JPH0444639B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPH0444639B2 JPH0444639B2 JP59011530A JP1153084A JPH0444639B2 JP H0444639 B2 JPH0444639 B2 JP H0444639B2 JP 59011530 A JP59011530 A JP 59011530A JP 1153084 A JP1153084 A JP 1153084A JP H0444639 B2 JPH0444639 B2 JP H0444639B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- smoke
- heating agent
- agent
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 paraffin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Description
この発明は、改良された発煙筒に関する。
この出願人は、さきに、自然発火がなく、安全
に製造することができ、人畜に無害で鮮明な煙
を、安全確実に発生させることのできる発煙筒
を、特願昭49−14586号（特公昭54−3119号）に
係る明細書に開示した。
それらの発煙筒には、加熱剤として可燃剤と酸
化剤とを含む加熱剤が用いられ、酸化剤として過
マンガン酸カリ等が、また、可燃剤として小麦粉
等が用いられている。
しかしながら、前記発煙筒は白色の煙を噴出す
るものに係り、白色煙を噴出可能な前記発煙筒
は、貯蔵中の経時変化が非常に少ないのである
が、赤や青の有色煙を噴出可能とするために、発
煙筒内に充填される煙剤中に染料を混入すると、
小麦粉を含む加熱剤と染料含有の煙剤とを有する
発煙筒は、その経時変化が著しく大きくなること
が判明した。すなわち、小麦粉を含む加熱剤を用
いた発煙筒は、長期間の保存の後の使用の際、着
火不良による発煙不良、あるいは着火しても所定
の時間よりも短い発煙等を起して、発煙筒の本来
の機能を十分に発揮しないことがあつた。
この発明の前記事情に基いてなされたものであ
り、経年変化が殆どなく、したがつて、長期間の
保存の後においても、人畜に無害で鮮明な煙を、
安全確実に発生させることのできる発煙筒を提供
することを目的とするものである。
この発明は、発煙筒における、二酸化マンガ
ン、テルミツト剤、小麦粉等を含む加熱剤のかわ
りに、経年変化の殆どない、新たな組成物である
加熱剤について種々検討した結果、到達したもの
である。すなわち、この発明は、加熱剤として、
硝酸カリウム、二酸化マンガン、デキストリン、
要すれば酸化第二銅よりなる組合せの組成物を用
いることにより、経年変化の殆どない発煙筒を提
供することができる。
次にこの発明について説明する。
この発明における加熱剤は、硝酸カリウムと、
二酸化マンガンと、デキストリンと、要すれば酸
化第二銅との混合物である。好適な配合割合とし
ては硝酸カリ30〜50重量％、二酸化マンガン20〜
40重量％、デキストリン15〜35重量％、酸化第二
銅０〜10重量％である。前記各成分の配合量が前
記範囲外になると、加熱剤の燃焼反応すなわち酸
化還元のバランスが不良となり、異常燃焼あるい
は途中消火を起すことがある。
この発明における煙剤は、直鎖状飽和炭化水素
たとえばパラフイン、ゲル状軽油、ゲル状灯油と
染料たとえばオイルオレンジ（商品名；オリエン
ト化学社製）、オイルレツド（商品名；オリエン
ト化学社製）との混合物を主成分とする。直鎖状
飽和炭化水素としては、パラフインが特に良い。
液滴状で噴出したのち固体粒子となるのが、煙剤
としての望ましい性質だからである。前記混合物
における各成分の配合量は、たとえばパラフイン
70〜20重量％、染料30〜80重量％である。
次に、前記加熱剤および煙剤を用いた発煙筒の
一例について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
第１図に示す発煙筒１は、底部に把手２を適宜
の手段により固着した有底円筒の金属製容器３内
に、肉厚の筒体に成型、固化した煙剤４を配置
し、前記煙剤４の円筒体内に加熱剤５を充填して
いる。加熱剤５を充填した煙剤４の端面には速燃
薬６を厚く塗布し、さらに速燃薬６の外側端面に
は着火薬７を塗布する。金属製容器３の一端開口
部の内側には、点火薬室８を有する内蓋９を嵌め
こんであり、前記点火薬室８には、摩擦線１０を
挿通した点火薬１１を充填している。摩擦線１０
の一端は内蓋９と着火薬７と金属製容器３とで形
成される空間内に配置され、また摩擦線１０の他
端は引き板１２に結合され、摩擦線１０および引
き板１２は、金属製容器３の一端開口部を封止す
る外蓋１３と内蓋９とで形成される空間内に配置
されている。
前記構成の発煙筒１は次のようにして使用す
る。すなわち、金属製容器３の一端開口部から外
蓋１３を取外し、引き板１２を強く引つ張ると、
点火薬１１から摩擦線１０が引つ張り出され、摩
擦線１０と点火薬１１との摩擦により点火薬１１
が点火する。点火薬１１の点火により着火薬７が
着火し、次いで速燃薬６の燃焼により加熱剤５が
