JPH04278929A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04278929A JPH04278929A JP4037391A JP4037391A JPH04278929A JP H04278929 A JPH04278929 A JP H04278929A JP 4037391 A JP4037391 A JP 4037391A JP 4037391 A JP4037391 A JP 4037391A JP H04278929 A JPH04278929 A JP H04278929A
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- display element
- crystal display
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、液晶表示素子に関する
。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】ＴＦＴやＭＩＭ素子を各画素に設けたア
クティブマトリックス型の液晶表示素子は、この数年の
技術進歩で１０〜１５インチといった大型ディスプレイ
も作れるようになり、パソコン端末や壁掛けＴＶへの応
用が期待されている。しかしながら画面の大型化ととも
に、その表示性能に対する不満も大きくなっている。そ
の原因は、主としてこれら液晶表示素子が採用している
ツイステッドネマチック（以下ＴＮと呼ぶ）という液晶
ディスプレイモード自体にある。[Prior Art] Active matrix type liquid crystal display elements, in which TFT or MIM elements are installed in each pixel, have become capable of producing large displays of 10 to 15 inches due to technological advances over the past few years, and are now widely used in personal computer terminals and wall-mounted TVs. is expected to be applied. However, as screens become larger, dissatisfaction with their display performance also increases. The reason for this is mainly the twisted nematic (hereinafter referred to as TN) liquid crystal display mode that these liquid crystal display elements employ.
【０００３】従来のＴＮ型液晶表示素子は、図１に示す
ように、上側偏光板１、液晶セル２、下側偏光板３、液
晶セルの上基板４、下基板５、透明電極６、ネマチック
液晶７で構成される。またその各軸の関係は、図２に示
すように上側偏光板１の偏光軸（吸収軸）方向を１１、
液晶セルの上基板４の液晶配向方向を１２、液晶セルの
下基板５の液晶配向方向を１３、下側偏光板３の偏光軸
方向を１４、１１が１２となす角度を１５、ネマチック
液晶７のねじれ角を１６、１４が１３となす角度を１７
とすると、角度１５と角度１７はそれぞれ約０度あるい
は約９０度に、また角度１６は約９０度に設定されてい
た。A conventional TN type liquid crystal display element, as shown in FIG. 1, includes an upper polarizing plate 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizing plate 3, an upper substrate 4 of the liquid crystal cell, a lower substrate 5, a transparent electrode 6, It is composed of liquid crystal 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the polarization axis (absorption axis) direction of the upper polarizing plate 1 is 11,
The liquid crystal alignment direction of the upper substrate 4 of the liquid crystal cell is 12, the liquid crystal alignment direction of the lower substrate 5 of the liquid crystal cell is 13, the polarization axis direction of the lower polarizing plate 3 is 14, the angle that 11 makes with 12 is 15, and the nematic liquid crystal 7 The twist angle of is 16, and the angle that 14 makes with 13 is 17
In this case, angle 15 and angle 17 were each set to about 0 degrees or about 90 degrees, and angle 16 was set to about 90 degrees.
【０００４】またネマチック液晶７には、一般に逆ツイ
ストドメインの発生防止のために、カイラルドーパント
を添加して一方向にねじれやすくする工夫がなされる。
液晶のセル内でのねじれ角は９０度であるので、液晶の
自発ピッチｐをセルギャップｄの４倍、即ちｄ／ｐ＝０
．２５に設定すれば、液晶のねじれ角と自発ピッチの整
合性が最も良くなる。しかしながら実際には、ｄ／ｐが
大きいほど飽和電圧が高くなってコントラスト比が低下
するため、カイラルドーパントは可能な限り少なく、逆
ツイストドメインが発生しないぎりぎりの量を見極めて
添加される。通常ｐはｄの４０倍即ちｄ／ｐ＝０．０２
５程度にすることが多い。メルク社製の液晶ＺＬＩ−４
４７２の場合、ＢＤＨ社製のカイラルドーパントＣＢ−
１５を０．０７％添加したときｐ＝２００μｍとなって
、ｄ＝５．０μｍのときちょうどｄ／ｐ＝０．０２５と
なる。Furthermore, in order to prevent the occurrence of reverse twist domains, the nematic liquid crystal 7 is generally devised to add a chiral dopant to make it easier to twist in one direction. Since the twist angle of the liquid crystal within the cell is 90 degrees, the spontaneous pitch p of the liquid crystal is set to 4 times the cell gap d, that is, d/p=0.
