JPH0436464Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0436464Y2 JPH0436464Y2 JP2603987U JP2603987U JPH0436464Y2 JP H0436464 Y2 JPH0436464 Y2 JP H0436464Y2 JP 2603987 U JP2603987 U JP 2603987U JP 2603987 U JP2603987 U JP 2603987U JP H0436464 Y2 JPH0436464 Y2 JP H0436464Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- radio wave
- ground
- receiver
- underground
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
「産業上の利用分野」
この考案は地中内の被検出体の位置を、地上に
おいて電波を利用して検出する地中位置検出装置
に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Field" This invention relates to an underground position detection device that detects the position of a detected object underground using radio waves on the ground.
「従来の技術」
従来のこの種の装置の概要を先ず説明する。第
4図は地上1に対し、地中2に掘削機3により、
穴4をほぼ水平に掘り進んでいる様子を示す。こ
の例では被検出体を掘削機3とした場合で、掘削
機3は竪穴5から地中2内に降ろされて、竪穴5
を起点に穴4を掘り進む。"Prior Art" First, an overview of a conventional device of this type will be explained. Figure 4 shows an excavator 3 drilling underground 2 for ground 1.
This figure shows hole 4 being dug almost horizontally. In this example, the object to be detected is the excavator 3, and the excavator 3 is lowered into the underground 2 from the shaft 5.
Dig hole 4 using this as a starting point.
掘削機3の位置を知るため、電波送信器11が
地上1に設けられ、電波送信器11から地中2内
に向つてパルス状電波が一定周期で送信される。
一方被検出体である掘削機3に電波受信器12が
設けられる。送信器11が受信器12の直上及び
その近傍13に位置していると、送信器11から
の電波が受信器12に受信される。送信器11及
び受信器12間の距離は送信器11が電波パルス
を送信してから受信器12が受信するまでの時間
に比例し、また、受信器11の受信電圧とも比例
している。従つて送信器11の地上1での位置を
移動させることにより受信器12、つまり掘削機
3の位置を検出することができる。 In order to know the position of the excavator 3, a radio wave transmitter 11 is provided on the ground 1, and pulsed radio waves are transmitted from the radio wave transmitter 11 into the underground 2 at regular intervals.
On the other hand, a radio wave receiver 12 is provided in the excavator 3 which is the object to be detected. When the transmitter 11 is located directly above the receiver 12 and in the vicinity 13 thereof, the radio waves from the transmitter 11 are received by the receiver 12. The distance between the transmitter 11 and the receiver 12 is proportional to the time from when the transmitter 11 transmits a radio wave pulse until the receiver 12 receives it, and also proportional to the reception voltage of the receiver 11. Therefore, by moving the position of the transmitter 11 on the ground 1, the position of the receiver 12, that is, the excavator 3 can be detected.
このため地上に位置検出用台車21が設けられ
る。位置検出用台車21は例えば第5図に示すよ
うに厚さが薄い方形状車体22の両側に車輪2
3,24がそれぞ取付けられると共に、車体22
の前方突部の下に車輪25が取付けられている。
台車21を移動させるための駆動把手56が取付
けられている。台車21の内部には三角ダイポー
ル形の送信アンテナ26が収容されている。また
図に示してないが送信器も収容され、その送信器
に対する電源や信号用のケーブル27が車体22
から導出されている。 For this purpose, a position detection trolley 21 is provided on the ground. The position detection trolley 21 has wheels 2 on both sides of a thin rectangular body 22, as shown in FIG.
3 and 24 are respectively attached, and the vehicle body 22
A wheel 25 is attached below the front protrusion.
A drive handle 56 for moving the trolley 21 is attached. A triangular dipole-shaped transmitting antenna 26 is housed inside the truck 21 . Although not shown in the figure, a transmitter is also accommodated, and a power supply and signal cable 27 for the transmitter is connected to the vehicle body 22.
It is derived from
被検出体である掘削機3に受信器12が取付け
られる。受信器12の受信アンテナ28は例えば
第6図に示すように絶縁材の円筒体29の周面に
三角状の一対のアンテナ素子31a,31bが被
着されて構成される。円筒体29の内部には図に
示してないが受信器本体が収容され、低周波信号
に変換された受信信号がケーブル32を通じて出
力される。 A receiver 12 is attached to an excavator 3, which is an object to be detected. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the receiving antenna 28 of the receiver 12 is constructed by attaching a pair of triangular antenna elements 31a and 31b to the circumferential surface of a cylindrical body 29 made of an insulating material. Although not shown in the figure, a receiver main body is housed inside the cylindrical body 29, and a received signal converted to a low frequency signal is outputted through a cable 32.