発火する。加熱剤５の発火、燃焼は、周囲の煙剤
４を加熱し、煙剤４中のパラフインおよび染料が
蒸発し、これらの蒸気が点火薬室８から外部に噴
出する。外部に噴出した蒸気は、外気に冷却され
て液滴化し、染料により着色した煙となる。
この発明に係る加熱剤の経年変化は、常温で長
期間の保存後の重量減少率、燃焼速度、前記構成
の発煙筒を使用したときの発煙量、発煙持続時間
等により評価することができるが、短時間で、か
つ、便宜に経年変化を評価するためには、高温化
での加熱剤の重量変化を測定する方法が好適であ
る。
次にこの発明における加熱剤と従来の加熱剤と
の経年変化について、実験により評価した。
〈実験例 １〉
硝酸カリ40重量％、二酸化マンガン30重量％、
デキストリン25重量％、酸化第二銅５重量％より
なる加熱剤1.9mgを理学電機社製のDSC装置に装
填し、温度変化に対する加熱剤の重量変化を測定
した。昇温速度を20℃毎分とし、550℃まで加熱
した。その結果、第２図に示すように、250℃付
近から加熱剤の重量減少が始まり、450℃で加熱
剤の重量は1.4mgになり、以下の昇温下で加熱剤
の重量は減少しなかつた。
〈比較実験例 １〉
過マンガン酸カリ65重量％、小麦粉35重量％よ
りなる加熱剤2.0mgを前記実験例と同様のDSC装
置に装填して、温度変化に対する加熱剤の重量変
化を測定した。その結果、第３図に示すように、
130℃付近から加熱剤の重量減少が始まり、550℃
に達すると加熱剤の重量は0.8mgに減少していた。
前記実験例および比較実験例から明らかなよう
に、従来の小麦粉入りの加熱剤は130℃付近で重
量減少を始めるのに対し、この発明における加熱
剤は250℃付近で重量減少を生じるから、この発
明における加熱剤は従来の加熱剤よりも経年変化
を受け難いものであることが理解される。
〈実験例 ２〉
以下の組成の二種の加熱剤２Ａ，２Ｂを調製し
た。
硝酸カリウム 40重量％
二酸化マンガン 30重量％
デキストリン 25重量％
酸化第二銅 ５重量％
なお、加熱剤２Ａにおけるデキストリンは、水
分を含有せず、又経年変化を受けていないもので
ある。加熱剤２Ｂにおけるデキストリンは、加熱
剤全体に対して７重量％の水分を含有すると共に
約170℃に１時間かけて加熱処理された。つまり、
この加熱剤２Ｂにおけるデキストリンは、経年変
化を受けたとして模擬することができる。
以下の組成の二種の加熱剤２ａ，２ｂを調製し
た。
硝酸カリウム 40重量％
二酸化マンガン 30重量％
デンプン 25重量％
酸化第二銅 ５重量％
なお、加熱剤２ａにおけるデンプンは、水分を
含有せず、又経年変化を受けていないものであ
る。加熱剤２ｂにおけるデンプンは、加熱剤全体
に対して７重量％の水分を含有すると共に約170
℃に１時間かけて加熱処理された。つまり、この
加熱剤２ｂにおけるデンプンは、経年変化を受け
たとして模擬することができる。
前記四種の加熱剤をDSCにてその発熱状況を
計測した。
その結果として、表１に示す結果を得た。
This invention relates to an improved smoke cannon. The applicant first proposed a smoke cylinder that does not cause spontaneous combustion, can be manufactured safely, and can safely and reliably generate clear smoke that is harmless to humans and animals, in Japanese Patent Application No. 14586/1986 ( This was disclosed in the specification of Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-3119). These smoke cylinders use a heating agent containing a combustible agent and an oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate as the oxidizing agent, and wheat flour or the like as the combustible agent. However, the smoke cylinder is one that spouts white smoke, and the smoke cylinder that can spout white smoke has very little change over time during storage, but it is not possible to spout colored smoke of red or blue. In order to do this, if dye is mixed into the smoke agent filled in the smoke cylinder
