JPH0424547B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0424547B2 JPH0424547B2 JP57023986A JP2398682A JPH0424547B2 JP H0424547 B2 JPH0424547 B2 JP H0424547B2 JP 57023986 A JP57023986 A JP 57023986A JP 2398682 A JP2398682 A JP 2398682A JP H0424547 B2 JPH0424547 B2 JP H0424547B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- nozzle hole
- nozzle
- slits
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219122 Cucurbita Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/184—Discharge orifices having non circular sections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明はデイーゼル機関に装着され、燃料を燃
焼室に噴射する燃料噴射ノズルの改良に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an improvement in a fuel injection nozzle that is installed in a diesel engine and injects fuel into a combustion chamber.
［従来の技術］
第１図は、従来のデイーゼル機関に装着される
燃料噴射ノズル１の構造を示す一部破断による側
面図であり、前記燃料噴射ノズルはそのノズルナ
ツト９をもつて２点鎖線で示すデイーゼル機関の
シリンダヘツド２に噴孔部３が燃焼室４に臨むよ
うに装着されていて、燃料噴霧ｆを前記燃焼室４
に噴射するように構成されている。[Prior Art] FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing the structure of a fuel injection nozzle 1 installed in a conventional diesel engine. The cylinder head 2 of the diesel engine shown in FIG.
It is configured to inject.
この種の燃料噴射ノズル１では針弁５を摺動自
在に嵌装したノズル本体６は、噴孔７が形成され
ている噴孔部３まで一体に耐熱鋼により構成さ
れ、そしてこの噴孔７は加工の容易さから、第２
図に示すようにその形状７ｓを円形とする場合が
ほとんどであつた。 In this type of fuel injection nozzle 1, the nozzle body 6 into which the needle valve 5 is slidably fitted is integrally made of heat-resistant steel up to the nozzle hole portion 3 in which the nozzle hole 7 is formed. is the second type due to ease of processing.
As shown in the figure, in most cases the shape 7s was circular.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
従つて、噴孔７から燃焼室４内に噴射された燃
料噴霧ｆの表面積が少ないのでその中心部の燃料
噴霧が濃く、外周部が薄くなり、燃焼室４内の空
気流との均一化された混合が得られず、円滑な燃
焼が得られていないという欠点があつた。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Therefore, since the surface area of the fuel spray f injected into the combustion chamber 4 from the nozzle hole 7 is small, the fuel spray is dense at the center and thin at the outer periphery. The drawback was that homogeneous mixing with the airflow within the combustion chamber could not be achieved, and smooth combustion could not be achieved.
また、前記欠点を解消するために噴孔を直線状
のスリツトで構成し、燃料噴霧ｆを板状に噴射し
て空気との接触面積を大きくするように構成した
ノズルが提案されている。ところで、機関のよう
に極く短時間に燃焼を完結させる必要がある場合
には燃料の自由噴流だけでは空気との混合が充分
得られない。したがつて燃焼室内で吸気によるス
ワールを発生させ、該気流に燃料を吹き付けて急
速に混合させていることは周知である。したがつ
て、前記の直線状スリツトから噴射される厚みの
なり燃料噴霧は、腰が弱くてスワールによつて中
央部で分断され易く、この分断された個所は燃料
噴霧が不連続となつて燃焼が遅れ、その結果燃焼
効率が低下する欠点があつた。 Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, a nozzle has been proposed in which the nozzle hole is constructed with a linear slit and the fuel spray f is injected in a plate shape to increase the contact area with the air. By the way, when combustion needs to be completed in an extremely short period of time, such as in an engine, sufficient mixing with air cannot be achieved with just a free jet of fuel. Therefore, it is well known that a swirl is generated by intake air in a combustion chamber, and fuel is sprayed into the airflow to rapidly mix it. Therefore, the thick fuel spray injected from the linear slit is weak and tends to be divided in the center by the swirl, and at this divided point the fuel spray becomes discontinuous and burns. This has the disadvantage that combustion efficiency is reduced as a result.
更に、噴孔を直線状に形成したノズルの場合に
は、必要な燃料噴霧量を得るためにスリツトを長
くしなければならず、余りこのスリツトが長くな
るとノズル先端部の強度が低下すると共に、噴孔
を配置する上でスペース的な制約を受けるという
欠点があつた。 Furthermore, in the case of a nozzle with a straight nozzle hole, the slit must be made long to obtain the required amount of fuel spray, and if the slit becomes too long, the strength of the nozzle tip decreases, and The disadvantage was that there were space constraints when arranging the nozzle holes.
