JPH0448611B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0448611B2 JPH0448611B2 JP58224625A JP22462583A JPH0448611B2 JP H0448611 B2 JPH0448611 B2 JP H0448611B2 JP 58224625 A JP58224625 A JP 58224625A JP 22462583 A JP22462583 A JP 22462583A JP H0448611 B2 JPH0448611 B2 JP H0448611B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- grooved
- sleeve
- groove
- serrated teeth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
- B29C48/685—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
- B29C48/686—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having grooves or cavities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/56—Screws having grooves or cavities other than the thread or the channel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92514—Pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92523—Force; Tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92533—Torque
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92714—Degree of crosslinking, solidification, crystallinity or homogeneity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
- B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は押出機又は射出成形機に応用できる溝
付シリンダに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a grooved cylinder that can be applied to an extruder or an injection molding machine.
第1図は従来の押出機における溝付シリンダの
側断面図、第2図は第1図のY〜Y断面図であ
る。押出機において原料樹脂の送り能力を向上さ
せるためには、溝付シリンダ1と樹脂の回転方向
における摩擦力を大きくすることが効果的であ
る。この目的を達成するため、従来は第1図及び
第2図の如くシリンダ1の内面に凹状の溝3をシ
リンダの軸方向に切つて、樹脂の回転方向のすべ
りをなくし、軸方向のみに樹脂が進むようにして
いた。これが溝付シリンダと云われるものであ
り、押出性能を向上するために利用されることが
多かつた。なお、2はスクリユである。 FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a grooved cylinder in a conventional extruder, and FIG. 2 is a Y-Y cross-sectional view of FIG. In order to improve the feeding ability of raw resin in an extruder, it is effective to increase the frictional force between the grooved cylinder 1 and the resin in the rotational direction. To achieve this purpose, conventionally, a concave groove 3 is cut in the inner surface of the cylinder 1 in the axial direction of the cylinder, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, to eliminate slippage of the resin in the rotational direction, and I was trying to make progress. This is called a grooved cylinder and was often used to improve extrusion performance. Note that 2 is a screw.
一方押出機は各種樹脂を可塑化するために使用
されるが、樹脂によつて必要とするシリンダと樹
脂の摩擦力が異なる。しかし前記溝付シリンダは
取換えが容易でなく、従つて使用樹脂に最適な溝
を選択できない欠点があつた。更にこの部分の摩
擦力を変化させ、供給部より先の樹脂圧力のコン
トロールをすることになると、従来の方法ではス
クリユ回転数によるコントロール方法以外は困難
であつた。 On the other hand, extruders are used to plasticize various resins, but the frictional force required between the cylinder and the resin differs depending on the resin. However, the grooved cylinder is not easy to replace, and therefore has the disadvantage that it is not possible to select the optimum groove for the resin used. Furthermore, it has been difficult to control the resin pressure beyond the supply section by changing the frictional force in this portion, using conventional methods other than control using the screw rotation speed.
本発明は前記従来の欠点を解消するために提案
されたもので、溝付シリンダの凹溝幅を可変にす
ることにより、各種樹脂への対応を容易にし、更
に進めて送り能力のコントロールに利用すること
を可能にしたものであり、回転自在にスクリユが
挿入される押出機又は射出成形機のシリンダの基
部、即ち原料供給側のシリンダ端部の内面に凹溝
を持つ溝付シリンダにおいて、同シリンダ端部の
内周面に軸方向に向け、一側面は軸心に平行し、
他側面は軸心に対し傾斜し先端において前記一側
面と交わる鋸歯状の複数の凹溝を等間隔に形成
し、これと別に同凹溝と同数及び同形状で、かつ
同凹溝の深さにほぼ等しい厚さを有する鋸歯状の
複数の歯を先端部に等間隔に形成したスリーブを
設け、同スリーブを前記シリンダの鋸歯状の複数
の凹溝内に前記鋸歯状の複数の歯が係合するよう
に同シリンダ内に移動自在に挿入し、同鋸歯状の
複数の歯の内周面が同シリンダの内周面の一部を
形成するようにしたことを特徴とする溝付シリン
ダを提供せんとするものである。 The present invention was proposed to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and by making the groove width of the grooved cylinder variable, it can be easily applied to various resins, and furthermore, it can be used to control the feeding capacity. In a grooved cylinder having a concave groove on the inner surface of the base of the cylinder of an extruder or injection molding machine into which the screw is rotatably inserted, that is, the end of the cylinder on the raw material supply side, Directed axially toward the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder end, one side parallel to the axis,
The other side surface is formed with a plurality of sawtooth grooves at equal intervals that are inclined with respect to the axis and intersect with the one side surface at the tip, and apart from this, the grooves have the same number and shape as the grooves, and have the same depth as the grooves. A sleeve having a plurality of serrated teeth having a thickness approximately equal to that formed at equal intervals on the tip thereof is provided, and the plurality of serrated teeth are engaged in the plurality of serrated grooves of the cylinder. A grooved cylinder is movably inserted into the cylinder so as to fit together, and the inner circumferential surface of the plurality of sawtooth teeth forms a part of the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder. This is what we intend to provide.