It has been found that smoke bombs containing a heating agent containing wheat flour and a smoke agent containing a dye exhibit a significant change over time. In other words, when a smoke cylinder that uses a heating agent containing wheat flour is used after being stored for a long period of time, it may fail to emit smoke due to ignition failure, or even if it is ignited, it may emit smoke for a shorter period of time than the prescribed time. There were cases where the smoke tube did not perform its original function to its full potential. This invention was made based on the above-mentioned circumstances, and there is almost no change over time, so even after long-term storage, it can produce clear smoke that is harmless to humans and animals.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a smoke bomb that can be safely and reliably emitted. This invention was arrived at as a result of various studies on a heating agent with a new composition that hardly changes over time, in place of heating agents containing manganese dioxide, thermite, flour, etc. in smoke cylinders. That is, this invention provides, as a heating agent,
Potassium nitrate, manganese dioxide, dextrin,
If necessary, by using a combination of compositions made of cupric oxide, it is possible to provide a smoking gun that hardly changes over time. Next, this invention will be explained. The heating agent in this invention is potassium nitrate,
It is a mixture of manganese dioxide, dextrin, and optionally cupric oxide. The preferred blending ratio is 30-50% by weight of potassium nitrate and 20-50% by weight of manganese dioxide.
40% by weight, 15-35% by weight of dextrin, and 0-10% by weight of cupric oxide. If the blending amount of each component is outside the above range, the combustion reaction of the heating agent, that is, the oxidation-reduction balance becomes unbalanced, and abnormal combustion or premature extinguishment may occur. The smoke agent in this invention is a combination of a linear saturated hydrocarbon such as paraffin, gelled light oil, or gelled kerosene and a dye such as Oil Orange (trade name; manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) or Oil Red (trade name; manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.). The main component is a mixture. Paraffin is particularly good as the linear saturated hydrocarbon.
