JPH0511571A - Image forming device - Google Patents

Image forming device

Info

Publication number
JPH0511571A
JPH0511571A JP3189239A JP18923991A JPH0511571A JP H0511571 A JPH0511571 A JP H0511571A JP 3189239 A JP3189239 A JP 3189239A JP 18923991 A JP18923991 A JP 18923991A JP H0511571 A JPH0511571 A JP H0511571A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
image
charging
frequency
voltage
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3189239A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Manabu Takano
学 高野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP3189239A priority Critical patent/JPH0511571A/en
Publication of JPH0511571A publication Critical patent/JPH0511571A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce and eliminate the occurrence of a toner welding phenomenon and interference stripe caused by electrostatic charging noise by varying the frequency of oscillating voltage impressed on a contact electrostatic charging means in accordance with image information at the time of forming an image. CONSTITUTION:The frequency of the oscillating voltage impressed on the contact electrostatic charging means 2 is set to variable FL and FH in accordance with the image information at the time of forming the image. At a stage other than image- forming time, that is, at the stage of the prerotation of an image carrier at the time of turning on the main switch of the device, at the interval between papers in the middle of consecutive paper passing, and at the stage of the postrotation of the image carrier 1 after finishing image-forming, the frequency of the oscillating voltage impressed on the contact electrostatic charging means 2 is switched to lower frequency than necessary frequency to the utmost lowest frequency (the lowest frequency in a range where the unevenness of electrostatic charging is not caused) at the time of forming the image unless other processing is hindered. Therefore, the electrostatic charging noise is restrained to such an extent that it can not be heard actually at the stage other than image-forming time, and the noise in the device caused by the electrostatic charging noise is kept to the minimum as a whole.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、像担持体面の帯電(除
電も含む)処理手段として接触帯電手段を採用した画像
形成装置に関する。より詳しくは、直流電圧を含む振動
電圧(時間とともに電圧値が周期的に変化する電圧:正
弦波、三角波、矩形波、のこぎり波、直流電源を周期的
にON・OFFすることにより形成される矩形波電圧な
ど)を帯電部材に印加し、この帯電部材を像担持体に当
接させて像担持体面を帯電するようにした画像形成装置
に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus which employs a contact charging means as a means for charging (including discharging) the surface of an image bearing member. More specifically, an oscillating voltage including a DC voltage (a voltage whose voltage value changes periodically with time: a sine wave, a triangular wave, a rectangular wave, a sawtooth wave, a rectangle formed by periodically turning on and off a DC power supply) The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus in which a wave voltage or the like) is applied to a charging member and the charging member is brought into contact with the image carrier to charge the surface of the image carrier.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】接触帯電は電圧を印加した帯電部材を被
帯電体に当接させて被帯電体に電荷を直接的に転移(注
入)させて被帯電体面を所要の電位に帯電するもので、
帯電装置として従来より広く利用されているコロナ放電
装置に比べて、被帯電体面に所望の電位を得るのに必要
とされる印加電圧の低圧化がはかれること、帯電過程で
発生するオゾン量が極く微量でありオゾン除去フィルタ
の必要性がなくなること、そのため装置の排気系の構成
が簡略化されること、メンテナンスフリーであること、
構成が簡単であること、等の長所を有している。
2. Description of the Related Art In contact charging, a charging member to which a voltage is applied is brought into contact with an object to be charged to directly transfer (inject) the charge to the object to charge the surface of the object to a required potential. ,
Compared with the corona discharge device that has been widely used as a charging device, the applied voltage required to obtain a desired potential on the surface of the body to be charged can be lowered, and the amount of ozone generated during the charging process is extremely low. It is a very small amount and the need for an ozone removal filter is eliminated, therefore the configuration of the exhaust system of the device is simplified, and it is maintenance-free.
It has advantages such as a simple structure.

【0003】そこで、例えば、電子写真装置(複写機・
レーザービームプリンタなど)・静電記録装置等の画像
形成装置において、感光体・誘電体等の像担持体、その
他の被帯電体を帯電処理する手段としてコロナ放電装置
にかわるものとして注目され実用化もされている。
Therefore, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus (copier,
Laser beam printers, etc.) ・ In image forming devices such as electrostatic recording devices, attention has been put to practical use as a means to charge the image bearing members such as photoconductors and dielectrics, as well as other charged members, instead of the corona discharge device. It is also being done.

【0004】本出願人はこの接触帯電方法もしくは装置
に関して均一な帯電処理のため、直流電圧と振動電圧を
重畳した電圧を帯電部材(導電性部材)に印加し、この
帯電部材を被帯電体に当接させて帯電を行なう方式を先
に提案した(特開昭63−149669号公報等)。
The applicant of the present invention applies a voltage obtained by superimposing a DC voltage and an oscillating voltage to a charging member (conductive member) for uniform charging treatment in the contact charging method or apparatus, and the charging member is applied to an object to be charged. A method of contacting and charging was previously proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-149669).

【0005】図9にその一実施態様を示す。1は被帯電
体であり、例えば、矢示の時計方向に所定の周速度(プ
ロセススピード)にて回転駆動されるドラム型の電子写
真感光体・静電記録誘電体等(以下、感光ドラムと記
す)である。
FIG. 9 shows one embodiment thereof. Reference numeral 1 denotes a member to be charged, for example, a drum type electrophotographic photosensitive member, an electrostatic recording dielectric member or the like (hereinafter, referred to as a photosensitive drum) which is rotationally driven in a clockwise direction indicated by an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed (process speed). Note).

【0006】2は接触帯電部材としての導電性ローラ
(帯電ローラ)であり、芯金棒2bとその外周に形成し
た導電性ゴム製等の導電性ローラ体2aとよりなる。こ
の帯電ローラ2は芯金棒2bの両端部に夫々作用させた
押圧ばね10の押圧力Fで感光ドラム1面に対して所定
の押圧力をもって圧接しており、感光ドラム1の回転に
伴ない従動回転する。
Reference numeral 2 denotes a conductive roller (charging roller) as a contact charging member, which comprises a cored bar 2b and a conductive roller body 2a made of conductive rubber or the like formed on the outer periphery thereof. The charging roller 2 is pressed against the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 with a predetermined pressing force by the pressing force F of the pressing springs 10 acting on both ends of the core bar 2b, and is driven by the rotation of the photosensitive drum 1. Rotate.

【0007】9は帯電ローラ2に対する電圧印加電源で
あり、この電源9により帯電ローラ2の芯金2bに接触
させた接点板ばね8を介して感光体の帯電開始電圧の2
倍以上のピーク間電圧Vppを有する振動電圧Vacと
直流電圧Vdcとを重畳した電圧(Vac+Vdc)が
帯電ローラ2に印加されて、回転駆動されている感光ド
ラム1の外周面が均一に帯電される。
Reference numeral 9 is a voltage applying power source for the charging roller 2, and the charging start voltage of the photosensitive member is 2 through a contact leaf spring 8 which is brought into contact with the core metal 2b of the charging roller 2 by the power source 9.
A voltage (Vac + Vdc) obtained by superposing the oscillating voltage Vac having the peak-to-peak voltage Vpp more than twice and the DC voltage Vdc is applied to the charging roller 2, and the outer peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 1 that is rotationally driven is uniformly charged. ..

【0008】接触帯電部材は上記のようなローラ型に限
らず、ブレード型・ロッド型・ブロック型・パッド型・
ベルト型・ウエブ型・ブラシ型等の形態のものにするこ
ともできる。
The contact charging member is not limited to the roller type as described above, but may be of blade type, rod type, block type, pad type,
A belt type, a web type, a brush type or the like may be used.

【0009】このように振動電圧Vacと直流電圧Vd
cとの重畳電圧を接触帯電部材に印加して被帯電体面を
帯電する接触帯電を以下便宜上AC接触帯電方式と記
す。
Thus, the oscillating voltage Vac and the DC voltage Vd
The contact charging for charging the surface of the body to be charged by applying the superimposed voltage with c to the contact charging member will be referred to as an AC contact charging method for convenience hereinafter.