位置検出用台車21内の送信器から電波パルス
が地中2内に放射され、受信器12で受信され
る。これら両アンテナの指向特性から、その検出
を比較的容易にするため、第7図に示すように受
信器12の円筒体29の軸心を紙面に垂直とする
と、位置検出用台車21は円筒体29の軸心と直
角方向に地上1を移動させる。この時、送信アン
テナ26の指向特性曲線34は紙面と垂直内面の
ものよりも紙面上のものの方が広く、また同様に
受信器12のアンテナ28の指向特性曲線35も
紙面上のものが紙面と垂直な面内のものよりも広
いものとなり、このように選定した場合が送信方
向と受信方向とを一致させ易く、つまり掘削機3
の位置を検出し易い。 Radio wave pulses are radiated into the underground 2 from a transmitter in the position detection trolley 21 and received by the receiver 12 . From the directional characteristics of these two antennas, in order to make their detection relatively easy, if the axis of the cylindrical body 29 of the receiver 12 is set perpendicular to the plane of the drawing as shown in FIG. The ground 1 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the axis of 29. At this time, the directional characteristic curve 34 of the transmitting antenna 26 is wider on the page than the one perpendicular to the page, and similarly, the directional characteristic curve 35 of the antenna 28 of the receiver 12 is also wider on the page than on the page. It is wider than that in the vertical plane, and when selected in this way, it is easier to match the transmitting direction and the receiving direction, that is, the excavator 3
It is easy to detect the position of
しかし、掘削機3の位置の検出が容易だが、送
信アンテナ、受信アンテナともその指向特性が比
較的広く、例えば半値幅が60度程度であるため、
掘削機3の検出位置精度が悪い欠点があつた。 However, although it is easy to detect the position of the excavator 3, both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna have relatively wide directional characteristics, for example, the half width is about 60 degrees, so
The drawback was that the detection position accuracy of the excavator 3 was poor.
なお、地中レーダにおいて、アンテナの地上に
対する高さを変更できるようにしたものが実願昭
59−101760号(実公平1−41205号)で提案され
ている。地中レーダは送信アンテナと受信アンテ
ナとがならべて設けられているため、地面の状況
によりアンテナの放射インピーダンスが変化し、
不整合状態になると送信信号が大きく受信アンテ
ナに入り、受信機の前段増幅器が飽和し、その飽
和が直ちに解消しない。この問題を避けるために
アンテナの高さを調整している。 In addition, in ground penetrating radar, the height of the antenna relative to the ground can be changed.
It is proposed in No. 59-101760 (Jikkoi No. 1-41205). Since underground radar has a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna installed side by side, the radiation impedance of the antenna changes depending on the ground condition.
When a mismatch occurs, a large amount of the transmitted signal enters the receiving antenna, saturating the receiver's front-stage amplifier, and the saturation does not immediately disappear. The height of the antenna is adjusted to avoid this problem.
「問題点を解決するための手段」
この考案によれば、位置検出用台車に取付けた
電波送信機、電波受信機の一方のアンテナの地上
に対する高さを変更することができる手段が設け
られる。"Means for Solving Problems" According to this invention, a means is provided that can change the height of one of the antennas of the radio wave transmitter and the radio wave receiver attached to the position detecting trolley relative to the ground.
電波送信機、電波受信機の何れのアンテナにお
いてもその地上に対する高さを変更すると指向特
性が変化する。従つて例えば最初アンテナに従来
と同様に地上に接近させて、被検出体を探し、送
受信が互に確認されると、アンテナの高さを高く
して、地上のアンテナ指向特性を尖鋭にして、そ
の状態で送信から受信までの時間が最小になるよ
うに、又は受信電圧が最大になるようにして被検
出体を探し、その検出位置精度を高める。 In both the antenna of a radio wave transmitter and a radio wave receiver, when the height relative to the ground is changed, the directivity characteristics change. Therefore, for example, first the antenna is brought close to the ground in the same manner as before to search for the object to be detected, and once transmission and reception are mutually confirmed, the height of the antenna is raised to sharpen the directional characteristics of the antenna on the ground. In this state, the object to be detected is searched so that the time from transmission to reception is minimized or the received voltage is maximized to improve the detection position accuracy.
