JPH0436326Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0436326Y2 JPH0436326Y2 JP1984104507U JP10450784U JPH0436326Y2 JP H0436326 Y2 JPH0436326 Y2 JP H0436326Y2 JP 1984104507 U JP1984104507 U JP 1984104507U JP 10450784 U JP10450784 U JP 10450784U JP H0436326 Y2 JPH0436326 Y2 JP H0436326Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- truss
- roof
- view
- gable
- bundle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000538132 Moya Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238633 Odonata Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
この実用新案は、はり間に合わせて寸法・形状
が調整できる組み立て便利な量産型の木造小屋組
トラスに関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] This utility model relates to a mass-produced wooden roof truss that is easy to assemble and whose size and shape can be adjusted according to the beam spacing.
従来、屋根の骨組である小屋組の中で、はりを
単一材として用いる形式のものを和小屋組といつ
て、施工が単純でやり易いため、古くから最も広
く用いられていた。 Traditionally, among roof frames, which are roof frames, those that use beams as a single material are called Japanese roof frames, and have been the most widely used since ancient times because they are simple and easy to construct.
しかし、この方式のものは、はり間が大きくな
ると、それ相応の長さと、特別に大きな断面のは
りが必要となるため、大きなはり間の建物には、
実用向きで無い難点があつた。 However, with this method, as the beam space becomes larger, beams of corresponding length and especially large cross section are required, so for buildings with large beam spaces,
There were some drawbacks that made it unsuitable for practical use.
また、近年、特に大きなはりの入手が難しく、
高価となつたため、比較的大きなはり間の屋根に
でも、小さい断面のはりが用いられるなど、強度
上も難点のある実例が増えていた。 Also, in recent years, it has been difficult to obtain especially large beams.
As they became more expensive, there were an increasing number of cases where beams with a small cross section were used even for roofs with relatively large beams, which had drawbacks in terms of strength.
一方、はり間の大きい屋根を、最も合理的に造
る方法として、小さい断面の角材を三角形状に組
み合わせ、ボルトで接合したトラスを骨組とする
洋小屋組と言われるものがあつた。 On the other hand, the most rational way to construct a roof with large beams was to use what is known as a Western-style roof structure, in which square timbers of small cross-section were assembled into a triangular shape and the framework was a truss that was joined with bolts.
この洋小屋組は、校舎、講堂、工場など、大は
り間の木造建物に、昭和30年代まで広く使われて
いたものであり、数10年を経た現在もなお、使用
中の建物があつた。 This Western-style roof truss was widely used for wooden buildings between large beams, such as school buildings, lecture halls, and factories, until the 1950s, and there are still buildings in use today, several decades later. .
第１図は、上記の切妻型洋小屋組を側面図で表
わしたものである。 FIG. 1 is a side view of the above-mentioned gable-type Western-style roof truss.
しかし、この小屋組を用いて寄棟型の大屋根を
造るには、その構成部材のすみつけをはじめ、切
り込みおよび組み立て方に至るまで、非常に困難
の多い手作業があり、当時、10年以上年季が入つ
た大工でさえ、完全に施工できる者は、100人中
に僅か１人と言われる程高度の技術を要するもの
であつた。 However, in order to construct a large hipped roof using this roof frame, it required extremely difficult manual labor, from locating the component parts to cutting and assembling them. It required so much skill that only one in 100 people, even an old carpenter, could complete the work.
例えば、第６図は、上記寄棟の中心部となる真
束部分の取り合いを分解して見たもので、１本の
細い真束の周りには、５方向から放射状に斜材が
集中している。しかも、その接点となる部分に
は、構造強度上重要なほぞ及びほぞ孔が夫々の大
きさと角度で正確に切り込まれていなければなら
ない。また、この複雑な取り合いを更に補強する
ために、第７図に示した通り、上記５本の斜材を
ひよどりボルト１１を用いて接合しなくてはなら
ない。 For example, Figure 6 shows an exploded view of the arrangement of the true bundles that form the center of the hipped roof.The diagonals are concentrated radially from five directions around one thin true bundle. ing. In addition, tenons and tenons, which are important for structural strength, must be cut in the contact points with accurate size and angle. In addition, in order to further strengthen this complicated connection, the five diagonal members must be joined together using horizontal bolts 11, as shown in FIG.
しかも、このボルトの孔は、５本の部材が夫々
立体的に全く異つた位置と方角をもつているた
め、個々ばらばらな部材として正確に孔あけする
ことは、大工職人の経験と感とに頼るしか無いな
ど、正に、神業に近い技術が必要であつた。 Furthermore, since each of the five members has completely different three-dimensional positions and directions for the bolt holes, it takes a carpenter's experience and sense to accurately drill the holes for each individual member. There was no choice but to rely on it, and it truly required a skill that was almost miraculous.
