JPH0450877B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0450877B2 JPH0450877B2 JP58122947A JP12294783A JPH0450877B2 JP H0450877 B2 JPH0450877 B2 JP H0450877B2 JP 58122947 A JP58122947 A JP 58122947A JP 12294783 A JP12294783 A JP 12294783A JP H0450877 B2 JPH0450877 B2 JP H0450877B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- present
- amount
- peat
- heavy metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001290610 Abildgaardia Species 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、有害重金属を含有する廃棄物を無害
化処理する方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、水溶
性有害重金属を含有する廃棄物からの重金属の水
への溶出量を著しく低減させる廃棄物の無害化処
理方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for detoxifying waste containing hazardous heavy metals. More specifically, the present invention relates to a waste detoxification treatment method that significantly reduces the amount of heavy metals eluted into water from waste containing water-soluble toxic heavy metals.
燃えがら、汚泥、鉱さいなどの固形廃棄物は再
利用される極めて僅かの例を除いて従来より大部
分のものが埋立処分される。しかし、このような
廃棄物中に、銅、カドミウム、クロム、水銀など
の有害重金属が含まれている場合には、廃棄物が
地盤中に埋立られた後に、降水、地下水などによ
り廃棄物が水洗されて上記の重金属が溶出される
可能性があり、生物に悪影響を与えたり、周辺水
域環境を汚濁させる。そのために上述のような有
害重金属を含有する廃棄物はその溶出を防止する
ために、重金属の無害化処理が行なわれている。 Traditionally, most solid wastes such as cinders, sludge, and slag are disposed of in landfills, with the exception of very few cases in which they are recycled. However, if such waste contains hazardous heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, chromium, and mercury, the waste may be washed away by precipitation, groundwater, etc. after it is buried in the ground. The heavy metals mentioned above may be leached out, which may have a negative impact on living organisms and contaminate the surrounding water environment. For this reason, wastes containing the above-mentioned harmful heavy metals are subjected to detoxification treatment to prevent them from leaching out.
ところで、一般に上述の重金属が水溶液中に存
在する場合、その無害化処理は容易である。例え
ばカドミウム、鉛などについては、アルカリを添
加して水に不溶性の水酸化物に変化させて沈澱、
分離させたり、或いはイオン交換樹脂処理を行な
つて金属イオンをイオン交換分離することにより
水中から除去する方法が採られている。またシア
ン化合物やクロム酸イオンなどの場合には、化学
薬品で処理することにより、酸化分解や還元処理
を行なつて無害な他の化学種に変化させる方法が
用いられている。 By the way, when the above-mentioned heavy metals are present in an aqueous solution, it is generally easy to detoxify them. For example, cadmium, lead, etc. are precipitated by adding alkali to change them into water-insoluble hydroxides.
Methods have been adopted to remove metal ions from water by separating them or by treating them with an ion exchange resin to separate them by ion exchange. In the case of cyanide compounds, chromate ions, etc., a method is used in which they are treated with chemicals to perform oxidative decomposition or reduction treatment to convert them into other harmless chemical species.
しかし、クリーム泥、泥状、砂状のような固形
廃棄物が水溶性の重金属化合物を含有している場
合には、上述の処理方法を適用することは困難で
あり、特に重金属を廃棄物から除去する有効な方
法は見出されていない。このような水溶性の有害
重金属を含む廃棄物の経済的な処理方法として
は、セメント、石灰などの固化材を用いて廃棄物
を固化する固化方法が一般に採用されている。 However, when solid waste such as cream mud, mud, or sand contains water-soluble heavy metal compounds, it is difficult to apply the above treatment method. No effective method of removal has been found. As an economical method for treating waste containing such water-soluble toxic heavy metals, a solidification method is generally employed in which the waste is solidified using a solidifying agent such as cement or lime.
しかし、この方法では一部の重金属イオンの固
定が困難であるだけでなく、有害重金属を固定す
る際に、通常廃棄物と同量もしくはそれ以上の固
化材を用いる必要があり、その結果として得られ
る処理廃棄物量が著しく増大するために、埋立処
分などの最終処分に必要なスペースが大きくなる
欠点がある。 However, with this method, not only is it difficult to fix some heavy metal ions, but also it is necessary to use the same amount of solidification material as normal waste or more when fixing toxic heavy metals, and as a result, the amount of solidification material This has the disadvantage that the amount of waste to be processed increases significantly, which increases the space required for final disposal such as landfill.
