JPH05106707A - Friction member for traction drive - Google Patents
Friction member for traction driveInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05106707A JPH05106707A JP3267495A JP26749591A JPH05106707A JP H05106707 A JPH05106707 A JP H05106707A JP 3267495 A JP3267495 A JP 3267495A JP 26749591 A JP26749591 A JP 26749591A JP H05106707 A JPH05106707 A JP H05106707A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- traction drive
- resin
- friction
- polyimide resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、複数の摩擦材間の摩
擦力によってトルクの伝達を行なうトラクションドライ
ブに適用されるトラクションドライブ用摩擦材に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction material for a traction drive applied to a traction drive that transmits torque by a frictional force between a plurality of friction materials.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、宇宙用マニピュレータ等の駆動力
伝達機構としては、軽量かつ大減速が可能な減速機が必
要とされ、たとえば歯車列やハーモニックドライブ等が
知られている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a driving force transmission mechanism for a space manipulator or the like, a speed reducer that is lightweight and capable of large deceleration has been required, and gear trains, harmonic drives, etc. are known.
【０００３】これらは、駆動力伝達時に転がり運動と同
時に滑り運動も行なうものであり、グリースや潤滑油を
本来的に必要とする。しかし、グリース等の使用に制限
の多い宇宙等の真空環境下では、摺動面が摩耗して耐久
性が低下する。These perform a rolling motion and a sliding motion at the same time when the driving force is transmitted, and essentially require grease or lubricating oil. However, in a vacuum environment such as space where there are many restrictions on the use of grease or the like, the sliding surface is worn and durability is reduced.
【０００４】そこで、前記駆動機構の長寿命化を図る観
点から、純転がり運動の達成が可能でありかつ可変速性
の優れたトラクションドライブの利用が注目されてき
た。From the viewpoint of prolonging the service life of the drive mechanism, attention has been paid to the use of a traction drive which can achieve a pure rolling motion and is excellent in variable speed.
【０００５】このようなトラクションドライブに用いら
れるロール状その他の形状の摩擦材は、ステンレス鋼、
窒化鋼その他の金属材料、またはこれらに耐摩耗性等の
所要特性を付与するセラミックスやクロム等の金属被膜
を表面に形成したものであった。Roll-shaped and other-shaped friction materials used in such traction drives include stainless steel,
It was formed on the surface with nitrided steel or other metal materials, or with a metal coating such as ceramics or chromium that imparts required properties such as wear resistance to these.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記材料から
なるトラクションドライブ用摩擦材は、被装着装置の軽
量化に貢献し得ないばかりか、被加熱時の耐摩耗性にも
劣り、また、摺動時に摩擦音が発生するという問題点が
ある。However, the friction material for a traction drive made of the above-mentioned material cannot contribute to weight reduction of the mounted device, and is inferior in abrasion resistance when heated and it also has a poor sliding property. There is a problem that a fricative noise is generated during movement.
【０００７】この発明は上記した問題点を解決し、トラ
クションドライブ用摩擦材の一層の軽量化を図ると共
に、このものの耐摩耗性を改良し、かつ摺動時に摩擦音
が発生しないものとすることを課題としている。The present invention solves the above problems, further reduces the weight of the friction material for a traction drive, improves the wear resistance of the friction material, and does not generate a friction noise during sliding. It is an issue.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の問題点を解決する
ため、摩擦力によってトルクの伝達を行なうトラクショ
ンドライブの摩擦材において、この摩擦材を熱変形温度
２００℃以上の耐熱性樹脂から形成したのである。In order to solve the above problems, in a friction material of a traction drive that transmits torque by frictional force, the friction material is formed of a heat resistant resin having a heat deformation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher. Of.
【０００９】また、前記耐熱性樹脂がロックウェル硬度
Ｍスケールにて６５以上の耐熱性樹脂であってよく、前
記耐熱性樹脂はポリイミド樹脂であってよい。The heat-resistant resin may be a heat-resistant resin having a Rockwell hardness M scale of 65 or more, and the heat-resistant resin may be a polyimide resin.
【００１０】以下、その詳細を述べる。The details will be described below.
【００１１】この発明に使用する耐熱性樹脂とは、ＡＳ
ＴＭＤ６４８に準じた熱変形温度測定試験において、荷
重４．６kgｆ／cm2 の条件下で、熱変形温度が２００℃
以上である耐熱性樹脂であり、さらにその耐熱性樹脂の
硬度は、ＡＳＴＭＤ７８５に準じたロックウェル硬度測
定試験において、Ｍスケールの測定条件下で、６５以上
である耐熱性樹脂が好ましい。熱変形温度が２００℃未
満のものでは、摺動時に変形を起こし、トルクの伝達性
に劣る。The heat-resistant resin used in the present invention is AS
In the heat distortion temperature measurement test according to TMD648, the heat distortion temperature is 200 ° C under the condition of load 4.6 kgf / cm 2.