一方、放射状に集まる５本の各部材の中心線
は、真束の中央部１点に集まり、力学上全く偏心
の無い合理的な接合となつていた。 On the other hand, the center lines of the five radially gathered members converged at one point in the center of the true bundle, resulting in a rational joint with no mechanical eccentricity.
しかし、この驚くべき高度の技術は、古くから
伝わる徒弟制度によつて職人が厳しい体験修業の
中から個人の秘伝として継承してきたもので、そ
の制度を失なつた現在、これに替る修業の場が無
く、従つて上記の工事を正確に安全に施工できる
大工は、皆無に等しい状態になつていた。 However, this amazingly advanced technology was passed down as a personal secret through the rigorous experiential training of craftsmen through the ancient apprenticeship system, and now that this system has been lost, there are alternative training opportunities. As a result, there were virtually no carpenters who could carry out the above work accurately and safely.
その後、木造は住宅が主な用途となつていた
が、機能上、外観上等の要求から、比較的大きな
はり間の屋根も増えてきた。 After that, wooden structures were mainly used for housing, but due to demands for functionality and appearance, the number of roofs with relatively large beams increased.
しかし、従来の洋小屋組では、はり間に比例し
てトラスが大きくなるため、敷地や道路事情の窮
屈な我が国では、大型化したトラスの利用は困難
であつた。 However, in conventional Western-style roof frames, the truss becomes larger in proportion to the beam spacing, so it has been difficult to use larger trusses in Japan, where land and road conditions are tight.
また、最近は、平角の細い部材を組み合わせ、
釘状の簡易な金物で接合する軽量なトラスも増え
ているが、瓦葺きの重い屋根など、特に強度を重
要視する屋根には難点があつた。 In addition, recently, we have been combining thin rectangular members,
Lightweight trusses that are joined using simple hardware such as nails are on the rise, but this poses a problem for roofs where strength is particularly important, such as heavy tiled roofs.
本考案は、これ等の欠点を除くために考案され
たもので、これを図面について説明すれば、
(イ) 工場にて、一定寸法および一定形状の直角三
角形型のトラス部品を造る。 The present invention was devised to eliminate these drawbacks, and can be explained with reference to the drawings. (a) Right triangular truss parts of fixed dimensions and fixed shape are manufactured in a factory.
トラス部品の形状としては、第２図の切妻用
および第３図の寄棟用の二種類を造る。 Two types of truss parts will be made: one for the gable shown in Figure 2 and one for the hipped part shown in Figure 3.
(ロ) 第４図で分かる通り、真束１の両側に切妻用
トラスを対称に組み合わせ、２本の添えろく
ばり６で挟んで切妻型小屋組トラスを造る。(b) As you can see in Figure 4, gable trusses are assembled symmetrically on both sides of the true bundle 1, and sandwiched between two support pieces 6 to create a gable type roof truss.
(ハ) 第５図は、上記切妻型トラスを、はり間に合
わせて大きくした場合の分解斜視図である。(c) FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the gable truss enlarged to fit between the beams.
中央につな木８と２本の真束１を挟み、はり
間に合わせて長くした添えろくばり６をろくば
り２の両側より当ててトラス全体を大きくした
ものである。 The entire truss is made larger by sandwiching a connecting tree 8 and two true bundles 1 in the center, and attaching end pieces 6, which are lengthened to fit between the beams, from both sides of the end pieces 2.
(ニ) 第８図は、上記切妻型トラスに、寄棟用お
よび切妻用を放射状に組み合わせて、寄棟型
小屋組を造つたもので、その全体の構成を斜視
図で表したものである。(ii) Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the overall structure of a hip-roof truss made by radially combining the gable truss with a hip-roof and gable truss.
(ホ) 第９図は、上記寄棟の真束１を芯にして、５
方向から集まつたトラス部品の束部分の断面を
表したもので、接合点の各束が夫々取り付け易
い形状で無理なく納まつているのが分かる。(E) Figure 9 shows 5
This is a cross-sectional view of a bundle of truss parts assembled from different directions, and it can be seen that each bundle at the joint points is fitted in a shape that is easy to install.
また、放射状に集まつている部材の夫々の中
心線が真束の中央部１点に集まり、力学上の偏
心が全く無い合理的な設計になつていることが
分かる。 It can also be seen that the center lines of the members gathered radially converge at one point in the center of the true bundle, resulting in a rational design with no mechanical eccentricity.
(ヘ) 第５図には、ろくばりのたわみ防止用として
用いられるシヤチ７の形状と、これが打ち込ま
れるろくばりの欠き込みの状態を表してある。(e) Figure 5 shows the shape of the shutter 7 used to prevent the beam from bending and the state of the notch in the beam into which it is driven.