またこのような有害重金属を含む廃棄物に特定
の添加材を混練したり、或いは特定の雰囲気下に
設定して、廃棄物を高温で加熱する焼結法や焼成
法と呼ばれる処理法が用いられることもある。 Additionally, processing methods called sintering and firing methods are used, in which waste containing such hazardous heavy metals is kneaded with specific additives, or the waste is heated at high temperatures under a specific atmosphere. Sometimes.
これらの方法では上述の固化法の場合よりも重
金属の無害化を計ることが可能であるが、大量の
エネルギーを消費することとになるため、得られ
た処理物の有効利用ができない場合には、経済的
な理由で採用が困難である。また加熱処理に際し
て副生する排ガスにより、廃棄物の種類によつて
はいわゆる二次公害が引き起されることがある。 These methods can make heavy metals more harmless than the solidification method described above, but they consume a large amount of energy, so if the resulting processed material cannot be used effectively, , difficult to employ for economic reasons. Also, depending on the type of waste, so-called secondary pollution may be caused by exhaust gas produced as a by-product during the heat treatment.
本発明者等は上述の事情に鑑み、廃棄物中の水
溶性の重金属を固定し得て、経済的に固形廃棄物
を処理する方法を見出すべく、鋭意検討を重ねた
結果、以下に示す本発明の方法を得るに至つた。 In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies to find a method for economically disposing of solid waste that can fix water-soluble heavy metals in waste, and have developed the following book. This led to the discovery of an inventive method.
すなわち本発明は、水溶性の有害重金属を含む
廃棄物の含水率を20％以上に調整した後、泥炭の
嵌装物もしくはそれを改質した材料を、含水率を
調整した廃棄物の重量に対して0.2％以上の重量
で添加し、ついで均一に混練することにより、固
形廃棄物を処理するものである。 That is, in the present invention, after adjusting the moisture content of waste containing water-soluble toxic heavy metals to 20% or more, peat fillings or materials modified therewith are added to the weight of the waste whose moisture content has been adjusted. Solid waste is treated by adding 0.2% or more by weight to the solid waste and then uniformly kneading it.
本発明において処理対象となる固形廃棄物は特
にその性状に限定されるものではないが、クリー
ム状もしくは粉末状になつている均質なものが特
に好ましい。また簡単な物理的操作、例えば粉
砕、調湿、天日乾燥などで、容易に上記の形態に
なるものでも望ましい廃棄物である。なお本発明
の方法で処理するためには、固形分の粒子が５mm
望ましくは１mm以下になつているのが、その趣旨
を達成するのに望ましいものである。本発明を実
施するに際して、廃棄物の固形分を上記の形態に
加工する方法に対しても特に限定されるものでは
ない。 The solid waste to be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited in its properties, but homogeneous ones in the form of cream or powder are particularly preferred. Also, materials that can be easily transformed into the above forms through simple physical operations such as crushing, humidity conditioning, and drying in the sun are also desirable wastes. In addition, in order to process with the method of the present invention, the solid content particles must be 5 mm.
In order to achieve the purpose, it is preferable that the thickness be 1 mm or less. In carrying out the present invention, there are no particular limitations on the method of processing the solid content of waste into the above-described form.
次に本発明の方法により処理される廃棄物中に
含まれている有害重金属に対しても特に限定され
ない。本発明においては、カドミウム、銅、鉛、
水銀などのいわゆる重金属類をカチオンとして水
溶液中に溶解させる化合物を含んでいる場合がそ
の趣旨を達成するために好ましい。しかし、クロ
ム酸イオン、シアンなどのアニオンの化学種が少
量含まれていることを妨げるものではない。 Next, there are no particular limitations on the harmful heavy metals contained in the waste treated by the method of the present invention. In the present invention, cadmium, copper, lead,
In order to achieve this purpose, it is preferable to include a compound that dissolves so-called heavy metals such as mercury as a cation in an aqueous solution. However, this does not preclude the inclusion of small amounts of anionic chemical species such as chromate ions and cyanide.
上述の重金属化合物の廃棄物中の含有量は本発
明において特に限定されるものではないが、環境
庁告示第13号法で測定された場合の重金属溶出量
が50mg／ml以下であることが望まれる。 The content of the above-mentioned heavy metal compounds in the waste is not particularly limited in the present invention, but it is desirable that the amount of heavy metals eluted is 50 mg/ml or less when measured according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 method. It will be done.