【0010】[0010]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のようなAC接触
帯電方式は被帯電体の均一な帯電処理手段として有効で
あるが、次のような問題点が挙げられている。 (1)帯電音 被帯電体と電圧を印加して被帯電体に接触させた接触帯
電部材との間には電界が発生して電気的な力が生じる。
AC接触帯電方式のように印加電圧に振動電圧(以下、
AC電圧と記す)成分を含む場合はその電気的な力がA
C電圧成分の電圧変化に対応して強弱変化するために被
帯電体に振動を引き起こし「帯電音」と呼ばれる騒音の
発生をみる。この帯電音は比較的耳障りであり装置騒音
として感じられる。 (2)トナー融着現象 被帯電体と接触帯電部材との間にゴミ等の異物が介在し
たときは上記の振動による力学的な力や電気的な力によ
り被帯電体の表面に押し付けられて強固に付着して画像
形成装置にあっては像担持体に対する所謂トナー融着現
象を生じさせることになる。 (3)干渉縞 画像形成装置にあっては面移動する被帯電体としての像
担持体を接触帯電処理したときの像担持体上の暗部電位
は、印加電源の交流成分の周波数f0 とプロセススピー
ドVP (像担持体)の面移動速度で決まる空間波長λs
p(VP /f0 )のサイクルマークと呼ばれる帯電斑を
有している。
The AC contact charging method as described above is effective as a means for uniformly charging an object to be charged, but has the following problems. (1) Charging Sound An electric field is generated between the member to be charged and the contact charging member which is brought into contact with the member to which a voltage is applied to generate an electric force.
Vibration voltage (hereinafter,
If it contains a component), its electric force is A
The strength of the C voltage component changes correspondingly to the voltage change, so that the charged body is vibrated, and noise called "charging sound" is generated. This charging sound is relatively offensive to the ears and is perceived as device noise. (2) Toner fusion phenomenon When foreign matter such as dust is present between the charged body and the contact charging member, it is pressed against the surface of the charged body by the mechanical force or electric force due to the above vibration. When the image forming apparatus adheres firmly, it causes a so-called toner fusion phenomenon on the image carrier. (3) Interference fringes In the image forming apparatus, the dark part potential on the image carrier when the image carrier, which is a surface-moved member to be charged, is subjected to the contact charging process, and the dark part potential on the image carrier is the frequency f 0 of the AC component of the applied power source Spatial wavelength λs determined by the surface movement speed of speed V P (image carrier)
It has a charging spot called a cycle mark of p (V P / f 0 ).

【0011】この空間波長λspと、像担持体に対して
ライン走査によりレーザーのONで副走査方向にn個の
dot(ライン幅ndots)を露光した後レーザーO
FFにより副走査方向にm個のdot分のspaceを
あけることを繰り返し、横線パターン画像を形成したと
きのレーザーがOFFからOFFまでの長さL(ライン
ピッチ)とが、ほぼ等しくなり両者の位相が一致すると
互いに干渉を起こしモアレ像と呼ばれる「干渉縞」とな
り画像上に現れる。
This spatial wavelength λsp is used to turn on the laser by line scanning the image carrier to expose n dots (line width ndots) in the sub-scanning direction.
Repeating the opening of m dots in the sub-scanning direction by the FF, the length L (line pitch) from OFF to OFF of the laser when a horizontal line pattern image is formed becomes almost equal, and the phases of both are When the two coincide with each other, they interfere with each other to form "interference fringes" called moire images, which appear on the image.

【0012】本発明は、像担持体面の帯電処理手段とし
てAC接触帯電方式を採用した画像形成装置について、
上記(1)の帯電音や(2)のトナー融着現象や(3)
干渉縞の発生を低減化もしくは解消することを目的とす
る。
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus adopting an AC contact charging system as a charging processing means for the surface of an image carrier,
The charging noise of (1), the toner fusion phenomenon of (2), and (3)
The purpose is to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of interference fringes.

【0013】[0013]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、像担持体面に
接触させ直流電圧を含む振動電圧を印加して像担持体面
の帯電を行う接触帯電手段を有する画像形成装置におい
て、上記接触帯電手段に印加する振動電圧の周波数を画
像形成時の画像情報に応じて可変とすることを特徴とす
る画像形成装置、である。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an image forming apparatus having a contact charging means for charging the image bearing surface by applying an oscillating voltage including a DC voltage to the image bearing surface so as to charge the image bearing surface. An image forming apparatus, wherein a frequency of an oscillating voltage applied to the image forming apparatus is variable according to image information during image formation.

【0014】[0014]

【作用】像担持体面の帯電処理手段として、直流電圧を
含む振動電圧を印加した帯電部材を像担持体面に接触さ
せて像担持体面の帯電を行うAC接触帯電方式を採用し
た画像形成装置について、接触帯電手段に印加する振動
電圧の周波数を可変とし、画像形成時以外の行程時、す
なわち装置のメインスイッチを入れたときの像担持体の
前回転行程時、連続通紙中の紙間、画像形成終了後の像
担持体の後回転行程時等の画像形成時以外の行程時は接
触帯電手段に印加する振動電圧の周波数を画像形成時に
は必要な周波数よりも他に支障が出ない限り可及的に低
い周波数(帯電ムラの発生しない範囲で最も低い周波
数;画像形成時以外は画像形成は行っていないため帯電
の周波数をモアレ像干渉縞等が発生する領域まで下げる
ことが可能である)に切り替えることで少なくとも画像
形成時以外の行程時には帯電音を実際上聞き取れないも
のに低めることができ、帯電音による装置騒音を全体的
に最少限に抑えることができる。
An image forming apparatus adopting an AC contact charging method for charging the surface of an image carrier by bringing a charging member, to which an oscillating voltage including a DC voltage is applied, into contact with the surface of the image carrier as a charging means for charging the surface of the image carrier, The frequency of the oscillating voltage applied to the contact charging means is made variable, during the process other than image formation, that is, during the pre-rotation process of the image carrier when the main switch of the apparatus is turned on, the interval between continuous sheets, the image During processes other than image formation, such as the post-rotation process of the image carrier after formation, the frequency of the oscillating voltage applied to the contact charging means is possible as long as the frequency does not interfere with the frequency necessary for image formation. Low frequency (lowest frequency in the range where uneven charging does not occur; since image formation is not performed except during image formation, the charging frequency can be lowered to a region where moire image interference fringes etc. occur) At least at the time of stroke other than the image forming can be lowered to those inaudible practice the charging noise, the device noise due to charging noise can be totally suppressed to minimum by switching.

【0015】又、画像形成時以外の行程時に上記のよう
に接触帯電手段に印加する振動電圧の周波数を低い状態
に切り替えることで像担持体と帯電部材の振動も最少限
に抑えることができるためトナー融着による画像欠陥を
抑えることができる。
Further, the vibration of the image carrier and the charging member can be suppressed to a minimum by switching the frequency of the oscillating voltage applied to the contact charging means to a low state during the process other than the image formation. Image defects due to toner fusion can be suppressed.

【0016】[0016]

【実施例】【Example】

〈実施例1〉(図1〜図4) (1)画像形成装置例 図1は本発明に従う画像形成装置の一例の概略構成図で
ある。本例の画像形成装置は像担持体の帯電手段として
接触帯電装置を用いた電子写真プロセスによるレーザー
ビームプリンタである。
<Embodiment 1> (FIGS. 1 to 4) (1) Example of image forming apparatus FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. The image forming apparatus of this example is a laser beam printer by an electrophotographic process using a contact charging device as a charging means of an image carrier.

【0017】1は像担持体としての回転ドラム型の感光
体(感光ドラム)であり、矢示の時計方向に所定のプロ
セススピードVP (周速度)をもって回転駆動される。
Reference numeral 1 denotes a rotary drum type photoconductor (photosensitive drum) as an image bearing member, which is rotationally driven in a clockwise direction indicated by an arrow at a predetermined process speed V P (peripheral speed).

【0018】2は接触帯電部材としての帯電ローラであ
り、前述図9のものと同様に押圧ばねで感光ドラム1面
に対して所定の押圧力をもって圧接されており、感光ド
ラム1の回転に伴ない従動回転する。そして電源9から
直流電圧Vdcに周波数f0の交流電圧Vacを重畳し
たバイアス電圧(Vdc+Vac)が接点板ばね8を介
して印加されて回転感光ドラム1周面が所定の電位に帯
電処理される。
Reference numeral 2 denotes a charging roller as a contact charging member, which is pressed against the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 with a predetermined pressing force by a pressing spring as in the case of FIG. Not driven to rotate. A bias voltage (Vdc + Vac) obtained by superimposing the AC voltage Vac of the frequency f 0 on the DC voltage Vdc is applied from the power source 9 through the contact leaf spring 8 to charge the peripheral surface of the rotating photosensitive drum 1 to a predetermined potential.

