JPH04321897A - Vacuum insulation support method, vacuum insulation vessel using the same and vacuum insulation - Google Patents
Vacuum insulation support method, vacuum insulation vessel using the same and vacuum insulationInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04321897A JPH04321897A JP3114121A JP11412191A JPH04321897A JP H04321897 A JPH04321897 A JP H04321897A JP 3114121 A JP3114121 A JP 3114121A JP 11412191 A JP11412191 A JP 11412191A JP H04321897 A JPH04321897 A JP H04321897A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- space
- wall plate
- vacuum insulation
- vacuum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 65
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Packages (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、低温用の各種装置や
低温容器、例えばクライオスタットなどにおいて、真空
断熱と構造部材としての支持を同時に行なう方法、およ
びその方法を実施した真空断熱容器および真空断熱パネ
ルに関するものである。[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for simultaneously performing vacuum insulation and support as a structural member in various low-temperature devices and low-temperature containers, such as cryostat, and a vacuum-insulated container and vacuum-insulated device implementing the method. It concerns the panel.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】近年の低温科学の発展には著しいものが
あり、また低温を利用した超電導技術も実用化が進めら
れている。ところで低温機器においては、冷媒のロスを
防止するとともに、必要な部分を確実に低温に保持する
ために、断熱、特に真空断熱を行なう必要があるのが通
常である。例えば各種材料や各種機器を液体ヘリウム等
の冷媒とともに収容して、低温での測定や実験を行なう
ための容器、すなわちクライオスタットにおいては、内
外２重壁構造として、壁部内の空間を真空として断熱す
るのが通常である。このようなクライオスタットの一例
を図７に示す。[Background Art] There has been remarkable progress in low temperature science in recent years, and superconducting technology that utilizes low temperatures is also being put into practical use. By the way, in low-temperature equipment, in order to prevent loss of refrigerant and to reliably maintain necessary parts at a low temperature, it is usually necessary to perform heat insulation, particularly vacuum heat insulation. For example, a cryostat, which is a container used to store various materials and equipment together with a refrigerant such as liquid helium for measurements and experiments at low temperatures, has a double wall structure inside and outside, and the space inside the wall is insulated by creating a vacuum. is normal. An example of such a cryostat is shown in FIG.
【０００３】図７において、クライオスタットの容器本
体１は全体として円筒状をなす周壁部２とフラットな平
面状をなす底部３とを一体化した構成とされており、周
壁部２および底部３はいずれも中間に空間を形成した内
外２重壁構造とされている。すなわち周壁部２は小径の
円筒状内壁板２Ａと大径の円筒状外壁板２Ｂとによって
構成されており、底部３は平板状の内壁板３Ａと同じく
平板状の外壁板３Ｂとによって構成されている。そして
各内壁板２Ａ，３Ａと各外壁板２Ｂ，３Ｂとの間の空間
５１，５２はいずれも真空断熱層とされている。そして
容器本体１の内部に液体窒素等の冷媒６が注入される。
なお図７では蓋については示していないが、もちろん蓋
も何らかの手段で断熱構造とするのが通常である。[0003] In FIG. 7, a cryostat container body 1 has a structure in which a peripheral wall portion 2 having an overall cylindrical shape and a bottom portion 3 having a flat planar shape are integrated. It also has a double wall structure, inside and outside, with a space in the middle. That is, the peripheral wall portion 2 is composed of a small-diameter cylindrical inner wall plate 2A and a large-diameter cylindrical outer wall plate 2B, and the bottom portion 3 is composed of a flat inner wall plate 3A and a flat outer wall plate 3B. There is. The spaces 51 and 52 between the inner wall plates 2A and 3A and the outer wall plates 2B and 3B are both vacuum insulation layers. A refrigerant 6 such as liquid nitrogen is then injected into the container body 1 . Note that although the lid is not shown in FIG. 7, it is normal that the lid also has a heat insulating structure by some means.
【０００４】0004
【発明が解決しようとする課題】クライオスタットの重
要な用途の一つとして、超電導マグネットを冷却保持す
る用途がある。このような場合、一般に図７に仮想線で
示したように超電導マグネット７を容器本体１内の底部
３上に配置して液体窒素等の冷媒６で冷却し、外部（ク
ライオスタットの下側）の対象物８に対して超電導マグ
ネット７の磁力を及ぼすように用いるのが通常である。
この場合、超電導マグネット７と対象物８とは、クライ
オスタットの底部３の全厚みＴ分だけ離れることになる
。磁力は距離の２乗に反比例するから、超電導マグネッ
ト７が発生する磁力を有効に対象物８に作用させるため
には、底部３の全厚みＴを可及的に小さくする必要があ
る。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] One of the important uses of cryostat is to cool and maintain superconducting magnets. In such cases, generally the superconducting magnet 7 is placed on the bottom 3 inside the container body 1 and cooled with a refrigerant 6 such as liquid nitrogen, as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. Usually, the superconducting magnet 7 is used to exert magnetic force on the object 8 . In this case, the superconducting magnet 7 and the object 8 are separated by the total thickness T of the bottom 3 of the cryostat. Since the magnetic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, in order for the magnetic force generated by the superconducting magnet 7 to effectively act on the object 8, it is necessary to make the total thickness T of the bottom part 3 as small as possible.
【０００５】一方内壁板２Ａ，３Ａと外壁板２Ｂ，３Ｂ
との間の空間５１，５２の真空断熱層は真空であって外
部に対して負圧となっているから、内壁板３Ａ、外壁板
３Ｂには外部との差圧に相当する大気圧分の荷重がその
厚さ方向に加わることになる。On the other hand, the inner wall plates 2A, 3A and the outer wall plates 2B, 3B
Since the vacuum insulation layer in the spaces 51 and 52 between them is a vacuum and has a negative pressure with respect to the outside, the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B have an atmospheric pressure equivalent to the differential pressure with the outside. A load will be applied in the thickness direction.
【０００６】ところが、図７に示すクライオスタットで
は、底部３の内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂがフラットな平面
状になっているため、その平面に対し直交する方向（厚
み方向）に加わる荷重に対しては撓み変形を起こしやす
く、そのため前述のような負圧による荷重に対して変形
を防止するためには、同じ材料であれば内壁板３Ａ、外
壁板３Ｂの厚みｔを大きくして剛性を高めざるを得ない
。特に最近では内径が大きい大型のクライオスタットが
要求されることが多くなっているが、内径が大きくなれ
ば同じ荷重が加わっても底部３の内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３
Ｂが、より変形しやすくなるから、大径のクライオスタ
ットでは底部内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂの厚みを著しく厚
くする必要があり、例えば各板としてステンレス鋼板を
用いた場合、内径が１０００ｍｍのクライオスタットの
場合、内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂの厚みは５０ｍｍ以上と
する必要があった。However, in the cryostat shown in FIG. 7, since the inner wall plate 3A and outer wall plate 3B of the bottom portion 3 are flat planar, the load applied in the direction perpendicular to the plane (thickness direction) is susceptible to bending deformation, so in order to prevent deformation under the load due to negative pressure as described above, if the materials are the same, the thickness t of the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B must be increased to increase the rigidity. I don't get it. Particularly recently, large cryostats with large inner diameters are often required.
B becomes more easily deformed, so in a cryostat with a large diameter, it is necessary to significantly increase the thickness of the bottom inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B. For example, if stainless steel plates are used as each plate, the In this case, the thickness of the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B had to be 50 mm or more.
【０００７】このように超電導マグネットを冷却保持し
て、外部にその超電導マグネットの磁力を及ぼそうとす
る場合、クライオスタット底部３の全厚みＴを小さくす
ることが必要であるが、真空断熱層の負圧によって底部
３の内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂに加わる荷重による撓み変
形を防止するためには、前述のように底部３の内壁板３
Ａ、外壁板３Ｂの厚みｔをある程度以上厚くせざるを得
ず、その結果底部３の全厚みＴを小さくするにも限界が
あったのが実情である。In order to keep the superconducting magnet cool and to apply its magnetic force to the outside, it is necessary to reduce the total thickness T of the bottom part 3 of the cryostat. In order to prevent bending deformation due to the load applied to the inner wall plate 3A and outer wall plate 3B of the bottom part 3 due to pressure, the inner wall plate 3A of the bottom part 3 must be
A. The actual situation is that the thickness t of the outer wall board 3B has to be increased to a certain extent or more, and as a result, there is a limit to reducing the total thickness T of the bottom part 3.