本発明の方法で上記の如き廃棄物を処理する際
に、廃棄物中の重金属を有効に固定するためにま
ず廃棄物の含水率が20％以上になるように調整す
ることになる。上記含水率が低い場合には廃棄物
と本発明に用いる材料とを均一に混練するのが困
難であり、さらに本発明の趣旨を達成するために
は含水率の高い場合よりも混練に長時間を要する
ことになる。一方、廃棄物の含水率の高い場合に
は、本発明に用いる材料の使用量が非常に多くな
るので好ましくなく、特に好ましい含水率の範囲
は20〜85％の範囲に該当する。 When treating the above-mentioned waste by the method of the present invention, the water content of the waste is first adjusted to 20% or more in order to effectively fix heavy metals in the waste. When the water content is low, it is difficult to uniformly knead the waste and the material used in the present invention, and furthermore, in order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, kneading takes longer than when the water content is high. It will require. On the other hand, if the water content of the waste is high, it is not preferable because the amount of the material used in the present invention will be extremely large, and a particularly preferable range of water content falls within the range of 20 to 85%.
実際の固形廃棄物の場合には、その含水率が前
記の範囲からはずれていることが多い。従つてそ
の含水率を前記の範囲に調整しなければならな
い。含水率が低い場合は簡単であり、所定量の水
を補給すればよいが、逆に含水率が高い場合には
廃棄物を脱水もしくは乾燥する必要がある。 In the case of actual solid waste, its moisture content often deviates from the above range. Therefore, its moisture content must be adjusted within the above range. When the moisture content is low, it is easy to replenish the predetermined amount of water, but when the moisture content is high, it is necessary to dehydrate or dry the waste.
廃棄物の脱水あるいは乾燥の方法としては特に
限定されないが、例えば脱水方法としては、遠心
濾過や加圧濾過による脱水が適用され、具体的に
はデカンター、フイルター・プレス、ベルト・プ
レスなどが用いることができる。また天日乾燥も
しくは強制乾燥により廃棄物より水分を蒸発させ
ることも有効である。 The method for dewatering or drying the waste is not particularly limited, but for example, dehydration using centrifugal filtration or pressure filtration can be applied, and specifically, a decanter, filter press, belt press, etc. can be used. I can do it. It is also effective to evaporate moisture from the waste by solar drying or forced drying.
上述のようにして調整された廃棄物に対して、
本発明においては次に泥炭の乾燥物もしくはその
改質材料が添加される。本発明における泥炭とは
腐朽したあし、すげ、みずごけなどの植物遺体が
嫌気性環境下に堆積し、ある程度生化学的分解を
受け、黄褐色または褐色を呈したものを指す。 For the waste prepared as described above,
In the present invention, dry peat or a modified material thereof is then added. Peat in the present invention refers to decayed plant remains such as leg, sedge, and sphagnum moss that are deposited in an anaerobic environment and undergo biochemical decomposition to some extent, resulting in a yellowish-brown or brown color.
この泥炭を採掘した状態では通常大量の水を含
んでいるので、本発明において使用するには適当
ではなく、前記の廃棄物に対して規定された含水
率と同じような範囲内に入るように乾燥する必要
がある。また泥炭を改質した材料とは、泥炭ある
いはその乾燥物を塩酸、硫酸、硝酸もしくはその
混合物の濃厚溶液中に５〜60分浸漬処理した後、
洗浄液が中性を示すまで水洗し、乾燥したものを
指し、泥炭の乾燥物よりさらに本発明の趣旨を達
成するために好ましいものである。 This peat, in its mined state, usually contains large amounts of water and is therefore not suitable for use in the present invention, and should be kept within a range similar to the moisture content specified for the wastes described above. Needs to dry. In addition, peat-modified materials refer to peat or its dried material after being immersed in a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or a mixture thereof for 5 to 60 minutes.
It refers to peat that has been washed with water until the washing liquid becomes neutral and then dried, and is more preferable than dried peat in order to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
本発明における上述の材料の廃棄物への添加量
は、廃棄物の含水率、廃棄物に含まれる水溶性重
金属化合物の種類と濃度、その他の要因により変
化する。 The amount of the above-mentioned materials added to waste in the present invention varies depending on the moisture content of the waste, the type and concentration of water-soluble heavy metal compounds contained in the waste, and other factors.