【0019】3はレーザービームスキャナであり、不図
示のホスト装置から入力された目的画像の時系列電気デ
ジタル画素信号に対応して一定の印字密度Ddpiで画
像変調されたレーザー光3aを出力する。そして前記の
ように帯電処理された感光ドラム1面がコントローラに
より制御されたスキャナ3から出力されるレーザー光3
aで主走査露光されることで感光ドラム1面に目的画像
情報に対応した静電潜像が形成される。
A laser beam scanner 3 outputs a laser beam 3a which is image-modulated with a constant printing density Ddpi corresponding to a time-series electric digital pixel signal of a target image input from a host device (not shown). The surface of the photosensitive drum 1 that has been charged as described above is output from the scanner 3 controlled by the controller.
By performing main scanning exposure with a, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the target image information is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1.

【0020】この潜像は次いで現像装置の現像スリーブ
4でトナー現像され、その現像像が不図示の給紙部から
適切なタイミングで感光ドラム1と転写ローラ5との間
の転写部へ導入された転写材7に対して転写されてい
く。
Next, the latent image is developed with toner by the developing sleeve 4 of the developing device, and the developed image is introduced from a sheet feeding section (not shown) to the transfer section between the photosensitive drum 1 and the transfer roller 5 at an appropriate timing. It is transferred to the transfer material 7.

【0021】転写部を通った転写材7は感光ドラム1面
から分離されて不図示の像定着部へ搬送される。像転写
後の感光ドラム1面はクリーニングブレード6により転
写残りトナー等の付着汚染物の除去を受けて清浄面化さ
れて繰り返して作像に供される。 (2)AC電圧成分の周波数、干渉縞、帯電音の関係
(図3・図4) AC接触帯電方式で帯電処理した感光ドラム1の暗部電
位は、印加電圧のAC電圧成分Vacの周波数f0 とプ
ロセススピードVP (感光ドラム1の面移動速度)で決
まる空間波長λsp(VP /f0)のサイクルマークと
呼ばれる帯電斑を有している。
The transfer material 7 that has passed through the transfer portion is separated from the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 and is conveyed to an image fixing portion (not shown). After the image transfer, the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is cleaned by a cleaning blade 6 to remove adhering contaminants such as untransferred toner, and is repeatedly used for image formation. (2) Relationship between frequency of AC voltage component, interference fringes, and charging sound (FIGS. 3 and 4) The dark potential of the photosensitive drum 1 charged by the AC contact charging method is the frequency f 0 of the AC voltage component Vac of the applied voltage. And a charging spot called a cycle mark having a spatial wavelength λsp (V P / f 0 ) determined by the process speed V P (surface moving speed of the photosensitive drum 1).

【0022】そして感光ドラム1に対してライン走査に
よりレーザーのONで副走査方向にn個のdot(ドッ
ト、ライン幅n dots)を露光した後、レーザーO
FFにより副走査方向にm個のdot分のspace
(スペース)をあけることを繰り返して横線パターン画
像を形成したときのレーザーのOFFからOFFまでの
長さL(ラインピッチ)と、上記の空間波長λspとが
ほぼ等しくなり、両者Lとλspの位相が一致すると互
いに干渉を起こしモアレ像と呼ばれる「干渉縞」とな
る。
The photosensitive drum 1 is line-scanned to turn on the laser to expose n dots (dots, line width n dots) in the sub-scanning direction.
Space for m dots in the sub-scanning direction by FF
The length L (line pitch) from the laser OFF to the time when the horizontal line pattern image is formed by repeatedly opening (space) and the above spatial wavelength λsp are substantially equal to each other, and the phase of both L and λsp When they coincide with each other, they interfere with each other to form "interference fringes" called moire images.

【0023】本実施例のレーザービームプリンタでは印
字密度(解像度)Dは600dpiであり、感光ドラム
1はアルミニウム製のドラム基体1bの外周面に感光体
層1aとして有機光導電体(OPC)層を形成してなる
外径30(mm)のもので、所定のプロセススピード
(周速度)VP =50(mm/sec)をもって回転駆
動される。帯電ローラ2は芯金棒2bの外周をカーボン
分散のEPDM・ウレタン等からなる導電性ローラ体で
形成された外径12(mm)のローラであり、この帯電
ローラ2に直流電圧Vdcに交流電圧Vacを重畳した
バイアス電圧を印加している。
In the laser beam printer of this embodiment, the printing density (resolution) D is 600 dpi, and the photosensitive drum 1 has an organic photoconductor (OPC) layer as the photosensitive layer 1a on the outer peripheral surface of the aluminum drum base 1b. The formed outer diameter is 30 (mm) and is rotationally driven at a predetermined process speed (peripheral speed) V P = 50 (mm / sec). The charging roller 2 is a roller having an outer diameter of 12 (mm) formed by a conductive roller body made of carbon-dispersed EPDM / urethane or the like on the outer circumference of the cored bar 2b. The charging roller 2 has a DC voltage Vdc and an AC voltage Vac. The bias voltage is superimposed.

【0024】.前記直流電圧Vdcに重畳する交流電
圧Vacの周波数をf0 Hz .前記プロセススピードをVP mm/sec .ライン走査の印字密度(解像度)をDdpi .ライン走査のライン幅をndots .ラインとライン間の空隙をmspaces .1dot径をd(=25.4/D) .ラインピッチをL(=(n+m)・d) .ラインピッチの空間周波数をfS (=VP /L) とすると、前記周波数f0 (Hz)の変動範囲と、ライ
ンピッチの空間周波数fS (Hz)が重なり、それが次
の関係であると、モアレ像と呼ばれる干渉縞が発生して
しまう。
[0024]. The frequency of the AC voltage Vac superposed on the DC voltage Vdc is f 0 Hz. The process speed is V P mm / sec. The print density (resolution) of line scanning is set to Ddpi. The line width of the line scan is set to ndots. The space between the lines is defined as mspaces. 1 dot diameter is d (= 25.4 / D). The line pitch is L (= (n + m) · d). Assuming that the spatial frequency of the line pitch is f S (= VP / L), the variation range of the frequency f 0 (Hz) and the spatial frequency of the line pitch f S (Hz) overlap, which is the following relationship. Then, an interference fringe called a moire image is generated.

【0025】 fS =VP /L =VP /(n+m)・d =VP ・D/(n+m)・25.4 ……… (1) f0 =fS ………
(2) (1)式で示されるラインピッチL(mm)とラインピ
ッチの空間周波数fS(Hz)の関係を図3(グラフ
1)に示す。プロセススピードVP=50(mm/se
c)、解像度D=600(dpi)とし、n(do
t),m(space)をn:mと表示する。
F S = V P / L = V P / (n + m) · d = V P · D / (n + m) · 25.4 ... (1) f 0 = f S
(2) The relationship between the line pitch L (mm) and the spatial frequency f S (Hz) of the line pitch expressed by the equation (1) is shown in FIG. 3 (graph 1). Process speed V P = 50 (mm / se
c), the resolution D = 600 (dpi), and n (do)
t) and m (space) are represented as n: m.

【0026】この図3のグラフから分かるように空間周
波数fS (Hz)は n(dot):m(space)=1:1 の時に最大となる。この時の空間周波数fS 1 (Hz)
を(1)式により求めると、fS 1 =591(Hz)で
ある。
As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 3, the spatial frequency f S (Hz) becomes maximum when n (dot): m (space) = 1: 1. Spatial frequency f S 1 (Hz) at this time
When is calculated by the equation (1), f S 1 = 591 (Hz).

【0027】したがって帯電ローラ2に印加する交流電
圧Vacの周波数f0 がラインピッチの空間周波数fS
1 よりも大きくなるようにすれば解像度D=600(d
pi)である画像形成装置においてモアレ像干渉縞の発
生を防止することができる。よってf0 >fS 1 とすれ
ば良いのだが、電源の単部品精度のばらつきからf
0(Hz)はおよそ±10%は変動する。従って、f0
とfS 1 の差がfS 1 の変動幅10%より大きくなけれ
ばならない。
Therefore, the frequency f 0 of the AC voltage Vac applied to the charging roller 2 is the spatial frequency f S of the line pitch.
If to be greater than 1 resolution D = 600 (d
It is possible to prevent the occurrence of moire image interference fringes in the image forming apparatus of pi). Therefore, it suffices to set f 0 > f S 1 , but because of variations in the accuracy of the single component of the power supply, f 0
0 (Hz) varies by about ± 10%. Therefore, f 0
The difference between f S 1 and f S 1 must be larger than 10% of f S 1 .