The heat-resistant resin described above is preferable, and the hardness of the heat-resistant resin is preferably 65 or more under the M scale measurement condition in the Rockwell hardness measurement test according to ASTM D785. If the heat deformation temperature is less than 200 ° C, deformation occurs during sliding and torque transmission is poor.
【００１２】このような耐熱性樹脂としては、たとえ
ば、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、芳香族ポリエー
テルケトン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、ポ
リシアノアリールエーテル樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹
脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、芳香族
ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル
樹脂、射出成形可能なフッ素樹脂などが挙げられ、この
中でも特に耐熱性の優れたポリイミド樹脂が好ましい。Examples of such heat-resistant resin include polyamide resin, polyimide resin, aromatic polyetherketone resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polycyanoaryl ether resin, polyamideimide resin, polyetherimide resin, phenol resin, and aromatic resin. Examples thereof include group polyester resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and injection-moldable fluororesin. Among them, polyimide resin having excellent heat resistance is particularly preferable.
【００１３】上記したポリイミド樹脂としては、熱可塑
性、熱硬化性、非熱溶融性などの特性のあるポリイミド
樹脂であっても良く、たとえば下記の化１または化２の
式で示されるくり返し単位からなるポリイミド樹脂が挙
げられる。これらは、耐熱性、耐摩耗性、アウトガス特
性などに優れたものである。The above-mentioned polyimide resin may be a polyimide resin having characteristics such as thermoplasticity, thermosetting property and non-thermomelting property. For example, a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula 1 or chemical formula 2 may be used. The following polyimide resin may be mentioned. These are excellent in heat resistance, wear resistance, outgas characteristics and the like.
【００１４】[0014]
【化１】 [Chemical 1]
【００１５】[0015]
【化２】 [Chemical 2]
【００１６】上記化１の式で示されるポリイミド樹脂
は、ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸を主成分とするテトラ
カルボン酸成分とジアミノジフェニルエーテルやパラフ
ェニレンジアミンを主成分とする芳香族ジアミン成分と
を重合およびイミド化して得られ、具体的には宇部興産
社製「ユピモールＲ」、「ユピモールＳ」などを例示す
ることができる。The polyimide resin represented by the formula (1) above is obtained by polymerizing and imidizing a tetracarboxylic acid component containing biphenyltetracarboxylic acid as a main component and an aromatic diamine component containing diaminodiphenyl ether or paraphenylenediamine as a main component. “Yupimol R” and “Yupimol S” manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. can be specifically exemplified.
【００１７】また上記化２の式で示されるポリイミド樹
脂は、その材料が下記化３の式、The polyimide resin represented by the above formula 2 is made of the following chemical formula 3
【００１８】[0018]
【化３】 [Chemical 3]
【００１９】で表される４，４’−ビス（３−アミノフ
ェノキシ）ビフェニルと、ピロメリット酸二無水物とを
反応させることによってポリアミド酸を生成させ、その
ポリアミド酸を脱水環化して得ることができ、熱可塑性
を有するものである。このようなポリイミド樹脂として
は、三井東圧化学社製「Ｎｅｗ ＴＰＩ」などを例示す
ることができる。A polyamic acid is produced by reacting 4,4'-bis (3-aminophenoxy) biphenyl represented by and pyromellitic dianhydride, and the polyamic acid is obtained by dehydration cyclization. And has thermoplasticity. Examples of such a polyimide resin include "New TPI" manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.
【００２０】なお、この発明に用いる耐熱性樹脂に対
し、耐摩耗性やトラクション係数を向上させるために各
種の充填剤を添加しても良い。Various kinds of fillers may be added to the heat-resistant resin used in the present invention in order to improve wear resistance and traction coefficient.