以下本発明の実施例を図面について説明する
と、第3図〜第6図は本発明の実施例を示し、第
3図は溝付シリンダの側断面図、第4図は第3図
のZ〜Z断面図、第5図は第4図のP〜P展開
(内面展開)図を示す。また第6図に第5図のX
〜X断面を示す。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 3 to 6 show embodiments of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of a grooved cylinder, and FIG. The Z sectional view, FIG. 5, shows a P-P development (inner development) view of FIG. 4. Also, in Figure 6 there is an X in Figure 5.
~X cross section is shown.
さて第5図に示す如く溝付シリンダ5の凹溝7
の形状は、軸と平行する部分aと、傾斜部bを組
合わせた鋸歯状の形状、即ち、先端において両者
が交わる鋸歯状の複数の凹溝7を等間隔に形成し
た形状とし、同凹溝7の谷径は各溝共同一径であ
る。また凹溝7は溝付シリンダ5の基部、即ち原
料供給側のシリンダ端部の内面に形成されるもの
である。 Now, as shown in FIG. 5, the groove 7 of the grooved cylinder 5
The shape is a sawtooth shape that combines a part a parallel to the axis and an inclined part b, that is, a plurality of sawtooth grooves 7 are formed at equal intervals, where the two intersect at the tip. The groove diameter of the grooves 7 is a common diameter of each groove. Further, the groove 7 is formed on the inner surface of the base of the grooved cylinder 5, that is, the end of the cylinder on the raw material supply side.
一方これと別に形成され、前記溝谷径より僅か
に小さい外径を持つスリーブ6は、先端が前記シ
リンダ5に組合わせられる様な鋸歯状の複数の歯
を有する。なお、2はスクリユ、8は穴である。 On the other hand, a sleeve 6, which is formed separately and has an outer diameter slightly smaller than the groove diameter, has a plurality of serrated teeth such that its tip is combined with the cylinder 5. Note that 2 is a screw and 8 is a hole.
さて前記スリーブ6は溝付シリンダ5の凹溝7
と同数及び同形状で、かつ同凹溝7の深さにほぼ
等しい厚さを有する鋸歯状の複数の歯6aを先端
部に等間隔に形成してあり、同スリーブ6は前記
シリンダ5の鋸歯状の複数の凹溝7内に前記鋸歯
状の複数の歯6aが係合するように同シリンダ5
内に移動自在に挿入され、同鋸歯状の複数の歯6
aの内周面が同シリンダ5の内周面の一部を形成
するようになつている。第5図は溝付シリンダ5
の傾斜部bと、スリーブ6の歯6aの軸に対し傾
斜する部分が接触する状態に組合わせてなるもの
である。 Now, the sleeve 6 is the concave groove 7 of the grooved cylinder 5.
A plurality of serrated teeth 6a having the same number and shape as , and having a thickness approximately equal to the depth of the recessed groove 7 are formed at equal intervals at the tip, and the sleeve 6 has the same number and shape as the serrations of the cylinder 5 . The cylinder 5 is arranged so that the plurality of serrated teeth 6a are engaged in the plurality of grooves 7 having a shape of
A plurality of serrated teeth 6 are movably inserted into the
The inner circumferential surface of the cylinder a forms a part of the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 5. Figure 5 shows the grooved cylinder 5.
The inclined portion b of the sleeve 6 and the portion of the sleeve 6 which is inclined with respect to the axis of the tooth 6a are in contact with each other.
次に作用を説明する。鋸歯状のシリンダ5の中
へ、同じ形状の鋸歯状スリーブ6を第5図のイの
方向へ移動させると、溝幅Aは狭くなり、ロの方
向へ移動させると溝幅Aは広くなる。従つてスリ
ーブ6を移動させることにより、溝幅Aは容易に
変更できる。 Next, the action will be explained. When the serrated sleeve 6 of the same shape is moved into the serrated cylinder 5 in the direction of A in FIG. 5, the groove width A becomes narrower, and when it is moved in the direction of B, the groove width A becomes wider. Therefore, by moving the sleeve 6, the groove width A can be easily changed.
次に第7図は第5図と異なる実施例におけるシ
リンダの内面展開図で、溝付シリンダ5の鋸歯状
凹溝7の軸と平行する部分aを、スリーブ6の軸
と平行する部分に接触する状態に組合わせてなる
ものである。この場合は溝付シリンダ5の凹溝7
は、シリンダの軸と平行にはならないが、作用、
効果において前記の実施例と差異はない。 Next, FIG. 7 is a developed view of the inner surface of the cylinder in an embodiment different from that shown in FIG. It is a combination of states. In this case, the concave groove 7 of the grooved cylinder 5
is not parallel to the axis of the cylinder, but the action,
There is no difference in effect from the previous embodiment.