その他前記円形噴孔とスリツト噴孔とを組み合
わせて互いの欠点を補完させるようにした先行技
術がある。例えば実開昭54−179320号公報の考案
は、スリツトの両端を円形状に広げて所定のスリ
ツト長さによつて所定噴射量を確保し、しかも一
文字型スリツトよりも広い領域に方向性を持つた
状態で燃料を分散させることができる。 There is other prior art in which the circular nozzle hole and the slit nozzle hole are combined to compensate for each other's deficiencies. For example, the idea disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 54-179320 widens both ends of the slit into a circular shape to ensure a predetermined injection amount with a predetermined length of the slit, and has directionality over a wider area than a single-letter-shaped slit. The fuel can be dispersed in the same state.
しかしながら、前記公報の先行技術は、前記説
明から理解されるように上記一文字型のスリツト
が主体となると１方向のみの腰の弱い噴霧とな
り、円形部分を主体とすれば空気との接触面積の
増加が少なくなるという問題があり、なお改善の
必要が認められる。また前記公報には、前記スリ
ツト方向を、ピストン軸に対し傾斜させて、燃焼
室のより広い範囲に燃料を分散できるように配置
することが示されている。したがつて、ピストン
側よりもシリンダヘツド側に燃料を多く供給し
て、燃焼状態を改善するなどの要求を満たすこと
ができないという問題がある。 However, as can be understood from the above explanation, in the prior art of the above-mentioned publication, if the single-letter-shaped slit is the main part, the spray will be weak in only one direction, and if the main part is the circular part, the contact area with the air will increase. However, there is a problem that the amount of energy decreases, and there is still a need for improvement. Furthermore, the above-mentioned publication discloses that the slit is arranged so that the direction of the slit is inclined with respect to the piston axis so that the fuel can be dispersed over a wider range of the combustion chamber. Therefore, there is a problem in that it is not possible to satisfy the demand for improving combustion conditions by supplying more fuel to the cylinder head side than to the piston side.
また特開昭56−106062号公報の発明は、前記ス
リツト状の噴孔のほか楕円形、瓢箪形などの異形
形状の噴孔としたものである。しかしながらこの
公報の先行技術も前記と同様に、楕円形、瓢箪形
のいずれの形状の噴孔も腰の強い噴霧と空気との
接触面積とを両立させることが困難であり、なお
改善の必要が認められる。しかもこの先行技術の
噴孔は、いずれも楕円又は円形を横並び状に配置
した形状をしているので、前記と同様に燃料分散
状態を改善するための噴孔配置を選ぶ自由度に乏
しいという問題がある。 Furthermore, the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-106062 provides injection holes having irregular shapes such as elliptical shapes and gourd shapes in addition to the slit-shaped nozzle holes. However, in the prior art of this publication, as mentioned above, it is difficult to achieve both a strong spray and a contact area with air using either oval or gourd-shaped nozzle holes, and there is still a need for improvement. Is recognized. Moreover, since the nozzle holes of this prior art are all shaped like ellipses or circles arranged side by side, there is the same problem as above that there is a lack of freedom in choosing the nozzle hole arrangement to improve the fuel dispersion state. There is.
このように前記各先行技術による噴孔は、均
一、且つ分断されない燃料混合気を極く短時間に
得ることが困難であり、燃焼速度を向上させ、ま
た機関の出力を向上させることを困難にしてい
る。 As described above, with the injection holes according to each of the above-mentioned prior art techniques, it is difficult to obtain a uniform and undivided fuel mixture in a very short period of time, making it difficult to improve the combustion rate and the output of the engine. ing.
