JPH05112854A - Manufacture of aluminum alloy thin sheet for packing excellent in pitting corrosion resistance - Google Patents
Manufacture of aluminum alloy thin sheet for packing excellent in pitting corrosion resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05112854A JPH05112854A JP3301113A JP30111391A JPH05112854A JP H05112854 A JPH05112854 A JP H05112854A JP 3301113 A JP3301113 A JP 3301113A JP 30111391 A JP30111391 A JP 30111391A JP H05112854 A JPH05112854 A JP H05112854A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum alloy
- corrosion resistance
- temperature
- pitting corrosion
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はアルミニウム合金薄板の
製造に係り、食品容器、特に水産類等、腐食性の厳しい
内容物の包装材として好適であり、焼付塗装して使用さ
れるアルミニウム合金薄板の製造方法に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the production of aluminum alloy thin plates, and is suitable as a packaging material for food containers, particularly marine products, and other contents that are highly corrosive. The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に、飲料缶や食缶等の包装材料とし
ては、AA規格3004、5052或いは5182等の
アルミニウム合金が使用されている。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an aluminum alloy such as AA standard 3004, 5052 or 5182 is used as a packaging material for beverage cans, food cans and the like.
【0003】包装材料に対しては、一般に、(a)成形
性がよいこと、(b)強度が高いこと、(c)耐食性がよ
いこと、等の品質特性が要求され、上記のAl−Mg系、
Al−Mg−Mn系のアルミニウム合金薄板が焼付塗装さ
れて使用されている。In general, packaging materials are required to have quality characteristics such as (a) good moldability, (b) high strength, (c) good corrosion resistance, and the above-mentioned Al-Mg. system,
An Al-Mg-Mn type aluminum alloy thin plate is baked and used.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、これらのアル
ミニウム合金を高強度にしようとする場合、Mg量を多
くしたり、単に冷間加工率を上げる方法があるが、成形
性の低下は免れないところである。また、水産類等、塩
分が高く、塩素イオンを高濃度で含有する腐食性の厳し
い内容物の容器材料として用いる場合には、孔食が発生
し、信頼性が不充分と云う点でも問題がある。However, in order to increase the strength of these aluminum alloys, there is a method of increasing the amount of Mg or simply increasing the cold working rate, but the deterioration of the formability is inevitable. By the way. In addition, when used as a container material for highly corrosive contents such as marine products that have a high salt content and contain chlorine ions at a high concentration, pitting corrosion may occur, resulting in insufficient reliability. is there.
【0005】本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決す
るためになされたものであって、その目的とするところ
は、焼付塗装して使用されるアルミニウム合金薄板とし
て、高強度を有し、各種包装用材料、特に水産類等、腐
食性の厳しい内容物の包装材として適するアルミニウム
合金薄板の製造方法を提供することにある。The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its object is to have a high strength as an aluminum alloy thin plate to be used by baking coating, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an aluminum alloy thin plate suitable as a packaging material for various packaging materials, especially for highly corrosive contents such as marine products.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記課題を解決するた
め、本発明者は、各種容器用材料として必要な強度、成
形性を有し、また優れた耐食性も具備し得る方策につい
て鋭意研究を重ねた。その結果、Cu、Mn、Mgを必須
成分とし、製造条件については特に熱間圧延条件と中間
焼鈍条件を規制することにより可能であることを見い出
し、本発明をなしたものである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has conducted earnest research on a method which has strength and formability required for various container materials and can also have excellent corrosion resistance. It was As a result, they have found that Cu, Mn, and Mg are essential components, and that the manufacturing conditions can be controlled especially by regulating the hot rolling conditions and the intermediate annealing conditions, and the present invention has been made.