しかし、本発明の趣旨を達成するためには、廃
棄物の単位重量当たり0.2％以上配合しなければ
ならず、配合量が大きくなれば、その趣旨を達成
することが容易となることは勿論である。 However, in order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the content must be at least 0.2% per unit weight of waste, and it goes without saying that the larger the amount, the easier it will be to achieve the purpose. be.
しかし、本発明においては、上述の材料の廃棄
物への添加量は処理すべき廃棄物の重量の５％以
下で充分である。廃棄物に含まれている重金属の
濃度が低く、溶出量が10mg／以下である場合に
は１％以下の配合量で目的を達成することができ
る。 However, in the present invention, it is sufficient that the amount of the above-mentioned materials added to the waste is 5% or less of the weight of the waste to be treated. If the concentration of heavy metals contained in the waste is low and the elution amount is 10 mg/or less, the objective can be achieved with a blending amount of 1% or less.
本発明において上述のように泥炭の乾燥物もし
くはその改質材料を配合された廃棄物は、次に混
練されるが、混練に用いられる手段に関しては特
に限定されるものではない。しかし、前記の添加
材料として繊維質の多いものを用いる場合には、
混練機能と同時に対象物を剪断する機能を有する
装置を利用するものが望まれる。具体的な装置と
しては、垂直な攪拌翼を有する攪拌槽、一軸もし
くは二軸の攪拌パドル付きの水平軸を有する混合
機、あるいは回転混合機などが利用される。 In the present invention, the waste mixed with dried peat or its modified material as described above is then kneaded, but there are no particular limitations on the means used for kneading. However, when using a material with a lot of fiber as the additive material,
It is desirable to use a device that has the function of kneading and simultaneously shearing the object. As a specific device, a stirring tank having a vertical stirring blade, a mixer having a horizontal shaft with one or two stirring paddles, a rotary mixer, etc. are used.
これらの装置で廃棄物と上述の添加材料を均一
に混練するのに要する時間は、用いる混練装置の
種類、廃棄物の性状、添加材料の配合量などによ
つて異なるが、10〜60分の範囲で十分である。 The time required to uniformly knead the waste and the above-mentioned additive materials using these devices varies depending on the type of kneading device used, the nature of the waste, the amount of additive materials, etc., but it takes between 10 and 60 minutes. The range is sufficient.
本発明において用いられる添加材は、実施例に
示すように金属イオン、特にカドミウム、鉛、水
銀などの陽イオンに対して秀れたイオン交換能力
あるいは吸着能力を示し、水溶液中の重金属濃度
がほぼ10mg／の場合には、そのほぼ2000倍位の
重金属を添加材中に取込むことができる。 As shown in the examples, the additive used in the present invention exhibits excellent ion exchange ability or adsorption ability for metal ions, especially cations such as cadmium, lead, and mercury, and the heavy metal concentration in the aqueous solution is almost constant. In the case of 10mg/, approximately 2000 times more heavy metals can be incorporated into the additive.
従つて、このような金属イオンを含む廃棄物に
対して本発明の方法で処理する場合、得られた処
理物からの金属の水中への溶出を防止することが
可能である。 Therefore, when waste containing such metal ions is treated by the method of the present invention, it is possible to prevent metals from leaching into water from the resulting treated product.
また本発明の方法で処理する場合、得られた処
理物の増量の程度は極めて僅かなものであり、そ
の埋立処分等の最終処分に与える影響も小さいも
のである。また本発明において添加される材料は
中性ないし微酸性であり、しかも配合量が少量で
あることから、廃棄物のPHに与える影響は小さ
い。従つて、例えばセメント、石灰などの強アル
カリ性の固化材を用いて廃棄物を固化処理法の場
合には、処理に際するいわゆる養生期間を大きく
取る必要があるが、本発明の方法においてはこの
ような養生期間は不必要となる利点もある。 Furthermore, when processing according to the method of the present invention, the amount of the obtained processed material increases to a very small extent, and the influence on final disposal such as landfill disposal is also small. Furthermore, the materials added in the present invention are neutral or slightly acidic, and the amount added is small, so the influence on the pH of the waste is small. Therefore, when solidifying waste using a strongly alkaline solidifying agent such as cement or lime, it is necessary to take a long period of time for the treatment, but the method of the present invention does not require a long curing period. There is also the advantage that such a curing period is unnecessary.