本発明は、以上の問題に着目して成されたもの
であり、燃料噴射ノズル本体の噴孔部をセラミツ
ク製としたことにより、噴孔部の焼結前の成形時
において噴孔中心から半径方向にＹ字状に伸延す
る３つのスリツトからなる噴孔を容易に成形する
ことができるとともに、断熱性、耐久性が向上
し、針弁の焼付き、噴孔の詰り、弁座部の過度の
摩耗が防止され、また、前記噴孔をＹ字状に伸延
させることにより、空気との接触面積が増大しか
つ前記噴孔からの各噴霧間に略均等な空気層を得
て、各噴霧と空気との混合が迅速かつ均一に行わ
れるようになし、さらに、前記噴孔の前記３つの
スリツトのうち、２つのスリツトは燃焼室上部に
向けて燃料を噴射するようになり、残りのスリツ
トは燃焼室下部に向けて燃料を噴射するようにし
たことにより、前記２つのスリツトからの燃料は
流入空気量の大となる燃焼室上部に向けて噴射さ
れ、かつ前記残りのスリツトからの燃料は流入空
気量の少ない燃焼室下部に向けて噴射されるよう
になり、燃焼室上部と燃焼室下部とにおいて夫々
流入空気量の割合に応じて燃料と空気との混合が
適切に行われ、デイーゼル機関の燃焼効率を向上
させるデイーゼル機関用燃料噴射ノズルを提供す
ることを目的としている。 The present invention has been made by focusing on the above problem, and by making the nozzle hole part of the fuel injection nozzle body made of ceramic, the radius from the center of the nozzle hole can be reduced during molding before sintering of the nozzle hole part. It is possible to easily form a nozzle hole consisting of three slits extending in a Y-shape in the direction, and the insulation and durability are improved, preventing seizure of the needle valve, clogging of the nozzle hole, and excessive valve seat. In addition, by extending the nozzle hole in a Y-shape, the contact area with air is increased and a substantially uniform air layer is obtained between each spray from the nozzle hole, so that each spray Furthermore, among the three slits of the nozzle hole, two of the slits inject the fuel toward the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the remaining slits inject the fuel toward the upper part of the combustion chamber. By injecting fuel toward the bottom of the combustion chamber, the fuel from the two slits is injected toward the top of the combustion chamber, where the amount of incoming air is large, and the fuel from the remaining slits is Fuel is now injected towards the lower part of the combustion chamber where the amount of incoming air is small, and the mixture of fuel and air is properly done in the upper part of the combustion chamber and the lower part of the combustion chamber according to the ratio of the amount of incoming air, respectively, and the diesel engine The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection nozzle for diesel engines that improves the combustion efficiency of diesel engines.
［課題を解決するための手段］
前記目的を達成するために本発明のデイーゼル
機関用燃料噴射ノズルは、ノズル本体のセラミツ
ク製噴孔部の先端部に、噴孔中心から半径方向に
Ｙ字状に伸延された３つのスリツトからなる噴孔
を設け、前記３つのスリツトのうち、２つのスリ
ツトは燃焼室上部に向けて燃料を噴射するように
してなり、残りのスリツトは燃焼室下部に向けて
燃料を噴射するようにしてなるものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the fuel injection nozzle for a diesel engine of the present invention has a Y-shape extending radially from the center of the nozzle hole at the tip of the ceramic nozzle hole portion of the nozzle body. A nozzle hole consisting of three slits extending from above is provided, and two of the three slits inject fuel toward the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the remaining slits inject fuel toward the lower part of the combustion chamber. It is designed to inject fuel.
［作 用］
前記構成を有する本発明のデイーゼル機関用燃
料噴射ノズルの作用は、次の通りである。[Function] The function of the diesel engine fuel injection nozzle of the present invention having the above configuration is as follows.
即ち、前記ノズル本体の噴孔部をセラミツク製
としたことにより、噴孔部の焼結前の成形時にお
いて前記噴孔中心から半径方向にＹ字状に伸延す
る３つのスリツトからなる噴孔を容易に成形する
ことができるとともに、断熱性、耐久性が向上
し、針弁の焼付き、噴孔の詰り、弁座部の過度の
摩耗が防止される。 That is, by making the nozzle hole part of the nozzle body made of ceramic, the nozzle hole is made of three slits extending in a Y-shape in the radial direction from the center of the nozzle hole when the nozzle hole part is molded before sintering. It can be easily molded, has improved heat insulation and durability, and prevents seizure of the needle valve, clogging of the nozzle hole, and excessive wear of the valve seat.
また、前記噴孔部の先端部に、噴孔中心から半
径方向にＹ字状に伸延された３つのスリツトから
なる噴孔を設けたことにより、噴射された燃料の
空気との接触面積が増大しかつ前記各スリツトか
らの噴霧燃料間には略均等の空気層が得られるた
め、燃料と空気との混合が迅速かつ均一に行われ
る。 In addition, by providing a nozzle hole consisting of three slits extending radially in a Y-shape from the center of the nozzle hole at the tip of the nozzle hole, the contact area of the injected fuel with the air is increased. Moreover, since a substantially uniform air layer is obtained between the sprayed fuel from each of the slits, the fuel and air are mixed quickly and uniformly.