この考案は前述したように、アンテナの高さを
変えることにより、指向特性の尖鋭度を変化させ
て、広い範囲を探知したり、狭い範囲を探知する
ようにした点で前記公報に示す公知の地中レーダ
の技術と異なる。 As mentioned above, this device differs from the known one shown in the above publication in that it detects a wide range or a narrow range by changing the height of the antenna to change the sharpness of the directional characteristics. The technology is different from ground penetrating radar.
「実施例」
第1図はこの考案の実施例を示し、送信側に適
用した場合であり、第5図と対応する部分には同
一符号を付けてある。この例では車輪23〜25
を車体22に対して取外し自在とし、その取付け
位置を、高さ方向において変更できるようにされ
る。第1図では最も下の軸受孔に車輪23〜25
が取付けられた場合で、その軸受孔上に、軸受孔
41,42が車体22の側壁に上下に配列してそ
れぞれ形成されている。従つて車輪23〜25を
軸受孔41に取付けるとアンテナ26は地上に近
づき車輪23〜25を軸受孔42に取付けるとア
ンテナ26は地上に一層近づき、ほぼ地表と接す
る状態になる。"Embodiment" FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of this invention, which is applied to the transmitting side, and parts corresponding to those in FIG. 5 are given the same reference numerals. In this example, wheels 23-25
can be freely removed from the vehicle body 22, and its mounting position can be changed in the height direction. In Figure 1, the wheels 23 to 25 are located in the bottom bearing hole.
When the vehicle body 22 is installed, bearing holes 41 and 42 are formed above the bearing holes in a vertical arrangement on the side wall of the vehicle body 22, respectively. Therefore, when the wheels 23 to 25 are attached to the bearing hole 41, the antenna 26 approaches the ground, and when the wheels 23 to 25 are attached to the bearing hole 42, the antenna 26 comes closer to the ground and is almost in contact with the ground.
例えば地上よりアンテナ26までの高さをh、
使用波長をλとすると、h/λ=0の指向特性は
第2図Aに示すようにブロードであるが、h/λ
=0.1では第2図Bに示すようにシヤープになる。
従つて例えば、第1図に例示したようにしてアン
テナ26の高さhを順次高くし、その各高さにお
いて、位置検出用台車21を掘削機3の進行方向
と直角方向に地上を移動させた時の受信器12に
受信される受信信号の信号電圧を測定すると、例
えば第3図の曲線45,46,47として示すよ
うになる。アンテナ26の高さhが低い状態では
曲線45のように位置検出用台車21を可成り移
動しても受信電圧は大きくは変化しないが、アン
テナ26の高さhを高くすると曲線47に示すよ
うに受信器12のほぼ直上に位置検出用台車があ
る場合にしか受信できない。従つてアンテナ26
を低くして被検出体を探し、その後、アンテナ2
6を高くすることにより被検出体の位置をより高
い精度で検出することができる。なお、アンテナ
26の高さはh/λが0〜0.1の範囲で複数段階
に変更できれば良い。もちろん連続的に変更でき
るようにしてもよい。 For example, the height from the ground to the antenna 26 is h,
If the wavelength used is λ, the directivity characteristic when h/λ=0 is broad as shown in Figure 2A, but h/λ
= 0.1, it becomes sharp as shown in Figure 2B.
Therefore, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the height h of the antenna 26 is increased one after another, and at each height, the position detection trolley 21 is moved on the ground in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the excavator 3. When the signal voltages of the received signals received by the receiver 12 are measured, the signal voltages are shown as curves 45, 46, and 47 in FIG. 3, for example. When the height h of the antenna 26 is low, as shown by a curve 45, the received voltage does not change much even if the position detection trolley 21 is moved considerably, but when the height h of the antenna 26 is increased, as shown by a curve 47 Reception is possible only when the position detection trolley is located almost directly above the receiver 12. Therefore, the antenna 26
search for the object to be detected, then lower antenna 2.
By increasing the value of 6, the position of the object to be detected can be detected with higher accuracy. Note that it is sufficient that the height of the antenna 26 can be changed in multiple steps within the range of h/λ from 0 to 0.1. Of course, it may be possible to change it continuously.
