JPH04303869A - Endless belt for intermediate transfer - Google Patents
Endless belt for intermediate transferInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04303869A JPH04303869A JP9305291A JP9305291A JPH04303869A JP H04303869 A JPH04303869 A JP H04303869A JP 9305291 A JP9305291 A JP 9305291A JP 9305291 A JP9305291 A JP 9305291A JP H04303869 A JPH04303869 A JP H04303869A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- intermediate transfer
- endless belt
- toner particles
- belt
- toner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、電子写真複写機等に
おいて、感光体上に形成されたトナー像を、それ自体の
外表面に転写し、これを複写紙に再転写する中間転写無
端ベルトに関するものである。[Industrial Application Field] This invention relates to an intermediate transfer endless belt for transferring a toner image formed on a photoreceptor to its own outer surface and retransferring it to copy paper in an electrophotographic copying machine or the like. It is related to.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】感光体上に形成されたフルカラーのトナ
ー像を、一旦熱可塑性樹脂製の無端ベルトからなる中間
転写無端ベルトの外周面上に転写し、これを複写紙に再
転写するようになつているフルカラー電子写真複写機は
、通常、図４に示すように構成されている。すなわち、
この電子写真複写機は、原稿１の反射光を導く光学装置
２と、この原稿反射光を赤，緑，青の三原色に分解する
フイルタ３と、光導電性を有するベルト状の感光体４と
、現像装置５と、感光体４上に形成されたトナー像を複
写紙６に複写する前にそれ自体の外周面に一旦転写する
中間転写無端ベルト７と、定着装置８とを備えている。
より詳しく述べると、光導電性を有するベルト状の感光
体４の始端側部分近傍には帯電チヤージヤー９が設けら
れており、感光体４の中間部分には３個の現像部５ａ〜
５ｃが設けられている。上記ベルト状の感光体４は、帯
電チヤージヤー９により帯電されたのち、光学装置２か
ら投射される原稿反射光によつて露光され、静電潜像が
その上に形成される。この場合、原稿反射光を感光体４
に投射する光学装置２の投射路には、前記のように、原
稿反射光を赤，緑，青の三原色に分解するフイルタ３が
設けられ、分解された原色光は、そのうちの例えば赤が
最初で、ついで緑というように順番にベルト状の感光体
４上に導かれそれぞれの静電潜像を形成する。現像装置
５は、上記３種類の原色に対応するよう、３個の現像部
５ａ，５ｂ，５ｃを備えており、それぞれ上記分解され
た三原色に対応する３種類の色のトナーを収納している
。そして、上記色分解された光により形成された潜像は
、その色に対応するトナーで着色現像される。すなわち
、上記３種類の色のトナーにより、一色毎に着色トナー
像が形成され、これが一次転写ローラ１０の作用により
、順次中間転写無端ベルト７の外表面に転写され、中間
転写無端ベルト７上でフルカラーのトナー像を形成する
。このように、上記複写機は、一色毎に形成された着色
トナー像を複写紙６に順次転写し、複写紙６上で着色ト
ナー像を形成するのではなく、湿度等で伸縮等をするこ
とのない中間転写無端ベルト７上に、一旦着色トナー像
を形成する。そして、上記トナー像を、用紙カセツト１
１から供給される複写紙６に、二次転写ローラ１２の作
用で再転写する。再転写されたフルカラーのトナー像は
、複写紙６の搬送に伴い定着装置８に送られて定着され
、トナー像の定着のなされた複写紙６は複写機から矢印
のように送出される。１３は搬送ベルトである。[Prior Art] A full-color toner image formed on a photoreceptor is first transferred onto the outer peripheral surface of an intermediate transfer endless belt made of thermoplastic resin, and then transferred again to copy paper. A modern full-color electrophotographic copying machine is normally configured as shown in FIG. That is,
This electrophotographic copying machine includes an optical device 2 that guides light reflected from an original 1, a filter 3 that separates the reflected light from the original into three primary colors of red, green, and blue, and a belt-shaped photoreceptor 4 having photoconductivity. , a developing device 5, an intermediate transfer endless belt 7 that temporarily transfers the toner image formed on the photoreceptor 4 onto its outer peripheral surface before copying it onto copy paper 6, and a fixing device 8. More specifically, a charger 9 is provided near the starting end of the photoconductive belt-shaped photoconductor 4, and three developing sections 5a to 5a are provided in the middle of the photoconductor 4.