さらに本発明の実施に際して用いられる材料は
天然に産する物で、従来有効な利用方法の見出さ
れていなかつたものを原料にして、簡単な加工を
施すだけで利用するものであるから、一旦使用し
た材料が回収されずにいわゆる使い捨てになつて
も、本発明の有害廃棄物の処理方法は極めて経済
的なものになり、利用価値の高いものである。 Furthermore, the materials used in carrying out the present invention are naturally occurring materials, for which no effective use has been found in the past, and are used after simple processing. Even if the used materials are not recovered and become disposable, the hazardous waste disposal method of the present invention is extremely economical and has high utility value.
また本発明の方法で廃棄物処理を実施したあと
固化材による固化法などの他の廃棄物処理法と組
合せることも本発明の趣旨に反するものではな
い。 Further, it is not contrary to the spirit of the present invention to combine waste treatment with other waste treatment methods such as a solidification method using a solidification material after waste treatment by the method of the present invention.
以下、実施例に基き本発明の態様を述べるが、
本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるもので
はない。 Hereinafter, aspects of the present invention will be described based on Examples.
The present invention is not limited to these examples.
実施例 １
メツキ・スラツジに塩化カドミウムの濃厚水溶
液を添加、混練して人工スラツジを調整した。こ
の人工スラツジ（以下スラツジＡと呼ぶ）の含水
率は95.5％であつた。このスラツジＡを雨水が入
らないようにして天日乾燥を１週間実施して含水
率52.5％のスラツジ（以下スラツジＢと呼ぶ）を
得た。Example 1 An artificial sludge was prepared by adding a concentrated aqueous solution of cadmium chloride to Mekki sludge and kneading it. The moisture content of this artificial sludge (hereinafter referred to as sludge A) was 95.5%. This sludge A was dried in the sun for one week to prevent rainwater from entering, to obtain sludge with a moisture content of 52.5% (hereinafter referred to as sludge B).
次に埼玉県にて採掘した泥炭（含水率96％、強
熱減量68％）を含水率が6.3％になるまで、天日
乾燥を行ない、次にこれを乳ばちで摺りつぶして
茶かつ色の微粉末（最大粒径0.6mm）を得た。 Next, peat mined in Saitama Prefecture (moisture content: 96%, loss on ignition: 68%) was sun-dried until the moisture content reached 6.3%, and then ground with a pestle to create a tea cutlet. A colored fine powder (maximum particle size 0.6 mm) was obtained.
次に第１図の泥炭粉末の配合量と溶出液中のカ
ドミウム濃度の関係を示す図表に示すように一定
量のスラツジＢに対して、所定量の上記泥炭粉末
を添加し、ホバート・ミキサーにて５分間攪拌し
て、スラツジと泥炭の均一混合物を作つた。１時
間後にこの均一混合物の一部を採取し、環境庁告
示第13号の方法で混合物からの重金属の溶出試験
を行ない、原子吸光々度法により溶出液中のカド
ミウムの濃度の分析を行なつた。結果を表中に示
す。 Next, as shown in the chart in Figure 1 showing the relationship between the amount of peat powder mixed and the cadmium concentration in the eluate, a predetermined amount of the above peat powder was added to a certain amount of sludge B, and the mixture was placed in a Hobart mixer. and stirred for 5 minutes to create a homogeneous mixture of sludge and peat. After one hour, a portion of this homogeneous mixture was collected, and a heavy metal elution test was conducted from the mixture using the method specified in Environment Agency Notification No. 13, and the concentration of cadmium in the eluate was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Ta. The results are shown in the table.
実施例 ２
実施例１のスラツジＡに対して、実施例１に示
されている泥炭粉末を用い、実施例１と同様にし
て泥炭粉末を添加し、混練し、重金属の溶出試験
を行なつた。泥炭粉末の配合量と溶出液中のカド
ミウム濃度の関係を第２図の泥炭粉末の配合量と
溶出液中のカドミウム濃度の関係を示す図表に示
す。Example 2 The peat powder shown in Example 1 was added to the sludge A of Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1, kneaded, and a heavy metal elution test was conducted. . The relationship between the amount of peat powder blended and the cadmium concentration in the eluate is shown in the chart of FIG. 2 showing the relationship between the amount of peat powder blended and the cadmium concentration in the eluate.
