JPH04372910A - Photo-coupler with variable photo-branching ratio and photo-coupling ratio - Google Patents
Photo-coupler with variable photo-branching ratio and photo-coupling ratioInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04372910A JPH04372910A JP15128691A JP15128691A JPH04372910A JP H04372910 A JPH04372910 A JP H04372910A JP 15128691 A JP15128691 A JP 15128691A JP 15128691 A JP15128691 A JP 15128691A JP H04372910 A JPH04372910 A JP H04372910A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- photo
- ratio
- pressure
- optical coupler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、複数の光ファイバを融
着させたファイバ型光カプラであって、光分岐比および
光結合比が可変な光カプラに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fiber-type optical coupler in which a plurality of optical fibers are fused together and whose optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio are variable.
【0002】0002
【従来の技術】光通信システムにおいて、光ファイバを
伝搬した光信号を分岐したり、結合したりすることが必
要である。複数の光ファイバの外側を密に接触させ、こ
のとき接触部分のクラッドが極めて薄ければ、光の分岐
、結合が可能になり、このような用途に使用できる。
光が分岐する比率、すなわち可逆的に光が結合する比率
は、接触部分の長さ、その部分のクラッドの厚み、光フ
ァイバのコアの屈折率、クラッドの屈折率、光の波長な
どの関数になる。2. Description of the Related Art In optical communication systems, it is necessary to branch and combine optical signals propagated through optical fibers. If the outsides of a plurality of optical fibers are brought into close contact and the cladding at the contact portion is extremely thin, it becomes possible to branch and combine light, and it can be used for such purposes. The rate at which light is split, or the rate at which light is reversibly combined, is a function of the length of the contact area, the thickness of the cladding at that area, the refractive index of the optical fiber core, the refractive index of the cladding, and the wavelength of the light. Become.
【0003】特開昭59−142521号公報には、2
本のガラス光ファイバを平行に配列して、両方のガラス
光ファイバの一部を融着させた後、所定部分を延伸した
光カプラが開示されている。この光カプラは、ガラス光
ファイバどうしの接合部における伝送損失が少なく、製
造が比較的容易である。この光カプラは、延伸した長さ
で、接触部分の長さ、その部分のクラッドの厚みが変り
、光の分岐比が決まる。すなわち光の分岐比の制御は、
延伸する量によってなされる。そのため延伸を停止する
タイミングによって分岐比の値がばらついてしまい、所
望の分岐比を持つ光カプラを得にくい。したがってこの
光カプラは、光の干渉性を利用した光干渉計や光ジャイ
ロなどのように均等な光分岐を要求される用途、光強度
の異なった2つの光信号を結合するシステムのように混
合光を同じレベルに結合することを要求される用途には
使用し難い。[0003] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 142521/1983 has 2
An optical coupler is disclosed in which glass optical fibers are arranged in parallel, parts of both glass optical fibers are fused, and then a predetermined portion is stretched. This optical coupler has little transmission loss at the joint between glass optical fibers and is relatively easy to manufacture. In this optical coupler, the length of the contact portion and the thickness of the cladding at that portion change depending on the stretched length, which determines the light branching ratio. In other words, the control of the light branching ratio is
This is done by the amount of stretching. Therefore, the value of the branching ratio varies depending on the timing of stopping the stretching, making it difficult to obtain an optical coupler having a desired branching ratio. Therefore, this optical coupler is suitable for applications that require equal optical branching, such as optical interferometers and optical gyros that utilize the coherence of light, and systems that combine two optical signals with different optical intensities. It is difficult to use in applications that require light to be coupled to the same level.
【0004】特開昭58−60722号公報には、2本
の光ファイバの長手方向外側の一部を共に研磨し両者を
接合した光カプラが開示されている。その接合面、すな
わち研磨面の位置、距離を調整することにより光の分岐
比が調整できる。しかし接合面の位置合わせを極めて高
精度で行う必要があり、研磨面を一つ一つを調整しなが
ら製造しなければならないため、熟練した技術と多くの
時間を必要とする。工業的には適した製品とはいい難い
。[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-60722 discloses an optical coupler in which two optical fibers are bonded together by polishing a portion of their outer sides in the longitudinal direction. By adjusting the position and distance of the bonded surface, that is, the polished surface, the light branching ratio can be adjusted. However, it is necessary to align the bonding surfaces with extremely high precision, and manufacturing requires adjusting each polished surface one by one, which requires skilled technology and a lot of time. It is difficult to say that it is an industrially suitable product.