さらに、前記噴孔の前記３つのスリツトのう
ち、２つのスリツトは燃焼室上部に向けて燃料を
噴射するようになり、残りのスリツトは燃焼室下
部に向けて燃料を噴射するようにしたことによ
り、前記２つのスリツトからの燃料は流入空気量
の大となる燃焼室上部に向けて噴射され、かつ前
記残りのスリツトからの燃料は流入空気量の少な
い燃焼室下部に向けて噴射されるので、燃焼室上
部と燃焼室下部とにおいて夫々流入空気量の割合
に応じて燃料と空気との混合が適切に行われる。 Furthermore, among the three slits of the nozzle hole, two slits inject fuel towards the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the remaining slits inject fuel towards the lower part of the combustion chamber. , the fuel from the two slits is injected towards the upper part of the combustion chamber where the amount of incoming air is large, and the fuel from the remaining slits is injected towards the lower part of the combustion chamber where the amount of incoming air is small. The fuel and air are appropriately mixed in the upper part of the combustion chamber and the lower part of the combustion chamber depending on the ratio of the amount of incoming air.
［実施例］
以下、図面を参照して本発明のデイーゼル機関
用燃料噴射ノズルの実施例を説明する。[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the fuel injection nozzle for a diesel engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
本発明においては燃料噴射ノズル１０のノズル
本体６の噴孔部３０をセラミツク材により構成す
ると共に、弁本体６および噴孔部３０の環状の基
端部３０ａの外周部に形成したキー溝６１にキー
１１を挿入してノズル本体６と噴孔部３０との間
の位置決めを行つた後に、噴孔部３０の基端部３
０ａの下方よりノズルナツト９を嵌合し、そのね
じ部９ａをノズル本体６のねじ部６ａに螺合し、
更に２点鎖線で示すデイーゼル機関のシリンダヘ
ツド２に前記噴孔部３０の先細状の先端部３０ｂ
が燃焼室４に臨むように装着される。 In the present invention, the nozzle hole section 30 of the nozzle body 6 of the fuel injection nozzle 10 is made of ceramic material, and the key groove 61 formed on the outer periphery of the annular base end 30a of the valve body 6 and the nozzle hole section 30 After inserting the key 11 and positioning between the nozzle body 6 and the nozzle hole portion 30, the base end portion 3 of the nozzle hole portion 30 is
Fit the nozzle nut 9 from below 0a, screw the threaded part 9a into the threaded part 6a of the nozzle body 6,
Further, a tapered tip 30b of the nozzle hole 30 is attached to the cylinder head 2 of the diesel engine as shown by a two-dot chain line.
is mounted so as to face the combustion chamber 4.
また、噴孔部３０を構成するセラミツク材とし
ては第１表に掲げた物性をもつた窒化珪素
（Si3N4）焼結体や窒化珪素に酸化アルミニウム
（Al2O3）成分を含有せしめたサイアロン焼結体
が最適なセラミツク材である。 Further, the ceramic material constituting the injection hole portion 30 may be a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) sintered body having the physical properties listed in Table 1 or a silicon nitride containing an aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) component. The most suitable ceramic material is sialon sintered body.
第１表から明らかなように窒化珪素焼結体は高
温強度において、金属材料や従来のアルミナ系セ
ラミツクに較べ数段すぐれた特性を持ち、しかも
熱シヨツクに対する極めて大きな耐熱衝撃性をも
つと共に、熱膨張係数が小さく、熱伝導率が小さ
いなど燃料噴射ノズルの噴孔部３０の構成には最
適なものである。 As is clear from Table 1, silicon nitride sintered bodies have properties that are much superior to metal materials and conventional alumina-based ceramics in terms of high-temperature strength, as well as extremely high thermal shock resistance. It has a small coefficient of expansion and a low thermal conductivity, making it ideal for the configuration of the injection hole portion 30 of the fuel injection nozzle.
さらに、燃料噴射ノズル１０の噴孔部３０に設
けた噴孔７０の形状を噴孔中心Ｏから半径方向に
Ｙ字状に伸延された３のスリツトａ，ｂ，ｃで形
成し、この噴孔７０を形成するスリツトａ，ｂ，
ｃのうちの２のスリツトａ，ｂは燃焼室４の上部
に向けて燃料を噴射するようにしてなり、また残
りのスリツトｃは燃焼室４の下部に向けて燃料を
噴射するように構成されている。 Further, the shape of the nozzle hole 70 provided in the nozzle hole portion 30 of the fuel injection nozzle 10 is formed by three slits a, b, and c extending in a Y-shape in the radial direction from the nozzle hole center O. 70 forming slits a, b,
Two slits a and b of c are configured to inject fuel towards the upper part of the combustion chamber 4, and the remaining slit c is configured to inject fuel towards the lower part of the combustion chamber 4. ing.
第５図に噴孔７０を拡大して示しているが、こ
の噴孔７０は３つのスリツトａ，ｂ，ｃをＹ字状
に形成し、スリツトａとスリツトｂとは燃焼室４
の上部に向かつて形成されており、残りのスリツ
トｃは燃焼室４の下部に向かつて形成されてい
る。 FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the nozzle hole 70. This nozzle hole 70 has three slits a, b, and c formed in a Y-shape.