【００２１】このような充填剤としては、シリコーン樹
脂、フッ素樹脂等の有機質耐熱性高分子材料を始めと
し、グラファイトまたは亜鉛、アルミニウム、マグネシ
ウム、モリブデンなどの金属もしくは酸化物などの熱伝
導改良用無機粉末、ガラスビーズ、ガラスフレーク、シ
リカバルーン、珪藻土、石綿、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸
カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、水酸
化カルシウム等の無機質粉末、グラファイト、酸化鉛、
カオリン、カーボン、マイカ、タルク、三酸化モリブデ
ン等の潤滑性向上用無機質粉末、ガラス繊維、炭素繊
維、グラファイト繊維、ウオラストナイト、チタン酸カ
リウムホイスカー、シリコンカーバイトホイスカー、サ
ファイアホイスカーなどの無機繊維およびホイスカー
類、鋼線、銅線、ステンレス線などの金属繊維、タング
ステン心線または炭素繊維などにボロン、炭化ケイ素な
どを蒸着したいわゆるボロン繊維、芳香族ポリアミド繊
維、ポリエチレン繊維、フェノール繊維などの有機繊維
および酸化鉄、硫化カドミウム、セレン化カドミウム、
カーボンブラック等の無機質顔料、シリコーンオイル、
エステルオイル、フッ素オイル、ポリフェニレンエーテ
ルオイル、ワックス、ステアリン酸亜鉛などの内部滑剤
的添加剤など数多くのものを例示することができる。Examples of such fillers include organic heat-resistant polymer materials such as silicone resins and fluororesins, and inorganic materials for improving heat conduction such as graphite or metals such as zinc, aluminum, magnesium, molybdenum or oxides. Powder, glass beads, glass flakes, silica balloon, diatomaceous earth, asbestos, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, inorganic powder such as calcium hydroxide, graphite, lead oxide,
Inorganic powders such as kaolin, carbon, mica, talc, molybdenum trioxide for improving lubricity, glass fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, wollastonite, potassium titanate whiskers, silicon carbide whiskers, sapphire whiskers and the like. Metal fibers such as whiskers, steel wire, copper wire, stainless wire, so-called boron fiber obtained by vapor deposition of boron, silicon carbide, etc. on tungsten core wire or carbon fiber, organic fiber such as aromatic polyamide fiber, polyethylene fiber, phenol fiber, etc. And iron oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide,
Inorganic pigments such as carbon black, silicone oil,
Examples thereof include ester oils, fluorine oils, polyphenylene ether oils, waxes, and internal lubricant additives such as zinc stearate.
【００２２】以上述べたこの発明の耐熱性樹脂は、射出
成形等にて所要の形状に成形した後、さらにポストキュ
アー処理、アニール処理などの熱処理を行なえば、硬度
および強度が向上し、摩擦材としてより好ましいものと
なる。The heat-resistant resin of the present invention described above is molded into a desired shape by injection molding or the like, and then subjected to heat treatment such as post-cure treatment or annealing treatment, whereby the hardness and strength are improved and the friction material is improved. Will be more preferable.
【００２３】[0023]
【実施例】実施例および比較例に使用した原材料を一括
して示すとつぎのとおりである。また、配合割合はすべ
て重量％である。EXAMPLES The raw materials used in Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized below. Moreover, all the compounding ratios are weight%.
【００２４】 （１）ポリイミド樹脂（化１の式で表わされるもの） （宇部興産社製：ユピモールＲ） （２）ポリイミド樹脂（化２の式で表わされるもの） （三井東圧化学社製：Ｎｅｗ ＴＰＩ） （３）フッ素樹脂 ＰＴＦＥ粉末（喜多村社製：ＫＴ−４００Ｈ） （４）モリブデン （日本新金属社製：モリブデン粉末） （５）酸化鉛 （品川化工社製：リサーチＳ） （６）ガラスフレーク （日本板硝子社製：ＣＥＦ１５０） （７）炭酸カルシウム （日窒工業社製：ＮＡ６００） （８）グラファイト （ロンザ社製：ＫＳ−６） （９）ＳＵＳ４４０Ｃ（硬度 ＨＵ＝６５０） （10）ＳＡＣＭ６４５（硬度 ＨＶ＝１０００） （11）窒化鋼（硬度 ＨＶ＝１３００） （12）ＳＵＳ４４０Ｃ＋Ｃｒ2 Ｏ3 （ＳＵＳ４４０Ｃの表面に約１０μｍの厚さで、Ｃｒ2
Ｏ3 の硬質被膜を形成させたもの） 〔実施例１〜７〕化１または化２で示すポリイミド樹脂
を主要材料とし、表１に示す割合で配合した上記原材料
をヘンシェルミキサーにて乾式混合した後、３９０〜４
１０℃、スクリュー回転数１００ｒｐｍの条件で二軸押
出機にて溶融混合した。その後、化１に示すポリイミド
樹脂を主要材料とする実施例１、３、４および７のもの
は３６０℃、１ｔｏｎ／cm2 の条件で加圧圧縮成形し、
化２に示すポリイミド樹脂を主要材料とする実施例２、
５および６のものは４００℃、１２００kg／cm2 の条件
で射出成形して、円板状（直径４０mm、厚さ１０mm）の
試験片を得た。この試験片を図１に示す試験装置に装着
して摩耗率（ｍ／ｒｅｖ．）トラクション係数、摩擦音