【0005】特開昭56−22403号公報には、ガラ
スコアにプラスチックをクラッドしたファイバを用いて
、2本のファイバを接触させ、圧着の程度によって結合
量をコントロールする方法が記載されている。この方法
は、圧着による変形が可能なプラスチックをクラッドと
して採用することにより可能になる方法であり、プラス
チッククラッドであるが故にファイバ自体の伝送損失が
大きい。
また、ガラスクラッドファイバとの熱融着接続が困難で
あるため、その用途範囲は限定されたものとなってしま
う。[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 56-22403 describes a method in which two fibers are brought into contact with each other using fibers having a glass core clad with plastic, and the amount of bonding is controlled by the degree of compression. This method is made possible by using a plastic cladding that can be deformed by compression bonding, and because it is a plastic cladding, the transmission loss of the fiber itself is large. Furthermore, since it is difficult to heat-seal and connect the fiber to a glass clad fiber, its range of applications is limited.
【0006】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記した従
来の光カプラの問題点を解消するためになされたもので
、光分岐比および光結合比を所望のとおりしかも容易に
調整でき、挿入損失が小さく、広い用途に使用できる光
カプラを提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the conventional optical couplers described above. The present invention provides an optical coupler that has low loss and can be used for a wide range of purposes.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記の目的を達成するた
めになされた本発明の光カプラを、実施例に対応する図
1により説明する。Means for Solving the Problems The optical coupler of the present invention, which has been made to achieve the above object, will be explained with reference to FIG. 1, which corresponds to an embodiment.
【0008】図1に示すように、本発明の光カプラはフ
ァイバ型光カプラで、複数の単一モード光ファイバ1お
よび2の長手方向外側の一部を融着させてあり、単一モ
ード光ファイバ1および2に沿って連続的に融着部3か
ら接触部4aおよび4bを経て分離部5aおよび5bに
変化している。単一モード光ファイバ1および2の長手
方向外側から接触部4aから分離部5aにかけて加圧可
能な可変加圧手段10を備えている。As shown in FIG. 1, the optical coupler of the present invention is a fiber type optical coupler, in which a plurality of single mode optical fibers 1 and 2 are partially fused on the outside in the longitudinal direction. Along the fibers 1 and 2, the fibers continuously change from the fused portion 3 to the contact portions 4a and 4b, and then to the separated portions 5a and 5b. A variable pressurizing means 10 is provided that can pressurize the single mode optical fibers 1 and 2 from the contact portion 4a to the separation portion 5a from the outside in the longitudinal direction.
【0009】[0009]
【作用】上記の光カプラの構成で、可変加圧手段10の
加圧をすると、分離部5aが接触してゆき、接触部4a
の長さが増加する。ファイバ型光カプラでは、ファイバ
どうしの融着乃至は接触の大きさで光分岐比および光結
合比が決まるので、融着部3、接触部4aおよび4bの
合計長さd1が前記加圧で長くなれば光分岐比および光
結合比を上げることができる。したがって本発明の光カ
プラは、光分岐比および光結合比を調整可能である。[Operation] With the above optical coupler configuration, when the variable pressure applying means 10 applies pressure, the separating portion 5a comes into contact with the contact portion 4a.
increases in length. In the fiber type optical coupler, the optical branching ratio and the optical coupling ratio are determined by the size of the fusion or contact between the fibers, so the total length d1 of the fused part 3 and the contact parts 4a and 4b is increased by the pressurization. If so, the optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio can be increased. Therefore, the optical coupler of the present invention can adjust the optical branching ratio and the optical coupling ratio.
【0010】0010
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below.