This is because the desirable property of a smoke agent is that it ejects in the form of droplets and then turns into solid particles. The amount of each component in the mixture may be, for example, paraffin
70-20% by weight, dye 30-80% by weight. Next, an example of a smoke cylinder using the heating agent and smoke agent will be described with reference to the drawings. The smoke cylinder 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a smoke agent 4 molded into a thick cylinder and solidified inside a bottomed cylindrical metal container 3 with a handle 2 fixed to the bottom by an appropriate means. The cylindrical body of the smoke agent 4 is filled with a heating agent 5. The end face of the smoke agent 4 filled with the heating agent 5 is coated with a thick layer of quick-burning powder 6, and the outer end face of the quick-burning powder 6 is further coated with ignition powder 7. An inner lid 9 having an ignition powder chamber 8 is fitted inside the opening at one end of the metal container 3, and the ignition powder chamber 8 is filled with an ignition powder 11 through which a friction wire 10 is inserted. . Friction line 10
One end is disposed within the space formed by the inner lid 9, the igniter 7, and the metal container 3, and the other end of the friction line 10 is connected to a pull plate 12. The friction line 10 and the pull plate 12 are It is arranged in a space formed by an outer cover 13 and an inner cover 9 that seal an opening at one end of the metal container 3 . The smoke cylinder 1 having the above structure is used in the following manner. That is, when the outer lid 13 is removed from the opening at one end of the metal container 3 and the pull plate 12 is strongly pulled,
A friction line 10 is stretched out from the ignition powder 11, and the friction between the friction line 10 and the ignition powder 11 causes the ignition powder 11 to
ignites. The ignition charge 7 is ignited by the ignition of the ignition charge 11, and then the heating agent 5 is ignited by the combustion of the fast combustion charge 6. The ignition and combustion of the heating agent 5 heats the surrounding smoke agent 4, the paraffin and dye in the smoke agent 4 evaporate, and these vapors are ejected from the ignition powder chamber 8 to the outside. The steam ejected to the outside is cooled by the outside air and turns into droplets, turning into smoke colored with dye. The aging of the heating agent according to the present invention can be evaluated by the rate of weight loss after long-term storage at room temperature, the combustion rate, the amount of smoke emitted when using the smoke cylinder of the above configuration, the duration of smoke emitted, etc. In order to conveniently and quickly evaluate changes over time, a method of measuring the weight change of the heating agent at elevated temperatures is suitable. Next, the aging of the heating agent in this invention and the conventional heating agent was evaluated through experiments. <Experimental example 1> Potassium nitrate 40% by weight, manganese dioxide 30% by weight,
1.9 mg of a heating agent consisting of 25% by weight of dextrin and 5% by weight of cupric oxide was loaded into a DSC device manufactured by Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd., and changes in the weight of the heating agent with respect to temperature changes were measured. The temperature was raised to 550°C at a heating rate of 20°C per minute. As a result, as shown in Figure 2, the weight of the heating agent begins to decrease around 250℃, and at 450℃, the weight of the heating agent becomes 1.4mg, and the weight of the heating agent does not decrease under the following temperature increases. Ta. <Comparative Experimental Example 1> 2.0 mg of a heating agent consisting of 65% by weight of potassium permanganate and 35% by weight of wheat flour was loaded into the same DSC apparatus as in the above experimental example, and changes in weight of the heating agent with respect to temperature changes were measured. As a result, as shown in Figure 3,
The weight of the heating agent starts to decrease around 130℃, and it reaches 550℃.
The weight of the heating agent had decreased to 0.8mg. As is clear from the above experimental examples and comparative experimental examples, the conventional heating agent containing wheat flour starts to lose weight at around 130°C, whereas the heating agent in this invention starts to lose weight around 250°C. It is understood that the heating agent of the invention is less susceptible to aging than conventional heating agents. <Experimental Example 2> Two types of heating agents 2A and 2B having the following compositions were prepared. Potassium nitrate 40% by weight Manganese dioxide 30% by weight Dextrin 25% by weight Cupric oxide 5% by weight Note that the dextrin in Heating Agent 2A does not contain water and has not undergone aging. The dextrin in Heating Agent 2B contained 7% by weight of water based on the total weight of the heating agent and was heat-treated at about 170° C. for 1 hour. In other words,
The dextrin in this heating agent 2B can be simulated as having undergone aging. Two types of heating agents 2a and 2b having the following compositions were prepared. Potassium nitrate 40% by weight Manganese dioxide 30% by weight Starch 25% by weight Cupric oxide 5% by weight Note that the starch in the heating agent 2a does not contain water and has not undergone aging. The starch in heating agent 2b contains 7% water by weight based on the entire heating agent and has a water content of about 170% by weight.