The remaining slit c is formed toward the bottom of the combustion chamber 4.
前記スリツトａ，ｂ，ｃの幅Ｓと長さＬとの比
は多数の実験結果を考慮して次のように決定する
のがよい。 The ratio between the width S and the length L of the slits a, b, and c is preferably determined as follows, taking into consideration a number of experimental results.
Ｓ＝Ｌ／２〜Ｌ／５
前記のように噴孔７０をＹ字状にすることによ
つて、第６図に示すように上部の２つのスリツト
ａ，ｂから噴射された燃料噴霧a′，b′は燃焼室４
の上部に衝突し、また、残りのスリツトｃから噴
射された燃料噴霧c′は燃焼室４の下部に衝突す
る。 S=L/2 to L/5 By making the nozzle hole 70 Y-shaped as described above, the fuel spray a' injected from the two upper slits a and b as shown in FIG. , b' is the combustion chamber 4
The remaining fuel spray c' injected from the slit c collides with the lower part of the combustion chamber 4.
第７図、第８図は燃料噴霧の状態を本発明のＹ
字状の噴孔と、従来の円形の噴孔との場合を比較
したものであり、本発明に係る燃料噴射ノズルの
場合には燃料噴霧Ｓの外周の表面積が増加し噴霧
Ｓの進行方向に直角な任意の断面における矢印で
示す空気の導入率が第８図の従来の燃料噴射ノズ
ルの円形に比較して非常に増加していることがわ
かる。また、同一の断面積の噴孔より噴射された
燃料噴霧ＳについてＹ字状の噴孔よりのものと円
形の噴孔のものとの任意の断面における空気の接
触面積は、Ｙ字状の噴孔の燃料噴射ノズルの方が
円形の従来の燃料噴射ノズルに比較して1.5〜５
倍となつている。 Figures 7 and 8 show the state of fuel spray according to the present invention.
This is a comparison between a letter-shaped nozzle hole and a conventional circular nozzle hole, and in the case of the fuel injection nozzle according to the present invention, the surface area of the outer periphery of the fuel spray S increases and It can be seen that the air introduction rate shown by the arrow in any right-angled cross section is greatly increased compared to the circular shape of the conventional fuel injection nozzle shown in FIG. Furthermore, regarding the fuel spray S injected from nozzle holes with the same cross-sectional area, the contact area of air in any cross section between the Y-shaped nozzle hole and the circular nozzle hole is The hole fuel injection nozzle is 1.5 to 5 mm compared to the circular conventional fuel injection nozzle.
It has doubled.
第９図は燃料当量比、スモーク、出力の関係を
示す図であるが、本発明に係る燃料噴射ノズルの
データを曲線Ｙに、また従来のノズルのデータを
曲線Ｒを示している。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between fuel equivalence ratio, smoke, and output. Curve Y shows data for the fuel injection nozzle according to the present invention, and curve R shows data for a conventional nozzle.
前記第９図から明らかなように、本発明の燃料
噴射ノズルのデータの直線Ｙの方が従来の燃料噴
射ノズルのデータを示す曲線Ｒに比較して平均有
効圧力Pmeが増加し、スモークが低下している
ことがわかる。 As is clear from FIG. 9, the average effective pressure Pme of the straight line Y representing the data of the fuel injection nozzle of the present invention increases and smoke decreases compared to the curve R representing the data of the conventional fuel injection nozzle. I know what you're doing.
また、この両者の効果の差は、両曲線の間の斜
線で示した部分で燃料当量比の多い部分で著し
い。 Furthermore, the difference in effectiveness between the two is significant in the shaded area between the two curves, where the fuel equivalence ratio is high.
一方、燃料噴射ノズルの噴孔部３０の先端部は
火炎に直接接触しているため非常に高温となり易
く、高温になると共にスラツジ等が発生する。従
つて、噴孔部３０と本体６との接触部３２におけ
る熱伝導が良好となるように面精度を良好にする
とか、この接触部３２に銅等の熱伝導が良好で材
料を挿入するのがよい。 On the other hand, since the tip of the nozzle hole 30 of the fuel injection nozzle is in direct contact with the flame, it tends to reach a very high temperature, and as the temperature increases, sludge and the like are generated. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the surface precision so that the contact part 32 between the nozzle hole part 30 and the main body 6 has good heat conduction, or to insert a material with good heat conduction such as copper into this contact part 32. Good.