【０００８】特に大型のクライオスタットの場合や磁気
測定に用いられるクライオスタットの場合、大型化によ
る重量増を防止して軽量化を図ったり、また金属から発
する磁気的雑音を防止したり、壁板における渦電流の影
響を防止するため、壁板の材料としてＦＲＰを用いる傾
向が強まっているが、ＦＲＰは一般にステンレス鋼と比
較して格段に撓み変形が生じやすく、そのためＦＲＰを
用いた場合には底部３の内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂの厚み
ｔを一層厚くせざるを得ず、その結果底部３の全厚みＴ
もさらに大きくならざるを得ないのが実情である。Particularly in the case of large cryostat or cryostat used for magnetic measurement, it is necessary to reduce the weight by preventing the increase in weight due to the increase in size, to prevent magnetic noise emitted from metal, and to prevent vortices in wall plates. In order to prevent the effects of electric current, there is a growing trend to use FRP as a material for wallboards, but FRP is generally much more prone to bending and deformation than stainless steel, so when FRP is used, the bottom 3 The thickness t of the inner wall plate 3A and outer wall plate 3B had to be made even thicker, and as a result, the total thickness T of the bottom portion 3
The reality is that it has no choice but to grow even larger.
【０００９】ところで、クライオスタットにおける真空
断熱層の負圧による底部３の内壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂの
変形を防止するための一つの手段としては、例えば図８
に示すように、底部３の内壁板３Ａと外壁板３Ｂとの間
の適宜の箇所にＦＲＰで代表される比較的断熱効果の高
い（熱伝導率の低い）材料からなる剛性を有するスペー
サ剛体９を適宜挿入して、そのスペーサ剛体９により内
壁板３Ａ、外壁板３Ｂの間に加わる荷重を支持し、これ
らの板の撓み変形を防止することが考えられる。しかし
ながらこのようなＦＲＰ等からなるスペーサ剛体９を用
いる場合、ＦＲＰ等は一応は熱伝導率が低いとはいえど
も、真空断熱層に比較すれば格段に熱伝導率が高いため
、スペーサ剛体９の部分において外部から内部への熱侵
入が生じ、そのため冷媒のロスも大きくならざるを得ず
、したがって実用化は困難であった。By the way, as one means for preventing deformation of the inner wall plate 3A and outer wall plate 3B of the bottom portion 3 due to the negative pressure of the vacuum insulation layer in the cryostat, for example, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, a rigid spacer body 9 made of a material with a relatively high heat insulation effect (low thermal conductivity) such as FRP is installed at an appropriate location between the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B of the bottom portion 3. It is conceivable to insert the spacer rigid body 9 as appropriate to support the load applied between the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B, and to prevent these plates from being bent or deformed. However, when using such a rigid spacer body 9 made of FRP, etc., although FRP etc. has a low thermal conductivity, it has a much higher thermal conductivity than a vacuum insulation layer. Heat intrusion from the outside to the inside occurs in some parts, which inevitably leads to large losses of refrigerant, making it difficult to put it into practical use.
【００１０】なおクライオスタットの底部３の全体形状
を凸湾曲面状とした場合、すなわち底部３の内壁板３Ａ
、外壁板３Ｂを凸湾曲面状とした場合には、厚み方向の
荷重に対する剛性が高くなり、真空断熱層の負圧による
荷重に対して撓み変形が生じにくくなる。但しこの場合
はクライオスタット底部の内面形状も凸湾曲状となって
いるため、収容する冷却対象物の形状等に制約が生じ、
またクライオスタット底部の外面形状も凸湾曲面状にな
っているため、底部外面の直近に他の部材を配置する場
合（例えば図７のような場合）に、外部の部材の形状に
も制約が生じる。したがって用途によっては、このよう
に底部形状を湾曲面とすることが不適当な場合が多いの
である。Note that when the overall shape of the bottom part 3 of the cryostat is a convex curved surface, that is, the inner wall plate 3A of the bottom part 3
When the outer wall board 3B has a convex curved surface shape, the rigidity against the load in the thickness direction is increased, and bending deformation is less likely to occur under the load due to the negative pressure of the vacuum insulation layer. However, in this case, the internal shape of the bottom of the cryostat is also convexly curved, so there are restrictions on the shape of the object to be cooled.
In addition, since the outer surface of the bottom of the cryostat has a convex curved shape, when placing other members in close proximity to the outer surface of the bottom (for example, in the case shown in Figure 7), there are restrictions on the shape of external members. . Therefore, depending on the application, it is often inappropriate to make the bottom shape a curved surface.
【００１１】以上、クライオスタットの場合を例にとっ
て従来の問題点を説明したが、クライオスタットに限ら
ず、平板状の２枚の壁板の間の空間を真空断熱層とした
場合は、多かれ少なかれ前述と同様な問題が生じている
。[0011] The conventional problems have been explained above using the case of a cryostat as an example. However, it is not limited to cryostat, but when the space between two flat wall plates is made into a vacuum insulation layer, the problem is more or less the same as described above. A problem has arisen.
【００１２】この発明は以上の事情を背景としてなされ
たもので、平板状の２枚の壁板の間の空間を実質的に真
空に保持して真空断熱するようにした構造において、壁
板の厚みを増すことなく、負圧により２枚の壁板間に加
わる荷重を支持して壁板の撓み変形を防止すると同時に
良好な断熱効果も得られるようにした、真空断熱支持方
法を提供することを基本的な目的とするものである。The present invention was made against the background of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has a structure in which the space between two flat wall plates is maintained in a substantially vacuum state for vacuum insulation. The basic objective is to provide a vacuum insulation support method that supports the load applied between two wall boards by negative pressure without increasing the load, prevents the wall boards from bending and deformation, and at the same time provides a good insulation effect. The purpose is to
【００１３】またこの発明の他の目的は、底部を平板状
としたクライオスタット（真空断熱容器）において、底
部の変形を招くことなく底部の全厚みを小さくすること
にある。Another object of the present invention is to reduce the total thickness of a cryostat (vacuum insulated container) having a flat bottom without causing deformation of the bottom.
【００１４】またこの発明の他の目的は、側壁部の少な
くとも一面を平面状としたクライオスタット（真空断熱
容器）において、その平面状の側壁部の変形を招くこと
なく側壁部の全厚みを小さくすることにある。Another object of the present invention is to reduce the total thickness of the side wall of a cryostat (vacuum insulation container) in which at least one side of the side wall is planar without causing deformation of the planar side wall. There is a particular thing.
【００１５】さらにこの発明の他の目的は、全厚みが薄
くかつ断熱効果の良好な平板状の真空断熱パネルを提供
することにある。Still another object of the present invention is to provide a flat vacuum heat insulating panel that has a small total thickness and has a good heat insulating effect.