【0007】すなわち、本発明は、Cu:0.05〜1.0
0%、Mn:0.3〜1.5%及びMg:2.9〜4.0%を含
有し、必要に応じて、更にTi:0.01〜0.20%を含
有し、残部がAl及び不可避的不純物からなるアルミニ
ウム合金を溶解、鋳造後、500〜600℃の温度で均
熱処理を行い、熱間圧延の終了温度が300℃以下とな
るように熱間圧延を行った後、中間焼鈍を含む冷間圧延
を行うに際し、中間焼鈍として、400〜600℃の温
度に100℃/分以上の加熱速度で加熱し、加熱後直ち
に又は10分以内保持した後、100℃/時間以上の冷
却速度で200℃以下の温度まで冷却し、平均結晶粒径
80μm以下とすると共に焼付硬化に寄与する成分を固
溶状態に保ち、更に加工率30%以上の冷間圧延を行う
ことを特徴とする耐孔食性に優れた包装用アルミニウム
合金薄板の製造方法を要旨とするものである。That is, according to the present invention, Cu: 0.05 to 1.0
0%, Mn: 0.3 to 1.5% and Mg: 2.9 to 4.0%, and if necessary, Ti: 0.01 to 0.20%, the balance being After melting and casting an aluminum alloy consisting of Al and unavoidable impurities, soaking is performed at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C., and hot rolling is performed so that the end temperature of hot rolling becomes 300 ° C. or less, then the intermediate When performing cold rolling including annealing, as intermediate annealing, the temperature of 400 to 600 ° C. is heated at a heating rate of 100 ° C./minute or more, and immediately after heating or after holding for 10 minutes or more, 100 ° C./hour or more. It is characterized in that it is cooled to a temperature of 200 ° C. or less at a cooling rate to keep an average crystal grain size of 80 μm or less, components that contribute to bake hardening are in a solid solution state, and further cold rolled at a working rate of 30% or more. Of manufacturing method of aluminum alloy sheet for packaging with excellent pitting corrosion resistance It is what
【0008】以下に本発明について更に詳細に説明す
る。The present invention will be described in more detail below.
【0009】[0009]
【作用】まず、本発明における化学成分の限定理由を説
明する。First, the reasons for limiting the chemical components in the present invention will be explained.
【0010】Mg:Mgは強度の向上に有効な元素であ
り、塗装焼付した後、所要の強度(およそ30kgf/mm2
の耐力)を得るためには、2.9%以上が必要である。し
かし、4.0%を超えると耐食性が低下するので好まし
くない。したがって、Mg量は2.9〜4.0%の範囲と
する。Mg: Mg is an element effective for improving the strength, and it has a required strength (about 30 kgf / mm 2 after coating and baking).
Proof strength) is required to be 2.9% or more. However, if it exceeds 4.0%, the corrosion resistance decreases, which is not preferable. Therefore, the amount of Mg is set in the range of 2.9 to 4.0%.
【0011】Mn:Mnは、Mgと同様、強度を向上させ
るのに必要な元素であるほか、電位を向上する効果があ
り、容器材料としてアルミニウムよりも電位の高いスチ
ール等と複合使用する場合に懸念のある電食に対する腐
食を抑制するために必要である。更に、不純物として不
可避的に存在するFeをAl−Mn−Fe系の金属間化合物
として固定する作用があるため、耐食性を向上する効果
がある。しかし、Mn量が0.3%未満では上記のような
作用が小さく、また1.5%を超えると巨大な金属間化
合物が生成する恐れがあり、成形性を低下させることに
なるので好ましくない。したがって、Mn量は0.3〜
1.5%の範囲とする。Mn: Mn, like Mg, is an element necessary for improving the strength and also has the effect of improving the electric potential, and is used as a container material when used in combination with steel or the like having a higher electric potential than aluminum. It is necessary to suppress corrosion due to concern about electrolytic corrosion. Furthermore, Fe, which is inevitably present as an impurity, has a function of fixing as an Al-Mn-Fe-based intermetallic compound, so that it has an effect of improving corrosion resistance. However, if the amount of Mn is less than 0.3%, the above-mentioned effects are small, and if it exceeds 1.5%, a huge intermetallic compound may be formed, which deteriorates moldability, which is not preferable. .. Therefore, the amount of Mn is 0.3-
The range is 1.5%.