【0028】図4(グラフ2)は帯電の周波数f0 の変
動と、その時のモアレ像干渉縞の発生の度合を示してい
る。この図4のグラフから分かる様に、帯電の周波数f
0 とラインピッチの空間周波数fS が一致しf0 =fS
であると画像上にモアレ像干渉縞が発生する。又、帯電
の周波数f0 を変動させた時にラインピッチの空間周数
S から±10Hz程度の領域であるとレベルは良くな
るがモアレ像干渉縞は発生する。
FIG. 4 (graph 2) shows the fluctuation of the charging frequency f 0 and the degree of occurrence of moire image interference fringes at that time. As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 4, the charging frequency f
0 and the spatial frequency f S of the line pitch match and f 0 = f S
In this case, moire image interference fringes are generated on the image. Further, when the charging frequency f 0 is varied, the level is improved in a region of about ± 10 Hz from the spatial frequency f S of the line pitch, but moire image interference fringes are generated.

【0029】以上のことからf0 とfS 1 の関係が (f0 −fS 1 )>(fS 1 /(10+10)) 程度であればモアレ像干渉縞の発生が防止できる。From the above, if the relationship between f 0 and f S 1 is (f 0 −f S 1 )> (f S 1 / (10 + 10)), the occurrence of moire image interference fringes can be prevented.

【0030】このためf0 ≧660(Hz)程度としな
ければならない。しかし帯電の周波数f0 が非常に高い
ため帯電ローラ2が感光ドラム1面をたたくことによっ
て発生する帯電音が無視できなくなり不快な雑音として
目立ってしまう。この帯電音を軽減するために帯電の周
波数f0 をできる限り低く設定する必要がある。
For this reason, f 0 ≧ 660 (Hz) must be set. However, since the charging frequency f 0 is very high, the charging sound generated by the charging roller 2 striking the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 cannot be ignored, and becomes noticeable as unpleasant noise. In order to reduce this charging noise, it is necessary to set the charging frequency f 0 as low as possible.

【0031】前述図3のグラフ中のの範囲は解像度D
=600(dti)の時の1(dot)2(space
s)の空間周波数fS 2 (Hz)と、1(dot)3
(spaces)の空間周波数fS 3 (Hz)間でモア
レ発生領域を見込んだ帯電の周波数f0 (Hz)の関係
を示している。
The range in the graph of FIG. 3 is the resolution D.
= 1 (dot) 2 (space) when = 600 (dti)
s) spatial frequency f S 2 (Hz) and 1 (dot) 3
The relationship of the charging frequency f 0 (Hz) in consideration of the moire generation region is shown between the spatial frequencies f S 3 (Hz) of (spaces).

【0032】この範囲ではモアレ発生領域を見込んだ帯
電の周波数f0 (Hz)はD=600(dpi)のfS
2 (Hz)とfS 3 (Hz)の間に収まりモアレ像干渉
縞は発生しにくくなる。
In this range, the charging frequency f 0 (Hz) in anticipation of the moire generation region is f S of D = 600 (dpi).
It falls between 2 (Hz) and f S 3 (Hz), and the moire image interference fringes are less likely to occur.

【0033】この時の空間周波数fS 2 、fS 3 と、モ
アレ発生領域を見込んだf0 (Hz)との関係は、 fS 2 =394(Hz)、 fS 3 =295.5(Hz)、 f0 =345(Hz) で、変動の範囲は380(Hz)≧f0 ≧311(H
z)である。
The relationship between the spatial frequencies f S 2 and f S 3 at this time and f 0 (Hz) in consideration of the moire generation region is as follows: f S 2 = 394 (Hz), f S 3 = 295.5 ( Hz), f 0 = 345 (Hz), and the range of fluctuation is 380 (Hz) ≧ f 0 ≧ 311 (H
z).

【0034】帯電の周波数f0 (Hz)を上記の値より
低く設定すると空間周波数fS (Hz)のラチチュード
が狭くなり、帯電の周波数f0 (Hz)のモアレ発生領
域を見込めなくなるため全ての周波数f0 (Hz)でモ
アレ像干渉縞が発生してしまう。
When the charging frequency f 0 (Hz) is set lower than the above value, the latitude of the spatial frequency f S (Hz) becomes narrower, and the moire generation region of the charging frequency f 0 (Hz) cannot be expected, so that all the areas are not generated. Moire image interference fringes occur at the frequency f 0 (Hz).

【0035】よって、f0 とfS がf0 ≠fS となり、
しかもf0 が最も低い値を示すのはf0 =345(H
z)となる。
Therefore, f 0 and f S become f 0 ≠ f S ,
Moreover it indicates lowest value f 0 is f 0 = 345 (H
z).

【0036】従来の画像形成装置では画像のパターンに
かかわらず、帯電ローラには常に一定の帯電の周波数f
0 の電圧が印加されている。つまり、帯電の周波数f0
は画像形成時でモアレ像干渉縞の発生する特定の横線パ
ターン以外(例えば文字パターンの印字)でも常にモア
レ像干渉縞の発生しない領域の周波数に設定されてい
る。このため画像形成時は常に一定の音質・音圧の帯電
音が発生している。
In the conventional image forming apparatus, the charging roller always has a constant charging frequency f regardless of the image pattern.
A voltage of 0 is applied. That is, the charging frequency f 0
Is always set to a frequency in a region where the moire image interference fringes do not occur even when a pattern other than a specific horizontal line pattern in which the moire image interference fringes occur is generated (for example, when a character pattern is printed). For this reason, a charging sound having a constant sound quality and sound pressure is always generated during image formation.

【0037】従って帯電音を最少限に抑えるためにはモ
アレ像干渉縞の発生する特定の画像パターン(例えばn
dot mspaceの横線パターン画像等)のみ帯電
の周波数をモアレ像干渉縞の発生しない高い領域に設定
し、モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン(例えば
文字パターン等)では帯電の周波数を低く設定すれば良
い。
Therefore, in order to minimize the charging noise, a specific image pattern (for example, n
If the charging frequency is set only in a high area where moire image interference fringes do not occur, and the charging frequency is set low in an image pattern (for example, a character pattern) where moire image interference fringes do not occur, good.

【0038】しかし、モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像
パターン形成時の帯電の周波数が低すぎるとドラム面上
に帯電ムラを生じてしまい、この帯電ムラによってドラ
ム面上の非画像部に余分なトナーが付着して画像上に帯
電ムラによる黒スジ状の画像欠陥が発生してしまう。こ
のため、モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン形成
時の帯電の周波数f0 は帯電ムラの生じない領域で最低
の周波数f0 とする必要がある。
However, if the charging frequency at the time of image pattern formation in which moire image interference fringes do not occur is too low, charging unevenness occurs on the drum surface, and this charging unevenness causes excess toner on the non-image portion on the drum surface. Adheres to the surface, and black stripe-shaped image defects are generated on the image due to uneven charging. For this reason, it is necessary to set the charging frequency f 0 at the time of forming an image pattern in which moire image interference fringes do not occur to the lowest frequency f 0 in a region where charging unevenness does not occur.

【0039】上記帯電ムラの生じない最低の周波数f0
を求めるために、 プロセススピードVP =50(mm/sec)、 帯電ローラ2に印加する交流電圧Vacのピーク間電圧
PP=1800(V)、 解像度D=600(dpi) として、帯電ローラ2に印加する交流の周波数f0 を変
えて測定を行ったところ、帯電の周波数f0 =150
(Hz)であればモアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パタ
ーン形成時で、帯電ムラのない帯電が可能であった。
The lowest frequency f 0 at which the above-mentioned charging unevenness does not occur
In order to obtain, the process speed V P = 50 (mm / sec), the peak-to-peak voltage V PP = 1800 (V) of the AC voltage Vac applied to the charging roller 2, and the resolution D = 600 (dpi). When the frequency f 0 of the alternating current applied to the battery was changed and the measurement was performed, the charging frequency f 0 = 150
(Hz), it was possible to perform charging without uneven charging at the time of forming an image pattern in which moire image interference fringes did not occur.

【0040】上記の条件で、モアレ像干渉縞の発生する
特定の画像パターン形成時の帯電の周波数を f0 =345(Hz) とし、モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン形成時
の帯電の周波数を f0 =150(Hz) として通紙を行い、音圧30(dB)以下の無響室で画
像形成装置より1(m)の距離で騒音計により音圧を測
定した。
Under the above conditions, the charging frequency at the time of forming a specific image pattern in which moire image interference fringes are generated is set to f 0 = 345 (Hz), and the charging frequency at the time of image pattern formation in which no moire image interference fringes are generated. Was performed at f 0 = 150 (Hz), and the sound pressure was measured by a sound level meter at a distance of 1 (m) from the image forming apparatus in an anechoic chamber having a sound pressure of 30 (dB) or less.