【００１６】[0016]
【課題を解決するための手段】真空断熱層における断熱
効果を増すために従来から多重層真空断熱を行なうこと
が知られている。この多重層真空断熱は、スーパーイン
シュレーションとも称されるものであって、一般には、
金属光沢を有する薄質な反射フィルム、例えば蒸着によ
り形成したアルミ蒸着樹脂フィルムと、ポリエステル等
の低熱伝導材からなる網状のシート状セパレータとを交
互に数十層から数百層多重に積層して、その多重フィル
ム層を、真空断熱層を形成するべき空間に挿入し、かつ
その空間を真空とすることによって達成される。このよ
うな多重層真空断熱は、単に真空により断熱するばかり
でなく、反射フィルムが輻射熱を抑え、かつ各反射フィ
ルム相互間の接触をシート状セパレータが防止して各反
射フィルム相互間の熱伝導を防止し、かつシート状セパ
レータ自体は網状等にすることによってシート状セパレ
ータと反射フィルムとが点接触となるようにし、これに
より両者間の熱伝達をも防止するようにしたものであり
、このような多重フィルム層を設けない単なる真空断熱
の場合に比較して一層断熱効果を高めることができる。
このような多重層真空断熱層における積層方向の熱伝導
率は、多重層を構成している各フィルムの材料や積層数
等の条件によっても異なるが、通常は１０−５（Ｗ／ｍ
・Ｋ）のオーダーの極めて小さい値となることが知られ
ている。図８に示したようなスペーサ剛体９に用いられ
るＦＲＰの熱伝導率は１０−２（Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ）のオーダ
ーであるから、多重真空断熱の効果が如何に優れている
かは明らかである。[Means for Solving the Problems] It has been known to perform multilayer vacuum insulation in order to increase the insulation effect of the vacuum insulation layer. This multilayer vacuum insulation is also called super insulation, and is generally
A thin reflective film with a metallic luster, such as an aluminum vapor-deposited resin film formed by vapor deposition, and a net-like sheet separator made of a low heat conductive material such as polyester are alternately laminated in dozens to hundreds of layers. , is achieved by inserting the multiple film layers into the space where the vacuum insulation layer is to be formed and applying a vacuum to the space. Such multilayer vacuum insulation not only provides insulation through vacuum, but also uses reflective films to suppress radiant heat, and sheet-like separators to prevent contact between each reflective film, thereby improving heat conduction between each reflective film. In addition, the sheet separator itself is made into a net shape, etc., so that the sheet separator and the reflective film come into point contact, thereby also preventing heat transfer between the two. The insulation effect can be further enhanced compared to the case of simple vacuum insulation without providing multiple film layers. The thermal conductivity in the lamination direction of such a multilayer vacuum insulation layer varies depending on conditions such as the material of each film constituting the multilayer and the number of laminated layers, but it is usually 10-5 (W/m
・K) is known to be an extremely small value on the order of K). Since the thermal conductivity of FRP used for the spacer rigid body 9 as shown in FIG. 8 is on the order of 10-2 (W/m·K), it is clear how excellent the effect of multiple vacuum insulation is. .
【００１７】ところで、上述のような多重層真空断熱を
行なう場合の多重フィルム層については、従来は、積層
方向に荷重を加えずに自由状態のままで使用することが
必要であるとされていた。例えば円筒状の部分を多重層
真空断熱するために多重フィルム層を形成する場合には
、各フィルム、シートにテンションを加えずにフリー状
態で巻付けを行ない、また平面状の多重層真空断熱層を
形成する場合は自重のみによって各フィルム、シートを
積層することが必要とされていた。すなわち、優れた断
熱効果を得ようとするためには、反射フィルムとシート
状セパレータとの接触圧力を可及的に零に近くして、反
射フィルムとシート状セパレータとの接触面積を可及的
に小さくし、これにより両者間の熱伝達を防止する必要
があるとされていたのである。[0017] By the way, in the case of multilayer vacuum insulation as described above, it was conventionally thought that it was necessary to use the multiple film layers in a free state without applying any load in the lamination direction. . For example, when forming multiple film layers for multilayer vacuum insulation of a cylindrical part, each film or sheet is wound in a free state without applying tension, and a flat multilayer vacuum insulation layer is , it was necessary to laminate each film or sheet using only their own weight. In other words, in order to obtain an excellent heat insulation effect, the contact pressure between the reflective film and the sheet-like separator should be made as close to zero as possible, and the contact area between the reflective film and the sheet-like separator should be minimized. It was believed that it was necessary to reduce the size of the two to prevent heat transfer between the two.
【００１８】したがって従来は、多重層真空断熱をその
多重フィルム層積層方向への荷重に対する構造的な支持
として使用することは全く考えられていなかったのであ
る。すなわち、多重フィルム層をその積層方向への荷重
に対する構造的な支持に使用しようとする場合は、必然
的に積層方向へ圧力が加わって反射フィルムとシート状
セパレータとの間の接触面積が増大し、積層方向への全
体的な熱伝導率が大きくなり、断熱効果が低下してしま
う不利益をもたらすだけと考えられていたのである。[0018] Therefore, in the past, it has not been considered at all to use multilayer vacuum insulation as a structural support against loads in the lamination direction of multiple film layers. In other words, when multiple film layers are used for structural support against loads in the stacking direction, pressure is inevitably applied in the stacking direction, increasing the contact area between the reflective film and the sheet-like separator. It was thought that this would only bring about disadvantages such as an increase in the overall thermal conductivity in the lamination direction and a decrease in the heat insulation effect.
【００１９】しかしながら、本願発明者等が実際に詳細
な実験を行なったところ、多重層真空断熱の多重フィル
ム層にその積層方向に大気圧程度の圧力を加えた場合で
も、積層方向への全体の熱伝導率は自由積層状態での熱
伝導率の４倍程度になるに過ぎず、クライオスタット等
における断熱性が実用上支障のない程度であることが判
明した。すなわちその場合の熱伝導率は、図８に示した
スペーサ剛体９に用いられるＦＲＰの熱伝導率（１０−
２Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋのオーダー）と比較すれば、依然として２
〜３桁は熱伝導率が良好であり、したがって図８に示し
たようなスペーサ剛体を構造支持部材として用いる場合
と比較すれば、格段に断熱効果は優れていることが判明
し、この発明をなすに至ったのである。However, when the present inventors actually conducted detailed experiments, they found that even when a pressure of about atmospheric pressure was applied to the multiple film layers of a multilayer vacuum insulation in the direction of lamination, the overall It was found that the thermal conductivity was only about four times the thermal conductivity in the free laminated state, and that the thermal insulation properties in cryostat etc. were at a level that would not cause any practical problems. In other words, the thermal conductivity in that case is the thermal conductivity (10-
(on the order of 2W/m・K), it is still 2W/m・K).
It has been found that the thermal conductivity is good by ~3 orders of magnitude, and therefore the insulation effect is significantly superior when compared to the case where a rigid spacer body as shown in FIG. 8 is used as a structural support member. I came to the eggplant.
【００２０】具体的には、請求項１の発明の真空断熱支
持方法は、平板状の２枚の壁板間の空間を実質的に真空
に保持するとともに、その空間に多重層真空断熱層を形
成するための多重フィルム層を介在させ、前記２枚の壁
板間の空間の負圧によってその２枚の壁板間に相互に接
近する方向へ加わる荷重を、前記多重フィルム層によっ
て支持することを特徴とするものである。Specifically, the vacuum heat insulation support method of the invention of claim 1 maintains the space between two flat wall plates in a substantially vacuum state, and at the same time provides a multilayer vacuum heat insulation layer in the space. interposing multiple film layers to form a wall plate, and supporting the load applied in a direction in which the two wall plates approach each other due to negative pressure in the space between the two wall plates, by the multiple film layers; It is characterized by:
【００２１】また請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明の
真空断熱支持方法において、特に前記多重フィルム層を
規定したものであって、その多重フィルム層が、表面に
金属光沢を有する反射フィルムと、少なくとも表面に凹
凸が存在する低熱伝導材からなるシート状セパレータと
を多数層積層した構造とされていることを特徴とするも
のである。[0021] Furthermore, the invention of claim 2 is the vacuum insulation supporting method of the invention of claim 1, in which the multiple film layer is particularly defined, and the multiple film layer is a reflective film having a metallic luster on the surface. and a sheet-like separator made of a low heat conductive material with at least irregularities on its surface, which are laminated in multiple layers.
【００２２】一方請求項３の発明は、前述のような真空
断熱支持方法を実施した真空断熱容器を規定したもので
あり、少なくとも底部が平面状とされた真空断熱容器に
おいて、容器本体の底部および周壁部が内外２重壁構造
とされ、かつその２重壁の内壁板と外壁板との間の空間
が実質的に真空に保持されるとともに、その空間に多重
層断熱層を形成するための多重フィルム層が介在され、
かつ容器本体の底部においては、平板状の内壁板と外壁
板との間の空間の負圧によってその底部の内壁板と外壁
板との間に相互に接近する方向に加わる荷重を、前記多
重フィルム層によって支持するように構成したことを特
徴とするものである。On the other hand, the invention of claim 3 provides a vacuum insulated container in which the vacuum insulation support method as described above is implemented, and in the vacuum insulated container whose bottom part is at least flat, the bottom part of the container body and the bottom part of the container body are flat. The peripheral wall part has a double wall structure, inside and outside, and the space between the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate of the double wall is maintained in a substantially vacuum state, and a multilayer heat insulating layer is formed in the space. Multiple film layers are interposed;
In addition, at the bottom of the container body, the load applied in the direction in which the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate at the bottom approach each other due to the negative pressure in the space between the flat inner wall plate and the outer wall plate is applied to the multilayer film. It is characterized by being configured to be supported by layers.