の発生の有無を調べた。(1) Polyimide resin (represented by the formula 1) (Ube Industries, Ltd .: Upimol R) (2) Polyimide resin (represented by the formula 2) (Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals: (New TPI) (3) Fluororesin PTFE powder (Kitamura: KT-400H) (4) Molybdenum (Nippon Shinkin Co., Ltd .: molybdenum powder) (5) Lead oxide (Shinagawa Kako: Research S) (6) Glass Flake (Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd .: CEF150) (7) Calcium Carbonate (Nitrogen Co., Ltd .: NA600) (8) Graphite (Lonza Co., Ltd .: KS-6) (9) SUS440C (Hardness HU = 650) (10) SACM645 in (hardness HV = 1000) (11) steel nitride (hardness HV = 1300) (12) SUS440C + Cr 2 O 3 ( thickness of about 10μm on the surface of SUS440C Cr 2
Hard coating of O 3 was formed) [Examples 1 to 7] The polyimide resin represented by Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2 was used as a main material, and the above raw materials mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 were dry-mixed by a Henschel mixer. Later, 390-4
Melt mixing was performed with a twin-screw extruder under the conditions of 10 ° C. and screw rotation speed of 100 rpm. After that, in Examples 1, 3, 4 and 7 in which the polyimide resin shown in Chemical formula 1 is the main material, pressure compression molding was performed under the conditions of 360 ° C. and 1 ton / cm 2 .
Example 2 using polyimide resin shown in Chemical formula 2 as a main material,
5 and 6 were injection-molded under the conditions of 400 ° C. and 1200 kg / cm 2 to obtain a disc-shaped (diameter 40 mm, thickness 10 mm) test piece. This test piece was mounted on the test apparatus shown in FIG. 1 to examine the wear rate (m / rev.) Traction coefficient and the presence or absence of the generation of friction noise.
【００２５】試験方法：図１に示す試験装置において、
真空容器１内の軸２に円板状試験片Ａを装着し、この軸
２をトルク変換器３を介したＰＷＭ制御の直流モータ４
で回転駆動した。また、他方の軸２ａにはＳＵＳ４４０
Ｃ製の鼓型（外周面が外側に膨らむ円曲面状を呈する円
板）の試験片Ｂを装着し、ベローズ５を介して上下可動
とし、真空容器１外部から押し付け力Ｗを作用させた。
また両軸は、回転計６、７にてその回転を計測し、軸端
には電磁ブレーキ８を取り付けて回転動力を吸収した。
試験時の条件は、真空度：１０-4Ｐａ、温度：室温、押
し付け力５０Ｎ、回転速度：５００ｒｐｍとした。Test method: In the test apparatus shown in FIG.
A disk-shaped test piece A is mounted on a shaft 2 in a vacuum container 1, and the shaft 2 is provided with a PWM motor DC motor 4 via a torque converter 3.
It was driven to rotate. Further, SUS440 is attached to the other shaft 2a.
A C-shaped hourglass-shaped (circular disk whose outer peripheral surface bulges outward) test piece B was mounted, and vertically movable via a bellows 5, and a pressing force W was applied from the outside of the vacuum container 1.
The rotations of both shafts were measured by tachometers 6 and 7, and an electromagnetic brake 8 was attached to the shaft ends to absorb rotational power.
The conditions at the time of the test were as follows: vacuum degree: 10 −4 Pa, temperature: room temperature, pressing force: 50 N, rotation speed: 500 rpm.
【００２６】また、トラクション係数は次のようにして
求めた。 トラクション係数：トルク変換器で測定される入力トル
クをＴｆ（Ｎ・cm）、円板状試験片Ａの半径をｒ（c
m）、２円板の押付け力をＷ（Ｎ）として、μ＝Ｔｆ／
Ｗ・ｒで表される値をトラクション係数μとした。 これらの結果を表１下段に併記した。The traction coefficient was determined as follows. Traction coefficient: The input torque measured by the torque converter is Tf (N · cm), and the radius of the disc-shaped test piece A is r (c
m) Letting the pressing force of the two discs be W (N), μ = Tf /
The value represented by W · r was defined as the traction coefficient μ. These results are also shown in the lower part of Table 1.
