JPH04251222A - Projection type liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Projection type liquid crystal display device

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Publication number
JPH04251222A
JPH04251222A JP3000940A JP94091A JPH04251222A JP H04251222 A JPH04251222 A JP H04251222A JP 3000940 A JP3000940 A JP 3000940A JP 94091 A JP94091 A JP 94091A JP H04251222 A JPH04251222 A JP H04251222A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
light
crystal display
display device
display
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3000940A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Fumitaka Yajima
矢島章隆
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seiko Epson Corp
Original Assignee
Seiko Epson Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Epson Corp filed Critical Seiko Epson Corp
Priority to JP3000940A priority Critical patent/JPH04251222A/en
Publication of JPH04251222A publication Critical patent/JPH04251222A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain bright projected images having a high contrast ratio by lowering the brightness of a black display without changing the brightness of the white display of the projection type liquid crystal display device. CONSTITUTION:Light absorbers 7 are provided in the liquid crystal display element 100 of a high-polymer dispersion type constituting the projection type display device. The display is a white display and incident light is emitted as it is when an electric field is impressed thereto. The display is a black display at the time of non-electric fields. The light repeats scattering in the liquid crystal 9 and the much scattered light is absorbed by the light absorbers 7, by which the exit light is decreased. The contrast ratio is thereby increased.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】0001

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は光の透過と散乱により表
示を行なう液晶表示素子を用いた投写型液晶表示装置に
関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a projection type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal display element that performs display by transmitting and scattering light.

【0002】0002

【従来の技術】従来、光の透過と散乱を用いた液晶表示
装置として、高分子分散型液晶(PDLC:Polym
er−Dispersed  Liquid Crys
tal)を用いた調光ガラスが実用化されている。これ
は図1に示すように高分子のスポンジ状三次元網目構造
の中に低分子液晶を保持した特殊な膜である。高分子分
散型液晶は、電圧印加にともなって光散乱状態から光透
過状態へと変化するので、この性質を利用して表示装置
としても用いられている。投写型液晶表示装置では光散
乱状態を黒とし光透過状態を白と表示するのが一般的で
あり、偏光板を必要としないので明るさを上げる手段と
して期待されている。
[Prior Art] Conventionally, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) has been used as a liquid crystal display device that uses light transmission and scattering.
er-Dispersed Liquid Crys
Light control glass using tal) has been put into practical use. As shown in Figure 1, this is a special film that holds low-molecular liquid crystals within a spongy three-dimensional polymer network structure. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals change from a light-scattering state to a light-transmitting state as voltage is applied, and this property is used as a display device. Projection type liquid crystal display devices generally display black in a light scattering state and white in a light transmitting state, and because they do not require a polarizing plate, they are expected to be a means of increasing brightness.

【0003】0003

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし前述の従来技術
を投写型表示装置に用いた場合、黒表示の散乱光を投写
レンズで呑込んでしまうためコントラスト比が低くなっ
てしまう。またコントラスト比を高くするには投写レン
ズのF値を大きくとり、呑込み角を小さくすれば良いが
画像が暗くなってしまう。
However, when the above-mentioned prior art is used in a projection type display device, the contrast ratio becomes low because the scattered light of black display is swallowed by the projection lens. Further, in order to increase the contrast ratio, the F value of the projection lens can be increased and the swallowing angle can be decreased, but the image becomes dark.

【0004】そこで本発明はこのような問題点を解決す
るもので、その目的とするところはコントラスト比が高
く、明るい表示が可能な投写型液晶表示装置を提供する
ところにある。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to solve these problems, and its object is to provide a projection type liquid crystal display device that has a high contrast ratio and is capable of bright display.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の投写型液晶表示
装置は光の透過もしくは散乱により表示を行なう液晶表
示素子を用いた投写型液晶表示装置において、前記液晶
表示素子は有効表示部分以外を厚みを有する光吸収体で
構成したことを特徴とする。
[Means for Solving the Problems] A projection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a projection type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal display element that performs display by transmitting or scattering light, in which the liquid crystal display element has an area other than an effective display area. It is characterized by being made of a thick light absorber.

