JPH04335869A - Production of seasoning - Google Patents

Production of seasoning

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Publication number
JPH04335869A
JPH04335869A JP3100840A JP10084091A JPH04335869A JP H04335869 A JPH04335869 A JP H04335869A JP 3100840 A JP3100840 A JP 3100840A JP 10084091 A JP10084091 A JP 10084091A JP H04335869 A JPH04335869 A JP H04335869A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
birds
animals
seasoning
coarse
shellfishes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3100840A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Koichi Sugita
浩一 杉田
Mikako Nagatomo
長友 美佳子
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIPPON SHIYOKUZAI KAKO KK
Original Assignee
NIPPON SHIYOKUZAI KAKO KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NIPPON SHIYOKUZAI KAKO KK filed Critical NIPPON SHIYOKUZAI KAKO KK
Priority to JP3100840A priority Critical patent/JPH04335869A/en
Publication of JPH04335869A publication Critical patent/JPH04335869A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Seasonings (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prepare a seasoning by enzymically treating processing wastes of fishes and shellfishes, birds or animals or coarse meaty materials, ultrafiltering the resultant product and thereto recovering flavoring and tasting ingredients without any malodor. CONSTITUTION:Sites such as the head, viscera and tails belonging to processing wastes of fishes, shellfishes, birds or animals or coarse meaty materials such as slender shad are roughly pulverized, directly kept at about 50 deg.C for 3hr and autolyzed by utilizing digesting enzymes contained in the sites or an enzyme is added from the outside to ferment the sites. The resultant product is then diluted and ultrafiltered with, e.g. a hollow yarn type ultrafiltration membrane having <=50000 fractionation molecular weight. Thereby, the processing wastes of the fishes, shellfishes, birds and animals which have merely uses of livestock feeds can be utilized as a seasoning.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、調味料の製造法、特に
魚介類、鳥獣類の加工廃棄物や粗肉質材等を利用した調
味料の製造法に関するものである。 【0002】 【従来の技術】魚介類、鳥獣類を加工する際には、一般
に食用に適さない頭部、内臓部、尾部などの部位が廃棄
物として生じる。従来、これらの部位あるいはヒラゴイ
ワシのような粗肉質材は、このままでは夾雑物が多くて
、味、異臭が強く、食用あるいは調味料には利用できず
、そのまま廃棄するか、一部は加工して家畜飼料に供さ
れていた。これらの夾雑物や異臭の除去には、一般的に
活性白土、シリカゲル等の二酸化ケイ素、活性炭等炭素
系の吸着剤を使用したり、反応攪拌槽、遠心分離機、フ
ィルタープレス、精密濾過等による機械的な濾別が考え
られるが、完全なる異臭除去が困難であったり、逆に望
ましい風味や旨味が除去されたりして、好ましい食品素
材や調味料は得られなかった。また、機械的な濾別処理
では、目詰まりや濾過残渣の廃棄等多くの労力を要し、
作業性が悪い等の問題もあった。 【0003】近年、これらの点を改良するものとして、
魚介類、鳥獣類、甲殻類等の煮汁から調味エキスを製造
するのに、限外濾過を行う方法は知られている(特開昭
63−169967号公報、特開平1−128763号
公報)。一方、酵母の自己消化物、あるいは酵素分解物
を旨味成分とする酵母エキスを限外濾過により、効率よ
く濃縮する方法も提案されている(特開平2−2195
60号公報)。しかしながら、前記いずれの方法も、液
状のエキスの濃縮に限外濾過を用いたもので、本発明の
ごとき魚介類、鳥獣類の加工廃棄物や粗肉質材の処理に
、そのまま適用することは困難であった。 【0004】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、前記のごと
き問題点を解決したもので、魚介類、鳥獣類の加工廃棄
物や粗肉質材から、異臭のない、風味、呈味成分を回収
する調味料の製造法を提供することを目的としている。 【0005】 【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち、前記目的を達
成した本発明に係わる調味料の製造法は、魚介類、鳥獣
類の加工廃棄物に属する部位や粗肉質材を自己消化また
は発酵させる工程と、その生産物を分画分子量50,0
00以下で限外濾過する工程とを組み合わせたことを特
徴としている。 【0006】本発明において、魚介類、鳥獣類の加工廃
棄物とは、魚介類、鳥獣類を缶詰、節類その他の畜肉加
工品、水産練製品等に加工する際に除去される肉質以外
の頭部、内臓部、尾部等の部位を意味し、粗肉質材とは
ヒラゴイワシやカタクチイワシ等の雑魚類で、一般にそ
のままでは食用に不向きな肉質材を意味するが、必要に
応じて通常の肉質部、その他の食物材料、添加物が含ま
れていてもよい。 【0007】本発明では、まず第1工程として、加工廃
棄物に属する部位、例えば内臓部を先ず荒粉砕して、自
己消化または発酵をさせる。自己消化には対象部位自体
に多量に含まれている消化酵素を利用し、通常40〜6
0℃、望ましくは45〜50℃の加温状態で、約3時間
程度かけて自己消化させる。自己消化後は、一旦100
℃近くまで昇温して酵素を失活させ、濾過、減圧濃縮を
行って、自己消化生産物を得る。一方自己消化に代えて
発酵させる場合は、外部からプロテアーゼや、セルラー
ゼ、リパーゼのごとき酵素を添加する以外は、自己消化
とほぼ同様の操作で発酵生産物を得ることができる。し
かしながら、こうして得られた自己消化生産物または発
酵生産物はペースト状で、食品として好ましくないオリ
、その他多量の夾雑物が含まれており、異臭も強く、調
味料として不適である。 【0008】本発明の第2工程では、上記自己消化また
は発酵生産物を限外濾過して、必要な風味や旨味を損な
うことなく、不用な夾雑物や異臭を除去する。即ち、限
外濾過膜としては、分画分子量50,000以下、好ま
しくは6,000〜10,000のものを使用する。分
画分子量が50,000を越えると、異臭が高分子蛋白
に付着し膜を通過するので、本発明の目的を達成できな
い。目的によっては、分画分子量6,000未満でも使
用できるが、好ましい旨味、風味まで除去される等の観
点から6,000以上が望ましい。膜材質としては、ポ
リロイド、酢酸セルロース、ポリエチレン、ポリスルホ
ン、ポリエーテルスルホン等があるが、耐熱性、耐薬品
性という点からはポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン
が好ましい。また、型式には平板型、円管型、スパイラ
ル型、中空糸型等があるが、膜の洗浄の容易さ等から中
空糸型が実用的である。以上のような限外濾過膜を用い
て自己消化または発酵生産物を限外濾過をするに当たっ
ては、あらかじめ適量な水を加えてペースト状生産物を
希釈し、約60〜90℃で殺菌した後冷却し、必要に応
じて約80〜200メッシュの網で粗大な夾雑物を除去
する。限外濾過の条件は、使用する膜の仕様によって異
なるので特定できないが、例えば後述する表1の通りで
ある。 【0009】 【作用】本発明では、前述のように加工廃棄物を自己消
化または発酵する工程と、この自己消化または発酵生産
物を限外濾過する工程を組み合わせることにより、その
作用は必ずしも明かでないが、調味料として利用可能な
異臭のない、すぐれた風味、呈味成分を比較的簡単に回
収できる。 【0010】 【実施例1】カツオの内臓部をクラッシャーにて荒粉砕
して、温度を45〜50℃に保ち、3時間自己消化させ
た。次いで、この自己消化粗生産物を100℃まで昇温
し、酵素失活させた後、デカンター濾過を行い、減圧濃
縮機を用いて、水分約50%になるまで濃縮し、ペース
ト状のカツオの自己消化生産物を得た。このカツオの自
己消化生産物2Kgに水6Kgを加えて水溶液にし、腐
敗防止のために食塩2Kgを加えて溶解した。この溶液
を85℃まで昇温して、80メッシュの網を通して粗大
な夾雑物を除去した後、限外濾過処理を行った。限外濾
過には、表1に示す仕様の分画分子量10,000の限
外濾過装置SLP−1053(旭化成工業株式会社製)
を用いた。運転は、表2に示す条件で行った。 【0011】 【表1】 【0012】 【表2】  【0013】この実施例におけるカツオの自己消化生
産物の一般分析値と、得られた調味料の一般分析値を表
3に示す。この結果、十分一般市販の調味料に匹敵する
ものであった。 【0014】 【表3】 【0015】 【実施例2】表4に示す限外濾過装置SIP−1013
(旭化成工業株式会社製)を用いた以外は、運転条件そ
の他すべて実施例1と同様にして濾過液を得た。 【0016】 【表4】 【0017】 【比較例1】表5に示す公称孔径0.25μmの精密濾
過膜PMP−113(旭化成工業株式会社製)を用いて
、表6に示す運転条件で精密濾過を行った以外は、実施
例1と同様にして濾過液を得た。 【0018】 【表5】 【0019】 【表6】 【0020】上記実施例1、2及び比較例1で得られた
濾過液について、品質及び官能検査を行った結果は、表
7に示すとおりである。表7から明らかなように、実施
例1及び2の分画分子量10,000と6,000の濾
過膜を用いた限外濾過からの濾過液は、いずれも調味料
として十分利用できるものであった。比較例1の濾過液
では、異臭がとれす、旨味に乏しくて、調味料として不
適であった。 【0021】 【表7】 【0022】 注:評価基準 ■.フレーバー  :○・・・良好。    △・・・
うすい。   ×・・・嫌味が残る。 ■.味          :○・・・旨味があり、良
好。        △・・・旨味に乏しい。                   ×・・・嫌味が
残る。 ■.おり        :○・・・非常にクリアーで
おりなし。                   △・・・おりは
ないが何日後かに生じる。                   ×・・・にごり
がある。   【0023】 【実施例3】ヒラゴイワシ(頭、内臓を含む)の乾燥物
5Kgを粉砕機で荒粉砕し、水を約3倍量加え、これに
スミチームMP(新日本化学工業株式会社製プロテアー
ゼ)を10g加えて、55℃で約3時間静置し、酵素反
応を行った。次いで、80℃まで昇温し、10分間液温
保持して酵素を失活させ、200メッシュの網で濾過し
た後、分画分子量10,000の表1に示す限外濾過膜
SLP−1053(旭化成工業株式会社製)を使用して
、表2に示す運転条件で限外濾過して、濾過液を得た。 【0024】 【比較例2】酵素を使用しなかった以外は、実施例3と
同様にして濾過液を得た。 【0025】実施例3と比較例2で得られた濾液につい
て、表7の注記と同じ基準で官能試験した結果は、表8
の通りである。実施例3の濾過液はカツオに酷似した風
味を示し、表8から明らかなように、調味料として十分
実用できるものであったが、自己消化も発酵もしていな
い比較例2の濾過液は、フレーバー、味に生臭さが残り
、調味料には不適であった。 【0026】 【表8】 【0027】 【発明の効果】以上、要するに本発明によれば、以下の
実用上著大な効果が得られる。 ■.魚介類、鳥獣類の加工に際し、一般に食品として利
用し難かった加工廃棄物に属する部位や粗肉質材から、
自己消化または発酵によりすぐれた風味、呈味成分を回
収するとともに、限外濾過により前記風味、呈味成分を
損なうことなく、異臭、オリ等を除去し、初めて有用な
調味料を得るのに成功した。 ■.併せて、微生物を除去した衛生的な調味料が得られ
た。 ■.限外濾過により連続的な操作が可能となり、作業効
率が著しく向上した。
Detailed Description of the Invention [0001] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for producing seasonings, particularly a method for producing seasonings using processing wastes of seafood, birds and animals, coarse fleshy materials, etc. It is related to. [0002] When processing fish, shellfish, and birds and animals, generally inedible parts such as heads, internal organs, and tails are produced as waste. Conventionally, these parts or coarse fleshy materials such as Japanese sardines have a lot of impurities, a strong taste and odor, and cannot be used as food or seasonings, so they are either discarded as is or partially processed. It was used as livestock feed. To remove these impurities and foreign odors, activated clay, silicon dioxide such as silica gel, carbon-based adsorbents such as activated carbon are generally used, or methods such as reaction stirring tanks, centrifuges, filter presses, precision filtration, etc. are used. Mechanical filtration has been considered, but it has been difficult to completely remove off-flavors, or conversely, desirable flavors and umami flavors have been removed, making it impossible to obtain desirable food materials and seasonings. In addition, mechanical filtration treatment requires a lot of effort due to clogging and disposal of filter residue.
There were also problems such as poor workability. [0003] In recent years, to improve these points,
A method of ultrafiltration is known for producing seasoning extracts from broths of seafood, birds and animals, crustaceans, etc. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 169967-1987 and 128763-1999). On the other hand, a method has also been proposed for efficiently concentrating yeast extract containing yeast autolysed products or enzymatically decomposed products as flavor components by ultrafiltration (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-2195