本発明の燃料噴射ノズルは前記のように噴孔部
３０に設けた噴孔７０を半径方向にＹ字状に伸延
する３つのスリツトａ，ｂ，ｃで構成し、しかも
前記スリツトａ，ｂ，ｃのうちの２つのスリツト
ａ，ｂを燃焼室４の上部に向けて燃料を噴射する
ようにしてなり、残りのスリツトｃを燃焼室４の
下部に向けて燃料を噴射するように構成されてい
る。 In the fuel injection nozzle of the present invention, the nozzle hole 70 provided in the nozzle hole portion 30 is configured with three slits a, b, and c extending in the radial direction in a Y-shape, and the slits a, b, Two slits a and b of c are configured to inject fuel toward the top of the combustion chamber 4, and the remaining slit c is configured to inject fuel toward the bottom of the combustion chamber 4. There is.
従つて、第５図に示すように噴孔７０の上部の
２つのスリツトａ，ｂによる燃料噴霧a′，b′は燃
焼室４の上部に衝突し、燃焼室４の下部に向かつ
て前記噴孔７０の下部の残りのスリツトｃによる
燃料噴霧c′は燃焼室４の下部に衝突し、燃料噴霧
は全体としてＹ字状に三方に広がりながら分布す
るので、第７図に示すようにこの３つのスリツト
ａ，ｂ，ｃのつなぎの部分より空気の導入を促進
させることが可能となり、従つて空気と燃料噴霧
との混合の状態を良好にすることができるので、
デイーゼル機関の燃焼効率を向上させることがで
きる。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the fuel sprays a' and b' from the two slits a and b at the upper part of the nozzle hole 70 collide with the upper part of the combustion chamber 4, and are directed towards the lower part of the combustion chamber 4 and are The fuel spray c' from the remaining slit c at the bottom of the hole 70 collides with the bottom of the combustion chamber 4, and the fuel spray is distributed in a Y-shape as a whole, spreading in three directions. Since it is possible to promote the introduction of air from the connecting part of the three slits a, b, and c, it is possible to improve the mixing condition of air and fuel spray.
The combustion efficiency of diesel engines can be improved.
直線状ないしはスリツト状に形成した従来の燃
料噴射ノズルより噴射された燃料噴霧の腰が弱
く、スワールの作用によつて燃料噴霧が複数に分
断されて着火の遅れを生ずる欠点があつたが、本
発明に係るＹ字状の噴孔７０より噴射されるＹ字
状の燃料噴霧は、あたかも断面係数が増加したよ
うな状態となるので、燃料噴霧の腰が強くなり、
スワールによつてこの燃料噴霧が簡単に分断しな
くなり、従つて着火の遅れを生ずることを防止で
き、燃焼効率を増加することができる。 Conventional fuel injection nozzles formed in a straight or slit shape had the disadvantage that the fuel spray injected was weak, and the fuel spray was divided into multiple parts due to the swirl effect, causing a delay in ignition. The Y-shaped fuel spray injected from the Y-shaped nozzle hole 70 according to the invention is in a state as if the section modulus has increased, so the fuel spray becomes stiffer,
The swirl prevents the fuel spray from breaking up easily, thereby preventing delays in ignition and increasing combustion efficiency.
更に本発明においては、特に噴孔７０を噴孔中
心Ｏから半径方向にＹ字状に伸延された３つのス
リツトから構成し、２つのスリツトａ，ｂを燃焼
室４の上部に、残りのスリツトｃを燃焼室４の下
部に夫々燃料を噴射させるようにしたので、空気
の量の多い方に２つのスリツトａ，ｂが、また空
気の量の少ない方に残りのスリツトｃが位置する
ことになり、空気量に見合つた燃料噴霧の分布を
得ることができ、燃焼効率を増大し、デイーゼル
機関の出力を増加することができる。 Furthermore, in the present invention, in particular, the nozzle hole 70 is constituted by three slits extending radially from the nozzle hole center O in a Y-shape, two slits a and b are placed in the upper part of the combustion chamber 4, and the remaining slits are placed in the upper part of the combustion chamber 4. Since the fuel is injected into the lower part of the combustion chamber 4, the two slits a and b are located on the side with a larger amount of air, and the remaining slit c is located on the side with a smaller amount of air. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a fuel spray distribution commensurate with the amount of air, thereby increasing the combustion efficiency and the output of the diesel engine.