．． If it is set to 25, the consistency between the twist angle of the liquid crystal and the spontaneous pitch will be the best. However, in reality, the larger the d/p, the higher the saturation voltage and the lower the contrast ratio. Therefore, the amount of chiral dopant is as small as possible, and the amount of the chiral dopant is determined to be as low as possible without causing reverse twist domains. Usually p is 40 times d, i.e. d/p=0.02
It is often around 5. Liquid crystal ZLI-4 manufactured by Merck
In the case of 472, chiral dopant CB- manufactured by BDH
When 0.07% of No. 15 was added, p=200 μm, and when d=5.0 μm, d/p=0.025.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来のＴＮ型液晶表示
素子の特性に対する不満の第一はその視角特性にあった
。従来のＴＮ型液晶表示素子の視角による電圧透過率特
性の変化を図５に示す。図中２０は基板法線方向の特性
を、また２１、２２、２３、２４はそれぞれ上１５度、
上３０度、下１５度、下３０度方向の特性を示している
。なおここでの上下方向は図２の上下方向と一致してお
り、続く１５度、３０度は基板法線方向からの傾き角を
示す。このように従来のＴＮ型液晶は、視角によってそ
の特性が大きく変化する。中でも最も問題になるのは、
コントラストが低下する下方向ではなく、むしろ上方向
である。上方向から観察すると、透過率は電圧上昇に伴
って、いったん極小値をとった後、再び上昇する。
従って中間調を表示した場合、より暗く表示すべきとこ
ろが明るくなる反転現象が生じる。The first complaint about the characteristics of conventional TN type liquid crystal display elements lies in their viewing angle characteristics. FIG. 5 shows changes in voltage transmittance characteristics depending on the viewing angle of a conventional TN type liquid crystal display element. In the figure, 20 indicates the characteristics in the normal direction of the substrate, and 21, 22, 23, and 24 are respectively 15 degrees above.
Characteristics in directions of 30 degrees above, 15 degrees below, and 30 degrees below are shown. Note that the vertical direction here corresponds to the vertical direction in FIG. 2, and the following 15 degrees and 30 degrees indicate inclination angles from the normal direction of the substrate. As described above, the characteristics of the conventional TN liquid crystal vary greatly depending on the viewing angle. The most problematic of these is
It is not the downward direction where the contrast decreases, but rather the upward direction. When observed from above, the transmittance once reaches a minimum value as the voltage increases, and then increases again. Therefore, when displaying halftones, an inversion phenomenon occurs in which areas that should be displayed darker become brighter.
【０００６】本発明はこのような課題を解決するもので
、その目的とするところは、液晶の自発ピッチを、２枚
の液晶セル基板の配向処理方向によって強制されるピッ
チよりも短くすることによって、上方向の中間調の反転
を抑え、視角特性の優れた液晶表示素子を提供するとこ
ろにある。The present invention is intended to solve these problems, and its purpose is to make the spontaneous pitch of the liquid crystal shorter than the pitch forced by the alignment direction of the two liquid crystal cell substrates. , it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element that suppresses inversion of halftones in the upper direction and has excellent viewing angle characteristics.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の液晶表示素子は
、一対の基板間にねじれ配向をしたネマチック液晶を挟
持してなる液晶セルと、これを挟んで両側に配置された
一対の偏光板とを備えた液晶表示素子において、前記液
晶の自発ピッチが、前記２枚の基板の配向処理方向によ
って強制される液晶ピッチよりも短いことを特徴とする
。ｄ／ｐを用いて表現すれば、本発明の液晶表示素子の
ｄ／ｐは、２枚の基板の配向処理方向によって決まるｄ
／ｐ＝（液晶のねじれ角）／２πよりも大きく、より好
ましくは２倍以上大きいことを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] The liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell formed by sandwiching twisted oriented nematic liquid crystal between a pair of substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates disposed on both sides of the cell. The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the spontaneous pitch of the liquid crystal is shorter than the liquid crystal pitch forced by the alignment processing directions of the two substrates. Expressed using d/p, d/p of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is determined by the orientation treatment direction of the two substrates.
It is characterized by being larger than /p=(twist angle of liquid crystal)/2π, more preferably twice or more.