Publication No. 60). However, all of the above-mentioned methods use ultrafiltration to concentrate liquid extracts, and are difficult to apply as is to the treatment of processing waste and coarse fleshy materials of seafood, birds and animals, as in the present invention. Met. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems. The purpose is to provide a method for producing seasonings that recovers ingredients. [Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the method for producing a seasoning according to the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object is to autolyze or process parts and coarse fleshy materials belonging to processing waste of fish and shellfish, birds and animals. Fermentation process and the product with a molecular weight cutoff of 50.0
It is characterized in that it is combined with the step of ultrafiltration at 0.00 or less. [0006] In the present invention, processing waste from fish and shellfish and birds and animals refers to waste other than meat that is removed when processing fish and shellfish and birds and animals into canned goods, joints and other processed meat products, and fish paste products. Coarse fleshy material refers to parts such as the head, internal organs, and tail. Coarse fleshy material refers to small fish such as flat sardines and anchovies, and generally refers to fleshy material that is unsuitable for consumption as it is, but if necessary, normal fleshy parts may be used. , other food materials, and additives may be included. [0007] In the present invention, as a first step, parts belonging to processing waste, such as internal organs, are first coarsely ground and subjected to autolysis or fermentation. Autolysis uses digestive enzymes that are contained in large amounts in the target area itself, and usually 40 to 6
Self-digestion is carried out in a heated state at 0°C, preferably 45 to 50°C, for about 3 hours. After autolysis, 100
The enzyme is inactivated by raising the temperature to near ℃, followed by filtration and concentration under reduced pressure to obtain an autolyzed product. On the other hand, when fermentation is used instead of autolysis, a fermentation product can be obtained using almost the same procedure as autolysis, except for adding enzymes such as protease, cellulase, and lipase from the outside. However, the autolyzed products or fermented products obtained in this way are in the form of a paste and contain a large amount of sludge and other impurities that are undesirable as food, and have a strong off-odor, making them unsuitable as seasonings. [0008] In the second step of the present invention, the autolyzed or fermented product is ultrafiltered to remove unnecessary impurities and off-flavors without impairing the desired flavor or taste. That is, the ultrafiltration membrane used has a molecular weight cut-off of 50,000 or less, preferably 6,000 to 10,000. If the molecular weight cutoff exceeds 50,000, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved because off-flavors adhere to the high molecular weight protein and pass through the membrane. Depending on the purpose, a molecular weight cut-off of less than 6,000 can be used, but a molecular weight cut-off of 6,000 or more is desirable from the viewpoint of removing desirable taste and flavor. Membrane materials include polyroid, cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, etc., but polysulfone and polyethersulfone are preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance and chemical resistance. Further, there are various types such as a flat plate type, a circular tube type, a spiral type, and a hollow fiber type, but the hollow fiber type is practical because of the ease of cleaning the membrane. When performing ultrafiltration of autolyzed or fermented products using the above-mentioned ultrafiltration membrane, the paste-like product is diluted in advance by adding an appropriate amount of water, and