【0006】[0006]

【実施例】(実施例1)以下本発明の一実施例を図面に
したがって説明する。
[Embodiment] (Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【0007】図1は本発明の投写型表示装置の液晶表示
素子100の断面図である。液晶表示素子100に、ア
クティブマトリクス型でスイッチング素子としてTFT
(Thin Film Transistor)を用い
た液晶パネルを用いている。TFT基板1上に、TFT
2と信号線及び走査線からなる配線3及び画素電極4が
構成され、対向基板5上に対向電極6と光吸収体7が構
成される。そしてこの2枚の基板に高分子分散型液晶8
が挟まれて配置される。高分子分散型液晶8は液晶9及
びスポンジ状高分子10からなり、本実施例ではネマチ
ック液晶及びPMMA(ポリメチルメタクリレート)を
用いた。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element 100 of a projection type display device according to the present invention. The liquid crystal display element 100 includes an active matrix type TFT as a switching element.
(Thin Film Transistor) is used. On the TFT substrate 1, the TFT
2, a wiring 3 consisting of a signal line and a scanning line, and a pixel electrode 4 are formed, and a counter electrode 6 and a light absorber 7 are formed on a counter substrate 5. Polymer dispersed liquid crystal 8 is attached to these two substrates.
are placed between them. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal 8 consists of a liquid crystal 9 and a sponge-like polymer 10, and in this example, nematic liquid crystal and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) were used.

【0008】図2は液晶素子100の透視図で、光吸収
体7は信号線11と走査線12及びTFT2を覆うよう
に配置され、有効表示部分の画素電極4部分のみ光を透
過させる。なぜなら、通常TFT2は光が照射されると
リークを起こし性能が劣化するので、対向基板5側から
光を入射させ、TFT2に光が入射しないようにしてい
る。また配線3の部分には電界がかかり不必要な表示を
行なうため、同様に遮光する。
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the liquid crystal element 100, in which the light absorber 7 is arranged to cover the signal line 11, the scanning line 12, and the TFT 2, and allows light to pass through only the pixel electrode 4 portion of the effective display area. This is because normally when the TFT 2 is irradiated with light, leakage occurs and the performance deteriorates, so light is made to enter from the opposing substrate 5 side to prevent light from entering the TFT 2. Further, since an electric field is applied to the wiring 3 and unnecessary display is performed, the wiring 3 is similarly shielded from light.

【0009】対向基板5側から液晶素子100に入射し
た光は、画素電極4と対向電極6間において、電圧印加
部では透過し、電圧を印加しない部分では散乱する。ま
た光吸収体7においては吸収される。ここで光吸収体7
はPrMnO3 を用いた。光吸収体7は液晶素子10
0内部の散乱光を吸収すればよく、逆に入射光を吸収す
ると発熱等の問題が起こるためクロム等の反射金属に積
層するほうがよい。また光を吸収する物質であれば何で
もよく、例えばフルカラー液晶表示装置のカラーフィル
ターと同様な作成方法をとり、フィルターを黒色とすれ
ば良い。。
Light incident on the liquid crystal element 100 from the side of the counter substrate 5 is transmitted between the pixel electrode 4 and the counter electrode 6 in the voltage applied portion, and is scattered in the portion to which no voltage is applied. The light is also absorbed in the light absorber 7. Here, the light absorber 7
used PrMnO3. The light absorber 7 is a liquid crystal element 10
It is sufficient to absorb the scattered light inside the 0. Conversely, absorbing incident light causes problems such as heat generation, so it is better to laminate it on a reflective metal such as chromium. Further, any material may be used as long as it absorbs light. For example, the filter may be made black by using the same manufacturing method as the color filter of a full-color liquid crystal display device. .

【0010】この高分子分散型液晶8はスポンジ状高分
子10の内部に不連続な状態で液晶9が存在し、その基
本動作は、例えば日経エレクトロニクス1990年6月
11日号102頁に示されるように粒状の液晶9の屈折
率をスポンジ状高分子10に合わせておく。すると電圧
が印加されないときは、界面に沿って液晶分子が配向し
光の入射方向の屈折率が異なるため、反射を繰り返し光
は散乱する。また電圧が印加されるときは、液晶分子が
光の入射方向に配向し屈折率が等しくなるため光が透過
する。
In this polymer dispersed liquid crystal 8, the liquid crystal 9 exists in a discontinuous state inside a sponge-like polymer 10, and its basic operation is shown, for example, in Nikkei Electronics June 11, 1990 issue, page 102. The refractive index of the granular liquid crystal 9 is matched to that of the sponge-like polymer 10 as shown in FIG. Then, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the interface and the refractive index in the direction of light incidence is different, so the light is repeatedly reflected and scattered. Furthermore, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the direction of light incidence and the refractive index becomes equal, allowing light to pass through.