【００２３】一方請求項４の発明も、前述のような真空
断熱支持方法を実施した真空断熱容器を規定したもので
あり、側壁部の少なくとも１面以上が平面状とされた真
空断熱容器において、容器本体の底部および側壁部が内
外２重壁構造とされ、かつその２重壁の内壁板と外壁板
との間の空間が実質的に真空に保持されるとともに、そ
の空間に多重層断熱層を形成するための多重フィルム層
が介在され、かつ平面状の側壁部においては、平板状の
内壁板と外壁板との間の空間の負圧によってその側壁部
の内壁板と外壁板との間に相互に接近する方向に加わる
荷重を、前記多重フィルム層によって支持するように構
成したことを特徴とするものである。On the other hand, the invention according to claim 4 also provides a vacuum insulated container in which the above-mentioned vacuum insulated support method is implemented, and in the vacuum insulated container in which at least one side wall portion is flat, The bottom and side walls of the container body have a double wall structure, inside and outside, and the space between the inner and outer walls of the double wall is maintained in a substantially vacuum state, and a multi-layer heat insulating layer is provided in the space. In the case where multiple film layers are interposed to form a flat side wall, the negative pressure in the space between the flat inner wall plate and the outer wall plate causes the gap between the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate of the side wall portion to The present invention is characterized in that the multiple film layers support a load applied in a direction toward each other.
【００２４】また請求項５の発明では、請求項３もしく
は請求項４の発明の真空断熱容器における多重フィルム
層について、請求項２と同様に規定した。In the fifth aspect of the invention, the multiple film layers in the vacuum insulation container of the third or fourth aspect of the invention are defined in the same manner as in the second aspect.
【００２５】さらに請求項６の発明は、前述のような真
空断熱支持方法を実施した真空断熱パネルを規定したも
のであり、この真空断熱パネルは、平板状の２枚の壁板
の間に空間が形成されるとともにその２枚の壁板の周辺
部において前記空間が密封され、前記空間が実質的に真
空にされるとともに、その空間に多重層真空断熱層を形
成するための多重フィルム層が介在され、しかも前記２
枚の壁板間の空間の負圧によってその２枚の壁板間に相
互に接近する方向へ加わる荷重を、前記多重フィルム層
によって支持する構成としたことを特徴とするものであ
る。Furthermore, the invention of claim 6 defines a vacuum insulation panel that implements the vacuum insulation support method as described above, and this vacuum insulation panel has a space formed between two flat wall plates. At the same time, the space is sealed around the periphery of the two wall plates, the space is substantially evacuated, and multiple film layers are interposed to form a multilayer vacuum insulation layer in the space. , and above 2
The present invention is characterized in that the load applied between the two wall plates in the direction toward each other due to the negative pressure in the space between the two wall plates is supported by the multiple film layers.
【００２６】そして請求項７の発明では、請求項６の発
明の真空断熱パネルにおける多重フィルム層について請
求項２と同様に規定した。In the seventh aspect of the invention, the multiple film layers in the vacuum insulation panel of the sixth aspect of the invention are defined in the same manner as in the second aspect.
【００２７】[0027]
【作用】請求項１の発明の真空断熱支持方法においては
、２枚の壁板間に加わる負圧による荷重を、その２枚の
壁板間で多重層真空断熱層を形成するための多重フィル
ム層で支持している。この負圧は通常は大気圧に相当す
るが、既に述べたように大気圧程度の負圧による荷重を
多重フィルム層にその積層方向に加えた場合、積層方向
の熱伝導率は荷重が実質的に零の場合（自由積層状態）
の４倍程度になるが、この値は、ＦＲＰと比較すれば依
然として２〜３桁は熱伝導率が低く、したがって断熱効
果としてもクライオスタット等における断熱として充分
である。[Operation] In the vacuum insulation support method of the invention of claim 1, the load due to the negative pressure applied between the two wall plates is absorbed by the multiple film for forming a multilayer vacuum insulation layer between the two wall plates. Supported by layers. This negative pressure normally corresponds to atmospheric pressure, but as mentioned above, when a negative pressure load of about atmospheric pressure is applied to multiple film layers in the direction of lamination, the thermal conductivity in the direction of lamination is When is zero (free stacking state)
However, this value still has a thermal conductivity that is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of FRP, and therefore has a sufficient heat insulating effect in cryostats and the like.
【００２８】そして上述のように２枚の壁板間に介在す
る多重フィルム層で真空による負圧の荷重を受けている
ことから、壁板自体が負圧により撓み変形してしまうこ
とが防止され、そのため壁板自体の厚みを小さくするこ
とができるから、全厚みを小さくすることが可能となる
。[0028] As mentioned above, since the multiple film layers interposed between the two wall plates are subjected to the load of negative pressure caused by the vacuum, the wall plate itself is prevented from being bent and deformed due to the negative pressure. Therefore, since the thickness of the wall plate itself can be reduced, the total thickness can be reduced.
【００２９】また請求項３の発明の真空断熱容器におい
ては、容器本体の底部の内壁板と外壁板との間の真空断
熱層を構成する多重フィルム層により、前記同様に負圧
による荷重を支持するように構成されているから、内壁
板と外壁板の撓み変形が防止され、その結果内壁板、外
壁板の厚みを小さくして、底部の全厚みを小さくするこ
とができる。その結果、例えば容器内の底部に超電導マ
グネットを収容し、容器の底部を介して外部の対象物に
磁力を及ぼすような場合でも、超電導マグネットと外部
の対象物との間の距離を小さくすることができ、したが
って対象物に有効に磁力を作用させることが可能となる
。Furthermore, in the vacuum insulation container of the invention of claim 3, the load due to negative pressure is supported in the same way as described above by the multiple film layers constituting the vacuum insulation layer between the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate at the bottom of the container body. This structure prevents the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate from being bent and deformed, and as a result, the thickness of the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate can be reduced, and the total thickness of the bottom portion can be reduced. As a result, even when a superconducting magnet is housed at the bottom of a container and a magnetic force is applied to an external object through the bottom of the container, the distance between the superconducting magnet and the external object can be reduced. Therefore, it becomes possible to effectively apply magnetic force to the object.
【００３０】そしてまた請求項４の発明の真空断熱容器
は、側壁部の少なくとも１面以上を平面状とした角筒状
もしくはそれに類した真空断熱容器についてのものであ
り、この場合も、平面状をなす側壁部の内壁板と外壁板
との間の真空断熱層を構成する多重フィルム層によって
、前記同様に負圧による荷重を支持するように構成され
ているから、その平面状の側壁部の全厚みを小さくする
ことが可能となった。従来は、角筒状の真空断熱容器は
円筒状の真空断熱機と比較して側壁部の全厚みを著しく
大きくする必要があるとされ、そのため実用化がほとん
ど図られていなかったが、このような構成とすることに
よって、側壁部の厚みを著しく小さくして角筒状真空断
熱容器を実用化することが可能となったのである。The vacuum insulated container of the invention according to claim 4 is a vacuum insulated container having a rectangular cylindrical shape or similar shape with at least one side wall having a flat surface. The multilayer film layer forming the vacuum insulation layer between the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate of the side wall forming the side wall is configured to support the load due to negative pressure in the same manner as described above. It became possible to reduce the total thickness. In the past, it was believed that rectangular cylindrical vacuum insulated containers needed to have a significantly larger total side wall thickness than cylindrical vacuum insulated containers, and as a result, they were rarely put into practical use. By adopting this structure, it became possible to significantly reduce the thickness of the side wall portion and to put into practical use a rectangular cylindrical vacuum insulated container.