5c is provided. After the belt-shaped photoreceptor 4 is charged by the charger 9, it is exposed to light reflected from the original projected from the optical device 2, and an electrostatic latent image is formed thereon. In this case, the reflected light of the original is transferred to the photoreceptor 4.
As described above, the projection path of the optical device 2 is provided with a filter 3 that separates the reflected light from the original into the three primary colors of red, green, and blue. Then, the green light and so on are sequentially guided onto the belt-shaped photoreceptor 4 to form respective electrostatic latent images. The developing device 5 includes three developing sections 5a, 5b, and 5c corresponding to the above three primary colors, each containing toner of three different colors corresponding to the separated three primary colors. . The latent image formed by the color-separated light is colored and developed with toner corresponding to the color. That is, a colored toner image is formed for each color using the above-mentioned three kinds of toners, and this is sequentially transferred onto the outer surface of the intermediate transfer endless belt 7 by the action of the primary transfer roller 10. Forms a full-color toner image. In this way, the above-mentioned copying machine sequentially transfers colored toner images formed for each color onto copy paper 6, and instead of forming colored toner images on copy paper 6, it expands and contracts due to humidity, etc. A colored toner image is once formed on the endless intermediate transfer belt 7. Then, transfer the toner image to paper cassette 1.
The image is retransferred onto copy paper 6 supplied from 1 by the action of a secondary transfer roller 12. The retransferred full-color toner image is sent to a fixing device 8 as the copy paper 6 is transported and is fixed thereon, and the copy paper 6 with the toner image fixed thereon is sent out from the copying machine in the direction of the arrow. 13 is a conveyor belt.
【０００３】0003
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような構造の電子
写真複写機では、中間転写無端ベルト７の外周面に形成
されたフルカラーのトナー像は、複写紙６に再転写され
るのであるが、その残留トナーは中間転写無端ベルト７
上に残存する。この残存トナーは、クリーニング装置１
４（図５参照）に設けられたクリーニングブレード１５
のかき落とし作用によりかき落とされ除去される。これ
によつて中間転写無端ベルト７の外周面では、残存トナ
ーが完全に除去され、次のトナー像の転写を待つように
なる。このように、中間転写無端ベルト７は、その外表
面にフルカラーのトナー像が形成されることから、外表
面は平滑で鏡面状に仕上がつていることが望ましいとさ
れ、通常、上記中間転写無端ベルト７の外周面は鏡面状
に仕上げられている。しかしながら、このような中間転
写無端ベルト７を備えた複写機では、経時的に中間転写
無端ベルト７と駆動ローラとの滑りや緩み等を生じ、そ
れによつて感光体から転写されるフルカラーのトナー像
に歪みや位置ずれ（その結果、フルカラーのトナー像を
構成する各着色像にずれを生じる）等を生じており、こ
の解決が重要な問題となつている。In an electrophotographic copying machine having such a structure, the full-color toner image formed on the outer peripheral surface of the endless intermediate transfer belt 7 is retransferred onto the copy paper 6. The residual toner is removed from the intermediate transfer endless belt 7.
remain on top. This residual toner is removed by the cleaning device 1
4 (see FIG. 5)
It is scraped off and removed by the scraping action of. As a result, the remaining toner is completely removed from the outer circumferential surface of the endless intermediate transfer belt 7, and the belt waits for the transfer of the next toner image. As described above, since a full-color toner image is formed on the outer surface of the intermediate transfer endless belt 7, it is desirable that the outer surface has a smooth and mirror-like finish. The outer peripheral surface of the belt 7 is finished in a mirror finish. However, in a copying machine equipped with such an endless intermediate transfer belt 7, the intermediary endless transfer belt 7 and the drive roller may slip or loosen over time, which may cause the full-color toner image transferred from the photoconductor to deteriorate. Distortion and misalignment (resulting in misalignment of the colored images constituting the full-color toner image) are occurring, and solving these problems has become an important problem.