なお、第1図において車体22内に送信機37
が設けられ、その送信機37とアンテナ26との
間にバラン38が配されている。上述においてア
ンテナ26の高さを変更する手段としては他の任
意の手段を用いることができる。また地上1に受
信器12を配し、地中の被検出体に送信器11を
設けてもよい。 In addition, in FIG. 1, a transmitter 37 is installed inside the vehicle body 22.
A balun 38 is arranged between the transmitter 37 and the antenna 26. In the above description, any other means can be used to change the height of the antenna 26. Alternatively, the receiver 12 may be placed on the ground 1, and the transmitter 11 may be placed on the object to be detected underground.
「考案の効果」
以上述べたようにこの考案によれば、地上側の
アンテナの地表に対する高さを変更することによ
り、被検出体の位置を容易に探し、しかも、高い
位置精度で検出することができる。例えば従来に
おいては検出位置精度が1m程度であつたが、こ
の考案によれば検出位置精度を1cm程にすること
ができる。"Effects of the invention" As described above, according to this invention, by changing the height of the antenna on the ground side relative to the ground surface, it is possible to easily locate the object to be detected and detect it with high positional accuracy. I can do it. For example, in the past, the detection position accuracy was about 1 m, but with this invention, the detection position accuracy can be reduced to about 1 cm.
第1図はこの考案による地中位置検出装置の要
部である位置検出用台車の一例を示す断面図、第
2図は第1図中のアンテナ26の地表に対する高
さを変更した場合の指向特性の例を示す図、第3
図はアンテナの地表よりの高さをパラメータとし
た受信電圧−台車移動距離特性例を示す図、第4
図は地中位置検出装置の例を示す断面図、第5図
は位置検出用台車の例を示す斜視図、第6図は受
信アンテナ28の例を示す斜視図、第7図は送信
アンテナと受信アンテナの配置関係を示す図であ
る。
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a position detecting cart which is a main part of the underground position detecting device according to this invention, and Fig. 2 shows the orientation when the height of the antenna 26 in Fig. 1 relative to the ground is changed. Diagram showing examples of characteristics, 3rd
The figure shows an example of the received voltage vs. bogie movement distance characteristic with the height of the antenna above the ground as a parameter.
The figure is a sectional view showing an example of an underground position detection device, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of a position detection trolley, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of a receiving antenna 28, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the arrangement relationship of receiving antennas.
Claims (1)
波送信器の一方を取付け、地上の位置検出用台車
に上記電波受信器又は電波送信器の他方を取付
け、上記電波送信器より送信された電波を上記電
波受信器で受信し、その受信電波の伝搬時間又
は/及び受信電圧を測定して上記被検出体の位置
を検出する地中検出装置において、 上記位置検出用台車の電波送信器又は電波受信
器のアンテナとして、その指向特性の指向方向が
地中に向けられたものが用いられ、かつそのアン
テナの地上に対する高さを変更する手段が設けら
れていることを特徴とする地中位置検出装置。[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] One of a radio wave receiver and a radio wave transmitter is attached to a detected object moving underground, and the other of the radio wave receiver or radio wave transmitter is attached to a position detecting cart on the ground. An underground detection device that detects the position of the object to be detected by receiving radio waves transmitted from the radio wave transmitter with the radio wave receiver and measuring the propagation time and/or received voltage of the received radio waves, comprising: As the antenna of the radio wave transmitter or radio wave receiver of the detection trolley, an antenna whose directional characteristic is directed toward the ground is used, and a means is provided for changing the height of the antenna with respect to the ground. An underground position detection device characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2603987U JPH0436464Y2 (en) | 1987-02-23 | 1987-02-23 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2603987U JPH0436464Y2 (en) | 1987-02-23 | 1987-02-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS63135181U JPS63135181U (en) | 1988-09-05 |
JPH0436464Y2 true JPH0436464Y2 (en) | 1992-08-27 |
Family
ID=30826749
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2603987U Expired JPH0436464Y2 (en) | 1987-02-23 | 1987-02-23 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0436464Y2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0516542Y2 (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1993-04-30 |
-
1987
- 1987-02-23 JP JP2603987U patent/JPH0436464Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS63135181U (en) | 1988-09-05 |
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