この実施例で用いたスラツジの含水率は実施例
１に用いたものより高いために、単位固形分当り
に処理の必要なスラツジ量を計算すれば、この実
施例の場合は、実施例１の場合のほぼ10.6倍に該
当する。しかし、溶出カドミウム濃度が0.1mg／
ml以下になる泥炭の量はこの実施例の場合は実施
例１の場合のほぼ1/5になつているため、実際に
10.6倍のスラツジを処理する場合に必要な泥炭の
量は実施例１の場合の2.1倍に過ぎない。 Since the moisture content of the sludge used in this example is higher than that used in Example 1, if the amount of sludge that needs to be treated per unit solid content is calculated, in the case of this example, This is approximately 10.6 times the case. However, the eluted cadmium concentration was 0.1mg/
In this example, the amount of peat that becomes less than ml is approximately 1/5 of that in Example 1, so in reality
The amount of peat required to treat 10.6 times as much sludge as in Example 1 is only 2.1 times.
実施例 ３
石炭焼却灰にクロム酸カリウム水溶液を混練し
て、含水率75.8％の人工ヘドロを調整した。この
ヘドロに対して実施例１で用いた泥炭粉末を実施
例１と同様にして添加し、混練して、重金属の溶
出試験を行なつた。この時の泥炭粉末の配合量と
溶出液中のクロム濃度の関係を第３図の泥炭粉末
の配合量と溶出液中のクロム濃度の関係を示す図
表混練した所、そのクロム溶出量は1.6mg／で
あり、５部を添加しても、0.50mg／にしかなら
なかつた。Example 3 An aqueous potassium chromate solution was mixed with coal incineration ash to prepare artificial sludge with a water content of 75.8%. The peat powder used in Example 1 was added to this sludge in the same manner as in Example 1, kneaded, and a heavy metal elution test was conducted. At this time, the relationship between the amount of peat powder blended and the chromium concentration in the eluate is shown in Figure 3. When kneaded, the amount of chromium eluted was 1.6 mg. /, and even if 5 parts were added, the amount was only 0.50 mg/.
このことは、本発明に於ける上述した顕著な効
果が単に吸着能力のみによつて奏されているもの
でないことを裏付けしている。 This proves that the above-mentioned remarkable effects of the present invention are not simply due to the adsorption ability.
第１図〜第３図は本発明の実施データを示した
図表である。
1 to 3 are charts showing implementation data of the present invention.
Claims (1)
20〜80％に調整した後、泥炭の乾燥物もしくはそ
れを改質した材料を、含水率を調整した廃棄物の
重量に対して0.2％以上の重量で添加し、ついで
均一に混練することを特徴とする有害廃棄物の処
理方法。1. Evaluate the water content of waste containing water-soluble toxic heavy metals.
After adjusting the moisture content to 20 to 80%, dry peat or a material modified from it is added in an amount of 0.2% or more based on the weight of the waste whose moisture content has been adjusted, and then kneaded uniformly. Characteristic hazardous waste treatment method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58122947A JPS60187382A (en) | 1983-07-06 | 1983-07-06 | Treatment of hazardous waste material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58122947A JPS60187382A (en) | 1983-07-06 | 1983-07-06 | Treatment of hazardous waste material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60187382A JPS60187382A (en) | 1985-09-24 |
| JPH0450877B2 true JPH0450877B2 (en) | 1992-08-17 |
Family
ID=14848553
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58122947A Granted JPS60187382A (en) | 1983-07-06 | 1983-07-06 | Treatment of hazardous waste material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60187382A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006272142A (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corp | Method and apparatus for preventing elution of heavy metal in sludge |
| WO2010103819A1 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Izumo Yumin | Filter medium using granular activated coal for purifying eutrophic sewage caused by nitrogen or phosphorus, water purification plant utilizing same, method of treating sludge with fine activated-coal powder as ion-exchange material, and various recycle materials produced by the method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51148963A (en) * | 1975-06-17 | 1976-12-21 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Sludge and pollut ed earth treatment |
| JPS5715952A (en) * | 1981-05-30 | 1982-01-27 | Rengo Co Ltd | Single facer manufacturing one surface corrugated cardboard |
-
1983
- 1983-07-06 JP JP58122947A patent/JPS60187382A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51148963A (en) * | 1975-06-17 | 1976-12-21 | Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Sludge and pollut ed earth treatment |
| JPS5715952A (en) * | 1981-05-30 | 1982-01-27 | Rengo Co Ltd | Single facer manufacturing one surface corrugated cardboard |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60187382A (en) | 1985-09-24 |
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