【0041】モアレ像干渉縞の発生する特定の画像パタ
ーン(例えば1dot 2spacesの横線パターン
画像)と、モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン
(例えば文字パターン)を繰り返し印字したところ、本
発明の構成であれば1dot2spacesの横線パタ
ーン画像形成時55(dB)、文字パターン画像形成時
50(dB)であった。
A specific image pattern in which moire image interference fringes are generated (for example, a horizontal line pattern image of 1 dot 2 spaces) and an image pattern in which no moire image interference fringes are generated (for example, a character pattern) are repeatedly printed. If there was 1 dot 2 spaces horizontal line pattern image formation was 55 (dB) and character pattern image formation was 50 (dB).

【0042】これに対し、従来の画像形成装置であると
常に一定の帯電の周波数で帯電を行っているため1do
t 2spacesの横線パターン画像形成時、文字パ
ターン画像形成時共に、55(dB)である。
On the other hand, in the conventional image forming apparatus, charging is always performed at a constant charging frequency, so that 1 do
It is 55 (dB) both when the horizontal line pattern image of t 2 spaces is formed and when the character pattern image is formed.

【0043】この結果より本発明では従来の画像形成装
置よりも文字パターン画像形成時で−5(dB)の音圧
の低減が図られたことになる。
As a result, in the present invention, the sound pressure at the time of forming the character pattern image is reduced by -5 (dB) as compared with the conventional image forming apparatus.

【0044】しかし、騒音計で測定した音圧(dB)と
人間の聴覚は必ずしも一致せず、しかも帯電音は画像形
成装置のモータ駆動音、スキャナの回転音、紙の給紙音
等の様々な騒音とまざり合って聞こえてくる。このため
上記無響室で画像形成装置より1(m)の距離で通紙中
に帯電音を聞くと、従来の画像形成装置のように帯電の
周波数が常に一定であると様々な騒音の中にも帯電音が
存在する事が分かるが、本発明ではモアレ像干渉縞の発
生しない画像パターン形成時の帯電の周波数をモアレ像
干渉縞の発生する特定の画像パターンの周波数よりも低
く設定しているため、様々な騒音にかき消されて帯電音
は聞き取れなくなる。
However, the sound pressure (dB) measured by the sound level meter does not always match the human hearing, and the charging sound is various such as the motor driving sound of the image forming apparatus, the rotation sound of the scanner, and the paper feeding sound. I hear it mixed with various noises. For this reason, when a charging sound is heard while the paper is being passed at a distance of 1 (m) from the image forming apparatus in the anechoic chamber, if the charging frequency is always constant as in the conventional image forming apparatus, various charging noises are generated. It can be seen that there is also a charging sound, but in the present invention, the charging frequency at the time of image pattern formation in which moire image interference fringes do not occur is set lower than the frequency of a specific image pattern in which moire image interference fringes occur. Therefore, it is difficult to hear the charged noise because it is drowned out by various noises.

【0045】さらにユーザーが画像形成装置によって画
像を出力することを考えると、モアレ像干渉縞の発生す
る様な横線パターン画像よりもモアレ像干渉縞の発生し
ない画像パターン(文字パターン画質等)を出力するこ
との方が圧倒的に多い。よって実際にユーザーが使用す
る場合に本発明の効果は顕著に現れる。
Further, considering that the user outputs an image by the image forming apparatus, an image pattern (character pattern image quality, etc.) in which the moire image interference fringes are not generated is output as compared with the horizontal line pattern image in which the moire image interference fringes are generated. There are overwhelmingly more things to do. Therefore, the effect of the present invention is remarkable when actually used by the user.

【0046】又、本発明ではモアレ像干渉縞の発生しな
い文字パターン画像等の画像形成時には帯電の周波数を
帯電ムラの発生しない領域で最も低い周波数に設定して
いるため、帯電ローラに印加するAC電圧成分によって
起こる帯電ローラと感光ドラムの振動が減少する。この
ためドラム面上のトナーや付着物が上記の振動による力
学的な力や電気的な力によりドラム面上に押し付けられ
て強固に付着するトナー融着現象による画像上の白ポチ
の発生を防止することも出来る。
Further, in the present invention, the charging frequency is set to the lowest frequency in the area where uneven charging does not occur when an image such as a character pattern image in which moire image interference fringes do not occur is formed. Vibration of the charging roller and the photosensitive drum caused by the voltage component is reduced. For this reason, the toner and adhered matter on the drum surface are pressed against the drum surface by the mechanical force and the electric force due to the above-mentioned vibration and firmly adhered to prevent the occurrence of white spots on the image due to the toner fusion phenomenon. You can also do it.

【0047】本発明の構成で1dot 2spaces
の横線パターンと文字パターンを繰り返し印字し耐久を
行った結果、通紙枚数6000枚ではドラム面上の融着
はほとんど見られず画像上にも影響はなかった。これに
対し従来の構成で耐久を行った結果、通紙枚数4000
枚でドラム面上に少量の融着が発生し、4500枚程で
画像上にその悪影響が現れた。
With the configuration of the present invention, 1 dot 2 spaces
As a result of repeatedly printing the horizontal line pattern and the character pattern of No. 3, the result was that, when 6,000 sheets were passed, almost no fusion was observed on the drum surface and there was no effect on the image. On the other hand, as a result of carrying out durability with the conventional configuration, 4000 sheets are passed.
A small amount of fusion occurred on the surface of the drum with one sheet, and the adverse effect appeared on the image after about 4,500 sheets.

【0048】以上の結果より本発明の構成であれば帯電
音を最少限に抑えることが出来、さらにトナー融着の発
生を防止することも出来る。またモアレ像干渉縞の発生
しない良好な画像が得られる。 (3)制御タイミング(図2) 図2は帯電の周波数の切り替えタイミングチャート例で
ある。本例のチャートは連続2枚のプリント出力の例を
示している。
From the above results, according to the constitution of the present invention, the charging noise can be suppressed to the minimum, and the toner fusion can be prevented. In addition, a good image without moire image interference fringes can be obtained. (3) Control Timing (FIG. 2) FIG. 2 is an example of a timing chart for switching the charging frequency. The chart of this example shows an example of two consecutive printouts.

【0049】帯電の周波数を切り替えるタイミングは本
例では画像形成装置のメインスイッチをONの状態で帯
電の周波数をモアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン
時の周波数fL に設定しておき、モアレ像干渉縞の発生
する画像パターンとなる時点で帯電の周波数をfH (>
L )に切り替える。画像形成装置のメインスイッチを
ONすると前回転のシーケンスとなり感光ドラム回転が
スタートする。続いて帯電の直流電圧Vdcと交流電圧
Vacが印加されてドラムの帯電が行われる。この時の
帯電の周波数は上記のfL である。その後現像バイア
ス、転写バイアスが印加され、画像形成のシーケンスと
なる。前回転の後ビデオ(Video)信号によりレー
ザーが発光しドラム面上に静電潜像が形成される。
In this example, the timing of switching the charging frequency is such that the charging frequency is set to the frequency f L for the image pattern in which no moire image interference fringes occur while the main switch of the image forming apparatus is ON. The charging frequency is changed to f H (>
f L ). When the main switch of the image forming apparatus is turned on, the sequence of pre-rotation starts and the rotation of the photosensitive drum starts. Then, the charging DC voltage Vdc and AC voltage Vac are applied to charge the drum. The charging frequency at this time is the above f L. After that, the developing bias and the transfer bias are applied, and the image forming sequence is started. After the pre-rotation, the laser emits a video (Video) signal to form an electrostatic latent image on the drum surface.

【0050】レーザー光による静電潜像はホスト装置か
ら入力された目的画像の画像情報を画像形成装置のコン
トローラの制御でビットマップ上に展開し、このビット
マップに対応してドラム面上に静電潜像が形成される。
The electrostatic latent image formed by the laser light is developed by developing the image information of the target image input from the host device on a bitmap under the control of the controller of the image forming apparatus, and correspondingly to this bitmap, the electrostatic latent image is formed on the drum surface. A latent image is formed.