第９図には、ろくばり２と添えろくばり６と
の間に打ち込んだシヤチ７の箇所を上面図とし
て表したもので、古来からの伝承技術に基づく
この方法を用いると木材に多少の伸縮が出て
も、上記両材が接合面で離れることが無い。 Figure 9 shows a top view of the location of the sill 7 driven between the bottom stopper 2 and the support stopper 6. If this method, which is based on an ancient technique, is used, the wood will expand and contract to some extent. Even if the two materials come out, the two materials will not separate at the joint surface.
(ト) 各トラスの合掌ばり３の上部には、タルキ５
を取り付ける。(g) On the top of the gassho bari 3 of each truss, there is a taruki 5
Attach.
(チ) 第１０図は、切妻屋根の小屋組構成を表した
ものである。(H) Figure 10 shows the structure of a gable roof.
一定間隔にのせた主トラスの中間には、第１
１図で表した補助トラス部材１７を配置して、
骨組の合理化をはかつている。 In the middle of the main truss placed at regular intervals, there are
By arranging the auxiliary truss member 17 shown in FIG.
The framework is being streamlined.
(リ) 第１０図で分かる通り、タルキ５の上部に
は、屋根パネルをのせる。このパネルは、第１
３図で表したように、厚みのある木材を機械に
より本実加工し組み合せたものである。(li) As you can see in Figure 10, a roof panel is placed on top of Taruki 5. This panel is the first
As shown in Figure 3, it is made of thick wood that has been machine-processed and assembled.
(ヌ) 小屋組を更に丈夫にするために、第１２図で
表したように、棟下方杖１５と振れ止め１６を
取り付ける。(J) In order to make the roof frame even stronger, as shown in Fig. 12, attach the lower ridge cane 15 and steady rest 16.
本考案は、以上のような構成であるから、この
方法を用いると、従来の施工法では困難を極めた
寄棟型の洋小屋組がどんな大工にでも容易に組み
立てることが出来る。 Since the present invention has the above-described structure, by using this method, any carpenter can easily assemble a hipped Western-style roof frame, which is extremely difficult to construct using conventional construction methods.
本考案のトラス部品は、総て工場で量産できる
他、比較的大きなはり間のものは、どんな寸法で
も簡単に調整し、組み立てることが出来る。 All of the truss parts of this invention can be mass-produced in factories, and those with relatively large beams can be easily adjusted and assembled to any size.
本考案を用いると、従来必要であつた母家４が
不要となり、現場での工程が１段階省略される。 When the present invention is used, the conventionally necessary main house 4 is no longer necessary, and one step of the on-site process is omitted.
本考案のトラス部品は、従来のトラスに較べ半
分以下の大きさとなるため、現場での運搬・組み
立ても便利である他、工場生産によつて品質の向
上がはかられるばかりでなく、施工期間を大巾に
短縮することが出来る。 The truss parts of this invention are less than half the size of conventional trusses, making them convenient to transport and assemble on-site.Factory production not only improves quality, but also reduces construction time. can be shortened to a large width.
また、タルキ５を直接合掌ばり３の上にのせる
ため、屋根の荷重を直接支える合掌ばりは、重ね
ばりとして合理的に補強できる他、必要に応じて
長い軒先を無理なく丈夫に出すことが出来る。 In addition, since the taruki 5 is placed directly on the gassho beam 3, the gassho beam that directly supports the load of the roof can be rationally reinforced as an overlapping beam, and if necessary, a long eave can be extended easily and firmly. I can do it.
本考案に用いる屋根パネルは、最近特に利用開
発が求められている間伐材の小径木を使用するた
め、厚みのある木材として断熱性が良く、結露が
無い、居住性能の高い屋根を造ることが出来る。 The roof panels used in this invention are made of small-diameter wood from thinned forests, which has been particularly sought after in recent years, so it is possible to create a roof with good insulation properties as a thick wood, no condensation, and high livability. I can do it.
本考案のトラスに使われる接合用ボルトは、総
て、部材の中心線上にくるよう配置されているた
め、力学上の偏心による無理な力がかかることが
無い。 All the joining bolts used in the truss of the present invention are arranged so as to be on the center line of the members, so that no excessive force is applied due to mechanical eccentricity.
本考案の接合用ボルトに、スプリング座金を使
用すると、木材の伸縮による接合部のゆるみが防
止され、なお一層の安全性を高めることが出来
る。 When a spring washer is used in the joint bolt of the present invention, loosening of the joint due to expansion and contraction of the wood can be prevented, further increasing safety.