【０００４】この発明は、このような事情に鑑みなされ
たもので、感光体から転写されるトナー像に歪みを生じ
させたり、位置ずれを生じさせることのない中間転写無
端ベルトの提供をその目的とする。The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an intermediate transfer endless belt that does not cause distortion or positional shift in toner images transferred from a photoreceptor. shall be.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
め、この発明の中間転写無端ベルトは、それ自体の外表
面に転写された感光体のトナー像を複写紙に再転写し、
残存トナー粒子はクリーニングブレードで除去される中
間転写無端ベルトであつて、その外表面が、トナー粒子
の平均粒径の１／２以下の深さを有する無数の凹部の分
布形成により粗面に形成されているという構成をとる。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the intermediate transfer endless belt of the present invention retransfers the toner image of the photoreceptor transferred to the outer surface of itself onto copy paper,
The remaining toner particles are removed by a cleaning blade of the intermediate transfer endless belt, and the outer surface thereof is formed into a rough surface by forming a distribution of countless recesses having a depth of 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of the toner particles. It is structured as follows.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用】本発明者らは、大きな問題となつているトナー
像の歪みや位置ずれ等の解決について一連の研究を重ね
た結果、上記の悪現象は、中間転写無端ベルトと、それ
に接するクリーニングブレードとの接触摩擦に起因する
ことを突き止めた。そこで、これを中心にさらに研究を
重ねた結果、中間転写無端ベルト表面の摩擦係数を小さ
くすると、上記悪現象の発生が防止されるのであり、そ
のため中間転写無端ベルトの外表面を、無数の凹凸の分
布形成により粗面に加工した。しかし、これの粗面度を
余り過度にすると、感光体から転写されるトナー像の品
質（粒度が粗くなる等）が低下する。そこで、本発明者
らは、このトナー像の品質と、摩擦係数の軽減とを調整
し、最も良好な成績を収めうる粗面度を突き止め本発明
に到達した。これにより、本発明の中間転写無端ベルト
は、感光体から転写されるトナー像に歪みや位置ずれを
生じさせず、しかも画像の品質の劣化も生じさせること
がない。[Function] As a result of a series of studies to solve the major problems of toner image distortion and misalignment, the inventors found that the above-mentioned adverse phenomenon was caused by the endless intermediate transfer belt and the cleaning blade in contact with it. It was determined that this was caused by contact friction. Therefore, as a result of further research focusing on this, it was found that reducing the coefficient of friction on the surface of the endless intermediate transfer belt prevents the occurrence of the above-mentioned adverse phenomenon. The surface was processed into a rough surface by forming a distribution of However, if the surface roughness is too excessive, the quality of the toner image transferred from the photoreceptor (eg, grain size becomes coarse) deteriorates. Therefore, the present inventors adjusted the quality of the toner image and the reduction of the coefficient of friction, and found the surface roughness that would give the best results and arrived at the present invention. As a result, the intermediate transfer endless belt of the present invention does not cause distortion or positional shift in the toner image transferred from the photoreceptor, and also does not cause deterioration in image quality.
【０００７】つぎに、実施例について説明する。Next, an example will be explained.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】図１は、この発明の一実施例の中間転写無端
ベルト７ａを示している。この中間転写無端ベルト７ａ
は、図４に示すフルカラーの電子写真複写機に装着され
る。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an intermediate transfer endless belt 7a according to an embodiment of the present invention. This intermediate transfer endless belt 7a
is installed in a full-color electrophotographic copying machine shown in FIG.
【０００９】上記中間転写無端ベルト７ａは、ポリカー
ボネートやポリプロピレン等の熱可塑性樹脂から構成さ
れており、その外表面が、トナー粒子の平均粒径の１／
２以下の深さを有する無数の凹部７ｂの分布形成により
粗面に形成されている。この中間転写無端ベルト７ａに
トナー粒子が付着した状態を図２に示す。Ｂはトナー粒
子である。The intermediate transfer endless belt 7a is made of a thermoplastic resin such as polycarbonate or polypropylene, and its outer surface has a diameter of 1/1 of the average particle diameter of the toner particles.
A rough surface is formed by distributing countless recesses 7b having a depth of 2 or less. FIG. 2 shows a state in which toner particles are attached to this intermediate transfer endless belt 7a. B is a toner particle.