【００３１】さらに請求項６の発明の断熱パネルは、平
板状の２枚の壁板の間に多重層真空断熱層が形成されて
全体として１枚のパネルに形成されており、その多重フ
ィルム層が負圧を受けるように構成されているため、前
記同様に各壁板の厚みを厚くしてパネル全体の薄肉化を
図ることができ、また同時に軽量化も図ることができる
。すなわち薄肉で軽量であってしかも断熱効果の優れた
平板状パネルとなるから、保冷等の各種の用途に広く利
用することができる。Furthermore, in the heat insulation panel of the invention of claim 6, a multilayer vacuum heat insulation layer is formed between two flat wall plates to form one panel as a whole, and the multilayer film layer is a negative layer. Since it is configured to receive pressure, it is possible to increase the thickness of each wall board in the same way as described above to make the entire panel thinner, and at the same time, it is also possible to reduce the weight. In other words, it becomes a flat panel that is thin, lightweight, and has an excellent heat insulating effect, so it can be widely used for various purposes such as cold storage.
【００３２】[0032]
【実施例】図１〜図３に請求項１の発明の断熱支持方法
を実施した真空容器の一例、すなわち請求項３の発明の
一実施例を示す。Embodiment FIGS. 1 to 3 show an example of a vacuum vessel in which the heat insulation support method of the invention according to claim 1 is implemented, that is, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 3.
【００３３】図１において容器本体１は、図７について
述べたと同様に円筒状の周壁部２とフラットな平面状を
なす底部３とを一体化した構成とされており、周壁部２
および底部３はいずれも中間に空間５１，５２を形成し
た内外２重壁構造とされている。すなわち周壁部は小径
の円筒状内壁板２Ａと大径の円筒状外壁板２Ｂとによっ
て構成され、底部３はフラットな平板状の内壁板３Ａと
同じくフラットな平板状の外壁板３Ｂとによって構成さ
れている。これらの内壁板２Ａ，３Ａ、外壁板２Ｂ，３
Ｂとしては、いずれもＦＲＰあるいはステンレス鋼など
が用いられる。In FIG. 1, the container body 1 has a structure in which a cylindrical peripheral wall portion 2 and a flat bottom portion 3 are integrated, as described in connection with FIG.
Both the bottom part 3 and the bottom part 3 have an inner and outer double wall structure with spaces 51 and 52 formed in the middle. That is, the peripheral wall part is composed of a small-diameter cylindrical inner wall plate 2A and a large-diameter cylindrical outer wall plate 2B, and the bottom part 3 is composed of a flat inner wall plate 3A and a flat outer wall plate 3B. ing. These inner wall boards 2A, 3A, outer wall boards 2B, 3
As B, FRP or stainless steel is used in both cases.
【００３４】底部３の内壁板３Ａと外壁板３Ｂとの間の
空間５２には、積層真空断熱層を構成する多重フィルム
層１０が介挿されている。この多重フィルム層１０は、
図２、図３に示すように、金属光沢を有する反射フィル
ム１０Ａと、低熱伝導材からなるシート状セパレータ１
０Ｂとを交互に数十層から数百層にわたって積層してな
るものである。[0034] In the space 52 between the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B of the bottom portion 3, a multiple film layer 10 constituting a laminated vacuum heat insulating layer is inserted. This multiple film layer 10 is
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a sheet-like separator 1 made of a reflective film 10A with metallic luster and a low thermal conductive material
0B are alternately laminated in tens to hundreds of layers.
【００３５】前記反射フィルム１０Ａとしては、例えば
蒸着法等によって表面にアルミニウム等の金属薄膜を形
成したポリエステル等の樹脂からなる厚さ５〜５０μｍ
程度の薄質なフィルムが用いられる。またシート状セパ
レータ１０Ｂとしては、例えばポリエステルやナイロン
等の合成樹脂、合成繊維、あるいはセルロース、ガラス
等の繊維からなり、少なくとも表面に実質的な凹凸が存
在するように、網状や、織目の粗い布で構成され、また
その厚みは１０〜５００μｍ程度とされる。The reflective film 10A is made of a resin such as polyester and has a thickness of 5 to 50 μm and has a thin film of metal such as aluminum formed on the surface by, for example, vapor deposition.
A relatively thin film is used. The sheet-like separator 10B may be made of synthetic resin such as polyester or nylon, synthetic fiber, or fiber such as cellulose or glass, and may have a net shape or coarse weave so that at least the surface has substantial irregularities. It is made of cloth and has a thickness of about 10 to 500 μm.
【００３６】このように反射フィルム１０Ａとシート状
セパレータ１０Ｂとを交互に多数層積層してなる多重フ
ィルム層１０は、底部３における内壁板３Ａと外壁板３
Ｂとの間に、ある程度の予圧、具体的には大気圧と真空
との間の圧力差に相当する荷重（約１ｋｇ／ｃｍ２ ）
もしくはそれより若干大きい程度の荷重（通常は２ｋｇ
／ｃｍ２ 程度までが好ましい）を積層方向に加えた状
態で収容されている。すなわち、自重のみで積層した状
態よりも予圧により積層方向に圧縮させた状態で収容さ
れる。The multilayer film layer 10 formed by laminating a large number of reflective films 10A and sheet-like separators 10B in this way has an inner wall plate 3A and an outer wall plate 3 in the bottom portion 3.
B, a certain amount of preload, specifically a load equivalent to the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure and vacuum (approximately 1 kg/cm2).
Or a slightly larger load (usually 2 kg)
/cm2) in the stacking direction. That is, they are housed in a compressed state in the stacking direction due to preload rather than in a stacked state due to their own weight alone.
【００３７】また容器本体１の周壁部２の内壁板２Ａと
外壁板２Ｂとの間の空間５１にも前記と同様な多重フィ
ルム層１０が収容されるが、この周壁部２では底部３の
場合とは異なり、特に積極的に予圧の荷重を加えて圧縮
させた状態で多重フィルム層１０を収容する必要はなく
、例えば円筒状の内壁板２Ａの外周上に多重フィルム層
１０を巻付ける際に、テンションを加えずに巻付けたま
まの状態とすれば良い。The same multilayer film layer 10 as described above is also accommodated in the space 51 between the inner wall plate 2A and the outer wall plate 2B of the peripheral wall portion 2 of the container body 1; Unlike, it is not necessary to house the multiple film layers 10 in a compressed state by actively applying a preload load, for example, when winding the multiple film layers 10 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical inner wall plate 2A. , it is sufficient to leave it wrapped without applying any tension.
【００３８】なお底部３の内壁板３Ａと外壁板３Ｂとの
間の空間５２および周壁部２の内壁板２Ａと外壁板２Ｂ
との間の空間５１、すなわち多重フィルム層１０を収容
した各空間５１，５２は、図示しない排気手段によって
真空排気されて、実質的に真空状態に保持される。した
がってこれらの空間５１，５２は多重層真空断熱層とな
る。Note that the space 52 between the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B of the bottom portion 3 and the inner wall plate 2A and the outer wall plate 2B of the peripheral wall portion 2
The space 51 between them, that is, the spaces 51 and 52 containing the multiple film layers 10, is evacuated by an evacuation means (not shown) and maintained in a substantially vacuum state. These spaces 51 and 52 therefore form a multilayer vacuum insulation layer.
【００３９】以上のような断熱容器においては、底部３
の内壁板３Ａおよび外壁板３Ｂは、平板状に作られてい
るため、外気圧（大気圧）と真空との圧力差によって両
壁板３Ａ，３Ｂを接近させる方向への力が加わる。両壁
板３Ａ，３Ｂは前述のように撓み変形しやすく、特に大
径の場合には容易に撓み変形してしまうおそれがあるが
、両壁板３Ａ，３Ｂ間の空間５２に挿入されている多重
フィルム層１０は、予めその積層方向に予圧を加えて自
由状態よりも圧縮させた状態で両壁板３Ａ，３Ｂ内に収
容されているため、その多重フィルム層１０が両壁板３
Ａ，３Ｂ間に加わる荷重を支持し、両壁板３Ａ，３Ｂの
変形を防止することができる。In the above-described heat-insulating container, the bottom portion 3
Since the inner wall plate 3A and the outer wall plate 3B are made in a flat plate shape, a force is applied in a direction to bring the wall plates 3A, 3B closer together due to the pressure difference between the outside pressure (atmospheric pressure) and the vacuum. Both wall plates 3A and 3B are easily bent and deformed as described above, and there is a risk that they may easily be bent and deformed especially in the case of a large diameter, but they are inserted into the space 52 between both wall plates 3A and 3B. The multiple film layer 10 is accommodated in both wall plates 3A and 3B in a compressed state than the free state by applying a preload in the stacking direction, so that the multiple film layer 10
It is possible to support the load applied between A and 3B and prevent deformation of both wall plates 3A and 3B.