【0012】Cu:CuはMnと同様に電位と強度を高め
る作用がある。しかし、0.05%未満では所望の効果
は期待できず、また1.0%を超えると粒界腐食感受性
が増大するので好ましくない。したがって、Cu量は0.
05〜1.0%の範囲とする。Cu: Cu has the action of increasing the potential and strength like Mn. However, if it is less than 0.05%, the desired effect cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 1.0%, the intergranular corrosion susceptibility increases, which is not preferable. Therefore, the amount of Cu is 0.
The range is from 05 to 1.0%.
【0013】Ti:Tiは腐食形態を横広がりとし、板厚
方向への腐食の進行を抑制する効果がある。したがっ
て、必要に応じて添加して本発明の製造方法と組み合わ
せることにより、更に耐孔食性に優れたアルミニウム合
金薄板を得ることができる。添加する場合、Ti量が0.
01%未満では所望の効果は期待できず、また0.20
%を超えて含有せしめても効果が飽和するため無駄であ
る。したがって、Ti量は0.01〜0.20%の範囲と
する。Ti: Ti has the effect of laterally spreading the corrosion form and suppressing the progress of corrosion in the plate thickness direction. Therefore, an aluminum alloy thin plate further excellent in pitting corrosion resistance can be obtained by adding it as needed and combining it with the production method of the present invention. When added, the Ti content is 0.
If it is less than 01%, the desired effect cannot be expected, and it is 0.20.
If it is contained in excess of%, the effect is saturated and it is useless. Therefore, the Ti content is set in the range of 0.01 to 0.20%.
【0014】なお、上記以外に含有し得る元素として
は、通常市販されている純アルミニウムに含有されてい
る不純物程度であれば、特に規制はしないが、Si及び
Feは少ないほど望ましい。特にFeは耐食性を阻害する
元素であり、充分な耐食性を確保するために0.3%以
下に抑制するのが好ましい。There are no particular restrictions on the elements that can be contained in addition to the above, as long as they are impurities contained in commercially available pure aluminum, but Si and Fe are preferably as small as possible. In particular, Fe is an element that inhibits corrosion resistance, and it is preferable to suppress Fe to 0.3% or less in order to secure sufficient corrosion resistance.
【0015】次に本発明に係る包装用アルミニウム合金
薄板の製造方法について説明する。Next, a method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy thin plate for packaging according to the present invention will be described.
【0016】上記化学成分のアルミニウム合金は、通常
の方法により溶解鋳造して鋳塊とし、この鋳塊を500
〜600℃の温度において均熱処理を施す。この均熱処
理は適正な熱間圧延及び耐孔食性を得るためのものであ
り、500℃未満の均熱温度では、熱間圧延時の耳割れ
が発生し易く、かつ、微細析出物が多く生成し、耐孔食
性が低下し、また、600℃を超える均熱温度ではバー
ニング及びフクレを発生し、製品特性の加工性、表面品
質の低下につながる。よって、均熱処理温度は500〜
600℃とする。均熱処理時間は上述の目的に従い適宜
決められる。The aluminum alloy having the above chemical composition is melt cast by an ordinary method to form an ingot, and the ingot is made into
Soaking is performed at a temperature of up to 600 ° C. This soaking treatment is for obtaining appropriate hot rolling and pitting corrosion resistance, and at soaking temperature of less than 500 ° C, ear cracks are apt to occur during hot rolling and many fine precipitates are formed. However, pitting corrosion resistance decreases, and burning and blistering occur at a soaking temperature exceeding 600 ° C., which leads to deterioration in product property workability and surface quality. Therefore, the soaking temperature is 500-
The temperature is 600 ° C. The soaking time is appropriately determined according to the above purpose.