【００２７】[0027]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２８】[0028]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２９】〔比較例１〜４〕表２に示す材料をトラク
ションドライブ用摩擦材として、実施例と同じ寸法の円
板状試験片Ａを形成した。これを前記試験装置に装着す
ると共に、表２に示す材料で実施例と同じ寸法で形成し
た鼓型の試験片Ｂを装着し、実施例と全く同じ条件で試
験を行ない、その結果を表２下段に併記した。[Comparative Examples 1 to 4] Using the materials shown in Table 2 as a friction material for a traction drive, a disc-shaped test piece A having the same size as that of the example was formed. This was mounted on the above-mentioned test device, and a drum-shaped test piece B formed of the material shown in Table 2 and having the same dimensions as in the example was mounted, and the test was performed under exactly the same conditions as in the example. Also shown in the lower row.
【００３０】表１および表２の物性の結果から明らかな
ように、比較例１〜４の金属材料では耐摩耗性が著しく
悪く、摩擦音の発生量が多い。As is clear from the results of the physical properties shown in Tables 1 and 2, the metal materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 have remarkably poor wear resistance and generate a large amount of friction noise.
【００３１】一方、実施例１〜７のポリイミド樹脂材料
は摩擦音の発生も無く、耐摩耗性にも優れかつトラクシ
ョン係数の値も優れたものであった。On the other hand, the polyimide resin materials of Examples 1 to 7 were free of frictional noise, excellent in abrasion resistance and excellent in traction coefficient.
【００３２】[0032]
【効果】この発明は、以上説明したように、トラクショ
ンドライブ用摩擦片を耐熱性樹脂から形成したものであ
るから、この摩擦片を用いたトラクションドライブの軽
量化に貢献し、耐熱性、機械的特性、耐摩耗性に優れ、
かつトラクション係数も大きく摩擦音の発生もない。As described above, according to the present invention, the friction piece for the traction drive is formed of the heat-resistant resin, so that it contributes to the weight reduction of the traction drive using the friction piece, the heat resistance and the mechanical strength. It has excellent characteristics and wear resistance,
Moreover, the traction coefficient is large and no frictional noise is generated.
【００３３】したがって、真空中で使用されるトラクシ
ョンドライブ用摩擦材としては最適のものであり、この
発明の意義は極めて大きいといえる。Therefore, it is the most suitable friction material for a traction drive used in a vacuum, and the significance of the present invention can be said to be extremely great.
【図１】実験装置を説明する一部断面側面図FIG. 1 is a partial sectional side view illustrating an experimental device.
１ 真空容器 ２、２ａ 軸 ３ トルク変換器 Ａ、Ｂ 試験片 Ｗ 押し付け力 1 Vacuum container 2, 2a Shaft 3 Torque converter A, B Test piece W Pressing force
Claims (3)
ラクションドライブの摩擦材において、この摩擦材を熱
変形温度２００℃以上の耐熱性樹脂から形成したことを
特徴とするトラクションドライブ用摩擦材。1. A friction material for a traction drive that transmits torque by a friction force, wherein the friction material is formed of a heat-resistant resin having a heat deformation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher.
ケールにて６５以上の耐熱性樹脂である請求項１記載の
トラクションドライブ用摩擦材。2. The friction material for a traction drive according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant resin is a heat-resistant resin having a Rockwell hardness M scale of 65 or more.
請求項１または２記載のトラクションドライブ用摩擦
材。3. The friction material for a traction drive according to claim 1, wherein the heat resistant resin is a polyimide resin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3267495A JPH05106707A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Friction member for traction drive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3267495A JPH05106707A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Friction member for traction drive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05106707A true JPH05106707A (en) | 1993-04-27 |
Family
ID=17445649
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3267495A Pending JPH05106707A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Friction member for traction drive |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05106707A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7452926B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2008-11-18 | Jtekt Corporation | Resin pulley formed of a resin composition having a phenol resin, an inorganic powder , a reinforcing fiber, and a lubricant |
| WO2009123042A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-08 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Friction material and resin composition for friction material |
| JP2009249454A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Frictional material |
-
1991
- 1991-10-16 JP JP3267495A patent/JPH05106707A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7452926B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2008-11-18 | Jtekt Corporation | Resin pulley formed of a resin composition having a phenol resin, an inorganic powder , a reinforcing fiber, and a lubricant |
| WO2009123042A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-08 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Friction material and resin composition for friction material |
| JP2009242656A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Ube Ind Ltd | Friction material and resin composition for friction material |
| US8748509B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2014-06-10 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Friction material and resin composition for friction material |
| JP2009249454A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Frictional material |
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