また、噴孔部３０をセラミツク製とすることに
よつて噴孔７０を正確にＹ字状に形成することが
できる上に、セラミツクの特性として耐熱性であ
るので針弁の焼付き、噴孔の詰り、弁座部の過度
の摩耗等、従来の金属性の燃料噴射ノズルの有す
る欠点を完全に解消することが可能となる。 In addition, by making the nozzle hole part 30 made of ceramic, the nozzle hole 70 can be accurately formed in a Y-shape, and the heat resistance of ceramic prevents seizure of the needle valve. This makes it possible to completely eliminate the drawbacks of conventional metal fuel injection nozzles, such as clogging and excessive wear of the valve seat.
さらに、前記実施例では、噴孔部３０のみをセ
ラミツク材により構成した燃料噴射弁１０の例を
示したが、本発明ではこの実施例に限定されるも
のではなく、例えば弁体６がセラミツク材で構成
したものにも応用できることは当然である。 Further, in the embodiment described above, an example of the fuel injection valve 10 was shown in which only the injection hole portion 30 was made of ceramic material, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, the valve body 6 is made of ceramic material. It goes without saying that it can also be applied to things made up of .
［発明の効果］
以上説明したように本発明のデイーゼル機関用
燃料噴射ノズルは、ノズル本体のセラミツク製噴
孔部の先端部に、噴孔中心から半径方向にＹ字状
に伸延された３つのスリツトからなる噴孔を設
け、前記３つのスリツトのうち、２つのスリツト
は燃焼室上部に向けて燃料を噴射するようにして
なり、残りのスリツトは燃焼室下部に向けて燃料
を噴射するようにしてなるので、以下の効果を得
ることができる。[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the diesel engine fuel injection nozzle of the present invention has three Y-shaped holes extending radially from the center of the nozzle hole at the tip of the ceramic nozzle hole of the nozzle body. A nozzle hole consisting of slits is provided, and of the three slits, two slits are configured to inject fuel toward the top of the combustion chamber, and the remaining slits are configured to inject fuel toward the bottom of the combustion chamber. Therefore, the following effects can be obtained.
即ち、前記ノズル本体の噴孔部をセラミツク製
としたことにより、噴孔部の焼結前の成形時にお
いて前記噴孔中心から半径方向にＹ字状に伸延す
る３つのスリツトからなる噴孔を容易に成形する
ことができるとともに、断熱性、耐久性が向上
し、針弁の焼付き、噴孔の詰り、弁座部の過度の
摩耗が防止される効果がある。 That is, by making the nozzle hole part of the nozzle body made of ceramic, the nozzle hole is made of three slits extending in a Y-shape in the radial direction from the center of the nozzle hole when the nozzle hole part is molded before sintering. It can be easily molded, has improved heat insulation and durability, and has the effect of preventing seizure of the needle valve, clogging of the nozzle hole, and excessive wear of the valve seat.
また、前記噴孔部の先端部に、噴孔中心から半
径方向にＹ字状に伸延された３つのスリツトから
なる噴孔を設けたことにより、噴射された燃料の
空気との接触面積が増大しかつ前記各スリツトか
らの噴霧燃料間には略均等の空気層が得られるた
め、燃料と空気との混合が迅速かつ均一に行われ
る効果がある。 In addition, by providing a nozzle hole consisting of three slits extending radially in a Y-shape from the center of the nozzle hole at the tip of the nozzle hole, the contact area of the injected fuel with the air is increased. Moreover, since a substantially uniform air layer is obtained between the sprayed fuel from each of the slits, there is an effect that the fuel and air are mixed quickly and uniformly.
さらに、前記噴孔の前記３つのスリツトのう
ち、２つのスリツトは燃焼室上部に向けて燃料を
噴射するようになり、残りのスリツトは燃焼室下
部に向けて燃料を噴射するようにしたことによ
り、前記２つのスリツトの燃料は流入空気量の大
となる燃焼室上部に向けて噴射され、かつ前記残
りのスリツトからの燃料は流入空気量の少ない燃
焼室下部に向けて噴射されるので、燃焼室の上部
と燃焼室下部とにおいて夫々流入空気量の割合に
応じて燃料と空気との混合が適切に行われ、デイ
ーゼル機関の燃焼効率を向上させる効果がある。 Furthermore, among the three slits of the nozzle hole, two slits inject fuel towards the upper part of the combustion chamber, and the remaining slits inject fuel towards the lower part of the combustion chamber. , the fuel in the two slits is injected toward the upper part of the combustion chamber where the amount of incoming air is large, and the fuel from the remaining slits is injected toward the lower part of the combustion chamber where the amount of incoming air is small. The fuel and air are appropriately mixed in the upper part of the chamber and the lower part of the combustion chamber according to the ratio of the amount of incoming air, respectively, and this has the effect of improving the combustion efficiency of the diesel engine.