【００４０】また上述のように底部３の両壁板３Ａ，３
Ｂ間に加わる荷重が多重フィルム層１０によって支持さ
れることから、両壁板３Ａ，３Ｂ自体としては剛性が高
いものが要求されず、したがって両壁板の肉厚ｔを従来
よりも格段に薄くすることができ、その結果底部３の全
厚みＴも従来よりも格段に小さくすることができる。例
えば内径が１０００ｍｍの大容量の容器の場合、ＦＲＰ
製の壁板３Ａ，３Ｂでそれぞれの厚みｔを５ｍｍ程度と
することができ、一方両壁板３Ａ，３Ｂの間のスペース
は１５ｍｍ程度で足り、結局底部３の全厚みＴは２５ｍ
ｍ程度とすることが可能となることが、本発明者等の実
験により確認されている。Further, as mentioned above, both wall plates 3A, 3 of the bottom part 3
Since the load applied between B is supported by the multiple film layer 10, both wall plates 3A and 3B themselves are not required to have high rigidity, and therefore the wall thickness t of both wall plates is made much thinner than before. As a result, the total thickness T of the bottom portion 3 can be made much smaller than in the past. For example, in the case of a large capacity container with an inner diameter of 1000 mm, FRP
The thickness t of the wall plates 3A and 3B can be approximately 5 mm, while the space between the wall plates 3A and 3B is approximately 15 mm, and the total thickness T of the bottom portion 3 is 25 m.
It has been confirmed through experiments by the present inventors that it is possible to make it approximately m.
【００４１】既に述べたように、従来のステンレス鋼製
の断熱容器（クライオスタット）の場合、内径が１００
０ｍｍの場合は底部の各壁板の厚みｔはそれぞれ５０ｍ
ｍ程度とする必要があり、したがって壁板の間のスペー
スを前記と同じ１５ｍｍとしても、底部全厚みが１１５
ｍｍとなり、ステンレス鋼よりも撓み変形しやすいＦＲ
Ｐを用いればそれよりもさらに厚くなる。したがってこ
の発明の場合には、従来よりも格段に底部の全厚みを小
さくし得ることが明らかである。As already mentioned, in the case of a conventional stainless steel heat insulating container (cryostat), the inner diameter is 100 mm.
In the case of 0mm, the thickness t of each bottom wall plate is 50m.
Therefore, even if the space between the wall plates is 15 mm, which is the same as above, the total thickness of the bottom part is 115 mm.
mm, and FR is easier to bend and deform than stainless steel.
If P is used, the thickness will be even thicker. Therefore, it is clear that in the case of the present invention, the total thickness of the bottom can be made much smaller than in the prior art.
【００４２】なお例えば内径が１５０ｍｍ程度の比較的
小型の容器の場合は、ＦＲＰ製の壁板３Ａ，３Ｂは２ｍ
ｍ程度まで薄くすることができる。For example, in the case of a relatively small container with an inner diameter of about 150 mm, the FRP wall plates 3A and 3B should be 2 m long.
It can be made as thin as 1.0 m.
【００４３】一方、断熱性効果の点から見れば、既に「
作用」の項で説明したように、多重フィルム層の熱伝導
率は、大気圧程度の予圧を加えた場合でも、予圧を加え
ない自由状態のままの４倍程度となるに過ぎず、図８に
示したようにＦＲＰ等からなるスペーサ剛体を用いた場
合よりも２〜３桁は熱伝導率が小さく、したがって図８
の場合よりも外部からの熱侵入は格段に少ないから、実
用上支障のない程度の良好な断熱性を維持していると言
える。On the other hand, from the point of view of the heat insulation effect, it is already "
As explained in the ``Effects'' section, even when a preload of about atmospheric pressure is applied, the thermal conductivity of the multiple film layer is only about four times that of the free state without preload, as shown in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 8, the thermal conductivity is two to three orders of magnitude lower than when using a rigid spacer made of FRP, etc.
Since the heat intrusion from the outside is much smaller than in the case of , it can be said that it maintains a good level of heat insulation that does not cause any practical problems.
【００４４】なお図１の例では周壁部２を円筒状とし、
その周壁部２における内壁板２Ａ、外壁板２Ｂの間の空
間５１の多重フィルム層１０は特に予圧を加えて圧縮す
ることは行なわないこととしている。これは、円筒状の
部分は厚み方向への力に対する剛性が高く、したがって
周壁部２では撓み変形が生じ難いためであるが、場合に
よってはこの周壁部２内の多重フィルム層１０も底部３
と同様に予圧を加えて予め圧縮した構成としても良い。
そしてこの場合は、周壁部２の形状を角筒状とすること
が可能となる。このように周壁部２の形状を角筒状とし
た実施例、すなわち請求項４の発明の実施例の真空断熱
容器を図４に示す。In the example shown in FIG. 1, the peripheral wall 2 is cylindrical,
The multiple film layer 10 in the space 51 between the inner wall plate 2A and the outer wall plate 2B in the peripheral wall portion 2 is not particularly compressed by applying preload. This is because the cylindrical portion has high rigidity against force in the thickness direction, and therefore bending deformation is difficult to occur in the peripheral wall portion 2. However, in some cases, the multiple film layer 10 within the peripheral wall portion 2 may also extend to the bottom portion.
It is also possible to use a configuration in which a preload is applied to compress the material in advance. In this case, the shape of the peripheral wall portion 2 can be made into a rectangular tube shape. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the peripheral wall portion 2 has a rectangular cylindrical shape, that is, an embodiment of the vacuum insulation container according to the fourth aspect of the invention.
【００４５】図４において周壁部２はその全体が角筒状
とされている。すなわち周壁部２は４面の平面状の側壁
部２０Ａ，２０Ｂ，２０Ｃ，２０Ｄによって構成されて
いる。そして各側壁部２０Ａ〜２０Ｄは、平面状の内壁
板２Ａと平面状の外壁板２Ｂとの間の空間５１に前記同
様な多重フィルム層１０を介挿した構成とされ、この多
重フィルム層１０は、前記同様に予圧を加えて圧縮した
状態とされている。In FIG. 4, the entire peripheral wall portion 2 has a rectangular tube shape. That is, the peripheral wall portion 2 is constituted by four planar side wall portions 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D. Each of the side walls 20A to 20D has a structure in which a multiple film layer 10 similar to that described above is inserted in a space 51 between the planar inner wall plate 2A and the planar outer wall plate 2B. , is in a compressed state with preload applied in the same manner as described above.
【００４６】このように周壁部２を平面状の側壁部２０
Ａ〜２０Ｄによって角筒状とした場合は、厚さ方向の力
に対する剛性が低くなって空間５１の負圧による両壁板
２Ａ，２Ｂの撓み変形が著しく生じ易くなるが、空間５
１内の多重フィルム層１０に予圧を加えた圧縮状態とし
ておくことによって、既に述べたように負圧により両壁
板２Ａ，２Ｂ間に加わる荷重を多重フィルム層１０が支
持することになり、撓み変形の発生を防止できるのであ
る。このような角筒状のクライオスタットは従来は実用
化されていなかったが、内部に収納する機器の形状等に
よっては角筒状が好まれることがあり、そのような場合
に最適となる。In this way, the peripheral wall portion 2 is formed into a planar side wall portion 20.
If A to 20D are formed into a rectangular tube shape, the rigidity against force in the thickness direction will be low, and both wall plates 2A and 2B will be significantly susceptible to deflection deformation due to negative pressure in the space 51.
By placing the multilayer film layer 10 in the wall plate 1 in a compressed state with preload applied, the multilayer film layer 10 supports the load applied between the wall plates 2A and 2B due to negative pressure, as described above, and the bending occurs. This makes it possible to prevent deformation from occurring. Although such a rectangular cylindrical cryostat has not been put to practical use in the past, a rectangular cylindrical shape may be preferred depending on the shape of the equipment to be housed inside, and is optimal in such cases.
【００４７】図５には、前述のような角筒状真空断熱容
器を応用して磁気遮蔽板３０を構成した例を示す。FIG. 5 shows an example in which the magnetic shielding plate 30 is constructed by applying the prismatic cylindrical vacuum insulation container as described above.