【０００８】また、前記液晶のねじれ角が約９０度であ
り、かつ前記一対の偏光板の偏光軸方向がほぼ直交して
いることを特徴とする。９０度ツイストの場合、前記ｄ
／ｐは、０．２５よりも大きく、より好ましくは０．５
よりも大きいことを特徴とする。[0008] Further, the liquid crystal is characterized in that the twist angle of the liquid crystal is about 90 degrees, and the directions of polarization axes of the pair of polarizing plates are substantially perpendicular to each other. In the case of a 90 degree twist, the above d
/p is greater than 0.25, more preferably 0.5
It is characterized by being larger than.
【０００９】また、前記液晶の基板表面におけるプレチ
ルト角が５度以上であることを特徴とする。これはスト
ライプトドメイン等の配向欠陥無しに、ｄ／ｐを大きく
するために必要な条件である。[0009] Furthermore, the liquid crystal is characterized in that a pretilt angle on the substrate surface is 5 degrees or more. This is a necessary condition for increasing d/p without alignment defects such as striped domains.
【００１０】0010
【実施例】（実施例１）本発明の液晶表示素子は、図１
に示すように、上側偏光板１、液晶セル２、下側偏光板
３、液晶セルの上基板４、下基板５、透明電極６、ネマ
チック液晶７で構成される。またその各軸の関係は、図
２に示すように上側偏光板１の偏光軸（吸収軸）方向を
１１、液晶セルの上基板４の液晶配向方向を１２、液晶
セルの下基板５の液晶配向方向を１３、下側偏光板３の
偏光軸方向を１４、１１が１２となす角度を１５、ネマ
チック液晶７のねじれ角を１６、１４が１３となす角度
を１７とすると、角度１５と角度１７はそれぞれ９０度
に、また角度１６も９０度に設定する。[Example] (Example 1) The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, it is composed of an upper polarizing plate 1, a liquid crystal cell 2, a lower polarizing plate 3, an upper substrate 4 of the liquid crystal cell, a lower substrate 5, a transparent electrode 6, and a nematic liquid crystal 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the polarization axis (absorption axis) direction of the upper polarizing plate 1 is 11, the liquid crystal alignment direction of the upper substrate 4 of the liquid crystal cell is 12, and the liquid crystal Assuming that the alignment direction is 13, the polarization axis direction of the lower polarizing plate 3 is 14, the angle that 11 makes with 12 is 15, the twist angle of the nematic liquid crystal 7 is 16, and the angle that 14 makes with 13 is 17, the angle 15 and the angle 17 are each set to 90 degrees, and angle 16 is also set to 90 degrees.
【００１１】ネマチック液晶７には、メルク社製の液晶
ＺＬＩ−４４７２にＢＤＨ社製のカイラルドーパントＣ
Ｂ−１５を１．４％添加して用いた。その自発ピッチｐ
は９．９μｍ、セルギャップｄは５．０μｍであるので
、ｄ／ｐ＝０．５１である。液晶のねじれ角が９０度で
あるので、基板の液晶配向方向によって強制される液晶
ピッチは２０μｍとなり、本実施例の自発ピッチはこれ
よりも短い。なおｄ／ｐ値が大きく、ストライプトドメ
イン等の配向欠陥が生じやすくなるため、ここでは液晶
に約７度のプレチルト角を与えている。The nematic liquid crystal 7 includes a liquid crystal ZLI-4472 manufactured by Merck and a chiral dopant C manufactured by BDH.
B-15 was added in an amount of 1.4%. Its spontaneous pitch p
is 9.9 μm, and the cell gap d is 5.0 μm, so d/p=0.51. Since the twist angle of the liquid crystal is 90 degrees, the liquid crystal pitch forced by the liquid crystal alignment direction of the substrate is 20 μm, and the spontaneous pitch of this example is shorter than this. Note that since the d/p value is large and alignment defects such as striped domains are likely to occur, a pretilt angle of about 7 degrees is given to the liquid crystal here.
【００１２】実施例１における液晶表示素子の視角によ
る電圧透過率特性の変化を図３に示した。図５と比べる
と、上方向の中間調の反転現象が起こりにくくなってい
る。反面飽和電圧は従来よりも大きく上昇しており、従
来３．０ボルトの電圧印加で１：１００のコントラスト
比が得られたのに対し、本実施例では４．６ボルトを必
要とする。しかしながら、昨今のアクティブ素子の特性
の改良は目ざましく、この程度の電圧印加は比較的容易
になっている。FIG. 3 shows changes in voltage transmittance characteristics depending on the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display element in Example 1. Compared to FIG. 5, the inversion phenomenon of the upper halftones is less likely to occur. On the other hand, the saturation voltage has increased significantly compared to the conventional one, and while a contrast ratio of 1:100 was conventionally obtained by applying a voltage of 3.0 volts, this embodiment requires 4.6 volts. However, recent improvements in the characteristics of active elements have been remarkable, and it has become relatively easy to apply this level of voltage.