【００１０】上記トナー粒子Ｂの平均粒径は、通常８μ
ｍ程度に設定されており、したがつて、中間転写無端ベ
ルト７ａの外表面に分布形成された凹部７ｂの深さは４
μｍ以下に設定される。この凹部７ｂの深さは、トナー
粒子Ｂの直径の１／２以下に設定されるのであり、その
範囲内において好適なのは、特にトナー粒子Ｂの直径の
１／２〜１／３の範囲内に設定することである。このよ
うな粗面をＪＩＳ Ｂ０６０１にもとづく粗面で表す
と、Ｒｚ４以下となる。なかでも０．５〜２の粗度に設
定することが好適である。このように設定することによ
り、中間転写無端ベルト７ａの外表面とクリーニングブ
レードとの接触摩擦が適正になつて中間転写無端ベルト
に回転むらや部分的なたるみ等が生じなくなり、感光体
から転写されるフルカラーのトナー像に歪みや位置ずれ
が生じなくなる。また、クリーニングブレードによるク
リーニング性は、上記のようにトナー粒子Ｂが中間転写
無端ベルト７ａの外表面から突出した状態となつている
ことから、極めて良好である。The average particle size of the toner particles B is usually 8 μm.
Therefore, the depth of the recesses 7b distributed on the outer surface of the endless intermediate transfer belt 7a is set to about 4 m.
It is set to less than μm. The depth of the recess 7b is set to 1/2 or less of the diameter of the toner particle B, and within this range, a depth of 1/2 to 1/3 of the diameter of the toner particle B is particularly preferable. It is to set. If such a rough surface is expressed as a rough surface based on JIS B0601, it will be Rz4 or less. Among these, it is preferable to set the roughness to 0.5 to 2. With this setting, the contact friction between the outer surface of the intermediate transfer endless belt 7a and the cleaning blade becomes appropriate, and rotational unevenness or partial sag does not occur on the intermediate transfer endless belt, thereby preventing the transfer from the photoreceptor. This eliminates distortion and misalignment of full-color toner images. Further, the cleaning performance by the cleaning blade is extremely good because the toner particles B are in a state of protruding from the outer surface of the endless intermediate transfer belt 7a as described above.
【００１１】上記のような粗面を有する中間転写無端ベ
ルト７ａは、例えば図３に示す装置を用いてつくられる
。すなわち、熱可塑性樹脂成形材料を用い、円筒状に押
出成形された中間転写無端ベルト７ａを、内周面が粗面
に形成された鋼管２０内に略同軸的に収容し、それにヒ
ートロール２１を接触させ、その状態で駆動ロール２２
を回転駆動させ、それに鋼管２０，ベルト７ａ，ヒート
ロール２１をつれ回らせることにより、中間転写無端ベ
ルトの外周面を若干熱溶融させ鋼管２０の粗面を転写す
ることにより、上記ベルト７ａの外周面を粗面に形成す
ることが行われる。また、ヒートロール２１に代えて通
常のロールを用い、熱風吹き付けにより中間転写無端ベ
ルトを加熱し、上記と同様にして粗面化することも可能
である。The intermediate transfer endless belt 7a having a rough surface as described above is manufactured using, for example, the apparatus shown in FIG. That is, an intermediate transfer endless belt 7a extruded into a cylindrical shape using a thermoplastic resin molding material is housed approximately coaxially in a steel pipe 20 whose inner peripheral surface is formed with a rough surface, and a heat roll 21 is placed therein. in contact with the drive roll 22 in that state.
By rotating the steel pipe 20, the belt 7a, and the heat roll 21, the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer endless belt is slightly melted and the rough surface of the steel tube 20 is transferred, thereby changing the outer circumference of the belt 7a. The surface is formed into a rough surface. Further, it is also possible to use a normal roll instead of the heat roll 21, heat the intermediate transfer endless belt by blowing hot air, and roughen the surface in the same manner as described above.
【００１２】つぎに、上記実施例の中間転写無端ベルト
（図１）と、比較例の中間転写無端ベルトとを図４に示
す装置に組み込んで複写した場合における複写画像の状
態を対比して表１に示す。[0012] Next, the state of the copied image when the intermediate transfer endless belt of the above embodiment (FIG. 1) and the intermediate transfer endless belt of the comparative example are installed in the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 and copied is compared and shown. Shown in 1.