【００４８】図５において、角筒状（より正確には、横
断面長矩形状）をなす真空断熱容器３１は、図４につい
て述べたとほぼと同様に構成されており、この容器３１
の内側の空所３２には、全体として平板状をなす超電導
材料、例えば酸化物系の高温超電導材料３３が収容され
るとともに、その空所３２には液体窒素等の冷媒３４が
注入されている。In FIG. 5, a vacuum insulated container 31 having a rectangular cylindrical shape (more precisely, a long rectangular cross section) is constructed in substantially the same manner as described in connection with FIG.
A superconducting material having a flat plate shape as a whole, for example, an oxide-based high-temperature superconducting material 33 is housed in the cavity 32 inside the cavity 32, and a coolant 34 such as liquid nitrogen is injected into the cavity 32. .
【００４９】良く知られているように、超電導材料は超
電導温度域において磁気遮蔽効果を示すことが知られて
おり、したがって図５に示すような構成とすることによ
って磁気遮蔽を行なうことができる。そしてこのような
磁気遮蔽板３０は、その断熱のための部分すなわち真空
断熱容器３１の壁部の厚みを前述のように薄くすること
ができるため、磁気遮蔽板３０の全厚みも薄くすること
ができ、したがって極めて軽便に各種磁気応用機器の磁
気遮蔽に適用することができる。As is well known, superconducting materials are known to exhibit a magnetic shielding effect in the superconducting temperature range, and therefore magnetic shielding can be achieved by constructing the structure as shown in FIG. In such a magnetic shielding plate 30, since the thickness of the portion for heat insulation, that is, the wall portion of the vacuum insulation container 31, can be made thin as described above, the total thickness of the magnetic shielding plate 30 can also be made thin. Therefore, it can be applied very easily to magnetic shielding of various magnetic application devices.
【００５０】次に、請求項１の発明の方法を真空断熱パ
ネルで実施した例、すなわち請求項６の発明の実施例を
図６に示す。Next, FIG. 6 shows an example in which the method of the invention according to claim 1 is carried out on a vacuum insulation panel, that is, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 6.
【００５１】図６において、例えば平面的に見て方形あ
るいは円形をなす平板状のＦＲＰあるいはステンレス鋼
などからなる２枚の壁板２１Ａ，２１Ｂは、相互間に空
間２２を形成するように、周辺部において溶接等の任意
の手段で相互に接合され、かつその接合部分で前記空間
２２が密閉されている。そして前記空間２２に、既に述
べたと同様な多重フィルム層１０が挿入されており、か
つその空間２２は図示しない排気手段により真空とされ
ている。したがってこの空間２２は多重層真空断熱層と
されている。In FIG. 6, two wall plates 21A and 21B made of flat FRP or stainless steel, which are rectangular or circular in plan view, are arranged around the periphery so as to form a space 22 between them. The parts are joined to each other by any means such as welding, and the space 22 is sealed at the joined part. A multiple film layer 10 similar to that already described is inserted into the space 22, and the space 22 is evacuated by an evacuation means (not shown). Therefore, this space 22 is a multilayer vacuum insulation layer.
【００５２】この図６に示す真空断熱パネル４０におい
ても、既に図２、図３について説明したと同様に、多重
フィルム層１０は予圧を加えて圧縮された状態で壁板２
１Ａ，２１Ｂ間の空間２２内に挿入されており、したが
って空間２２の負圧により壁板２１Ａ，２１Ｂ間に加わ
る荷重を多重フィルム層１０で支持していることになる
。In the vacuum heat insulating panel 40 shown in FIG. 6 as well, the multiple film layer 10 is compressed by applying a preload to the wall board 2 in the same way as described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
It is inserted into the space 22 between the wall plates 1A and 21B, so that the load applied between the wall plates 21A and 21B due to the negative pressure in the space 22 is supported by the multiple film layer 10.
【００５３】このような断熱パネル４０は、例えば各種
保冷容器の蓋等として用いることができるが、既に述べ
たところから明らかなように、壁板２１Ａ，２１Ｂの厚
みｔを薄くして全厚みＴを小さくできるため、薄肉でか
つ軽量な断熱パネルとして、その取扱い性や運搬性が優
れており、各種の用途に使用することができる。Such a heat insulating panel 40 can be used, for example, as a lid for various types of cold storage containers, but as is clear from the above, the thickness t of the wall plates 21A and 21B can be reduced to a total thickness T. Because it can be made small, it is a thin and lightweight insulation panel that is easy to handle and transport, and can be used for a variety of purposes.
【００５４】[0054]
【発明の効果】請求項１の発明の真空断熱支持方法によ
れば、多重層真空断熱層を構成している多重フィルム層
自体が構造的な支持を行ない、特にその多重層真空断熱
層の真空による負圧によってその両側の２枚の壁板間に
加わる荷重に対する支持を多重フィルム層が担っている
ため、前記荷重により壁板の撓み変形が生じることが防
止され、そのため壁板自体は撓み変形に対する剛性が低
くても良いため、壁板の厚みを薄くすることができ、し
たがって真空断熱のための全厚みを小さくすることがで
きる。According to the vacuum heat insulation support method of the invention of claim 1, the multiple film layers constituting the multilayer vacuum heat insulation layer themselves provide structural support, and in particular, the vacuum of the multilayer vacuum heat insulation layer provides structural support. Since the multiple film layers support the load applied between the two wall panels on both sides due to the negative pressure caused by Since the stiffness against the wall plate may be low, the thickness of the wall plate can be reduced, and therefore the total thickness for vacuum insulation can be reduced.
【００５５】また請求項３の発明の真空断熱容器におい
ては、容器本体の平板状をなす底部に前記の断熱支持方
法を適用しており、そのためその底部の全厚みを小さく
することができるから、例えば容器内の底部に超電導マ
グネットを収容して容器外の対象物へ磁力を及ぼそうと
する場合に、超電導マグネットと外部の対象物との間の
距離を小さくして、有効に磁力を対象物に作用させるこ
とが可能となる等の効果が得られ、また薄肉の壁板を用
いることにより低コスト化、軽量化を図ることができる
。Furthermore, in the vacuum insulated container according to the third aspect of the invention, the above-mentioned heat insulation support method is applied to the flat bottom of the container body, so that the total thickness of the bottom can be reduced. For example, when storing a superconducting magnet at the bottom of a container and trying to apply magnetic force to an object outside the container, the distance between the superconducting magnet and the external object can be reduced to effectively transfer the magnetic force to the object. It is possible to obtain effects such as being able to act on the wall, and by using a thin wall plate, cost reduction and weight reduction can be achieved.
【００５６】そしてまた請求項４の発明の真空断熱容器
においては、容器本体の平板状をなす少なくとも１面の
側壁部に前記の断熱支持方法を適用しており、そのため
側壁部の全厚みを小さくすることができ、かつ内部に収
納する機器の形状や真空断熱容器を設置する空間に合せ
て種々の形状の容器とすることができる等の効果が得ら
れ、低コスト化、軽量化、省スペース化を図ることがで
きる。[0056] Furthermore, in the vacuum insulated container of the invention as claimed in claim 4, the above-mentioned heat insulation support method is applied to at least one flat side wall of the container body, so that the total thickness of the side wall can be reduced. It also has the advantage of being able to have containers of various shapes depending on the shape of the equipment stored inside and the space in which the vacuum insulated container is installed, resulting in lower costs, lighter weight, and space savings. It is possible to aim for
【００５７】さらに請求項６の発明の真空断熱パネルは
、断熱効果が良好であるばかりでなく、平面状であるた
め取扱い性、輸送性、保管性も良好である。Further, the vacuum heat insulating panel of the invention as claimed in claim 6 not only has a good heat insulating effect, but also has good handling, transportation and storage properties since it is flat.
【図１】この発明の真空断熱容器の一例の要部を示す縦
断面図である。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of an example of a vacuum insulated container of the present invention.
【図２】図１の部分Ａの拡大断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of part A in FIG. 1;
【図３】多重フィルム層の一部を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of multiple film layers.
【図４】この発明の真空断熱容器の他の例を示す横断平
面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view showing another example of the vacuum insulation container of the present invention.