【0011】また高分子分散型液晶8はPNLC(Po
lymer−Network  Liquid Cry
stal)で置き換えてもよい。これは液晶層に高分子
のネットワークを組んだ構造で、液晶9が連続な状態で
存在し、液晶分子配向の不規則性を利用する。電圧印加
しない状態では液晶分子の配向が不規則なため光は散乱
し、電圧印加状態では配向が均一となり光は透過する。
Further, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal 8 is a PNLC (Po
lymer-Network Liquid Cry
stal). This has a structure in which a polymer network is assembled in the liquid crystal layer, in which the liquid crystal 9 exists in a continuous state and takes advantage of the irregular orientation of liquid crystal molecules. When no voltage is applied, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is irregular and light is scattered, while when a voltage is applied, the alignment is uniform and light is transmitted.

【0012】図3は光の散乱状態の概念を示す液晶素子
100の拡大図である。TFT基板1の画素電極4と、
対向基板5の対向電極6の間には電界が印加されない状
態で、入射した光は粒状の液晶9で散乱し、その散乱光
は他の粒状の液晶9で再び散乱し、というように散乱を
繰り返し出射側に到達する。このとき散乱を繰り返す光
のうち多くの光は光吸収体7に入射することになり、そ
こで吸収される。そのため液晶素子100の出射側の光
度分布は破線で示すようになり、光吸収体7の無い場合
の一点鎖線で示される光度分布に比べて小さくなる。す
ると散乱状態において、図4の投写レンズ14のF値に
より定まる呑込み角θに対して呑込まれる光量が小さく
なるため、スクリーン15上での黒レベルが低下する。 また透過状態においては、白レベルが変わらないのでコ
ントラスト比が高くなる。
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the liquid crystal element 100 showing the concept of light scattering state. a pixel electrode 4 of a TFT substrate 1;
When no electric field is applied between the opposing electrodes 6 of the opposing substrate 5, the incident light is scattered by the granular liquid crystals 9, the scattered light is again scattered by other granular liquid crystals 9, and so on. Reach the exit side repeatedly. At this time, much of the repeatedly scattered light enters the light absorber 7 and is absorbed there. Therefore, the luminous intensity distribution on the output side of the liquid crystal element 100 becomes as shown by the broken line, which is smaller than the luminous intensity distribution shown by the dashed-dotted line when the light absorber 7 is not provided. Then, in the scattering state, the amount of absorbed light becomes smaller with respect to the swallowing angle θ determined by the F value of the projection lens 14 in FIG. 4, so the black level on the screen 15 decreases. Furthermore, in the transmission state, the white level remains unchanged, so the contrast ratio increases.

【0013】この現象は画素のピッチが小さくなればな
るほど、光吸収体7の散乱光を吸収する能力が高まるた
め、ハイビジョン対応やさらに高精細になると有利であ
る。さらに一つの画素と一つの画素が光吸収体7により
遮られることになるため、他の画素に影響を与えるクロ
ストークの減少にも効果が大きい。
[0013] This phenomenon is advantageous for high-definition applications and higher definition, because the smaller the pixel pitch, the higher the ability of the light absorber 7 to absorb scattered light. Furthermore, since one pixel is blocked by the light absorber 7, it is highly effective in reducing crosstalk that affects other pixels.