【0011】図1は本発明の光カプラの実施例を示した
概略図である。同図に示すように、2本の光ファイバ1
および2の長手方向外側の一部を融着させてある。各光
ファイバ1および2は、石英ガラス系の単一モード光フ
ァイバよりなる。単一モード光ファイバ1と光ファイバ
2の一部の被覆を除去し、互いに接触する状態で固定し
、この接触した部分の一部を火炎で加熱して二つの単一
モード光ファイバを融着延伸してある。なお延伸に際し
ては、単一モード光ファイバ1の一方の端1aからモニ
タ光を入射させ、単一モード光ファイバ1のもう一方の
端1bおよび単一モード光ファイバ2の端2bからの出
射光量を検知しながら延伸の程度を加減し、所望の結合
比になる。このような延伸により、単一モード光ファイ
バ1および2に沿って連続的に融着部3から接触部4a
および4bを経て分離部5aおよび5bに変化し、カプ
ラ部分が形成されている。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the optical coupler of the present invention. As shown in the figure, two optical fibers 1
and a part of the longitudinally outer side of 2 is fused. Each of the optical fibers 1 and 2 is made of a silica glass single mode optical fiber. A part of the coating of single mode optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 2 is removed, fixed in a state where they are in contact with each other, and a part of this contact part is heated with flame to fuse the two single mode optical fibers. It has been stretched. During stretching, monitor light is input from one end 1a of the single mode optical fiber 1, and the amount of light emitted from the other end 1b of the single mode optical fiber 1 and the end 2b of the single mode optical fiber 2 is controlled. The degree of stretching is adjusted while sensing to achieve the desired bonding ratio. By such stretching, the single mode optical fibers 1 and 2 are continuously stretched from the fused portion 3 to the contact portion 4a.
and 4b, it changes to separation parts 5a and 5b, forming a coupler part.
【0012】カプラ部分は、外部の振動などによる損傷
から保護するために保持枠11に入れる。保持枠11に
は、接触部4aから分離部5aにかけて、その外側から
圧力を加えられるように可変加圧手段であるマイクロメ
ータ10が取りつけられている。すなわち保持枠11の
固定面12をアンビルとし、マイクロメータ10のスピ
ンドル13をアクチュエータとして光ファイバ1および
2を挟み込んで加圧するとともに、加圧する変位量を測
定できる構成となっている。The coupler portion is placed in a holding frame 11 to protect it from damage caused by external vibrations. A micrometer 10, which is a variable pressure means, is attached to the holding frame 11 so that pressure can be applied from the outside from the contact portion 4a to the separation portion 5a. That is, the fixed surface 12 of the holding frame 11 is used as an anvil, and the spindle 13 of the micrometer 10 is used as an actuator to sandwich and apply pressure to the optical fibers 1 and 2, and the displacement amount of the applied pressure can be measured.
【0013】マイクロメータ10のシンブル14を矢印
の方向に回転すると、スピンドル13が進出して光ファ
イバ1を押し、接触部4aが図1に示す状態から、図2
に示すような状態に長くなる。すなわち接触部4a、融
着部3、および接触部4bの長さの合計がd1からd2
に長くなる。この長さの合計は光カプラとしての光分岐
比および光結合比を決定するパラメータであるから、ス
ピンドル13の変位量を目盛で読み取りながら調整する
ことにより、再現性を持って光分岐比および光結合比を
調整できる。When the thimble 14 of the micrometer 10 is rotated in the direction of the arrow, the spindle 13 advances and pushes the optical fiber 1, and the contact portion 4a changes from the state shown in FIG. 1 to the state shown in FIG.
The situation will be longer as shown in . That is, the total length of the contact part 4a, the fused part 3, and the contact part 4b is from d1 to d2.
becomes longer. The total length is a parameter that determines the optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio of the optical coupler, so by adjusting the amount of displacement of the spindle 13 while reading it on the scale, the optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio can be determined with reproducibility. The combination ratio can be adjusted.
