩擦力はＥ
ＣＢのブレーキ力よりもずっと大きいので非常ブレーキ
として十分役立つ。また、非常ブレーキが利用される機
会は希で、１回のブレーキ使用時間はせいぜい30秒以内
なので磁石の摩耗は問題にならない。従って非常ブレー
キとしても好適である。As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, sufficient electric power can be obtained when the motor generator 8 is operating, so that the EC
Even when used as B, a sufficient braking force can be obtained, the braking force can be freely adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor 10, and the magnet 2 is not worn, which is suitable for a service brake. Also,
Even if the trolley 12 is out of power, the storage battery 9 and air will always work, and even if the exciting current is small, the friction force is E
Since it is much larger than the braking force of CB, it works well as an emergency brake. In addition, the emergency brake is rarely used, and the wear time of one brake is within 30 seconds at most, so the wear of the magnet is not a problem. Therefore, it is also suitable as an emergency brake.

【００１３】[0013]

【発明の効果】以上説明した通り本発明によれば、電磁
石を保持装置に保持させた状態で励磁したときには、電
磁石がレールに所定の間隔を保ったまま磁力を発生する
ので渦電流ブレーキとして作用し、一方、電磁石を保持
装置から解放させて励磁したときには電磁石がレールに
吸着してさらに摩擦力を加えた吸着ブレーキとして作用
するので、常用・非常用ブレーキとしてともに優れたブ
レーキを構成することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, when the electromagnet is excited while being held by the holding device, the electromagnet generates a magnetic force while maintaining a predetermined interval on the rail, and thus acts as an eddy current brake. On the other hand, when the electromagnet is released from the holding device and excited, the electromagnet acts as an adsorption brake that attracts to the rail and further applies frictional force, so it is possible to configure an excellent brake as both a regular and emergency brake. it can.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明の実施例を示す正面図FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

【図２】図１のブレーキ装置のツナギ図である。FIG. 2 is a jumper diagram of the brake device of FIG.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１…台車枠 ２…電磁石 ３…爪
４…空気シリンダ ５…レール ６…ばね ７…ばね
１３…車輪 １４…ガイド １５…ピストン1 ... Bogie frame 2 ... Electromagnet 3 ... Claw
4 ... Air cylinder 5 ... Rail 6 ... Spring 7 ... Spring
13 ... Wheel 14 ... Guide 15 ... Piston

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 レールとの接触面を備え励磁されるとレ
ールとの間に吸引力を発生する電磁石と、この電磁石の
接触面をレールに対向させて電車の台車に弾性的に支持
する弾性支持装置と、前記電磁石を前記レールとの間に
所定の間隔をもって開放可能に保持する保持装置とを備
えて成ることを特徴とする鉄道車両用ブレーキ装置。1. An electromagnet having a contact surface with a rail and generating an attractive force between the electromagnet and the rail when excited, and an elastic material for elastically supporting a contact surface of the electromagnet on the rail so as to be elastically supported by a trolley of a train. A railway vehicle braking device comprising: a supporting device; and a holding device that holds the electromagnet so as to be opened between the rail and the rail at a predetermined interval.