【0014】図4は本発明の概念を示す構成図である。 投写光源13と液晶表示素子100と投写レンズ14か
ら構成される。投写光源13から出射した光が液晶表示
素子100において変調され、投写レンズ14でスクリ
ーン15上に拡大投写される。光線図は投写レンズ14
の呑込み角を説明するものであって、液晶表示素子10
0のあるポイントから出る光は、投写レンズ14のF値
で決まる呑込み角に含まれる光のみがスクリーン15上
に表れる。黒レベルを下げ、コントラスト比を高めるた
めには、この呑込み角を小さくすれば図3の散乱光をス
クリーン15上に表示しない。しかし白表示の光量も減
ってしまい明るい表示ができない。また投写光源13の
平行性を高めれば良いが、点光源が無いため効率よく集
光できないので結局暗くなってしまう。
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the concept of the present invention. It is composed of a projection light source 13, a liquid crystal display element 100, and a projection lens 14. Light emitted from the projection light source 13 is modulated by the liquid crystal display element 100, and is enlarged and projected onto the screen 15 by the projection lens 14. The ray diagram shows the projection lens 14.
This is to explain the swallowing angle of the liquid crystal display element 10.
Of the light emitted from a certain point of 0, only the light included in the swallowing angle determined by the F value of the projection lens 14 appears on the screen 15. In order to lower the black level and increase the contrast ratio, the scattered light shown in FIG. 3 is not displayed on the screen 15 by reducing this swallowing angle. However, the amount of light for white display also decreases, making it impossible to provide a bright display. Furthermore, although it would be better to improve the parallelism of the projection light source 13, since there is no point light source, the light cannot be efficiently collected, resulting in darkness.

【0015】図5は本発明の投写型投写型表示装置の構
成図である。基本的には図4と同様であるが、三枚の液
晶表示素子100を用いている。投写光源13の光を色
分離系16において三原色に分離し、それぞれの色ごと
に三枚の液晶表示素子100で変調し、再び色合成系1
7によりフルカラーに合成され、投写レンズ14により
拡大投写され、スクリーン15上に画像表示が行われる
。色分離系16及び色合成系17はそれぞれ二枚のダイ
クロイックミラーと反射ミラーから構成されており、波
長特性は任意に決めることができる。
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a projection type display device according to the present invention. Although it is basically the same as FIG. 4, three liquid crystal display elements 100 are used. The light from the projection light source 13 is separated into three primary colors in the color separation system 16, and each color is modulated by three liquid crystal display elements 100, and then the light is sent to the color synthesis system 1 again.
7, the images are combined in full color, enlarged and projected by the projection lens 14, and displayed as an image on the screen 15. The color separation system 16 and the color synthesis system 17 each include two dichroic mirrors and a reflection mirror, and the wavelength characteristics can be arbitrarily determined.

【0016】なお、液晶表示素子100はTFT2によ
る駆動に限らず、MIM方式や時分割駆動等のマトリク
スアドレス駆動方式に有効で、光や熱によるアドレス駆
動方式にも有効であることを付け加えておく。
It should be noted that the liquid crystal display element 100 is effective not only for driving by the TFT 2 but also for matrix address driving methods such as the MIM method and time division driving, and is also effective for address driving methods using light or heat. .

【0017】(実施例2)図6は本発明の他の実施例を
示す投写型表示装置の液晶表示素子100の断面図であ
る。構成は実施例1と同様で、TFT2、配線3及び画
素電極4を構成したTFT基板1と、対向電極6を構成
した対向基板5の間に液晶9及びスポンジ状高分子10
からなる高分子分散型液晶8が保持される。ここで光吸
収体7はTFT基板1と対向基板5の均一な間隙を保つ
ためのスペーサーとしての機能を合わせ持つ。液晶表示
装置100の面内で厚みがバラつくと、コントラスト比
のムラや、明るさのムラが表れ、図5のようなフルカラ
ーの投写型表示装置を構成した場合色ムラとなり画質を
著しく劣化させる。そのためこの光吸収体7は高画質化
に対して多大な効果を持つ。
(Embodiment 2) FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element 100 of a projection type display device showing another embodiment of the present invention. The configuration is the same as in Example 1, with a liquid crystal 9 and a sponge-like polymer 10 placed between a TFT substrate 1 that includes a TFT 2, wiring 3, and a pixel electrode 4, and a counter substrate 5 that includes a counter electrode 6.
A polymer dispersed liquid crystal 8 consisting of the following is held. Here, the light absorber 7 also functions as a spacer for maintaining a uniform gap between the TFT substrate 1 and the counter substrate 5. If the thickness varies within the plane of the liquid crystal display device 100, uneven contrast ratio and uneven brightness will appear, and when a full-color projection display device as shown in FIG. 5 is configured, color unevenness will occur and the image quality will deteriorate significantly. . Therefore, this light absorber 7 has a great effect on improving image quality.