第１図は従来の燃料噴射ノズルの一部破断によ
る側断面図、第２図は同燃料噴射ノズルの噴孔の
正面図、第３図は本発明の実施例における燃料噴
射ノズルの一部破断による側面図、第４図は同燃
料噴射ノズルの先端部の拡大縦断面図、第５図は
同燃料噴射ノズルの先端に位置する噴孔部に形成
された噴孔の拡大正面図、第６図は本発明の燃料
噴射ノズルより燃料が燃焼室内に噴射される状態
を示す図、第７図は本発明の燃料噴射ノズルの燃
料噴霧が空気を巻き込む状態を示す説明図、第８
図は従来の円形噴孔の燃料噴射ノズルの燃料噴霧
が空気を巻き込む状態を示す説明図、第９図は有
効平均圧力とスモークとが燃料当量比について変
化する状況を示す特性図である。
１，１０……燃料噴射ノズル、２……シリンダ
ヘツド、３……噴孔部、４……燃焼室、５……針
弁、６……ノズル本体、６ａ，９ａ……ねじ部、
７，７０……噴孔、８……弁座部、９……ノズル
ナツト、１１……キー溝、３０……噴孔部、３０
ａ……基端部、３０ｂ……先端部、Ｏ……噴孔中
心。
FIG. 1 is a partially broken side sectional view of a conventional fuel injection nozzle, FIG. 2 is a front view of the nozzle hole of the same fuel injection nozzle, and FIG. 3 is a partially broken side view of a fuel injection nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the tip of the fuel injection nozzle, FIG. 5 is an enlarged front view of the nozzle hole formed in the nozzle hole located at the tip of the fuel injection nozzle, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber from the fuel injection nozzle of the present invention, FIG.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the fuel spray from a conventional fuel injection nozzle with a circular nozzle hole entrains air, and FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing a state in which the effective average pressure and smoke change with respect to the fuel equivalence ratio. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 10... Fuel injection nozzle, 2... Cylinder head, 3... Nozzle hole part, 4... Combustion chamber, 5... Needle valve, 6... Nozzle body, 6a, 9a... Thread part,
7, 70...Nozzle hole, 8...Valve seat, 9...Nozzle nut, 11...Keyway, 30...Nozzle hole, 30
a... Base end, 30b... Tip, O... Nozzle hole center.
Claims (1)
に、噴孔中心から半径方向にＹ字状に伸延された
３つのスリツトからなる噴孔を設け、前記３つの
スリツトのうち、２つのスリツトは燃焼室上部に
向けて燃料を噴射するようにしてなり、残りのス
リツトは燃焼室下部に向けて燃料を噴射するよう
にしてなるデイーゼル機関用燃料噴射ノズル。1 A nozzle hole consisting of three slits extending radially in a Y-shape from the center of the nozzle hole is provided at the tip of the ceramic nozzle hole portion of the nozzle body, and two of the three slits are used for combustion. A fuel injection nozzle for diesel engines that injects fuel toward the top of the combustion chamber, and the remaining slit injects fuel toward the bottom of the combustion chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2398682A JPS58143162A (en) | 1982-02-17 | 1982-02-17 | Fuel injection nozzle for diezel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2398682A JPS58143162A (en) | 1982-02-17 | 1982-02-17 | Fuel injection nozzle for diezel engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58143162A JPS58143162A (en) | 1983-08-25 |
| JPH0424547B2 true JPH0424547B2 (en) | 1992-04-27 |
Family
ID=12125892
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2398682A Granted JPS58143162A (en) | 1982-02-17 | 1982-02-17 | Fuel injection nozzle for diezel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58143162A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2860557B1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2007-09-21 | Renault Sa | INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FUEL INJECTOR FOR A VEHICLE COMPRISING A NOZZLE HAVING AT LEAST ONE ORIFICE |
| CN102720612A (en) * | 2012-07-07 | 2012-10-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七�三研究所 | Fuel injector with perturbation spray nozzle |
| CN112628045B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-04-15 | 北京理工大学 | Strong air entrainment type oil nozzle of high-intensity diesel engine |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56106062A (en) * | 1980-01-26 | 1981-08-24 | Hino Motors Ltd | Hole nozzle |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5843669Y2 (en) * | 1978-06-09 | 1983-10-03 | 日産デイ−ゼル工業株式会社 | fuel injection nozzle |
-
1982
- 1982-02-17 JP JP2398682A patent/JPS58143162A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56106062A (en) * | 1980-01-26 | 1981-08-24 | Hino Motors Ltd | Hole nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58143162A (en) | 1983-08-25 |
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