【図５】図４の真空断熱容器を応用した磁気遮蔽板の斜
視断面図である。5 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnetic shielding plate to which the vacuum insulation container of FIG. 4 is applied; FIG.
【図６】この発明の真空断熱パネルの一例を示す斜視断
面図である。FIG. 6 is a perspective sectional view showing an example of the vacuum insulation panel of the present invention.
【図７】従来の真空断熱容器（クライオスタット）の一
例を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional vacuum insulation container (cryostat).
【図８】従来の真空断熱容器の他の例の部分拡大縦断面
図である。FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of another example of a conventional vacuum insulation container.
１ 容器本体
２ 周壁部
２Ａ 内壁板
２Ｂ 外壁板
３ 底部
３Ａ 内壁板
３Ｂ 外壁板
５１，５２ 空間
１０ 多重フィルム層
１０Ａ 反射フィルム
１０Ｂ シート状セパレータ
２０Ａ，２０Ｂ，２０Ｃ，２０Ｄ 側壁部２１Ａ，２
１Ｂ 壁板
２２ 空間
３０ 磁気遮蔽板
４０ 真空断熱パネル1 Container body 2 Peripheral wall 2A Inner wall board 2B Outer wall board 3 Bottom part 3A Inner wall board 3B Outer wall board 51, 52 Space 10 Multiple film layer 10A Reflective film 10B Sheet-like separator 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D Side wall part 21A, 2
1B Wall plate 22 Space 30 Magnetic shielding plate 40 Vacuum insulation panel
Claims (7)
に真空に保持するとともに、その空間に多重層真空断熱
層を形成するための多重フィルム層を介在させ、前記２
枚の壁板間の空間の負圧によってその２枚の壁板間に相
互に接近する方向へ加わる荷重を、前記多重フィルム層
によって支持することを特徴とする真空断熱支持方法。1. A space between two flat wall plates is maintained in a substantially vacuum state, and multiple film layers are interposed to form a multilayer vacuum heat insulating layer in the space;
A vacuum insulation support method, characterized in that the multiple film layers support a load applied between the two wall plates in a direction toward each other due to negative pressure in the space between the two wall plates.
沢を有する反射フィルムと、低熱伝導材からなりかつ少
なくとも表面に凹凸が存在するシート状セパレータとを
交互に多数層積層した構成とされている請求項１に記載
の真空断熱支持方法。2. The multiple film layer has a structure in which reflective films with metallic luster on the surface and sheet-like separators made of a low heat conductive material and having at least irregularities on the surface are laminated in multiple layers alternately. The vacuum insulation support method according to claim 1.
断熱容器において、容器本体の底部および周壁部が内外
２重壁構造とされ、かつその２重壁の内壁板と外壁板と
の間の空間が実質的に真空に保持されるとともに、その
空間に多重層断熱層を形成するための多重フィルム層が
介在され、かつ容器本体の底部においては、平板状の内
壁板と外壁板との間の空間の負圧によってその底部の内
壁板と外壁板との間に相互に接近する方向に加わる荷重
を、前記多重フィルム層によって支持するように構成し
たことを特徴とする真空断熱容器。3. In a vacuum insulated container having at least a flat bottom, the bottom and peripheral wall of the container body have a double wall structure inside and outside, and there is a space between an inner wall plate and an outer wall plate of the double wall. is maintained in a substantially vacuum state, and multiple film layers are interposed to form a multilayer heat insulating layer in the space, and at the bottom of the container body, there is a gap between the flat inner wall plate and the outer wall plate. A vacuum insulation container characterized in that the multiple film layers support a load applied between the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate at the bottom in a direction in which they approach each other due to negative pressure in the space.
とされた真空断熱容器において、容器本体の底部および
側壁部が内外２重壁構造とされ、かつその２重壁の内壁
板と外壁板との間の空間が実質的に真空に保持されると
ともに、その空間に多重層断熱層を形成するための多重
フィルム層が介在され、かつ平面状の側壁部においては
、平板状の内壁板と外壁板との間の空間の負圧によって
その側壁部の内壁板と外壁板との間に相互に接近する方
向に加わる荷重を、前記多重フィルム層によって支持す
るように構成したことを特徴とする真空断熱容器。4. A vacuum insulated container in which at least one of the side walls is planar, the bottom and side walls of the container body have a double wall structure inside and outside, and the double wall has an inner wall plate and an outer wall plate. In the case where the space between the flat inner wall plate and the flat inner wall plate is maintained in a substantially vacuum state, and multiple film layers are interposed to form a multilayer heat insulating layer in the space, and the flat side wall portion is The structure is characterized in that the multiple film layers support a load applied in a direction in which the inner wall plate and the outer wall plate of the side wall portion approach each other due to negative pressure in the space between the outer wall plate and the inner wall plate of the side wall portion. Vacuum insulated container.
沢を有する反射フィルムと、低熱伝導材からなりかつ少
なくとも表面に凹凸が存在するシート状セパレータとを
交互に多数層積層した構成とされている請求項３もしく
は請求項４に記載の真空断熱容器。5. The multiple film layer has a structure in which a reflective film having a metallic luster on the surface and a sheet-like separator made of a low heat conductive material and having at least an uneven surface are laminated in multiple layers alternately. The vacuum insulation container according to claim 3 or 4.
されるとともにその２枚の壁板の周辺部において前記空
間が密封され、前記空間が実質的に真空に保持されると
ともに、その空間に多重層真空断熱層を形成するための
多重フィルム層が介在され、しかも前記２枚の壁板間の
空間の負圧によってその２枚の壁板間に相互に接近する
方向へ加わる荷重を、前記多重フィルム層によって支持
するように構成したことを特徴とする真空断熱パネル。6. A space is formed between two flat wall plates, and the space is sealed at the periphery of the two wall plates, and the space is maintained substantially in a vacuum. Multiple film layers are interposed to form a multi-layer vacuum insulation layer in the space, and the negative pressure in the space between the two wall plates reduces the load applied between the two wall plates in the direction toward each other. , a vacuum insulation panel configured to be supported by the multiple film layers.
沢を有する反射フィルムと、低熱伝導材からなりかつ少
なくとも表面に凹凸が存在するシート状セパレータとを
交互に多数層積層した構成とされている請求項６に記載
の真空断熱パネル。7. The multiple film layer has a structure in which a reflective film having a metallic luster on the surface and a sheet-like separator made of a low heat conductive material and having at least irregularities on the surface are laminated in multiple layers alternately. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3114121A JPH0826958B2 (en) | 1991-04-18 | 1991-04-18 | Vacuum insulation support method, vacuum insulation container and vacuum insulation panel using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3114121A JPH0826958B2 (en) | 1991-04-18 | 1991-04-18 | Vacuum insulation support method, vacuum insulation container and vacuum insulation panel using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04321897A true JPH04321897A (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| JPH0826958B2 JPH0826958B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
Family
ID=14629664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3114121A Expired - Fee Related JPH0826958B2 (en) | 1991-04-18 | 1991-04-18 | Vacuum insulation support method, vacuum insulation container and vacuum insulation panel using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0826958B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005243647A (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-08 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | Reformer of fuel cell system and fuel cell system using the same |
| JP2006009949A (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-12 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Low-temperature liquefied gas storage tank |
| JP2008256038A (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | Vacuum heat insulating material |
| JP2009251175A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-29 | Canon Inc | Display |
| JP2019044987A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Double-pipe heat insulation furnace |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58176186A (en) * | 1982-03-27 | 1983-10-15 | ブラウン・ボバリ・ウント・シ−・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Heat insulator |
| JPS647992U (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-17 |
-
1991
- 1991-04-18 JP JP3114121A patent/JPH0826958B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58176186A (en) * | 1982-03-27 | 1983-10-15 | ブラウン・ボバリ・ウント・シ−・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Heat insulator |
| JPS647992U (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-17 |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005243647A (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-08 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | Reformer of fuel cell system and fuel cell system using the same |
| US8043389B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2011-10-25 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell heat recovering reformer and system |
| JP2006009949A (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-12 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Low-temperature liquefied gas storage tank |
| JP2008256038A (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | Vacuum heat insulating material |
| JP2009251175A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-29 | Canon Inc | Display |
| JP2019044987A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Double-pipe heat insulation furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0826958B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
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