【００１３】[0013]
【表１】[Table 1]
【００１４】上記の表から、実施例は比較例よりも優れ
た良好な画像が得られることがわかる。From the table above, it can be seen that the examples provide better images than the comparative examples.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】以上のように、この発明の中間転写無端
ベルトは、外表面がトナー粒子の粒径の１／２以下の深
さを有する無数の凹部の分布により粗面に形成されてい
るため、長期間使用しても中間転写無端ベルトの表面と
クリーニングブレードとの接触摩擦にもとづく中間転写
無端ベルトの緩みや回転むら等が生じず、したがつて、
感光体から転写されるトナー像に歪みや位置ずれが生じ
ない。しかも、クリーニングブレードによる残存トナー
の除去も完全に行われ、残存トナーにもとづく複写画像
の画質低下が生じない。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the intermediate transfer endless belt of the present invention has a rough outer surface with a distribution of countless recesses having a depth of 1/2 or less of the particle diameter of the toner particles. Therefore, even after long-term use, the intermediate transfer endless belt does not loosen or rotate unevenly due to contact friction between the surface of the intermediate transfer endless belt and the cleaning blade.
No distortion or positional shift occurs in the toner image transferred from the photoreceptor. Moreover, the residual toner is completely removed by the cleaning blade, and the image quality of the copied image does not deteriorate due to the residual toner.
【図１】この発明の一実施例の斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】その表面にトナー粒子が付着した状態の説明図
である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which toner particles are attached to the surface thereof.
【図３】図１の中間転写無端ベルトの製造説明図である
。FIG. 3 is a manufacturing explanatory diagram of the intermediate transfer endless belt of FIG. 1;
【図４】この発明の中間転写無端ベルトを組み込んだ複
写機の構成図である。FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a copying machine incorporating the endless intermediate transfer belt of the present invention.
【図５】図４の丸で囲んだ部分Ａの拡大断面図である。FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the encircled portion A in FIG. 4;
７ａ 中間転写無端ベルト ７ｂ 凹部 7a Intermediate transfer endless belt 7b Recessed part
Claims (1)
のトナー像を複写紙に再転写し、残存トナー粒子はクリ
ーニングブレードで除去される中間転写無端ベルトであ
つて、その外表面が、トナー粒子の平均粒径の１／２以
下の深さを有する無数の凹部の分布形成により粗面に形
成されていることを特徴とする中間転写無端ベルト。1. An intermediate transfer endless belt which retransfers the toner image of a photoreceptor transferred onto its outer surface onto copy paper and removes residual toner particles with a cleaning blade, the outer surface of which is An intermediate transfer endless belt characterized by having a rough surface formed by forming a distribution of countless recesses having a depth of 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of toner particles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9305291A JPH04303869A (en) | 1991-03-30 | 1991-03-30 | Endless belt for intermediate transfer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9305291A JPH04303869A (en) | 1991-03-30 | 1991-03-30 | Endless belt for intermediate transfer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04303869A true JPH04303869A (en) | 1992-10-27 |
Family
ID=14071741
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9305291A Pending JPH04303869A (en) | 1991-03-30 | 1991-03-30 | Endless belt for intermediate transfer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04303869A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5530532A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1996-06-25 | Minolta Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus using intermediate transfer member having surface roughness to toner size ratio |
| EP0860751A2 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-08-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| JPH10260594A (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1998-09-29 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Intermediate transfer medium and its production |
| US6355389B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-03-12 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Full color image forming method, and toner and intermediate transfer material for the method |
| US6835520B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2004-12-28 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for forming image |
| JP2012203133A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-22 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Intermediate transfer body and method of manufacturing the same, intermediate transfer body unit, and image forming apparatus |
-
1991
- 1991-03-30 JP JP9305291A patent/JPH04303869A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5530532A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1996-06-25 | Minolta Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus using intermediate transfer member having surface roughness to toner size ratio |
| JPH10260594A (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1998-09-29 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Intermediate transfer medium and its production |
| EP0860751A2 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1998-08-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| EP0860751A3 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-03-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| US5950058A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-09-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| US6355389B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-03-12 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Full color image forming method, and toner and intermediate transfer material for the method |
| US6562538B2 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2003-05-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd | Full color image forming method, and toner and intermediate transfer material for the method |
| US6638676B2 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2003-10-28 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Full color image forming method, and toner and intermediate transfer material for the method |
| US6835520B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2004-12-28 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for forming image |
| JP2012203133A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-22 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Intermediate transfer body and method of manufacturing the same, intermediate transfer body unit, and image forming apparatus |
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