then sterilized at approximately 60 to 90°C. Cool and remove coarse impurities using a mesh of approximately 80 to 200 mesh, if necessary. The conditions for ultrafiltration cannot be specified because they vary depending on the specifications of the membrane used, but are as shown in Table 1 below, for example. [Function] In the present invention, as described above, by combining the process of autolyzing or fermenting the processing waste and the process of ultrafiltering the autolyzed or fermented product, the effect is not necessarily clear. However, it is relatively easy to recover excellent flavor and taste components that are free of off-flavors and can be used as seasonings. [Example 1] The internal organs of bonito were roughly crushed using a crusher, the temperature was kept at 45 to 50°C, and the mixture was allowed to autolyze for 3 hours. Next, this autolyzed crude product was heated to 100°C to deactivate the enzyme, and then filtered with a decanter and concentrated using a vacuum concentrator until the moisture content was approximately 50%, resulting in a paste of bonito. Autolysis products were obtained. 6 kg of water was added to 2 kg of this bonito autolysed product to make an aqueous solution, and 2 kg of common salt was added and dissolved to prevent spoilage. This solution was heated to 85°C, passed through an 80-mesh screen to remove coarse impurities, and then subjected to ultrafiltration. For ultrafiltration, an ultrafiltration device SLP-1053 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) with a molecular weight cutoff of 10,000 and specifications shown in Table 1 was used.
was used. The operation was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2. [0011] [Table 1] [0012] [Table 2] [0013] Table 3 shows the general analysis values of the bonito autolysed product and the obtained seasoning in this example. As a result, it was sufficiently comparable to commercially available seasonings. [Table 3] [Example 2] Ultrafiltration device SIP-1013 shown in Table 4
A filtrate was obtained under all the same operating conditions as in Example 1, except for using a filtrate (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Industries, Ltd.). [Table 4] [Comparative Example 1] Precision filtration membrane PMP-113 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) with a nominal pore diameter of 0.25 μm shown in Table 5 was used under the operating conditions shown in Table 6. A filtrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that filtration was performed. [Table 5] [Table 6] [0020] The results of quality and sensory tests performed on the filtrate obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 are as shown in Table 7. It is. As is clear from Table 7, the filtrate from the ultrafiltration using the filtration membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of 10,000 and 6,000 in Examples 1 and 2 can be fully used as a seasoning. Ta. The filtrate of Comparative Example 1 had no off-odor and lacked flavor, making it unsuitable as a seasoning. [Table 7] [0022] Note: Evaluation criteria ■. Flavor: ○...Good. △・・・
thin. ×...I feel a sense of sarcasm. ■. Taste: ○... Has good flavor. △...Lack of flavor. ×...I feel a sense of sarcasm. ■. Cage: ○...Very clear, no cage. △: There is no discharge, but it occurs several days later. ×...There is cloudiness. [Example 3] Roughly crush 5 kg of dry Japanese sardine (including head and internal organs) using a crusher, add about three times the amount of water, and add Sumiteam MP (protease manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) to this. 10g of was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 55°C for about 3 hours to perform an enzymatic reaction. Next, the temperature was raised to 80°C, the liquid temperature was maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the enzyme was filtered through a 200 mesh mesh. (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Industries, Ltd.) under the operating conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a filtrate. Comparative Example 2 A filtrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that no enzyme was used. Table 8 shows the results of a sensory test on the filtrates obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 using the same criteria as the notes in Table 7.
It is as follows. The filtrate of Example 3 had a flavor very similar to bonito, and as is clear from Table 8, it could be used as a seasoning. However, the filtrate of Comparative Example 2, which was neither autolysed nor fermented, It had a fishy smell in its flavor and taste, making it unsuitable for use as a seasoning. [Table 8] [Effects of the Invention] In summary, according to the present invention, the following significant practical effects can be obtained. ■. When processing fish, shellfish, and birds and animals, processing waste parts and coarse fleshy materials that are generally difficult to use as food are used.
In addition to recovering excellent flavor and taste components through autolysis or fermentation, we removed off-flavors, sludge, etc. without impairing the flavor and taste components through ultrafiltration, and succeeded in obtaining a useful seasoning for the first time. did. ■. In addition, a sanitary seasoning from which microorganisms were removed was obtained. ■. Ultrafiltration enables continuous operation, significantly improving work efficiency.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項】  魚介類、鳥獣類の加工廃棄物に属する部
位や粗肉質材等を自己消化、または発酵させ、その生産
物を分画分子量50,000以下で限外濾過することを
特徴とする調味料の製造法。
[Claim] It is characterized by autolyzing or fermenting parts of fish, shellfish, birds and animals that belong to processing waste, coarse fleshy materials, etc., and ultrafiltering the product with a molecular weight cut off of 50,000 or less. Method of manufacturing seasonings.
JP3100840A 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 Production of seasoning Pending JPH04335869A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3100840A JPH04335869A (en) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 Production of seasoning

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3100840A JPH04335869A (en) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 Production of seasoning

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04335869A true JPH04335869A (en) 1992-11-24

Family

ID=14284517

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3100840A Pending JPH04335869A (en) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 Production of seasoning

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH04335869A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04346767A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-12-02 Noboru Sakai Seasoning with fish as raw material and improvement of gustation and flavor of fish soy sauce
WO2004017763A1 (en) * 2002-08-23 2004-03-04 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Process for producing asian fish sauce-like seasoning

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59224665A (en) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-17 Fumio Nishikawa Preparation of natural seasoning
JPH02219560A (en) * 1989-02-22 1990-09-03 Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co Ltd Preparation of yeast extract having improved quality of taste

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59224665A (en) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-17 Fumio Nishikawa Preparation of natural seasoning
JPH02219560A (en) * 1989-02-22 1990-09-03 Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co Ltd Preparation of yeast extract having improved quality of taste

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04346767A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-12-02 Noboru Sakai Seasoning with fish as raw material and improvement of gustation and flavor of fish soy sauce
WO2004017763A1 (en) * 2002-08-23 2004-03-04 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Process for producing asian fish sauce-like seasoning

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