【0017】次いで、熱間圧延を行うが、熱間圧延の終
了温度を300℃以下に規制する必要がある。この条件
は、耐孔食性を得るためのものであり、300℃を超え
る終了温度では微細析出物が多く生成し、耐孔食性が低
下する。よって、熱間圧延の終了温度は300℃以下と
する。Next, hot rolling is performed, but it is necessary to regulate the end temperature of hot rolling to 300 ° C. or lower. This condition is for obtaining pitting corrosion resistance, and a large amount of fine precipitates are formed at the end temperature exceeding 300 ° C., and the pitting corrosion resistance is reduced. Therefore, the end temperature of hot rolling is set to 300 ° C or lower.
【0018】熱間圧延後、中間焼鈍を含む冷間圧延を行
うが、中間焼鈍は、必須成分であるCuを固溶せしめ、
より効果的に電位を高めること、及び微細な結晶粒を得
るために、その条件を以下のように規制することが重要
である。After the hot rolling, cold rolling including intermediate annealing is performed. In the intermediate annealing, Cu which is an essential component is solid-dissolved,
In order to increase the potential more effectively and to obtain fine crystal grains, it is important to control the conditions as follows.
【0019】具体的には、まず、中間焼鈍温度が400
℃未満ではCuの固溶が充分行われず、また600℃を
超えるとバーニングを起こして特性の低下を招く恐れが
あるので、中間焼鈍温度は400〜600℃の範囲とす
る。その際、加熱速度を100℃/分以上とし、加熱後
直ちに又は10分以内に保持した後、100℃/時間以
上の冷却速度で200℃以下の温度まで冷却する。これ
により、平均結晶粒径が80μm以下となり、所望の成
形性が得られる。これらの範囲外の条件では前述の中間
焼鈍効果が得られず、また加熱保持を10分を超えて行
ってもエネルギーの無駄である。また、100℃/時間
以上の冷却速度で200℃以下の温度まで冷却するのは
耐孔食性を低下させる微細析出物の生成を規制するため
である。加熱冷却速度は200℃/分以上(例、800
℃/分)が望ましい。Specifically, first, the intermediate annealing temperature is 400
If the temperature is lower than 0 ° C, solid solution of Cu is not sufficiently performed, and if the temperature exceeds 600 ° C, burning may occur and the characteristics may be deteriorated. Therefore, the intermediate annealing temperature is set to 400 to 600 ° C. At that time, the heating rate is set to 100 ° C./minute or more, and the heating is performed immediately after heating or within 10 minutes, and then cooled to a temperature of 200 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 100 ° C./hour or more. As a result, the average crystal grain size becomes 80 μm or less, and desired moldability is obtained. Under conditions outside these ranges, the above-mentioned intermediate annealing effect cannot be obtained, and even if heating and holding are performed for more than 10 minutes, energy is wasted. Further, the reason for cooling to a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower at a cooling rate of 100 ° C./hour or more is to control the formation of fine precipitates that reduce the pitting corrosion resistance. Heating / cooling rate is 200 ℃ / min or more (eg 800
(° C / min) is desirable.
【0020】なお、中間焼鈍前の冷間圧延条件は特に制
限されないが、より微細な結晶粒とするために高い加工
率で圧延することが好ましく、30%以上が良い。ま
た、中間焼鈍後に冷間圧延を行うが、加工率を30%以
上とすることが重要であり、これにより所望の強度と成
形性が得られる。The cold rolling conditions before the intermediate annealing are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to roll at a high working rate to obtain finer crystal grains, and 30% or more is preferable. Further, cold rolling is performed after the intermediate annealing, but it is important that the working rate is 30% or more, and thereby desired strength and formability can be obtained.
【0021】かくして得られたアルミニウム合金薄板
は、常法により表面処理を施して各種用途に使用され
る。一般的には、りん酸クロメート等の化成処理を施し
た後、エポキシ系或いは塩ビオルガノゾル系塗料を塗布
し、約200〜300℃で数秒〜10分の焼付を行う。The thus obtained aluminum alloy thin plate is subjected to surface treatment by a conventional method and used for various purposes. Generally, after a chemical conversion treatment such as chromate phosphate is applied, an epoxy or vinyl organosol-based coating material is applied and baking is performed at about 200 to 300 ° C. for several seconds to 10 minutes.