【0051】この目的画像をホスト装置がグレースケー
ル処理又はグラフィック処理を行っている場合は、画像
形成装置のコントローラは、ホスト装置よりグレースケ
ール信号又はグラフィック信号を受ける。グレースケー
ル信号、グラフィック信号を受けた場合の画像情報はモ
アレ像干渉縞の発生しやすい画像パターンであるため帯
電の周波数をfH =345(Hz)とし、これらの信号
を受けていない場合の画像情報はモアレ像干渉縞の発生
しない画像パターンであるため帯電の周波数をfL =1
50(Hz)とする。
When the host apparatus is performing the grayscale processing or the graphic processing on the target image, the controller of the image forming apparatus receives the grayscale signal or the graphic signal from the host apparatus. The image information when the grayscale signal and the graphic signal are received is an image pattern in which moire image interference fringes are easily generated, so the charging frequency is f H = 345 (Hz), and the image when not receiving these signals Since the information is an image pattern in which no moire image interference fringes are generated, the charging frequency is f L = 1.
50 (Hz).

【0052】実際に帯電の周波数を切り替えるタイミン
グは、Video信号によりレーザーが静電潜像を形成
する潜像部よりも帯電部が、ドラム回転方向で上流側で
あるため、帯電部から潜像部にドラム面が移動する時間
だけ、Video信号よりも早く帯電の周波数を切り替
える。本実施例の構成の画像形成装置では、帯電部から
潜像部にドラム面が移動するために0.12(sec)
の面移動の時間を要する。従って帯電の周波数を切り替
えるタイミングはVideo信号によりレーザーが静電
潜像を形成するよりも0.12(sec)前とすれば良
い。
The timing at which the charging frequency is actually switched is that the charging portion is located upstream of the latent image portion where the laser forms an electrostatic latent image in response to the Video signal in the drum rotation direction. The charging frequency is switched earlier than the Video signal only during the time when the drum surface moves. In the image forming apparatus having the configuration of the present embodiment, the drum surface moves from the charging portion to the latent image portion, so that 0.12 (sec) is required.
It takes time to move the surface. Therefore, the timing of switching the charging frequency may be set to 0.12 (sec) before the laser forms an electrostatic latent image by the Video signal.

【0053】本実施例では帯電の周波数を2段階fL
H に切り替えているが、これを画像情報に応じて多段
階に切り替える事も可能である。
In this embodiment, the charging frequency is set in two steps f L ·
Although it is switched to f H , it can be switched in multiple stages according to the image information.

【0054】さらに、本実施例では画像情報に応じて帯
電の周波数を切り替えたが、画像形成プロセスで画像を
形成する様々な部分で本発明と同様に周波数、バイアス
等を切り替える事も可能である。
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the charging frequency was switched according to the image information, but it is also possible to switch the frequency, bias, etc. in various portions forming an image in the image forming process as in the present invention. ..

【0055】<実施例2>(図5・図6) 本実施例では帯電の周波数f0 をモアレ像干渉縞の発生
しない画像パターン時の周波数と、モアレ像干渉縞の発
生する画像パターン時の周波数に切り替えるタイミング
は前記実施例1と同様となる。前記実施例1では帯電ロ
ーラに印加する交流電圧Vacのピーク間電圧VPPを一
定とし感光ドラムの帯電を行ったが、本実施例において
は帯電ローラに印加するAC電圧を帯電ローラと感光ド
ラム間のインピーダンスの変化に応じて切り替えたいた
めAC電圧成分の定電流制御を行う。
<Embodiment 2> (FIGS. 5 and 6) In the present embodiment, the charging frequency f 0 is set to the frequency at the time of an image pattern in which no moire image interference fringes occur and the frequency at an image pattern in which moire image interference fringes occur. The timing of switching to the frequency is the same as in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the peak-to-peak voltage V PP of the AC voltage Vac applied to the charging roller was set constant, and the photosensitive drum was charged. However, in the present embodiment, the AC voltage applied to the charging roller is changed between the charging roller and the photosensitive drum. Since it is desired to switch according to the change in the impedance of, the constant current control of the AC voltage component is performed.

【0056】本実施例で用いた帯電ローラは図5に示す
様に導電金属製のφ6の芯金2bに、厚さ3mm・体積
抵抗104 Ωcm程度の低抵抗の導電ゴム層2aを形成
し、更にその外周面に厚さ50〜20μmの108Ωc
m程度の高抵抗層2cを形成したものである。
In the charging roller used in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a conductive rubber layer 2a having a thickness of 3 mm and a volume resistance of 10 4 Ωcm is formed on a core metal 2b of φ6 made of a conductive metal. , And 10 8 Ωc with a thickness of 50 to 20 μm on its outer peripheral surface
The high resistance layer 2c of about m is formed.

【0057】本実施例において上記帯電ローラ2に印加
する電圧は感光体の表面電位を目標とする暗部電位VD
に収束させるために、この電位VD に相当するDC定電
圧に電位の均一化のためにAC電圧を重畳する方式をと
る。このとき重畳するAC電圧のピーク間電圧VPPは帯
電ローラと感光ドラムが放電を開始する放電開始しきい
値電圧VTHの少なくとも2倍以上の値とする。本実施例
では感光ドラム1の感光体層1aとして比誘電率3、厚
さ20μmの感光材料を用いた。
In this embodiment, the voltage applied to the charging roller 2 is the dark portion potential V D whose target is the surface potential of the photoconductor.
In order to make the potential constant, the DC constant voltage corresponding to the potential V D is superposed with the AC voltage for equalizing the potential. The peak-to-peak voltage V PP of the AC voltage that is superimposed at this time is at least twice the discharge start threshold voltage V TH at which the charging roller and the photosensitive drum start discharging. In this embodiment, a photosensitive material having a relative dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 20 μm is used as the photosensitive layer 1a of the photosensitive drum 1.

【0058】帯電ローラ2と感光ドラム1間のインピー
ダンスは帯電の周波数f0 (Hz)の変化によって変わ
ってしまうため、モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パタ
ーン時と、モアレ像干渉縞の発生する画像パターン時で
帯電の周波数f0 が切り替わる本発明の構成であると、
各帯電の周波数毎にAC電流値を固定しモアレ像干渉縞
の発生しない画像パターン時と、モアレ像干渉縞の発生
する画像パターン時でAC電流の目標値を切り替えなけ
ればならない。
Since the impedance between the charging roller 2 and the photosensitive drum 1 is changed by the change of the charging frequency f 0 (Hz), the image pattern in which the moire image interference fringes do not occur and the image in which the moire image interference fringes occur With the configuration of the present invention in which the charging frequency f 0 is switched during patterning,
The target value of the AC current must be switched between the image pattern in which the moire image interference fringes are not generated and the AC current value is fixed for each charging frequency and the image pattern in which the moire image interference fringes are generated.

【0059】この様に各帯電の周波数f0 毎にAC電圧
成分を帯電ローラ2の環境、耐久等によるインピーダン
スの変化に応じて変化させたいため、定電流制御を行な
う。各帯電の周波数f0 毎に感光体の抵抗、容量は環境
によらず一定とみなすと全体に流すAC電流を定電流制
御することによって帯電ローラ2に印加される電圧はそ
のインピーダンスに比例して決定される。従って低温低
湿環境、または製造時に抵抗が高くなった様な高インピ
ーダンスのローラには高い電圧が印加され帯電不良を防
止し、逆に低インピーダンスのローラにはリーク防止の
ために低い電圧が印加されることになる。
As described above, since it is desired to change the AC voltage component for each charging frequency f 0 in accordance with the impedance change due to the environment and durability of the charging roller 2, constant current control is performed. Assuming that the resistance and capacity of the photoconductor are constant regardless of the environment for each charging frequency f 0, the voltage applied to the charging roller 2 is proportional to its impedance by controlling the AC current flowing through the entire body by constant current control. It is determined. Therefore, a high voltage is applied to a low-impedance roller or a high-impedance roller whose resistance is high during manufacturing to prevent charging failure, while a low-impedance roller is applied with a low voltage to prevent leakage. Will be.

【0060】本実施例では通常環境で正弦波の1800
Vにピーク間電圧VPPを得るために実効値電流Iacを
各帯電の周波数f0 毎に以下に示す値として定電流制御
を行った。
In this embodiment, a 1800 sine wave is generated in a normal environment.
In order to obtain the peak-to-peak voltage V PP at V, constant current control was performed with the effective value current Iac set to the value shown below for each charging frequency f 0 .