【0018】スペーサーの機能を果たすために、材質は
硬度のある絶縁体がよい。一般にはガラス球やプラスチ
ック球が用いられており、光を吸収するように顔料や染
料で黒色に染色すればよい。
[0018] In order to perform the function of a spacer, the material is preferably a hard insulator. Generally, glass or plastic bulbs are used, and can be dyed black with pigments or dyes to absorb light.

【0019】[0019]

【発明の効果】以上述べたように本発明によれば、投写
型表示装置において高分子分散型液晶を用いた液晶表示
素子の有効表示部分以外を光吸収体で構成したことによ
り、TFT素子の性能を確保した上で、散乱光を吸収し
コントラスト比の高い画像表示を行えるという効果を有
する。また偏光板が不要となり、投写レンズの飲み込み
角を絞る必要もなくなるため非常に明るい画像表示が行
える。
As described above, according to the present invention, in a projection display device, the area other than the effective display portion of the liquid crystal display element using polymer dispersed liquid crystal is constructed with a light absorber. It has the effect of absorbing scattered light and displaying images with a high contrast ratio while ensuring performance. Furthermore, since a polarizing plate is not required and there is no need to narrow down the swallowing angle of the projection lens, extremely bright images can be displayed.

【0020】さらには、ハイビジョン等の高精細な画像
の場合、画素ピッチが小さくなり、有効表示部分に比べ
て光吸収体の割合が大きくなるため、散乱光をさらに効
率よく吸収することができ、上述した効果はさらに顕著
となる。
Furthermore, in the case of high-definition images such as high-definition images, the pixel pitch becomes smaller and the proportion of the light absorber becomes larger compared to the effective display area, so scattered light can be absorbed more efficiently. The above-mentioned effect becomes even more remarkable.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

【図1】本発明の投写型表示装置を構成する液晶表示素
子の一実施例を示す断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of a liquid crystal display element constituting a projection display device of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の投写型表示装置を構成する液晶表示素
子の一実施例を示す透視図である。
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a liquid crystal display element constituting the projection display device of the present invention.

【図3】本発明の投写型表示装置を構成する液晶表示素
子を通過する光のふるまいを示した概念図である。
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the behavior of light passing through a liquid crystal display element constituting the projection display device of the present invention.

【図4】本発明の投写型表示装置の概念を示す構成図で
ある。
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing the concept of a projection display device of the present invention.

【図5】本発明の投写型表示装置を液晶表示素子を三枚
用いて、フルカラーとした場合の構成図である。
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention in full color using three liquid crystal display elements.

【図6】本発明の投写型表示装置を構成する液晶表示素
子の他の実施例を示す断面図である。
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of a liquid crystal display element constituting the projection display device of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1・・・TFT基板 2・・・TFT 3・・・配線 4・・・画素電極 5・・・対向基板 6・・・対向電極 7・・・光吸収体 8・・・高分子分散型液晶 9・・・液晶 10・・スポンジ状高分子 11・・信号線 12・・走査線 13・・投写光源 14・・投写レンズ 15・・スクリーン 16・・色分離系 17・・色合成系 1...TFT substrate 2...TFT 3...Wiring 4... Pixel electrode 5... Opposite board 6...Counter electrode 7...Light absorber 8...Polymer dispersed liquid crystal 9...LCD 10... Sponge-like polymer 11...Signal line 12...Scanning line 13...Projection light source 14...Projection lens 15...Screen 16...Color separation system 17...Color synthesis system

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】  光の透過もしくは散乱により表示を行
なう液晶表示素子を用いた投写型液晶表示装置において
、前記液晶表示素子は有効表示部分以外を厚みを有する
光吸収体で構成したことを特徴とする投写型液晶表示装
置。
1. A projection type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal display element that performs display by transmitting or scattering light, characterized in that the liquid crystal display element is constructed of a thick light absorber except for the effective display portion. A projection type liquid crystal display device.
JP3000940A 1991-01-09 1991-01-09 Projection type liquid crystal display device Pending JPH04251222A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3000940A JPH04251222A (en) 1991-01-09 1991-01-09 Projection type liquid crystal display device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3000940A JPH04251222A (en) 1991-01-09 1991-01-09 Projection type liquid crystal display device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04251222A true JPH04251222A (en) 1992-09-07

Family

ID=11487673

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3000940A Pending JPH04251222A (en) 1991-01-09 1991-01-09 Projection type liquid crystal display device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH04251222A (en)

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