第１図は従来の切妻型洋小屋組トラスの側面
図、第２図は本考案の切妻用トラス部品にタルキ
をのせた場合の側面図、第３図は本考案の寄棟用
トラス部品にタルキをのせた場合の側面図、第４
図は本考案のトラス部品を用いて切妻型小屋組ト
ラスを造り、タルキをのせた場合の側面図、第５
図は本考案の切妻型小屋組トラスのはり間を、更
に長くした場合の分解斜視図、第６図は従来の寄
棟型洋小屋組における真束部分の取り合い分解斜
視図、第７図は従来の寄棟型洋小屋組に於ける真
束部分の取り合い上面図、第８図は本考案の寄棟
型小屋組の構成斜視図、第９図は本考案の寄棟型
小屋組に於ける真束と、その周りに結合された５
個のトラス部品の束との断面図、第１０図は本考
案の切妻型トラスを用いた小屋組の構成斜視図、
第１１図は本考案の補助トラスにタルキをのせた
場合の側面図、第１２図は本考案の切妻型小屋組
に於ける、棟下方杖と振れ止めの納まり側面図、
第１３図は間伐材小径木を利用した屋根パネルの
斜視図。
は切妻用トラス部品、は寄棟用トラス部
品、１は真束（かぶらづか）、１′は切妻用トラス
部品の束、１″は寄棟用トラス部品の束、２はろ
くばり（陸梁）、３は合掌ばり、４はモヤ（母
屋）、５はタルキ、６は添えろくばり、７はシヤ
チ、８はつな木、９はトンボ火打ばり、１０は棟
木、１１は桁、１２は接合用金物、１３はボル
ト、１４はひよどりボルト、１５はむなした方杖
（棟下方杖）、１６は振れ止め、１７は補助トラス
部材、１８は屋根パネル、１９は火打ばり、２０
は方杖。
Figure 1 is a side view of a conventional gable-type Western-style roof frame truss, Figure 2 is a side view of a gable truss component of the present invention with a taruki placed on it, and Figure 3 is a side view of a hip truss component of the present invention. Side view when Taruki is placed, 4th
The figure shows a side view of a gable-type roof truss constructed using the truss parts of the present invention and a truss mounted on it.
The figure is an exploded perspective view of the gable-type roof truss of the present invention when the beams are further lengthened, Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of the true bundle parts in a conventional hip-type Western-style roof frame, and Figure 7 is Fig. 8 is a top view of the arrangement of the true bundle parts in a conventional hipped roof truss, Figure 8 is a perspective view of the structure of the hipped roof truss of the present invention, and Figure 9 is a diagram of the hipped roof truss of the present invention. Manatsuka and 5 combined around it
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a bundle of truss parts, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a roof frame using the gable truss of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a side view of the auxiliary truss of the present invention with a taruki placed on it, Figure 12 is a side view of the lower ridge cane and steady rest in the gable-type roof structure of the present invention;
Figure 13 is a perspective view of a roof panel made from thinned small-diameter wood. 1 is a bundle of truss parts for a gable, 1 is a bundle of truss parts for a hip, 1 is a bundle of truss parts for a hip, 2 is a bundle of truss parts for a hip. ), 3 is the gassho bar, 4 is the moya (main building), 5 is the taruki, 6 is the support bar, 7 is the shachi, 8 is the tsunagi, 9 is the dragonfly fire bar, 10 is the ridgepole, 11 is the girder, 12 is Joining hardware, 13 is a bolt, 14 is a bolt, 15 is a hollow cane (lower ridge cane), 16 is a steady rest, 17 is an auxiliary truss member, 18 is a roof panel, 19 is a flint bolt, 20
A cane.
Claims (1)
１対にし、添え陸梁で真束とその両側の陸梁を挟
み、ボルトによる結合で組立てた木構造用小屋組
トラス。 This is a wooden structure roof truss made by combining right triangular truss parts into a pair with a true bundle interposed between them, sandwiching the true bundle and the land beams on both sides with supporting land beams, and joining them with bolts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10450784U JPS6120821U (en) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | Roof truss for wooden structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10450784U JPS6120821U (en) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | Roof truss for wooden structures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6120821U JPS6120821U (en) | 1986-02-06 |
| JPH0436326Y2 true JPH0436326Y2 (en) | 1992-08-27 |
Family
ID=30663855
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10450784U Granted JPS6120821U (en) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | Roof truss for wooden structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6120821U (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56122458A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-25 | Nat Jutaku Kenzai | Method of forming truss for roof truss |
-
1984
- 1984-07-12 JP JP10450784U patent/JPS6120821U/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56122458A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-25 | Nat Jutaku Kenzai | Method of forming truss for roof truss |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6120821U (en) | 1986-02-06 |
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