【００１３】（実施例２）実施例２における液晶表示素
子の構成、及び各軸の関係ともに実施例１と同様であり
、それぞれ図１、図２に示した。(Example 2) The structure of the liquid crystal display element in Example 2 and the relationship of each axis are the same as in Example 1, and are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.
【００１４】実施例２においては、ネマチック液晶７に
、メルク社製の液晶ＺＬＩ−４４７２にＢＤＨ社製のカ
イラルドーパントＣＢ−１５を０．７％添加して用いた
。その自発ピッチｐは１９．８μｍ、セルギャップｄは
５．０μｍであるので、ｄ／ｐ＝０．２５３である。
本実施例の自発ピッチも、基板の液晶配向方向によって
強制される液晶ピッチ２０μｍよりも短い。なおこの程
度のｄ／ｐ値では、配向欠陥の発生は少ないため、液晶
のプレチルト角は従来通り約１度にした。In Example 2, nematic liquid crystal 7 was prepared by adding 0.7% of chiral dopant CB-15 manufactured by BDH to liquid crystal ZLI-4472 manufactured by Merck. Since the spontaneous pitch p is 19.8 μm and the cell gap d is 5.0 μm, d/p=0.253. The spontaneous pitch of this example is also shorter than the liquid crystal pitch of 20 μm forced by the liquid crystal orientation direction of the substrate. Note that at this level of d/p value, the occurrence of alignment defects is small, so the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal was set to about 1 degree as in the conventional case.
【００１５】実施例２における液晶表示素子の視角によ
る電圧透過率特性の変化を図４に示すが、やはり上方向
の中間調の反転現象が従来よりも少なくなっている。ま
た、１：１００のコントラスト比を得るのに必要な印加
電圧も、４．０ボルトと比較的低い。FIG. 4 shows the change in voltage transmittance characteristics depending on the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display element in Example 2, and as expected, the phenomenon of inversion of the upper halftone is less than in the conventional case. Also, the applied voltage required to obtain a contrast ratio of 1:100 is also relatively low at 4.0 volts.
【００１６】なお以上の実施例においては、上下方向の
視角特性を例にとって述べたが、左右方向についても同
様に中間調の反転現象が起こりにくくなっている。また
液晶のねじれ角が９０度のＴＮ以外にも、ねじれ角が７
０度から１１０度のＴＮ、あるいはねじれ角が１８０度
から２７０度のＳＴＮや、これと二色性染料を組み合わ
せたゲストホストといったモードについても、本発明は
視角特性上顕著な効果を有する。In the above embodiments, the viewing angle characteristics in the vertical direction have been described as an example, but the halftone reversal phenomenon is similarly less likely to occur in the horizontal direction as well. In addition to TN, which has a liquid crystal twist angle of 90 degrees,
The present invention also has remarkable effects on viewing angle characteristics for modes such as TN with a twist angle of 0 degrees to 110 degrees, STN with a twist angle of 180 degrees to 270 degrees, and a guest host mode in which this is combined with a dichroic dye.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように本発明によれば、液晶
の自発ピッチを、２枚の液晶セル基板の配向処理方向に
よって規定されるピッチよりも短くすることによって、
上方向の中間調の反転を抑え、視角特性の優れた液晶表
示素子を提供することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, by making the spontaneous pitch of the liquid crystal shorter than the pitch defined by the alignment processing direction of the two liquid crystal cell substrates,
It is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element that suppresses inversion of halftones in the upper direction and has excellent viewing angle characteristics.
【図１】本発明および従来技術における液晶表示素子の
断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention and the prior art.
【図２】本発明および従来技術における液晶表示素子の
各軸の関係図である。FIG. 2 is a relationship diagram of each axis of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention and the prior art.
【図３】本発明の実施例１における液晶表示素子の、視
角による電気光学特性の変化を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes in electro-optic characteristics depending on viewing angle of the liquid crystal display element in Example 1 of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の実施例２における液晶表示素子の、視
角による電気光学特性の変化を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in electro-optic characteristics depending on viewing angle of a liquid crystal display element in Example 2 of the present invention.