【0022】次に本発明の実施例を示す。Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
【0023】[0023]
【表1】 に示す化学成分を有するアルミニウム合金鋳塊に520
℃×4時間の均熱処理を施した後、熱間圧延により4mm
厚の熱間圧延板とし、次いで厚さ1mmに冷間圧延し、同
表に示す条件で中間焼鈍を行った後、冷間圧延を行って
厚さ0.3mmとした。熱間圧延終了温度を表1に併記し
た。[Table 1] 520 to the aluminum alloy ingot having the chemical composition shown in
After soaking for 4 hours at ℃, 4mm by hot rolling
A thick hot-rolled sheet was formed, then cold-rolled to a thickness of 1 mm, subjected to intermediate annealing under the conditions shown in the table, and then cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.3 mm. The hot rolling finish temperature is also shown in Table 1.
【0024】得られたアルミニウム合金薄板について、
焼付塗装を想定した200℃×20分の加熱を施した後
の機械的性質、成形性、結晶粒径及び耐食性を調査し
た。その結果をRegarding the obtained aluminum alloy thin plate,
The mechanical properties, formability, crystal grain size and corrosion resistance after heating at 200 ° C. for 20 minutes assuming baking coating were investigated. The result
【表2】 に示す。[Table 2] Shown in.
【0025】なお、成形性は、クランクプレスを使用
し、6.0mmφ(1伸)→4.0mmφ(2伸)→3.2mmφ(3
伸)のポンチ径で限界張り出し高さを求めて評価した。As for the formability, using a crank press, 6.0 mmφ (1 extension) → 4.0 mmφ (2 extension) → 3.2 mmφ (3
The limit overhang height was obtained by the punch diameter of (elongation) and evaluated.
【0026】耐食試験は、図1に示すように、それぞれ
同一面積(1cm2)の供試材1とブリキ5を銅線7で接続
してカップルを組み、供試材1の露出部4とブリキ5の
露出部間を塩化ビニルパイプ2を介して対向させ、該パ
イプに腐食性の厳しいモデル液としてCl800ppm、p
H3(食塩、クエン酸、クエン酸ナトリウム)を満たし、
この液中で38℃にて10日間放置後、孔食深さを測定
することにより評価した(n=5)。In the corrosion resistance test, as shown in FIG. 1, the specimen 1 and the tin plate 5 having the same area (1 cm 2 ) are connected by the copper wire 7 to form a couple, and the exposed portion 4 of the specimen 1 is connected. The exposed parts of the tin plate 5 are made to face each other via the vinyl chloride pipe 2, and the pipe has a Cl of 800 ppm, p as a model liquid with severe corrosiveness.
Fill with H3 (salt, citric acid, sodium citrate),
After standing in this solution at 38 ° C. for 10 days, the pitting depth was measured for evaluation (n = 5).
【0027】表2に示すとおり、本発明材はいずれも高
強度で、しかも優れた成形性を維持しており、更に良好
な耐孔食性を示しているので、食品容器等の焼付塗装さ
れて使用される包装材料として好適であることがわか
る。一方、比較材や従来材はいずれも成形性が得られて
いても耐孔食性劣っており、更に強度が得られないもの
もある。As shown in Table 2, all of the materials of the present invention have high strength, maintain excellent formability, and exhibit good pitting corrosion resistance. Therefore, they can be baked on food containers and the like. It turns out that it is suitable as a packaging material to be used. On the other hand, the comparative materials and the conventional materials have poor pitting corrosion resistance even if the moldability is obtained, and some of them cannot obtain further strength.