【0061】.モアレ像干渉縞の発生する画像パター
ン時の帯電の周波数 f0 =345(Hz)の時、 Iac=360(μA) .モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン時の帯電
の周波数 f0 =150(Hz)の時、 Iac=160(μA) の値で定電流制御を行なうことによって、低温低湿環境
下(15℃、10%RH)では約2200(V)、高温
高湿環境下では1600(V)のピーク間電圧を得るこ
とができるようになった。
.. When the charging frequency f 0 = 345 (Hz) in the image pattern in which moire image interference fringes occur, Iac = 360 (μA). When the charging frequency f 0 = 150 (Hz) in an image pattern in which moire image interference fringes do not occur, constant current control is performed at a value of Iac = 160 (μA), so that a low temperature and low humidity environment (15 ° C., 10 It became possible to obtain a peak-to-peak voltage of about 2200 (V) in% RH and 1600 (V) in a high temperature and high humidity environment.

【0062】AC電圧成分の定電流制御を行なう回路の
ブロック図を図6に示した。
A block diagram of a circuit for performing constant current control of the AC voltage component is shown in FIG.

【0063】この回路では発振器10により出力された
AC電圧をアンプ11、トランス12によって所定の電
圧まで増幅して帯電ローラ2に印加するのだが、本実施
例では定電流制御を行うために、帯電ローラ2に印加す
るAC電圧を整流回路13で整流し、この整流された電
圧と基準電圧発出力部14により出力された電圧をコン
パレータ15によって比較している。
In this circuit, the AC voltage output from the oscillator 10 is amplified to a predetermined voltage by the amplifier 11 and the transformer 12 and applied to the charging roller 2. However, in this embodiment, the charging is performed in order to perform the constant current control. The AC voltage applied to the roller 2 is rectified by the rectifier circuit 13, and the rectified voltage and the voltage output by the reference voltage generator 14 are compared by the comparator 15.

【0064】この回路はフィードバック系であり、比較
した電圧により、帰還された電流が大きければ電圧を小
さくするように制御され、逆であれば電圧は上昇する。
This circuit is a feedback system and is controlled by the compared voltage so as to decrease the voltage if the fed-back current is large, and rises if the current is reversed.

【0065】本実施例の場合も、帯電音を最少限に抑え
ることができる。さらにトナー融着の発生を防止するこ
ともできる。
Also in the case of this embodiment, the charging noise can be suppressed to the minimum. Further, it is possible to prevent toner fusion.

【0066】<実施例3>(図7・図8) 本実施例では帯電の周波数f0 をモアレ像干渉縞の発生
しない画像パターン時と、モアレ像干渉縞の発生する画
像パターン時の周波数に切り替えるタイミングは前記実
施例1と同様とする。
<Embodiment 3> (FIGS. 7 and 8) In this embodiment, the charging frequency f 0 is set to the frequency for an image pattern in which no moire image interference fringes occur and for an image pattern in which moire image interference fringes occur. The switching timing is the same as in the first embodiment.

【0067】前記実施例2では帯電ローラ2に印加する
AC電圧を帯電ローラのインピーダンスに応じて変化さ
せるため、各帯電の周波数f0 (Hz)毎にAC電圧成
分の定電流制御を行ったが、本実施例では所定の周波数
0 の時に予めその環境において必要なAC電圧を検知
し、その後の帯電をこの電圧によって制御を行うことと
する。
In the second embodiment, since the AC voltage applied to the charging roller 2 is changed according to the impedance of the charging roller, constant current control of the AC voltage component is performed for each charging frequency f 0 (Hz). In this embodiment, the AC voltage required in the environment is detected in advance at the predetermined frequency f 0 , and the subsequent charging is controlled by this voltage.

【0068】本実施例の制御を行う回路のブロック図を
図7に示す。この回路では発振器10により出力された
AC電圧をアンプ11トランス12によって所定の電圧
まで増幅して帯電ローラ2に印加するのだが、本実施例
では各環境で必要なAC電圧を検知し、その後の帯電を
この電圧によって制御するために帯電ローラ2に印加す
るAC電圧を整流回路13で整流し、この整流された電
圧とCPU/18の命令をD/A変換16した電圧をコ
ンパレータ15によって比較し電圧を上昇させる。この
電圧の上昇をA/Dコンバータ17を介しCPUが検知
し、帰還された電流がある電流値に達した時点の電圧を
保持する様に制御される。
FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a circuit for performing the control of this embodiment. In this circuit, the AC voltage output from the oscillator 10 is amplified to a predetermined voltage by the amplifier 11 transformer 12 and applied to the charging roller 2. However, in this embodiment, the AC voltage required in each environment is detected and then The AC voltage applied to the charging roller 2 in order to control the charging by this voltage is rectified by the rectification circuit 13, and the rectified voltage and the voltage obtained by the D / A conversion 16 of the instruction of the CPU / 18 are compared by the comparator 15. Increase the voltage. The CPU detects this increase in voltage through the A / D converter 17, and the feedback current is controlled so as to hold the voltage at the time when the current reaches a certain current value.

【0069】画像形成時にAC定電流制御を行うと感光
ドラム1上に生じたピンホールを帯電ローラ2が通過す
ることによる急激なインピーダンスの変化や、各種電気
的なノイズによって電流値が影響を受け印加電圧が降下
し帯電不良を起こし易いという問題がある。しかしそれ
をその環境に適した定電圧制御を行えばこれらの問題は
解決できる。
When AC constant current control is performed during image formation, the current value is affected by a sudden change in impedance due to the charging roller 2 passing through a pinhole formed on the photosensitive drum 1 and various electrical noises. There is a problem that the applied voltage drops and charging failure is likely to occur. However, these problems can be solved by performing constant voltage control suitable for the environment.

【0070】そこで各環境に適した定電圧値を決定する
ために実際に画像形成を行っていない、例えば前回転行
程時に所定の周波数f0 としておき、予め設定されたA
C電流を流しそれによって発生するAC電圧を検知し画
像形成時にはどの周波数f0においてもこの値によって
AC電圧の制御を行なうものとする。
Therefore, in order to determine a constant voltage value suitable for each environment, image formation is not actually performed, for example, a predetermined frequency f 0 is set at the time of the previous rotation stroke, and a preset A is set.
It is assumed that the C voltage is passed and the AC voltage generated thereby is detected, and the AC voltage is controlled by this value at any frequency f 0 during image formation.

【0071】ここで言う予め設定されたAC電流とはA
C電圧が各環境で帯電不良を起こさない値でなければな
らず通常は帯電ローラの抵抗値が最も上昇する低温低湿
環境で十分な帯電を行なうことができるピーク間電圧V
PPを発生できるAC電流である。
The preset AC current referred to here is A
The C voltage must be a value that does not cause charging failure in each environment, and normally the peak-to-peak voltage V that can perform sufficient charging in a low temperature and low humidity environment in which the resistance value of the charging roller is most increased.
AC current that can generate PP .

【0072】モアレ像干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン
時とモアレ像干渉縞の発生する画像パターン時で帯電の
周波数f0 を切り替える本発明に画像形成装置で帯電不
良を起こさない最低の電圧VPPを測定したところ、15
℃・10%RHの低温低湿環境では、VPP=2200
(V)であり、このとき帯電の周波数f0 =150(H
z)で、AC電流値はIac=160(μA)であっ
た。従って、本実施例では各環境においてメインスイッ
チONで帯電の周波数f0 =150(Hz)としてお
き、後に述べるタイミングで予めIac=160(μ
A)のAC定電流制御を行ない、この時発生するAC電
圧を検知する。そして画像形成時に帯電の周波数f0
切り替わっても、この電圧を保持し帯電を行なうものと
する。
Switching the charging frequency f 0 between the image pattern in which the moire image interference fringes do not occur and the image pattern in which the moire image interference fringes occur, the minimum voltage V PP that does not cause charging failure in the image forming apparatus according to the present invention. When measured, 15
V PP = 2200 in low temperature and low humidity environment of ℃ ・ 10% RH
(V), and at this time the charging frequency f 0 = 150 (H
In z), the AC current value was Iac = 160 (μA). Therefore, in this embodiment, the charging frequency f 0 is set to 150 (Hz) by turning on the main switch in each environment, and Iac = 160 (μ) in advance at the timing described later.
The AC constant current control of A) is performed, and the AC voltage generated at this time is detected. Even if the charging frequency f 0 is switched during image formation, this voltage is held and charging is performed.

【0073】ここまで述べたようなシーケンスの制御を
行なうタイミングについて本実施例では次に述べるよう
な手順で行なった。
Regarding the timing of performing the sequence control as described above, the procedure described below is performed in this embodiment.