【図５】従来技術における液晶表示素子の、視角による
電気光学特性の変化を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing changes in electro-optic characteristics of a liquid crystal display element according to the prior art depending on the viewing angle.
１ 上側偏光板
２ 液晶セル
３ 下側偏光板
４ 液晶セル２の上基板
５ 液晶セル２の下基板
６ 透明電極
７ ネマチック液晶
１１ 上側偏光板１の偏光軸方向
１２ 液晶セルの上基板４の液晶配向方向１３ 液
晶セルの下基板５の液晶配向方向１４ 下側偏光板３
の偏光軸方向
１５ 上側偏光板の偏光軸方向１１が液晶セルの上基
板の液晶配向方向１２となす角度
１６ ネマチック液晶７のねじれ角
１７ 下側偏光板の偏光軸方向１４が液晶セルの下基
板の液晶配向方向１３となす角度1 Upper polarizing plate 2 Liquid crystal cell 3 Lower polarizing plate 4 Upper substrate 5 of liquid crystal cell 2 Lower substrate 6 of liquid crystal cell 2 Transparent electrode 7 Nematic liquid crystal 11 Polarization axis direction of upper polarizing plate 1 12 Liquid crystal of upper substrate 4 of liquid crystal cell Orientation direction 13 Liquid crystal orientation direction 14 of lower substrate 5 of liquid crystal cell Lower polarizing plate 3
The polarization axis direction 15 of the upper polarizing plate is the angle 16 that the polarization axis direction 11 of the upper polarizing plate makes with the liquid crystal alignment direction 12 of the upper substrate of the liquid crystal cell.The twist angle of the nematic liquid crystal 7 is 17. The polarization axis direction 14 of the lower polarizing plate is the The angle formed with the liquid crystal orientation direction 13 of
Claims (3)
チック液晶を挟持してなる液晶セルと、これを挟んで両
側に配置された一対の偏光板とを備えた液晶表示素子に
おいて、前記液晶の自発ピッチが、前記２枚の基板の配
向処理方向によって強制される液晶ピッチよりも短いこ
とを特徴とする液晶表示素子。1. A liquid crystal display element comprising a liquid crystal cell comprising a twisted oriented nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates disposed on both sides of the cell with the liquid crystal cell sandwiched between the substrates. A liquid crystal display element characterized in that a spontaneous pitch is shorter than a liquid crystal pitch forced by the orientation processing directions of the two substrates.
、かつ前記一対の偏光板の偏光軸方向がほぼ直交してい
ることを特徴とする請求項１記載の液晶表示素子。2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the twist angle of the liquid crystal is about 90 degrees, and the polarization axes of the pair of polarizing plates are substantially perpendicular to each other.
ト角が５度以上であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の
液晶表示素子。3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the pretilt angle at the surface of the liquid crystal substrate is 5 degrees or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4037391A JPH04278929A (en) | 1991-03-07 | 1991-03-07 | Liquid crystal display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4037391A JPH04278929A (en) | 1991-03-07 | 1991-03-07 | Liquid crystal display element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04278929A true JPH04278929A (en) | 1992-10-05 |
Family
ID=12578850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4037391A Pending JPH04278929A (en) | 1991-03-07 | 1991-03-07 | Liquid crystal display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04278929A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002268095A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-18 | Santekku:Kk | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2003043472A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Optrex Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2007193362A (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2007-08-02 | Nec Corp | Method of driving liquid crystal panel |
| US7277140B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2007-10-02 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image shifting device, image display, liquid crystal display, and projection image display |
| JP2008176343A (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-07-31 | Nec Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| US7518582B2 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2009-04-14 | Nec Corporation | Liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal display device, and electronic equipment |
| JP2012168553A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-06 | Nlt Technologies Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
-
1991
- 1991-03-07 JP JP4037391A patent/JPH04278929A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002268095A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-18 | Santekku:Kk | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2003043472A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Optrex Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
| US7277140B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2007-10-02 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image shifting device, image display, liquid crystal display, and projection image display |
| US7518582B2 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2009-04-14 | Nec Corporation | Liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal display device, and electronic equipment |
| JP2007193362A (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2007-08-02 | Nec Corp | Method of driving liquid crystal panel |
| JP2008176343A (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-07-31 | Nec Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| JP2012168553A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-06 | Nlt Technologies Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
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