【0014】単一モード光ファイバ1の一方の端1aか
らモニタ光を入射させ、スピンドル13の変位量を目盛
で読み取りながら、単一モード光ファイバ1のもう一方
の端1bおよび単一モード光ファイバ2の端2bから出
射する光の強度を光電変換器で測定した。その結果を図
3に示してある。当初、分岐比が50%の光カプラで、
変位量を増やしていくと単一モード光ファイバ2より出
射される光強度は減少していくが、単一モード光ファイ
バ1より出射される光強度は反対に増加してゆき、全体
の光強度を変えずに分岐比を変えることが可能であった
。
変位量を0.4mmにしたときに67%に変化させるこ
とができた。Monitor light is input from one end 1a of the single mode optical fiber 1, and while reading the amount of displacement of the spindle 13 on the scale, the other end 1b of the single mode optical fiber 1 and the single mode optical fiber The intensity of light emitted from the end 2b of 2 was measured using a photoelectric converter. The results are shown in FIG. Initially, it was an optical coupler with a branching ratio of 50%,
As the amount of displacement increases, the light intensity emitted from the single mode optical fiber 2 decreases, but on the contrary, the light intensity emitted from the single mode optical fiber 1 increases, increasing the overall light intensity. It was possible to change the branching ratio without changing the When the amount of displacement was set to 0.4 mm, the change could be made to 67%.
【0015】比較のため、光カプラの融着部3の圧力を
加えるようにマイクロメータを設け、実施例1と同じよ
うな測定をした。その結果、単一モード光ファイバ1と
単一モード光ファイバ2より出射される光強度は図4の
ようにほぼ一様に光強度が減少していくことが分かった
。即ち、この場合には分岐比は変わらず全体の光強度が
減少する。このことは光カプラの挿入損失のみが増加し
、なんら有益な効果は生じなかった。For comparison, a micrometer was provided to apply pressure to the fused portion 3 of the optical coupler, and measurements were made in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was found that the light intensity emitted from the single mode optical fiber 1 and the single mode optical fiber 2 decreased almost uniformly as shown in FIG. That is, in this case, the overall light intensity decreases without changing the branching ratio. This only increased the insertion loss of the optical coupler and did not produce any beneficial effect.
【0016】図5は別な実施例を示すもので、可変加圧
手段としてボルト15が保持枠11に取りつけられてい
る。ボルト15の先端には圧電素子16が取り付けられ
ている。圧電素子16には増幅器17とメータ18が連
結されている。ボルト15をねじ込み、またゆるめるこ
とにより、接触部4aの長さがかわり、光カプラとして
の光分岐比および光結合比を変えることができる。この
とき圧電素子16で検知した圧力をメータ18で読取っ
て、ボルト15による加圧状態を知り、光分岐比および
光結合比を再現性をもって調整できる。FIG. 5 shows another embodiment, in which a bolt 15 is attached to the holding frame 11 as variable pressure means. A piezoelectric element 16 is attached to the tip of the bolt 15. An amplifier 17 and a meter 18 are connected to the piezoelectric element 16 . By screwing in or loosening the bolt 15, the length of the contact portion 4a changes, and the optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio of the optical coupler can be changed. At this time, the pressure detected by the piezoelectric element 16 is read by the meter 18 to know the pressurized state by the bolt 15, and the optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio can be adjusted with reproducibility.
【0017】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上、詳細に説明したように本発明の光
カプラは光分岐比および光結合比を所望のとおりしかも
容易に微調整できる。光の干渉性を利用した光干渉計や
光ジャイロなどのように均等な光分岐を要求される用途
、光強度の異なった2つの光信号を結合するシステムの
ように混合光を同じレベルに結合することを要求される
用途など広い用途に使用できるものである。As described above in detail, the optical coupler of the present invention allows the optical branching ratio and optical coupling ratio to be finely adjusted as desired and easily. Applications that require equal optical branching, such as optical interferometers and optical gyros that utilize the coherence of light, and systems that combine two optical signals with different light intensities, which combine mixed light to the same level. It can be used in a wide range of applications, including applications that require
【図1】本発明を適用する光カプラの実施例を示す概略
正面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an embodiment of an optical coupler to which the present invention is applied.
【図2】本発明を適用する光カプラ光カプラで圧力を加
えた状態を示す同上図である。FIG. 2 is an optical coupler to which the present invention is applied; FIG.