【0074】図8は本実施例における帯電の制御を行な
うためのタイミングチャートである。電源投入時に帯電
の周波数f0 =150(Hz)としておき、その後感光
体の電位を安定させるために行なう前回転行程時におい
てAC定電流制御を行ない、ここで発生した電圧を保持
する。前回転行程時に定電流制御を行なう際にある瞬間
の電圧を検知してこれを保持すると誤差が大きくなるこ
とが考えられるため少なくとも感光ドラムが一周するだ
けの時間の定電流制御による発生電圧の平均値を持って
画像出力時の制御電圧とする。
FIG. 8 is a timing chart for controlling charging in this embodiment. The charging frequency is set to f 0 = 150 (Hz) when the power is turned on, and then AC constant current control is performed during the pre-rotation step to stabilize the potential of the photoconductor, and the voltage generated here is held. It is conceivable that if the voltage at a certain moment is detected and held during constant current control during the pre-rotation stroke, the error will increase, so at least the average voltage generated by constant current control during the time required for the photosensitive drum to make one revolution The value is used as the control voltage for image output.

【0075】本実施例では感光ドラム1の直径30(m
m)、プロセススピード50(mm/sec)のため
1.88(sec)間の発生AC電圧の平均を行い、そ
の後は実施例1と同様のシーケンスで制御を行なった。
In this embodiment, the diameter of the photosensitive drum 1 is 30 (m
m) and the process speed was 50 (mm / sec), the generated AC voltage was averaged for 1.88 (sec), and thereafter the control was performed in the same sequence as in Example 1.

【0076】実際に各環境において通紙・プリントを行
なったところ、帯電の周波数f0 =150(Hz)、A
C電流Iac=160(μA)定電流で、 32.5℃:85%RHの高温高湿環境で VPP=16
00(V)、 23℃:60%RHの通常環境で VPP=18
00(V)、 15℃:10%RHの低温低湿環境で VPP=22
00(V) のACピーク間電圧を得た。
When paper is actually passed and printed in each environment, the charging frequency f 0 = 150 (Hz), A
C current Iac = 160 (μA) constant current, 32.5 ° C .: 85% RH in high temperature and high humidity environment V PP = 16
00 (V), 23 ° C .: 60% RH in a normal environment V PP = 18
00 (V), 15 ° C: 10% RH in low temperature and low humidity environment V PP = 22
An AC peak-to-peak voltage of 00 (V) was obtained.

【0077】以上のような制御を行なうことによってモ
アレ干渉縞の発生しない画像パターン時とモアレ干渉縞
の発生する画像パターン時で帯電の周波数f0 が切り替
わっても全環境において帯電不良、リークの発生しない
良好な画像を得ることができた。
By performing the above control, even if the charging frequency f 0 is switched between the image pattern in which the moire interference fringes are not generated and the image pattern in which the moire interference fringes are generated, the charging failure and the leak are generated in the entire environment. No good image could be obtained.

【0078】更に本実施例では切り替え可能な帯電周波
数のうち最低の周波数で定電流制御し、その時の発生A
C電圧で他の周波数も含めて定電圧制御することで環境
変動等により帯電ローラのインピーダンスが変化した場
合でも実際の帯電作用に効くAC放電分の量を最も一定
にコントロール可能となる。これはAC電圧の周波数が
低ければ、帯電ローラ2と感光ドラム1間に形成される
容量により流れるACのリーク電流成分が減り、実際に
帯電ローラ2と感光ドラム1との間で生じている放電分
の電流がAC電流に対して占める割合が高くなるためで
ある。
Further, in the present embodiment, constant current control is performed at the lowest frequency of the charge frequencies that can be switched, and the generation A at that time is controlled.
By controlling the constant voltage including the other frequencies with the C voltage, it becomes possible to control the amount of the AC discharge effective for the actual charging action to be the most constant even when the impedance of the charging roller changes due to environmental changes. This is because if the frequency of the AC voltage is low, the AC leak current component flowing due to the capacity formed between the charging roller 2 and the photosensitive drum 1 is reduced, and the discharge actually occurring between the charging roller 2 and the photosensitive drum 1 is reduced. This is because the ratio of the minute current to the AC current is high.

【0079】本実施例の場合も帯電音を最少限に抑える
ことができる。更にトナー融着の発生を防止することも
できる。しかもモアレ像干渉縞の発生しない良好な画像
が得られる。
Also in the case of this embodiment, the charging noise can be suppressed to the minimum. Further, it is possible to prevent toner fusion. Moreover, a good image without moire image interference fringes can be obtained.

【0080】[0080]

【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、像担持体
面の帯電処理手段として、直流電圧を含む振動電圧を印
加した帯電部材を像担持体面に接触させて像担持体面の
帯電を行うAC接触帯電方式を採用した画像形成装置に
ついて、画像パターンに応じて帯電の周波数を切り替え
ることで、帯電音による装置騒音を最少限に抑えること
ができる。又、像担持体と帯電部材の振動も最少限に抑
えることができるためトナー融着による画像欠陥を抑え
る効果がある。更にモアレ像干渉縞の発生しない良好な
画像が得られる。
As described above, according to the present invention, as the charging means for charging the surface of the image carrier, a charging member to which an oscillating voltage including a DC voltage is applied is brought into contact with the surface of the image carrier to charge the surface of the image carrier. With respect to the image forming apparatus adopting the AC contact charging method, by switching the charging frequency according to the image pattern, it is possible to minimize the apparatus noise due to the charging sound. Further, since the vibration of the image carrier and the charging member can be suppressed to a minimum, it has an effect of suppressing image defects due to toner fusion. Furthermore, a good image without moire image interference fringes can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】 本発明に従う画像形成装置の一例(レーザー
ビームプリンタ)の概略構成図
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example (laser beam printer) of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention.

【図2】 該画像形成装置のシーケンスと制御タイミン
グチャート
FIG. 2 is a sequence chart of the image forming apparatus and a control timing chart.

【図3】 ラインピッチLとラインピッチの空間周波数
S の関係を示すグラフ
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the line pitch L and the spatial frequency f S of the line pitch.

【図4】 帯電の周波数f0 とモアレのレベルを示すグ
ラフ
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a charging frequency f 0 and a moire level.

【図5】 第2の実施例装置の帯電ローラ部分の構成図FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a charging roller portion of a second embodiment device.

【図6】 AC定電流回路のブロック図FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an AC constant current circuit.

【図7】 第3の実施例装置の制御回路のブロック図FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a control circuit of the third embodiment device.

【図8】 該装置のシーケンスと制御タイミングチャー
FIG. 8 is a sequence chart of the device and a control timing chart.

【図9】 ローラ型の接触帯電装置の一例の概略構成図FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of a roller-type contact charging device.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 像担持体(被帯電体)としての回転感光ドラム 2 接触帯電部材としての帯電ローラ 3a レーザービームスキャナ 4 現像スリーブ 5 転写ローラ 6 グリーニングブレード 7 転写材 1 rotating photosensitive drum as an image bearing member (charged member) 2 charging roller as a contact charging member 3a laser beam scanner 4 developing sleeve 5 transfer roller 6 greening blade 7 transfer material

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 像担持体面に接触させ直流電圧を含む振
動電圧を印加して像担持体面の帯電を行う接触帯電手段
を有する画像形成装置において、上記接触帯電手段に印
加する振動電圧の周波数を画像形成時の画像情報に応じ
て可変とすることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
Claim: What is claimed is: 1. An image forming apparatus having a contact charging means for charging the image bearing surface by applying an oscillating voltage including a DC voltage to the image bearing surface so as to apply to the contact charging means. An image forming apparatus, wherein a frequency of an oscillating voltage to be changed is variable according to image information at the time of image formation.
JP3189239A 1991-07-03 1991-07-03 Image forming device Pending JPH0511571A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3189239A JPH0511571A (en) 1991-07-03 1991-07-03 Image forming device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3189239A JPH0511571A (en) 1991-07-03 1991-07-03 Image forming device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0511571A true JPH0511571A (en) 1993-01-22

Family

ID=16237944

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3189239A Pending JPH0511571A (en) 1991-07-03 1991-07-03 Image forming device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0511571A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0860750A2 (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus
US6829444B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2004-12-07 Ricoh Company, Limited Image forming apparatus, charging unit, and method of controlling of voltage applied to charging unit

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0860750A2 (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus
US5991557A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-11-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus having a charging member with plural charging modes
EP0860750A3 (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-12-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus
US6829444B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2004-12-07 Ricoh Company, Limited Image forming apparatus, charging unit, and method of controlling of voltage applied to charging unit

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