以上詳細に説明した如く本発明は構成されてい
るので、溝付シリンダの溝幅Aを容易に変更する
ことができ、この溝幅Aを変えることにより、シ
リンダの摩擦力を変えることができるので、樹脂
の特性に合わせた送り力が得られる。またこの部
分の送り力がコントロールできるので、供給部よ
り先の圧力コントロールが可能となる。 Since the present invention is configured as described in detail above, the groove width A of the grooved cylinder can be easily changed, and by changing the groove width A, the frictional force of the cylinder can be changed. , it is possible to obtain a feeding force that matches the characteristics of the resin. Furthermore, since the feeding force in this part can be controlled, it is possible to control the pressure beyond the supply section.
第1図は従来の押出機における溝付シリンダの
側断面図、第2図は第1図のY〜Y断面図、第3
図は本発明の実施例を示す溝付シリンダの側断面
図、第4図は第3図のZ〜Z断面図、第5図は第
4図のP〜P展開(内面展開)図、第6図は第5
図のX〜X断面図、第7図は第5図と異なる実施
例の溝付シリンダの内面展開図である。
図の主要部分の説明、2……スクリユ、5……
溝付シリンダ、6……スリーブ、6a……歯、7
……凹溝、a……軸と平行の部分、b……傾斜
部、A……溝幅。
Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a grooved cylinder in a conventional extruder, Figure 2 is a Y-Y cross-sectional view of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a grooved cylinder in a conventional extruder.
The figure is a side sectional view of a grooved cylinder showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a Z-Z sectional view of FIG. Figure 6 is the fifth
XX sectional view of the figure, and FIG. 7 is an inner development view of a grooved cylinder of an embodiment different from FIG. 5. Explanation of the main parts of the diagram, 2...Skrill, 5...
Grooved cylinder, 6... Sleeve, 6a... Teeth, 7
...concave groove, a...portion parallel to the axis, b...slanted part, A...groove width.
Claims (1)
射出成形機のシリンダの基部、即ち原料供給側の
シリンダ端部の内面に凹溝を持つ溝付シリンダに
おいて、同シリンダ端部の内周面に軸方向に向
け、一側面は軸心に平行し、他側面は軸心に対し
傾斜し先端において前記一側面と交わる鋸歯状の
複数の凹溝を等間隔に形成し、これと別に同凹溝
と同数及び同形状で、かつ同凹溝の深さにほぼ等
しい厚さを有する鋸歯状の複数の歯を先端部に等
間隔に形成したスリーブを設け、同スリーブを前
記シリンダの鋸歯状の複数の凹溝内に前記鋸歯状
の複数の歯が係合するように同シリンダ内に移動
自在に挿入し、同鋸歯状の複数の歯の内周面が同
シリンダの内周面の一部を形成するようにしたこ
とを特徴とする溝付シリンダ。1. In a grooved cylinder having a concave groove on the inner surface of the base of the cylinder of an extruder or injection molding machine into which a screw is rotatably inserted, that is, the end of the cylinder on the raw material supply side, there is a shaft on the inner circumferential surface of the end of the cylinder. A plurality of serrated grooves are formed at equal intervals in the direction, one side is parallel to the axis, the other side is inclined with respect to the axis, and the tip intersects with the one side. A sleeve is provided in which a plurality of serrated teeth having the same number and shape and a thickness approximately equal to the depth of the same concave groove are formed at equal intervals on the tip thereof, and the sleeve is attached to the plurality of serrated teeth of the cylinder. The plurality of serrated teeth are movably inserted into the cylinder so as to engage in the groove, and the inner peripheral surface of the plurality of serrated teeth forms a part of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. A grooved cylinder characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58224625A JPS60115424A (en) | 1983-11-29 | 1983-11-29 | Screw cylinder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58224625A JPS60115424A (en) | 1983-11-29 | 1983-11-29 | Screw cylinder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS60115424A JPS60115424A (en) | 1985-06-21 |
JPH0448611B2 true JPH0448611B2 (en) | 1992-08-07 |
Family
ID=16816635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP58224625A Granted JPS60115424A (en) | 1983-11-29 | 1983-11-29 | Screw cylinder |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS60115424A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4842788A (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-06-27 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process of an apparatus for extruding a meltable composition |
US4832889A (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-05-23 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Vaulted screw/grooved barrel extrusion machine, method and system |
EP3656523B1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2021-09-29 | Buss AG | Mixing and kneading machine with efficient venting in the area of the feed-in, and related method |
-
1983
- 1983-11-29 JP JP58224625A patent/JPS60115424A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS60115424A (en) | 1985-06-21 |
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