℃ for 1 hour. In other words, the starch in this heating agent 2b can be simulated as having undergone aging. The heat generation status of the four types of heating agents was measured using DSC. As a result, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
【表】
表１に示すように、デンプンを用いた加熱剤２
ａが経年変化を受けると、発熱開始温度及び発熱
量の低下が大きい加熱剤２ｂになり、経年変化の
著しい加熱剤２ｂになる。それに対し、デキスト
リンを用いた加熱剤２Ａが経年変化を受けても、
発熱開始温度は低下せず、発熱量の低下も非常に
小さな加熱剤２Ｂになる。
この実験結果から、デキストリンを用いた加熱
剤はデンプンを用いた加熱剤よりも、経年によつ
ても大きく劣化することがなく貯蔵性の優れたも
のであることが分かる。
したがつて、この発明に係る発煙筒は、その加
熱剤が経年変化を受け難いものであるから、長期
間の保存の後に発煙筒を使用しても、着火が良好
であり、所期の発煙時間を持続し、また、所期の
発煙量の煙を噴出することができ、そのライフサ
イクルの長期化を図ることができる。[Table] As shown in Table 1, heating agent 2 using starch
When a changes over time, the heating agent 2b becomes a heating agent 2b with a large decrease in heat generation start temperature and calorific value, and becomes a heating agent 2b that changes significantly over time. On the other hand, even if heating agent 2A using dextrin undergoes aging,
The heating agent 2B does not have a lower temperature at which it starts to generate heat and has a very small decrease in calorific value. From the results of this experiment, it can be seen that heating agents using dextrin do not deteriorate significantly over time and have better storage properties than heating agents using starch. Therefore, in the smoke cylinder according to the present invention, since the heating agent is resistant to changes over time, even if the smoke cylinder is used after long-term storage, it ignites well and produces the desired smoke. It is possible to emit a desired amount of smoke for a long period of time, and its life cycle can be extended.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例である発煙筒を示
す断面図、第２図はこの発明における加熱剤の温
度変化に対する重量変化を示すチヤート図、およ
び第３図は従来の加熱剤の温度変化に対する重量
変化を示すチヤート図である。
１……発煙筒、４……煙剤、５……加熱剤。
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a smoke cylinder which is an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a chart showing weight changes with respect to temperature changes of the heating agent in this invention, and Fig. 3 is a conventional heating agent temperature diagram. It is a chart diagram showing a weight change with respect to a change. 1... Smoke bomb, 4... Smoke agent, 5... Heating agent.
Claims (1)
おいて、煙剤よりなる筒体内に、硝酸カリウム30
〜50重量％と、二酸化マンガン20〜40重量％と、
デキストリン15〜35重量％と、酸化第二銅０〜10
重量％とを含む加熱剤を充填してなることを特徴
とする発煙筒。1. In a smoke cylinder containing a smoke agent molded into a cylinder and solidified, potassium nitrate 30
~50% by weight, and 20-40% by weight of manganese dioxide.
Dextrin 15-35% by weight and cupric oxide 0-10
% by weight of a heating agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1153084A JPS60155591A (en) | 1984-01-24 | 1984-01-24 | Smoke shell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1153084A JPS60155591A (en) | 1984-01-24 | 1984-01-24 | Smoke shell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60155591A JPS60155591A (en) | 1985-08-15 |
| JPH0444639B2 true JPH0444639B2 (en) | 1992-07-22 |
Family
ID=11780518
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1153084A Granted JPS60155591A (en) | 1984-01-24 | 1984-01-24 | Smoke shell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60155591A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6191090A (en) * | 1984-10-06 | 1986-05-09 | 細谷火工株式会社 | Smoke shell |
| JP7106707B1 (en) * | 2021-04-05 | 2022-07-26 | 昭和金属工業株式会社 | Smoke generator composition |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5433119A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1979-03-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | Printer |
| JPS5433120A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1979-03-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | Ink ribbon cassette |
-
1984
- 1984-01-24 JP JP1153084A patent/JPS60155591A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5433119A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1979-03-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | Printer |
| JPS5433120A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1979-03-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | Ink ribbon cassette |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60155591A (en) | 1985-08-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |