JPH04324868A - Electrostatic image developing toner - Google Patents
Electrostatic image developing tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04324868A JPH04324868A JP3121833A JP12183391A JPH04324868A JP H04324868 A JPH04324868 A JP H04324868A JP 3121833 A JP3121833 A JP 3121833A JP 12183391 A JP12183391 A JP 12183391A JP H04324868 A JPH04324868 A JP H04324868A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- acid
- examples
- pigments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical class OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 n-methylstyrene Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AVWQQPYHYQKEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;3-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O AVWQQPYHYQKEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEHVUTURFVAVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethenyl-1-ethylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C=C UEHVUTURFVAVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical class [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical class OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000983 mordant dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQBLWPLYPNOTJC-FPLPWBNLSA-N (z)-4-(2-ethylhexoxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical class CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O IQBLWPLYPNOTJC-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BJQFWAQRPATHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1Cl BJQFWAQRPATHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRZHXNCATOYMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 ZRZHXNCATOYMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1CN1CCCCC1 OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJNKJKGZKFOLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WJNKJKGZKFOLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCNAQVGAHQVWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-hexylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 LCNAQVGAHQVWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLRQDIVVLOCZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-octylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 HLRQDIVVLOCZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C=C QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-N-[8-[[8-(4-aminoanilino)-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]amino]-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-8-N,10-diphenylphenazin-10-ium-2,8-diamine hydroxy-oxido-dioxochromium Chemical compound O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.Nc1ccc(Nc2ccc3nc4ccc(Nc5ccc6nc7ccc(Nc8ccc9nc%10ccc(Nc%11ccccc%11)cc%10[n+](-c%10ccccc%10)c9c8)cc7[n+](-c7ccccc7)c6c5)cc4[n+](-c4ccccc4)c3c2)cc1 FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HBOUJSBUVUATSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N undec-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HBOUJSBUVUATSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N victoria blue R Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(=[NH+]CC)C=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電子写真、静電記録、
静電印刷などにおける静電荷像を現像するためのトナー
に関する。[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to electrophotography, electrostatic recording,
The present invention relates to toner for developing electrostatic images in electrostatic printing and the like.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】従来、一般に広く用いられているトナー
は、懸濁重合法により得られるスチレン／アクリレート
系共重合体粉末にカーボンブラックのような着色剤、帯
電制御剤及び／または磁性体を適宜ドライブレンドした
後、押出し機等によって溶融混練し、次いで粉砕、分級
することによって製造されてきた。（特開昭５１−２３
３５４号公報参照）。[Prior Art] Conventionally, toners that have been widely used are made by adding a colorant such as carbon black, a charge control agent, and/or a magnetic material to styrene/acrylate copolymer powder obtained by a suspension polymerization method. It has been produced by dry blending, then melt-kneading using an extruder or the like, followed by pulverization and classification. (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-23
(See Publication No. 354).
【０００３】0003
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述の
ような溶融混練粉砕法によって得られるトナーは、トナ
ーの粒径の制御等に限界があり、小粒子のトナーを歩留
りよく製造することが困難であるばかりか、分散が不均
一で帯電量分布がブロードになるなどして、現像剤とし
て使用した場合、解像度が低く、しかも、カブリ、飛散
等が発生するという欠点を避けることができないという
課題があった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the toner obtained by the above-mentioned melt-kneading and pulverization method has limitations in controlling the particle size of the toner, and it is difficult to produce toner with small particles at a high yield. Not only that, but the dispersion is uneven and the charge amount distribution becomes broad, so when used as a developer, there are problems such as low resolution and unavoidable problems such as fogging and scattering. there were.
【０００４】従って、本発明の目的は、解像度に優れ、
カブリ、飛散等が少なく、ライフ特性において帯電性の
安定、クリーニング性、耐環境性を向上させた静電荷像
現像用トナーを提供することにある。[0004] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a system with excellent resolution;
The object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image that has less fogging, scattering, etc., and has improved stability in chargeability, cleaning performance, and environmental resistance in terms of life characteristics.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、解像度が
高く、しかも、カブリ、飛散等が発生しない凝集タイプ
のトナーについて種々検討した結果、重合体粒子のζ電
位を特定の特定のｐＨ値において制限することによって
顔料の分散性、分布性が均一化して帯電量を安定させ、
カブリ、飛散等のない高解像度のトナーが得られること
を知見した。[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of various studies on aggregation type toners that have high resolution and do not cause fogging, scattering, etc., the present inventors have determined that the ζ potential of polymer particles can be adjusted to a specific pH level. By limiting the value, the dispersibility and distribution of the pigment becomes uniform and the amount of charge is stabilized.
It was discovered that high-resolution toner without fogging, scattering, etc. can be obtained.
【０００６】本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたも
ので、「クレーム」を提供するものである。以下、本発
明の静電荷像現像用トナーについて詳述する。本発明の
トナーは、従来公知のものと同様に４０〜９８重量部の
重合体粒子と６０〜２重量部の着色剤粒子との凝集物を
含有するものである。The present invention has been made based on the above knowledge and provides "claims". Hereinafter, the electrostatic image developing toner of the present invention will be described in detail. The toner of the present invention contains aggregates of 40 to 98 parts by weight of polymer particles and 60 to 2 parts by weight of colorant particles, similar to conventional toners.
【０００７】上記重合体粒子は、一般に乳化重合法、懸
濁重合法、沈澱重合法、界面重合法、合成樹脂片の機械
粉砕法、ζ電位等を利用した会合法、コアセルベート法
等によって製造されるが、乳化重合法、懸濁重合法、ζ
電位等を利用した会合法が好ましい。本発明の好ましい
態様として例えば、４０〜９８重量部の重合体粒子と６
０〜２重量部の着色剤粒子との会合体を凝集してなる静
電荷像現像用トナーにおいて、上記重合体粒子は、ｐＨ
５におけるζ電位（ζＰ５ ）が−２〜−６０ｍＶ、ｐ
Ｈ９におけるζ電位（ζＰ９ ）が−２０〜−１００ｍ
Ｖで、且つζＰ５ がζＰ９ より大であり、上記着色
剤のｐＨ５におけるζ電位（ζＣ５ ）が−１００〜１
００ｍＶである静電荷像現像用トナーを挙げることがで
きる。[0007] The above polymer particles are generally produced by an emulsion polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a precipitation polymerization method, an interfacial polymerization method, a mechanical crushing method of synthetic resin pieces, an association method using ζ potential, a coacervate method, etc. However, emulsion polymerization method, suspension polymerization method,
An association method using electric potential or the like is preferable. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example, 40 to 98 parts by weight of polymer particles and 6 parts by weight
In a toner for developing an electrostatic image formed by aggregating aggregates with 0 to 2 parts by weight of colorant particles, the polymer particles have a pH of
The ζ potential (ζP5) at 5 is -2 to -60 mV, p
The ζ potential (ζP9) at H9 is -20 to -100m
V, and ζP5 is larger than ζP9, and the ζ potential (ζC5) of the colorant at pH 5 is -100 to 1.
Examples include toners for developing electrostatic images with a voltage of 00 mV.
【０００８】上記会合体の体積平均粒径は好ましくは０
．６〜２．０μ、個数平均粒径は好ましくは０．６〜１
．５μである。また、会合体を凝集するに際し、離型剤
を混合するのも好ましく、該離型剤は予め体積平均粒径
を０．６〜２．０μに分散した液を混合するのが好まし
い。また着色剤は例えば、カーボンブラックの場合０．
０２〜０．８μに分散した液として混合するのが好まし
い。[0008] The volume average particle diameter of the aggregate is preferably 0.
．． 6 to 2.0μ, number average particle size is preferably 0.6 to 1
．． It is 5μ. Further, when agglomerating the aggregates, it is also preferable to mix a mold release agent, and it is preferable that the mold release agent is mixed with a liquid in which the volume average particle size is previously dispersed to a volume average particle size of 0.6 to 2.0 μm. In addition, the coloring agent is, for example, 0.0% in the case of carbon black.
It is preferable to mix the liquid as a dispersed liquid having a particle size of 0.02 to 0.8 μm.
【０００９】本発明に用いられる重合体粒子は、ζ電位
を利用した会合法によって製造するものである。ここで
ζ電位とは、固相と液相とが相対運動する場合、固相に
密着して動く層の最外面、即ち、滑り面における電位と
溶液内部の電位との差のことであり、本発明では、重合
体粒子の面と液体とが接触したときに発生する界面電気
二重層に起因する電位である。このζ電位は、界面動電
現象を支配する物性値であり、界面における電荷量の目
安となって、電気化学的物性として極めて重要な因子で
ある。The polymer particles used in the present invention are produced by an association method using ζ potential. Here, the ζ potential is the difference between the potential at the outermost surface of the layer that moves in close contact with the solid phase, that is, the sliding surface, and the potential inside the solution when the solid phase and liquid phase move relative to each other. In the present invention, the electric potential is caused by an interfacial electric double layer that is generated when the surface of a polymer particle and a liquid come into contact with each other. This ζ potential is a physical property value that governs electrokinetic phenomena, serves as a measure of the amount of charge at the interface, and is an extremely important factor as an electrochemical property.
【００１０】本発明に用いられる重合体粒子は、ｐＨ５
におけるζ電位（ζＰ５ ）が−６０〜−２ｍＶであり
、−５５〜−５ｍＶが好ましく、、−５０〜−１０ｍＶ
がより好ましく、また、ｐＨ９におけるζ電位（ζＰ９
）が−１００〜−２０ｍＶであり、−９０〜−２５ｍ
Ｖが好ましく、−５０〜−３０ｍＶがより好ましい。し
かもζＰ５ がζＰ９ より大きい熱可塑性樹脂または
熱硬化性樹脂が好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂がより好ましい
。ζＰ５ が−２ｍＶを超え、ζＰ９ が−２０ｍＶを
超えるとトナーの帯電量の安定性、分布等が不安定にな
って、カブリ、飛散等が悪くなる虞があり、また、ζＰ
５ が−６０ｍＶ未満で且つζＰ９ が−１００ｍＶ未
満になると、好ましいトナーを製造することができず、
仮に製造されたとしても解像度、飛散等が悪くなり、ま
た、環境性も悪くなる虞がある。[0010] The polymer particles used in the present invention have a pH of 5
The ζ potential (ζP5) at is -60 to -2 mV, preferably -55 to -5 mV, -50 to -10 mV
is more preferable, and the ζ potential at pH 9 (ζP9
) is -100 to -20 mV, -90 to -25 m
V is preferable, and -50 to -30 mV is more preferable. Moreover, thermoplastic resins or thermosetting resins with ζP5 larger than ζP9 are preferable, and thermoplastic resins are more preferable. If ζP5 exceeds -2 mV and ζP9 exceeds -20 mV, the stability and distribution of the toner charge amount may become unstable, causing problems such as fogging and scattering.
When 5 is less than -60 mV and ζP9 is less than -100 mV, a desirable toner cannot be manufactured;
Even if it were manufactured, there is a risk that the resolution, scattering, etc. would be poor, and the environmental friendliness would also be bad.
【００１１】また、本発明に用いられる着色剤は、ｐＨ
５におけるζ電位（ζＣ５ ）が−１００〜１００ｍＶ
であり、−２〜−９０ｍＶが好ましく、−８〜−８５ｍ
Ｖがより好ましい。ζＣ５ が上記範囲を逸脱すると、
好ましいトナーを製造することができず、仮に製造され
たとしても解像度、飛散等が悪くなり、また、環境性も
悪くなる虞がある。[0011] Furthermore, the colorant used in the present invention has a pH
The ζ potential (ζC5) at 5 is -100 to 100 mV
, preferably -2 to -90 mV, -8 to -85 mV
V is more preferred. When ζC5 deviates from the above range,
A desirable toner cannot be manufactured, and even if it were manufactured, resolution, scattering, etc. would be poor, and there is a risk that the environmental friendliness would be poor.
【００１２】また、上記凝集物は、重合体粒子と着色剤
とが凝集しておればその凝集形態は特に制限されるもの
ではない。このような凝集物の生成には、一般にζ電位
、コアセルベート、界面重合等の会合法、界面を熱融合
させた後に粉砕する方法等を用いることができ、中でも
会合法が好ましく用いられる。また、上記重合体粒子の
平均粒径は、０．０１〜１０μｍが好ましく、０．０１
〜８μｍがより好ましく、０．０１〜５μｍが更に好ま
しく、特に、０．０１〜３μｍが好ましい。また、上記
着色剤の平均粒径は、０．００１〜１０μｍが好ましく
、０．００２〜８μｍがより好ましく、０．００２〜５
μｍが更に好ましく、特に、０．００２〜３μｍが好ま
しい。[0012] Furthermore, the form of aggregation of the above-mentioned aggregate is not particularly limited as long as the polymer particles and the colorant are aggregated. In general, for the production of such aggregates, an association method such as zeta potential, coacervate, interfacial polymerization, etc., a method of pulverizing after thermally fusing the interface, etc. can be used, and among them, an association method is preferably used. Further, the average particle diameter of the polymer particles is preferably 0.01 to 10 μm, and 0.01 μm to 10 μm.
-8 micrometers are more preferable, 0.01-5 micrometers are still more preferable, and especially 0.01-3 micrometers are preferable. Further, the average particle size of the colorant is preferably 0.001 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.002 to 8 μm, and more preferably 0.002 to 5 μm.
It is more preferably μm, particularly preferably 0.002 to 3 μm.
【００１３】また、本発明のトナーは、上記範囲の粒径
を有する着色された粒子と、上記範囲の粒径を有する着
色されていない樹脂の粒子とが凝集して粒径１．０〜２
０μｍの凝集物になったものが好ましい。而して、上記
重合体粒子を形成するのに好ましい重合体としては、例
えば、スチレン類、アルキル（メタ）アクリレート及び
酸性極性基または塩基性極性基を有するコモノマー（以
下「極性基を有するコモノマー」という）の共重合体を
挙げることができる。このような共重合体は、スチレン
類とアルキル（メタ）アクリレートとの合計を１００重
量部とすれば、このうちスチレン類は９５〜２０重量部
が好ましく、９０〜３０重量部がより好ましい。また、
アルキル（メタ）アクリレートは５〜８０重量部が好ま
しく、１０〜７０重量部がより好ましい。また、極性基
を有するコモノマーは、スチレン類とアルキル（メタ）
アクリレートとの合計を１００重量部に対して０．０５
〜３０重量部添加することが好ましく、１〜２０重量部
添加することがより好ましい。また、上記共重合体には
、必要に応じて上記各モノマー以外に本発明のトナーの
特性を損なわない限り、上記各モノマーと共重合するコ
モノマーを適宜添加することができる。Further, the toner of the present invention has a particle size of 1.0 to 2.0, which is obtained by aggregation of colored particles having a particle size within the above range and uncolored resin particles having a particle size within the above range.
It is preferable to use aggregates with a diameter of 0 μm. Preferred polymers for forming the above polymer particles include, for example, styrenes, alkyl (meth)acrylates, and comonomers having acidic polar groups or basic polar groups (hereinafter referred to as "comonomers having polar groups"). Examples include copolymers of In such a copolymer, if the total of styrenes and alkyl (meth)acrylate is 100 parts by weight, the styrenes are preferably 95 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 90 to 30 parts by weight. Also,
The alkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably 5 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 70 parts by weight. In addition, comonomers with polar groups include styrenes and alkyl (meth)
The total amount with acrylate is 0.05 per 100 parts by weight.
It is preferable to add 30 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight. Further, in addition to the above-mentioned monomers, a comonomer copolymerizable with the above-mentioned monomers may be appropriately added to the above-mentioned copolymer as long as the characteristics of the toner of the present invention are not impaired.
【００１４】また、上記スチレン類としては、例えば、
スチレン、ｎ−メチルスチレン、ｍ−メチルスチレン、
ｐ−メチルスチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ｐ−エチル
スチレン、２，４−ジメチルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−ブチル
スチレン、ｐ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−ヘ
キシルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−オクチルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−
ノニルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−デシルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−ド
デシルスチレン、ｐ−メトキシスチレン、ｐ−フェニル
スチレン、ｐ−クロルスチレン、３，４−ジクロルスチ
レン、ｐ−クロルメチルスチレン等を挙げることができ
る。[0014] Further, as the above styrenes, for example,
Styrene, n-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene,
p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, p-n-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, p-n-hexylstyrene, p-n-octylstyrene, p-n-
Examples include nonylstyrene, p-n-decylstyrene, p-n-dodecylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene, etc. can.
【００１５】また、上記アルキル（メタ）アクリレート
としては、例えば、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチ
ル、アクリル酸ｎ−ブチル、アクリル酸イソブチル、ア
クリル酸プロピル、アクリル酸ｎ−オクチル、アクリル
酸ドデシル、アクリル酸ラウリル、アクリル酸２−エチ
ルヘキシル、アクリル酸ステアリル、アクリル酸２−ク
ロルエチル、α−クロルアクリル酸メチル、メタアクリ
ル酸メチル、メタアクリル酸エチル、メタアクリル酸プ
ロピル、メタアクリル酸ｎ−ブチル、メタアクリル酸イ
ソブチル、メタアクリル酸ｎ−オクチル、メタアクリル
酸ドデシル、メタアクリル酸ラウリル、メタアクリル酸
２−エチルヘキシル、メタアクリル酸ステアリル等を挙
げることがきる。中でも、炭素原子数が１〜１２のもの
が好ましく、３〜８のものがより好ましく、特に、炭素
原子数が４の脂肪族アルコールの（メタ）アクリル酸エ
ステルが好ましく用いられる。[0015] Examples of the alkyl (meth)acrylates include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, and acrylic acid. Lauryl, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, methyl α-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Examples include isobutyl, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and stearyl methacrylate. Among these, those having 1 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred, those having 3 to 8 carbon atoms are more preferred, and (meth)acrylic acid esters of aliphatic alcohols having 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferably used.
【００１６】上記酸性極性基を有するコモノマーとして
は、例えば、カルボキシル基を有するα、β−エチレン
性不飽和化合物及びスルホン基を有するα、βエチレン
性不飽和化合物を挙げることができる。上記カルボキシ
ル基を有するα、βエチレン性不飽和化合物としては、
例えば、アクリル酸、メタアクリル酸、フマール酸、マ
レイン酸、イタコン酸、ケイ皮酸、マレイン酸モノブチ
ルエステル、マレイン酸モノオクチルエステル、及びこ
れらのナトリウム、亜鉛等の金属塩類等を挙げることが
できる。Examples of the comonomer having an acidic polar group include α,β-ethylenically unsaturated compounds having a carboxyl group and α,β-ethylenically unsaturated compounds having a sulfonic group. The above α,β ethylenically unsaturated compound having a carboxyl group includes:
Examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, cinnamic acid, maleic acid monobutyl ester, maleic acid monooctyl ester, and metal salts thereof such as sodium and zinc. .
【００１７】上記スルホン基を有するα、βエチレン性
不飽和化合物としては、例えば、スルホン化エチレン、
そのＮａ塩、アリルスルホコハク酸、アリルスルホコハ
ク酸オクチル、及びそのＮａ塩を挙げることができる。
上記塩基性極性基を有するコモノマーとしては、例えば
、アミン基あるいは４級アンモニウム基を有する炭素原
子数１〜１２、好ましくは２〜８、特に、好ましくは炭
素原子数２の（メタ）アクリル酸エステル、また、（メ
タ）アクリル酸アミドあるいは随意Ｎ上で炭素原子数１
〜１８のアルキル基でモノまたはジ−置換された（メタ
）アクリル酸アミド、また、Ｎを環員として有する複素
環基で置換されたビニール化合物及びＮ，Ｎ−ジアリル
−アルキルアミンあるいはその４級アンモニウム塩を挙
げることができる。中でも、アミン基あるいは４級アン
モニウム基を有する脂肪族アルコールの（メタ）アクリ
ル酸エステルが塩基性を有するコモノマーとして好まし
く用いられる。Examples of the α,β ethylenically unsaturated compound having a sulfone group include sulfonated ethylene,
Mention may be made of its Na salt, allylsulfosuccinic acid, octyl allylsulfosuccinate, and its Na salt. The comonomer having a basic polar group is, for example, a (meth)acrylic acid ester having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 carbon atoms, having an amine group or a quaternary ammonium group. , also (meth)acrylic acid amide or optionally N with 1 carbon atom
(meth)acrylic acid amide mono- or di-substituted with ~18 alkyl groups, vinyl compounds substituted with a heterocyclic group having N as a ring member, and N,N-diallyl-alkylamine or its quaternary Mention may be made of ammonium salts. Among these, (meth)acrylic esters of aliphatic alcohols having an amine group or a quaternary ammonium group are preferably used as the basic comonomer.
【００１８】上記アミン基あるいは４級アンモニウム基
を有する脂肪族アルコールの（メタ）アクリル酸エステ
ルとしては、例えば、ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレー
ト、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジエチルア
ミノエチルアクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチルメタク
リレート、これらの４級アンモニウム塩、３−ジメチル
アミノフェニルアクリレート、２−ヒドロキシ−３−メ
タクリルオキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩等を
挙げることができる。Examples of the (meth)acrylic acid ester of aliphatic alcohol having an amine group or a quaternary ammonium group include dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and quaternary esters thereof. Examples include ammonium salt, 3-dimethylaminophenyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethylammonium salt, and the like.
【００１９】上記（メタ）アクリル酸アミドあるいは随
意Ｎ上で炭素原子数１〜１８のアルキル基でモノまたは
ジ−置換された（メタ）アクリル酸アミドとしては、例
えば、アクリルアミド、Ｎ−ブチルアクリルアミド、Ｎ
，Ｎ−ジブチルアクリルアミド、ピペリジルアクリルア
ミド、メタクリルアミド、Ｎ−ブチルメタクリルアミド
、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアクリルアミド、Ｎ−オクタデシル
アクリルアミド等を挙げることができる。Examples of the above (meth)acrylic acid amide or (meth)acrylic acid amide optionally mono- or di-substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms on N include acrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N
, N-dibutylacrylamide, piperidylacrylamide, methacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-octadecyl acrylamide, and the like.
【００２０】上記Ｎを環員として有する複素環基で置換
されたビニール化合物としては、例えば、ビニールピリ
ジン、ビニールピロリドン、ビニールＮ−メチルピリジ
ニウムクロリド、ビニールＮ−エチルピリジニウムクロ
リド、ビニールＮ−エチルピリジニウムクロリド等を挙
げることができる。上記Ｎ，Ｎ−ジアリル−アルキルア
ミンとしては、例えば、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジアリルメチルアンモ
ニウムクロリド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジアリルエチルアンモニウム
クロリド等を挙げることができる。Examples of vinyl compounds substituted with a heterocyclic group having N as a ring member include vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl N-methylpyridinium chloride, vinyl N-ethylpyridinium chloride, and vinyl N-ethylpyridinium chloride. etc. can be mentioned. Examples of the N,N-diallyl-alkylamine include N,N-diallylmethylammonium chloride, N,N-diallylethylammonium chloride, and the like.
【００２１】また、上記極性を有する重合体は、ガラス
転移点が−９０〜１００℃であることが好ましく、−３
０〜８０℃がより好ましく、−１０〜７０℃が更に好ま
しい。ガラス転移点が１００℃を超えると低温定着性が
悪くなる傾向があって好ましくなく、−９０℃未満にな
るとトナーの粉体流動性が低下する傾向にあって好まし
くない。[0021] Further, the above polar polymer preferably has a glass transition point of -90 to 100°C, and -3
The temperature is more preferably 0 to 80°C, and even more preferably -10 to 70°C. If the glass transition point exceeds 100°C, the low-temperature fixing properties tend to deteriorate, which is undesirable. If the glass transition point exceeds -90°C, the powder fluidity of the toner tends to deteriorate, which is not preferable.
【００２２】更に、極性基を有する重合体としては、ポ
リエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等を挙げることができる
。ポリエステル樹脂としては、例えば、エーテル化ビス
フェノールＡあるいはグリコール類などの多価アルコー
ルとテレフタル酸、フマール酸、マレイン酸などの二塩
基酸との共縮合重合体、あるいはトリメリット酸、ピロ
メリット酸などを含めた三次元以上の共重合体を挙げる
ことができ、それらの分子量は２０００〜２０００００
程度が好ましい。また、エポキシ樹脂としては、例えば
、エピクロルヒドリンとビスフェノールＡまたは多価ア
ルコールと反応して得られる樹脂あるいはその変成物を
挙げることができ、その軟化点は９０〜２００℃が好ま
しい。Further, examples of the polymer having a polar group include polyester resins and epoxy resins. Examples of polyester resins include cocondensation polymers of polyhydric alcohols such as etherified bisphenol A or glycols and dibasic acids such as terephthalic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid, or trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid. Three-dimensional or more copolymers including copolymers with a molecular weight of 2,000 to 200,000 can be mentioned.
degree is preferred. Further, examples of the epoxy resin include resins obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A or polyhydric alcohols, or modified products thereof, and the softening point thereof is preferably 90 to 200°C.
【００２３】また、上記重合体の重合度は、特に制限さ
れるものではないが、一般に数平均重合度で２０００〜
４０００００が好ましく、５０００〜２０００００がよ
り好ましく、更に８０００〜１０００００が好ましい。
また、重量平均重合度では、３０００〜８０００００が
好ましく、１００００〜４０００００がより好ましい。Further, the degree of polymerization of the above polymer is not particularly limited, but is generally 2000 to 2000 in terms of number average degree of polymerization.
400,000 is preferable, 5,000 to 200,000 are more preferable, and even more preferably 8,000 to 100,000. Moreover, the weight average degree of polymerization is preferably 3,000 to 800,000, more preferably 10,000 to 400,000.
【００２４】また、上記重合体粒子の粒子としての安定
性を考慮すると、極性基は、酸価が２〜５０、アミン価
が１〜１５であることが好ましい。一方、上記着色剤は
、静電荷像現像剤に添加して静電荷像現像剤として必要
な色彩を付与することができる着色性を有するもので、
マグネタイトのような磁性体やニグロシン染料のような
帯電制御剤のように磁性または帯電制御性のような着色
剤以外の性能を与えるものであればよい。Further, in consideration of the stability of the polymer particles as particles, it is preferable that the polar group has an acid value of 2 to 50 and an amine value of 1 to 15. On the other hand, the colorant has coloring properties that can be added to an electrostatic image developer to impart a color necessary for the electrostatic image developer,
Any material may be used as long as it provides properties other than coloring agents, such as magnetic substances such as magnetite and charge control agents such as nigrosine dyes, such as magnetism or charge control properties.
【００２５】上記着色剤としては、無機顔料、有機顔料
及び有機染料を挙げることができ、無機顔料または有機
顔料が好ましく用いられ、また、一種若しくは二種以上
の顔料及び／または一種若しくは二種以上の染料を組み
合わせて用いることもできる。上記無機顔料としては、
金属粉系顔料、金属酸化物系顔料、カーボン系顔料、硫
化物系顔料、クロム酸塩系顔料、フェロシアン化塩系顔
料を挙げることができる。[0025] Examples of the coloring agent include inorganic pigments, organic pigments and organic dyes, preferably inorganic pigments or organic pigments, and one or more pigments and/or one or more pigments. It is also possible to use a combination of dyes. The above inorganic pigments include:
Examples include metal powder pigments, metal oxide pigments, carbon pigments, sulfide pigments, chromate pigments, and ferrocyanide salt pigments.
【００２６】上記金属粉系顔料としては、例えば、亜鉛
粉、鉄粉、銅粉等を挙げることができる。上記金属酸化
物系顔料としては、例えば、マグネタイト、フェライト
、ベンガラ、酸化チタン、亜鉛華、シリカ、酸化クロム
、ウルトラマリーン、コバルトブルー、セルリアンブル
ー、ミラネルバイオレット、四酸化三鉛等を挙げること
ができる。[0026] Examples of the metal powder pigment include zinc powder, iron powder, copper powder, and the like. Examples of the metal oxide pigments include magnetite, ferrite, red iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc white, silica, chromium oxide, ultramarine, cobalt blue, cerulean blue, milanel violet, trilead tetroxide, and the like. can.
【００２７】上記カーボン系顔料としては、例えば、カ
ーボンブラック、サーマトミックカーボン、ファーネス
ブラック等を挙げることができる。上記硫化物系顔料と
しては、例えば、硫化亜鉛、カドミウムレッド、セレン
レッド、硫化水銀、カドミウムイエロー等を挙げること
ができる。上記クロム酸塩系顔料としては、例えば、モ
リブデンレッド、バリウムイエロー、ストロンチウムイ
エロー、クロムイエロー等を挙げることができる。フェ
ロシアン化化合物系顔料としては、例えば、ミロリブル
ー等を挙げることができる。[0027] Examples of the carbon pigment include carbon black, thermatomic carbon, furnace black, and the like. Examples of the sulfide pigments include zinc sulfide, cadmium red, selenium red, mercury sulfide, and cadmium yellow. Examples of the chromate pigments include molybdenum red, barium yellow, strontium yellow, and chrome yellow. Examples of the ferrocyanide compound pigment include Miloli Blue.
【００２８】また、上記有機顔料としては、アゾ系顔料
、酸性染料系顔料及び塩基性染料系顔料、媒染染料系顔
料、フタロシアニン系顔料、並びにキナクドリン系顔料
及びジオキサン系顔料等を挙げることができる。上記ア
ゾ系顔料としては、例えば、ベンジジンイエロー、ベン
ジジンオレンジ、パーマネントレッド４Ｒ、ピラゾロン
レッド、リソールレッド、ブリリアントスカーレットＧ
、ボンマルーンライト等を挙げることができる。Examples of the organic pigments include azo pigments, acid dye pigments, basic dye pigments, mordant dye pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridin pigments, and dioxane pigments. Examples of the azo pigments include benzidine yellow, benzidine orange, permanent red 4R, pyrazolone red, lithore red, and brilliant scarlet G.
, Bon Maroon Light, etc.
【００２９】上記酸性染料系顔料及び塩基性染料系顔料
としては、例えば、オレンジＩＩ、アシットオレンジＲ
、エオキシン、キノリンイエロー、タートラジンイエロ
ー、アシッドグリーン、ピーコックブルー、アルカリブ
ルー等の染料を沈澱剤で沈澱させたもの、あるいはロー
ダミン、マゼンタ、マカライトグリーン、メチルバイオ
レット、ビクトリアブルー等の染料をタンニン酸、吐酒
石、ＰＴＡ、ＰＭＡ、ＰＴＭＡなどで沈澱させたもの等
を挙げることができる。Examples of the above acidic dye pigments and basic dye pigments include Orange II, Acit Orange R,
, eoxin, quinoline yellow, tartrazine yellow, acid green, peacock blue, alkali blue, etc. are precipitated with a precipitant, or rhodamine, magenta, macarite green, methyl violet, Victoria blue, etc. are precipitated with tannic acid, etc. Examples include those precipitated with tartarite, PTA, PMA, PTMA, and the like.
【００３０】上記媒染染料系顔料としては、例えば、ヒ
ドロキシアントラキノン類の金属塩類、アリザリンマー
ダーレーキ等を挙げることができる。上記フタロシアニ
ン系顔料としては、例えば、フタロシアニンブルー、ス
ルホン化銅フタロシアニン等を挙げることができる。上
記キナクドリン系顔料及びジオキサン系顔料としては、
例えば、キナクドリンレッド、キナクドリンバイオレッ
ト、カルバゾールジオキサンバイオレット等を挙げるこ
とができる。Examples of the mordant dye pigments include metal salts of hydroxyanthraquinones, alizarin marder lake, and the like. Examples of the phthalocyanine pigments include phthalocyanine blue, sulfonated copper phthalocyanine, and the like. The above-mentioned quinacudrine pigments and dioxane pigments include:
Examples include quinacudrin red, quinacudrin violet, carbazole dioxane violet, and the like.
【００３１】また、その他の上記有機顔料としては、例
えば、有機蛍光顔料、アニリンブラック、ニグロシン染
料、アニリン染料等がある。また、本発明のトナーは、
必要に応じて帯電制御剤、磁性体、流動化剤、離型剤を
配合することができる。上記帯電制御剤としては、プラ
ス用としてニグロシン系の電子供与性染料、その他、ナ
フテン酸または高級脂肪酸の金属塩、アルコキシル化ア
ミン、４級アンモニウム塩、アルキルアミド、キレート
、顔料、フッ素処理活性剤等を挙げることができ、また
、マイナス用として電子受容性の有機錯体、その他、塩
素化パラフィン、塩素化ポリエステル、酸基過剰のポリ
エステル、銅フタロシアニンのスルホニルアミン等を挙
げることができる。Examples of other organic pigments include organic fluorescent pigments, aniline black, nigrosine dyes, and aniline dyes. Further, the toner of the present invention includes:
A charge control agent, a magnetic substance, a fluidizing agent, and a mold release agent can be added as necessary. The above-mentioned charge control agents include nigrosine-based electron-donating dyes for positive use, metal salts of naphthenic acid or higher fatty acids, alkoxylated amines, quaternary ammonium salts, alkylamides, chelates, pigments, fluorine treatment activators, etc. In addition, for negative use, electron-accepting organic complexes, chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated polyesters, polyesters with excess acid groups, sulfonylamines of copper phthalocyanine, etc. can be mentioned.
【００３２】また、上記流動化剤としては、疎水性シリ
カ、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム等の微粉末を挙げる
ことができる。このような流動化剤は、トナー１００重
量部に対して０．０１〜５重量部添加することが好まし
く、０．１〜１重量部がより好ましい。また、上記離型
剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸のＣｄ、Ｂａ、Ｎｉ
、Ｃｏ、Ｓｔ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ塩、オレイン酸のＺｎ
、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｍｇ塩、パルミチン
酸のＺｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｉ、Ｃａ塩、リノール
酸のＺｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｃａ塩、リシノール酸のＺｎ、Ｃｄ塩
、カプリル酸のＰｂ塩、カプロン酸のＰｂ塩等の高級脂
肪酸の金属塩や天然及び合成のパラフィン類及び脂肪酸
エステル類またはその部分鹸化物類、アルキレンビス脂
肪酸アミド類等があり、これらの化合物の一種または二
種以上を適宜組み合わせたものが用いられる。[0032] Examples of the fluidizing agent include fine powders of hydrophobic silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, and the like. Such a fluidizing agent is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by weight, per 100 parts by weight of toner. In addition, as the above-mentioned mold release agent, for example, Cd, Ba, Ni of stearic acid, etc.
, Co, St, Cu, Mg, Ca salt, Zn of oleic acid
, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Pb, Mg salt, Zn, Co, Cu, Mg, Si, Ca salt of palmitic acid, Zn, Co, Ca salt of linoleic acid, Zn, Cd salt of ricinoleic acid, caprylic acid These include metal salts of higher fatty acids such as Pb salts of caproic acid and Pb salts of caproic acid, natural and synthetic paraffins and fatty acid esters or their partially saponified products, alkylene bis fatty acid amides, etc. Appropriate combinations of more than one species are used.
【００３３】[0033]
【実施例】以下、本発明のトナーについて具体的に説明
するが、本発明は下記実施例に何等制限されるものでな
いことはいうまでもない。本実施例では、まず下記（Ａ
１）〜（Ａ８）に示す要領で重合体粒子を作製し、また
、下記（Ｂ１）〜（Ｂ４）に示す要領で着色剤を作製し
た。EXAMPLES The toner of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the following examples in any way. In this example, first, the following (A
Polymer particles were produced as shown in 1) to (A8), and colorants were produced as shown in (B1) to (B4) below.
【００３４】（Ａ１）の重合体粒子の作製方法ノニオン
界面活性剤（エマルゲン９５０）０．５重量部、アルカ
ン界面活性剤ネオゲンＲ）１．０重量部及び過硫酸アン
モニウム０．５重量部を溶解した水溶液に、スチレンモ
ノマー（Ｓｔ）７５重量部、アクリル酸ブチルモノマー
（ＢＡ）２０重量部、アクリル酸（ＡＡ）を加えた後、
これらを８０℃で８時間攪拌して乳化重合させてエマル
ジョンの重合体粒子を得た。この重合体粒子は、平均粒
径が０．１μｍで、ζＰ５が−２０ｍＶ、ζＰ９が−８
２ｍＶであった。Method for producing polymer particles (A1) 0.5 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant (Emulgen 950), 1.0 parts by weight of an alkane surfactant Neogen R), and 0.5 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate were dissolved. After adding 75 parts by weight of styrene monomer (St), 20 parts by weight of butyl acrylate monomer (BA), and acrylic acid (AA) to the aqueous solution,
These were stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours to carry out emulsion polymerization to obtain emulsion polymer particles. This polymer particle has an average particle diameter of 0.1 μm, a ζP5 of −20 mV, and a ζP9 of −8
It was 2mV.
【００３５】（Ａ２）〜（Ａ５）の重合体粒子の作製方
法
下記表１に示す各モノマーを（Ａ１）と同様に乳化重合
させてエマルジョンの重合体粒子を得、この重合体粒子
の物性を表１にそれぞれ示した。
（Ａ６）の重合体粒子の作製方法
ビスフェノールＡに２モルのエチレンオキサイドが付加
したアルコール４７モルとフマール酸５３モルの縮合ポ
リエステル（Ｍｗ ＝６０００、酸価＝３５）を約２０
μｍに粉砕し、これ１００重量部を、ノニオン界面活性
剤（エマルゲン９５０）２．０重量部、アルカン界面活
性剤ネオゲンＲ）０．５重量部を溶解した水溶液２００
重量部に分散させ、アンモニアを用いてｐＨ１２に調整
した後、この分散溶液をオートクレーブを用いて１５０
℃で２時間乳化重合させてエマルジョンの重合体粒子を
得た。この重合体粒子は、平均粒径が０．２５μｍで、
ζＰ５ が−３１ｍＶ、ζＰ９ が−８８ｍＶであった
。尚、エマルジョンのｐＨは９．５であった。Method for producing polymer particles (A2) to (A5) Each monomer shown in Table 1 below was subjected to emulsion polymerization in the same manner as in (A1) to obtain emulsion polymer particles, and the physical properties of the polymer particles were determined. Each is shown in Table 1. Method for producing polymer particles (A6) A condensed polyester (Mw = 6000, acid value = 35) of 47 moles of alcohol, in which 2 moles of ethylene oxide is added to bisphenol A, and 53 moles of fumaric acid (Mw = 6000, acid value = 35), is
200 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing 2.0 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant (Emulgen 950) and 0.5 parts by weight of an alkane surfactant Neogen R).
After adjusting the pH to 12 using ammonia, the dispersion solution was heated to 150% by weight using an autoclave.
Emulsion polymerization was carried out at ℃ for 2 hours to obtain emulsion polymer particles. This polymer particle has an average particle size of 0.25 μm,
ζP5 was -31 mV, and ζP9 was -88 mV. Note that the pH of the emulsion was 9.5.
【００３６】（Ａ７）の重合体粒子の作製方法（Ａ１）
で得られたエマルジョン２００重量部に水２００重量部
を加え、ディスパーを用いて２０℃で攪拌しながら硝酸
によってｐＨを２．５に調整した。更に、この溶液を４
時間攪拌して熟成させたところ、平均粒径０．８μｍの
重合体粒子が懸濁した溶液が得られた。この重合体粒子
は、ζＰ５ が−３５ｍＶ、ζＰ９ が−５２ｍＶであ
った。Method for producing polymer particles (A7) (A1)
200 parts by weight of water was added to 200 parts by weight of the emulsion obtained above, and the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with nitric acid while stirring at 20°C using a disper. Furthermore, add this solution to 4
When the mixture was stirred and aged for a period of time, a solution in which polymer particles with an average particle size of 0.8 μm were suspended was obtained. The polymer particles had a ζP5 of -35 mV and a ζP9 of -52 mV.
【００３７】（Ａ８）の重合体粒子の作製方法アニオン
界面活性剤（ネオゲンＲ）０．１重量部、ノニオン界面
活性剤（エマルゲン９５０）０．５重量部、ポリプロピ
レンワックス（三井化学工業（株）：５５０Ｐ）５重量
部を水１００重量部に加えてディスパーでこれらを分散
させ、８更に、アンモニアを用いてｐＨ１２に調整し、
この調整液をホモジナイザー（ゴーリン社製：１５−Ｍ
−８ＰＡ型）を用いて、１８０℃、１００ｋｇ／ｃｍ２
の条件で分散液を乳化させた。このとき、アンモニア
を逐次添加して分散液をｐＨ１１に維持した。得られた
エマルジョンの重合体粒子は、平均粒径が１．２μｍで
、ζＰ５ が−１０ｍＶ、ζＰ９ が−３３ｍＶであっ
た。Method for producing polymer particles (A8) 0.1 part by weight of anionic surfactant (Neogen R), 0.5 part by weight of nonionic surfactant (Emulgen 950), polypropylene wax (Mitsui Chemicals, Ltd.) :550P) was added to 100 parts by weight of water and dispersed using a disper. 8Furthermore, the pH was adjusted to 12 using ammonia,
This adjusted solution was added using a homogenizer (Gorlin: 15-M).
-8PA type) at 180℃, 100kg/cm2
The dispersion was emulsified under the following conditions. At this time, ammonia was added sequentially to maintain the dispersion at pH 11. The polymer particles of the obtained emulsion had an average particle diameter of 1.2 μm, a ζP5 of -10 mV, and a ζP9 of -33 mV.
【００３８】（Ｂ１）の着色剤の作製方法アニオン界面
活性剤（ネオゲンＲ）１．０重量部を水５０重量部に溶
解した水溶液に、カーボンブラック（リーガル３３０Ｒ
）５重量部を加えた後、これらをディスパーを用いて室
温で攪拌してカーボンブラックを分散させた。この分散
溶液のカーボン粒子は、平均粒径が０．０５μｍで、ζ
Ｃ５ が−２７ｍＶであった。Method for producing colorant (B1) Add carbon black (Regal 330R) to an aqueous solution of 1.0 parts by weight of anionic surfactant (Neogen R) dissolved in 50 parts by weight of water.
) After adding 5 parts by weight, these were stirred at room temperature using a disper to disperse carbon black. The carbon particles in this dispersion solution have an average particle size of 0.05 μm and ζ
C5 was -27mV.
【００３９】（Ｂ２）の着色剤の作製方法アニオン界面
活性剤（デモールＬ）０．４重量部を水５０重量部に溶
解した水溶液に、カーボンブラック（リーガルＬ）８重
量部を加えた後、（Ｂ１）と同様に、これらをディスパ
ーを用いて室温で攪拌してカーボンブラックを分散させ
た。この分散溶液のカーボン粒子は、平均粒径が０．０
４μｍで、ζＣ５ が−３８ｍＶであった。Method for producing colorant (B2) After adding 8 parts by weight of carbon black (Regal L) to an aqueous solution in which 0.4 parts by weight of an anionic surfactant (Demol L) was dissolved in 50 parts by weight of water, Similarly to (B1), these were stirred at room temperature using a disper to disperse carbon black. The carbon particles in this dispersion solution have an average particle size of 0.0
At 4 μm, ζC5 was −38 mV.
【００４０】（Ｂ３）の着色剤の作製方法ノニオン界面
活性剤（エマルゲン９５０）５重量部を水１００重量部
に溶解した水溶液に、マグネタイト（ＢＬ２２０）４０
重量部を加えた後、（Ｂ１）と同様に、これらをディス
パーを用いて室温で攪拌してカーボンブラックを分散さ
せた。この分散溶液のマグネタイト粒子は、平均粒径が
０．３μｍで、ζＣ５ が−２６ｍＶであった。Method for producing colorant (B3) Add 40 parts of magnetite (BL220) to an aqueous solution of 5 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant (Emulgen 950) dissolved in 100 parts by weight of water.
After adding parts by weight, these were stirred at room temperature using a disper in the same manner as in (B1) to disperse carbon black. The magnetite particles in this dispersion solution had an average particle diameter of 0.3 μm and a ζC5 of −26 mV.
【００４１】（Ｂ４）の着色剤の作製方法ノニオン界面
活性剤（エマルゲン９５０）０．３重量部及びアニオン
界面活性剤（ネオゲンＲ）０．１重量部を水８８重量部
に溶解した水溶液に、帯電制御剤（ボントロンＳ３４）
２重量部を加えた後、（Ｂ１）と同様に、これらをディ
スパーを用いて室温で攪拌して帯電制御剤を分散させた
。この分散溶液の帯電制御剤の平均粒径は、平均粒径が
０．４μｍで、ζＣ５ が−３１ｍＶであった。Method for producing colorant (B4) In an aqueous solution in which 0.3 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant (Emulgen 950) and 0.1 parts by weight of an anionic surfactant (Neogen R) are dissolved in 88 parts by weight of water, Charge control agent (Bontron S34)
After adding 2 parts by weight, these were stirred at room temperature using a disper to disperse the charge control agent in the same manner as in (B1). The average particle size of the charge control agent in this dispersion solution was 0.4 μm, and ζC5 was −31 mV.
【００４２】以上のようにして作製された重合体粒子及
び着色剤を用いて本発明品１〜８を作製した。
本発明品１の作製及びその評価
（Ａ１）で得られた重合体粒子の分散溶液２００重量部
、（Ｂ１）で得られた着色剤の分散溶液５６重量部及び
水２５０重量部をディスパーを用いて攪拌しながらｐＨ
を４．０とし、更に２時間攪拌してコールターカウンタ
ーで測定して体積平均粒径１．０μ、個数平均粒径０．
７μの会合粒子が得られた。次いで６０℃まで加熱し、
これをアンモニアによってｐＨ７．０に調整した。
更に、この分散溶液を９０℃まで加熱し、２時間この温
度を保ったところ、体積平均粒径７．０μ、個数平均粒
径５．８μの凝集物が得られた。この凝集物を冷却、分
離、水洗した後、乾燥させて得られた粒子に疎水性シリ
カ（アエロジルＲ９７２）０．２％をヘンシェルミキサ
ーを用いて添加し、表２に示す試験用トナー（本発明品
１）を得た。然る後、本発明品１を市販のフェライトキ
ャリア（ＦＬ１５０）と５％のトナー溶液になるように
ボールミルで１時間混合し、試験用現像剤１を得た。Products 1 to 8 of the present invention were produced using the polymer particles and colorant produced as described above. Using a disper, 200 parts by weight of the polymer particle dispersion solution obtained in Production and Evaluation of Inventive Product 1 (A1), 56 parts by weight of the colorant dispersion solution obtained in (B1), and 250 parts by weight of water were added. pH while stirring.
4.0, stirred for another 2 hours, and measured with a Coulter counter to find that the volume average particle diameter was 1.0μ, and the number average particle diameter was 0.0μ.
Associative particles of 7μ were obtained. Then heated to 60℃,
This was adjusted to pH 7.0 with ammonia. Furthermore, when this dispersion solution was heated to 90° C. and maintained at this temperature for 2 hours, aggregates with a volume average particle size of 7.0 μm and a number average particle size of 5.8 μm were obtained. The aggregates were cooled, separated, washed with water, and then dried. 0.2% of hydrophobic silica (Aerosil R972) was added to the resulting particles using a Henschel mixer. Product 1) was obtained. Thereafter, product 1 of the present invention was mixed with a commercially available ferrite carrier (FL150) in a ball mill for 1 hour to form a 5% toner solution, to obtain test developer 1.
【００４３】上記試験用現像剤１の帯電量は、−２０μ
Ｃ／ｇであり、これを市販の複写機（三田ＤＣ２０８５
）を用いて現像試験をしたところ、カブリ、飛散が少な
く、解像度に優れた画像が得られた。また、ランニング
安定性にも優れていることが判った。これらの結果を表
３に纒めて示した。
本発明品２〜８の作製及びそれぞれの評価本発明品２〜
８は、それぞれ表２に示す重合体粒子と着色剤を組み合
わせて本発明品１の作製方法に準じて作製した。然る後
、本発明品２〜８をそれぞれ用いて試験用現像液２〜８
を作製し、本発明品１と同様に複写機を用いて現像試験
を行ない、それぞれの結果及び評価を表３に示した。The amount of charge of the test developer 1 was -20μ
C/g, and this is used with a commercially available copying machine (Mita DC2085
), an image with excellent resolution was obtained with little fogging and scattering. It was also found that the running stability was excellent. These results are summarized in Table 3. Preparation of Invention Products 2 to 8 and Evaluation of Invention Products 2 to 8
Sample No. 8 was produced according to the production method of Invention Product 1 by combining the polymer particles and colorants shown in Table 2, respectively. After that, test developers 2 to 8 were prepared using inventive products 2 to 8, respectively.
was prepared and subjected to a development test using a copying machine in the same manner as Inventive Product 1, and the results and evaluations are shown in Table 3.
【００４４】下記表３に示す結果によれば、本発明品１
〜８は、いずれも複写機の種類を問わず、解像度に優れ
、カブリ、飛散等が少なく、ライフ特性において帯電性
の安定していることが判る。Ｚ電位の測定は、ＰＥＮ
ＫＥＭ社製ゼータ電位測定装置Ｍｏｄｅｌ ５０１
を用いて行った。According to the results shown in Table 3 below, inventive product 1
It can be seen that Samples Nos. 8 to 8 have excellent resolution, little fogging, scattering, etc., and stable charging properties in terms of life characteristics, regardless of the type of copying machine. Measurement of Z potential is performed using PEN
KEM zeta potential measuring device Model 501
This was done using
【００４５】コロイド溶液は、目視による移動度の測定
に適するようにして、１０００倍から１００００倍に希
釈した。ｐＨ調整には、ＨＣｌ、ＮａＯＨを用い、電導
度をそろえるためにＫＣｌを用いた。印加電圧は、１〜
２０００Ｖで行った。The colloidal solutions were diluted 1,000 to 10,000 times to make them suitable for visual mobility measurements. HCl and NaOH were used to adjust the pH, and KCl was used to equalize the conductivity. The applied voltage is 1~
It was performed at 2000V.
【００４６】[0046]
【表１】[Table 1]
【００４７】[0047]
【表２】[Table 2]
【００４８】[0048]
【表３】[Table 3]
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーは、解像
度に優れ、カブリ、飛散等が少なく、ライフ特性におい
て帯電性の安定、クリーニング性、耐環境性を向上させ
たものである。Effects of the Invention The toner for developing electrostatic images of the present invention has excellent resolution, less fogging, less scattering, etc., and improved stability in chargeability, cleaning performance, and environmental resistance in terms of life characteristics.
Claims (1)
〜２重量部の着色剤粒子との凝集物を含有する静電荷像
現像用トナーにおいて、上記重合体粒子は、ｐＨ５にお
けるζ電位（ζＰ５ ）が−２〜−６０ｍＶ、ｐＨ９に
おけるζ電位（ζＰ９ ）が−２０〜−１００ｍＶで、
且つζＰ５ がζＰ９ より大であり、上記着色剤粒子
のｐＨ５におけるζ電位（ζＣ５ ）が−１００〜１０
０ｍＶであることを特徴とする静電荷像現像用トナー。Claim 1: 40 to 98 parts by weight of polymer particles and 60 parts by weight
In the electrostatic image developing toner containing aggregates with ~2 parts by weight of colorant particles, the polymer particles have a ζ potential (ζP5) of -2 to -60 mV at pH 5, and a ζ potential (ζP9) at pH 9 of -2 to -60 mV. is -20 to -100mV,
and ζP5 is larger than ζP9, and the ζ potential (ζC5) of the colorant particles at pH 5 is -100 to 10
A toner for developing an electrostatic image, characterized in that the voltage is 0 mV.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3121833A JP2974169B2 (en) | 1991-04-25 | 1991-04-25 | Toner for developing electrostatic images |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3121833A JP2974169B2 (en) | 1991-04-25 | 1991-04-25 | Toner for developing electrostatic images |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04324868A true JPH04324868A (en) | 1992-11-13 |
| JP2974169B2 JP2974169B2 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
Family
ID=14821062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3121833A Expired - Lifetime JP2974169B2 (en) | 1991-04-25 | 1991-04-25 | Toner for developing electrostatic images |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2974169B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6416918B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2002-07-09 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Toner for developing electrostatic image, process for producing the same, fine resin particle dispersion, releasing agent dispersion, developer for developing electrostatic image, and process for forming image |
| WO2005026844A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-24 | Zeon Corporation | Electrostatic charge image developing toner |
| JP2008275813A (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Canon Inc | Toner and image forming method |
-
1991
- 1991-04-25 JP JP3121833A patent/JP2974169B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6416918B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2002-07-09 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Toner for developing electrostatic image, process for producing the same, fine resin particle dispersion, releasing agent dispersion, developer for developing electrostatic image, and process for forming image |
| WO2005026844A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-24 | Zeon Corporation | Electrostatic charge image developing toner |
| JP2008275813A (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Canon Inc | Toner and image forming method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2974169B2 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
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