【図3】本発明を適用する光カプラに圧力を加えたとき
の変位量と光ファイバを出射する光の強度の関係を示し
た図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of displacement when pressure is applied to the optical coupler to which the present invention is applied and the intensity of light emitted from the optical fiber.
【図4】本発明を適用外の光カプラに圧力を加えたとき
に圧力による変位量と光ファイバを出射する光の強度の
関係を示した図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of displacement due to pressure and the intensity of light emitted from an optical fiber when pressure is applied to an optical coupler to which the present invention is not applied.
【図5】本発明を適用する光カプラの別な実施例を示す
概略正面図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic front view showing another embodiment of an optical coupler to which the present invention is applied.
1および2は光ファイバ、1a・1b・2a・2bは光
ファイバの端、3は融着部、4a・4bは接触部、5a
・5bは分離部、10はマイクロメータ、11は保持部
材、12は固定面、13はアクチュエータ、14はシン
ブル、15はボルト、16は圧電素子、17は増幅器、
18はメータである。1 and 2 are optical fibers, 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b are the ends of the optical fibers, 3 is a fused portion, 4a and 4b are contact portions, and 5a
・5b is a separation part, 10 is a micrometer, 11 is a holding member, 12 is a fixing surface, 13 is an actuator, 14 is a thimble, 15 is a bolt, 16 is a piezoelectric element, 17 is an amplifier,
18 is a meter.
Claims (5)
部を融着させてあり、光ファイバに沿って連続的に融着
部から接触部を経て分離部に変化しているファイバ型光
カプラであって、該光ファイバの長手方向外側から該接
触部から分離部にかけて加圧可能な可変加圧手段を備え
、該可変加圧手段の加圧による該接触部の増減で光分岐
比および光結合比を調整可能なことを特徴とする光カプ
ラ。Claim 1: A fiber-type optical coupler, in which a portion of the longitudinally outer sides of a plurality of optical fibers are fused together, and the fusion part changes continuously along the optical fibers through a contact part and into a separation part. The optical fiber is provided with a variable pressure means capable of applying pressure from the contact portion to the separation portion from the outside in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, and the optical branching ratio and the optical An optical coupler characterized by an adjustable coupling ratio.
ァイバの長手方向外側に生じる変位量を測量する手段が
付設されており、該接触部の増減による光分岐比および
光結合比を該変位量の変化から調整可能なことを特徴と
する請求項1に記載の光カプラ。2. Means for measuring the amount of displacement generated in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber due to the pressure applied by the variable pressure means is attached, and the optical branching ratio and the optical coupling ratio due to increase/decrease of the contact portion are measured. The optical coupler according to claim 1, wherein the optical coupler can be adjusted by changing the amount of displacement.
メータであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光カプ
ラ。3. The optical coupler according to claim 2, wherein the means for measuring the amount of displacement is a micrometer.
る手段が付設されており、該接触部の増減による光分岐
比および光結合比を該加圧力の変化から調整可能なこと
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の光カプラ。4. Means for measuring the pressure by the variable pressure means is provided, and the light branching ratio and the light coupling ratio by increasing and decreasing the contact portion can be adjusted from changes in the pressure force. The optical coupler according to claim 1.
含む圧力検知回路であることを特徴とする請求項4に記
載の光カプラ。5. The optical coupler according to claim 4, wherein the means for measuring pressure is a pressure detection circuit including a piezoelectric element.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15128691A JPH04372910A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1991-06-24 | Photo-coupler with variable photo-branching ratio and photo-coupling ratio |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15128691A JPH04372910A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1991-06-24 | Photo-coupler with variable photo-branching ratio and photo-coupling ratio |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH04372910A true JPH04372910A (en) | 1992-12-25 |
Family
ID=15515365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15128691A Pending JPH04372910A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1991-06-24 | Photo-coupler with variable photo-branching ratio and photo-coupling ratio |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH04372910A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000034813A1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2000-06-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for adjusting flux emitted from branched light guides |
WO2023073774A1 (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-04 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Uv irradiation system |
-
1991
- 1991-06-24 JP JP15128691A patent/JPH04372910A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000034813A1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2000-06-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for adjusting flux emitted from branched light guides |
WO2023073774A1 (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-04 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Uv irradiation system |
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