【0028】[0028]
【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明によれば、
アルミニウム合金の成分調整と併せて、均熱温度、熱間
圧延の終了温度及び中間焼鈍条件等を規制することによ
り、耐孔食性を低下させるCu、Mgを含む微細析出物の
生成を抑制し、結晶粒径を80μm以下とするので、高
強度で、良好な成形性及び耐孔食性が得られ、焼付塗装
して使用される食品容器、特に水産類等の厳しい内容物
の包装材に適している。As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
By controlling the soaking temperature, the end temperature of hot rolling, and the intermediate annealing conditions together with the adjustment of the composition of the aluminum alloy, the formation of fine precipitates containing Cu and Mg that reduce the pitting corrosion resistance is suppressed, With a crystal grain size of 80 μm or less, it has high strength, good moldability and pitting corrosion resistance, and is suitable for food containers used by baking coating, especially packaging materials for severe contents such as marine products. There is.
【図1】腐食試験の要領を説明する図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a procedure of a corrosion test.
【符号の説明】 1 供試材(アルミニウム合金) 2 塩化ビニルパイプ 3 内容物(腐食液) 4 供試材露出部 5 ブリキ 6 ブリキ露出部 7 銅線[Explanation of symbols] 1 test material (aluminum alloy) 2 vinyl chloride pipe 3 contents (corrosion liquid) 4 test material exposed part 5 tin plate 6 tin plate exposed part 7 copper wire
Claims (2)
1.00%、Mn:0.3〜1.5%及びMg:2.9〜4.0
%を含有し、残部がAl及び不可避的不純物からなるア
ルミニウム合金を溶解、鋳造後、500〜600℃の温
度で均熱処理を行い、熱間圧延の終了温度が300℃以
下となるように熱間圧延を行った後、中間焼鈍を含む冷
間圧延を行うに際し、中間焼鈍として、400〜600
℃の温度に100℃/分以上の加熱速度で加熱し、加熱
後直ちに又は10分以内保持した後、100℃/時間以
上の冷却速度で200℃以下の温度まで冷却し、平均結
晶粒径80μm以下とすると共に焼付硬化に寄与する成
分を固溶状態に保ち、更に加工率30%以上の冷間圧延
を行うことを特徴とする耐孔食性に優れた包装用アルミ
ニウム合金薄板の製造方法。1. In weight% (hereinafter, the same), Cu: 0.05
1.00%, Mn: 0.3-1.5% and Mg: 2.9-4.0
% Of aluminum alloy, the balance of which is Al and unavoidable impurities, and after casting, soaking is performed at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C. so that the end temperature of hot rolling becomes 300 ° C. or less. After performing rolling, when performing cold rolling including intermediate annealing, 400 to 600 as intermediate annealing.
After heating to a temperature of 100 ° C at a heating rate of 100 ° C / min or more and holding immediately or after heating for 10 minutes or less, it is cooled to a temperature of 200 ° C or less at a cooling rate of 100 ° C / hour or more, and an average crystal grain size of 80 µm. A method for producing an aluminum alloy thin sheet for packaging having excellent pitting corrosion resistance, characterized in that the following components are maintained and the components contributing to bake hardening are kept in a solid solution state, and further cold rolling is performed at a working rate of 30% or more.
01〜0.20%を含有している請求項1に記載の方
法。2. The aluminum alloy further has a Ti: 0.0.
The method according to claim 1, which contains 01 to 0.20%.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP30111391A JP3190957B2 (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-10-21 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy sheet for packaging with excellent pitting corrosion resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP30111391A JP3190957B2 (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-10-21 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy sheet for packaging with excellent pitting corrosion resistance |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH05112854A true JPH05112854A (en) | 1993-05-07 |
JP3190957B2 JP3190957B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 |
Family
ID=17892996
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP30111391A Expired - Lifetime JP3190957B2 (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-10-21 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy sheet for packaging with excellent pitting corrosion resistance |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP3190957B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004300457A (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Aluminum alloy sheet for can body |
WO2015027030A1 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-02-26 | Taheri Mitra Lenore | Selective grain boundary engineering |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019187301A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Overheating countermeasure method for electrical outlet, and electrical outlet |
-
1991
- 1991-10-21 JP JP30111391A patent/JP3190957B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004300457A (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Aluminum alloy sheet for can body |
WO2015027030A1 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-02-26 | Taheri Mitra Lenore | Selective grain boundary engineering |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3190957B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 |
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