JPH04142884A - Still video camera - Google Patents
Still video cameraInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04142884A JPH04142884A JP2264958A JP26495890A JPH04142884A JP H04142884 A JPH04142884 A JP H04142884A JP 2264958 A JP2264958 A JP 2264958A JP 26495890 A JP26495890 A JP 26495890A JP H04142884 A JPH04142884 A JP H04142884A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- time
- mechanical shutter
- solid
- charge
- shutter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明はスチルビデオカメラ（電子スチルカメラ）の電
荷蓄積時間の制御に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to control of charge accumulation time in a still video camera (electronic still camera).
般に、スチルビデオカメラの電荷蓄積時間を制御する手
段としてメカニカル（機械式）シャ・ンタがある。電荷
蓄積時間は、画像形成に必要な光が固体撮像素子に入射
している時間のことで、従来はメカニカルシャッタを開
閉することて制御していた。Generally, a mechanical shutter is used as a means for controlling the charge accumulation time of a still video camera. The charge accumulation time is the time during which the light necessary for image formation is incident on the solid-state image sensor, and conventionally it was controlled by opening and closing a mechanical shutter.
しかしながら、メカニカルシャッタては、シャッタ羽根
の動作にバラツキかあり、精度を良くするため機構が複
雑になっている。また一般に、高速シャッタは１７１０
００秒程度か限界となっている。また、絞り優先にして
シャッタ時間で露出を制御する場合も、高精度で制御す
ることばてきない。However, with mechanical shutters, there is some variation in the operation of the shutter blades, and the mechanism is complicated in order to improve accuracy. In general, high-speed shutters are 1710
The limit is about 00 seconds. Also, when controlling exposure using shutter time with aperture priority, it is difficult to control with high precision.
本発明は、このような問題に鑑みてなされたものて、シ
ャッタの精度か良く機構が簡略化てきるスチルビデオカ
メラを提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a still video camera with a high shutter accuracy and a simplified mechanism.
前記Ｌ１的を達成するため、本発明ては、スチルビデオ
カメラをつきの（１）のとおりに構成するものである。In order to achieve the L1 objective, the present invention configures a still video camera as shown in item (1).
（１）電荷掃き出し５丁能な固体撮像素子と、メカニカ
ルシャッタと、該メカニカルシャッタの開状態におＣ−
＋る前記固体撮像素子の電荷掃き出し時刻から該メカニ
カルシャッタが閉じる時刻までの時間を制御する制御手
段とを備えたスチルビデオカメラ。(1) A solid-state image sensor capable of discharging charges, a mechanical shutter, and a C-
1. A still video camera comprising: a control means for controlling a time from a time when charges are swept out of the solid-state image sensor to a time when the mechanical shutter closes.
前記（１）の構成により、電荷蓄積時間は、電荷掃き出
し時刻からメカニカルシャッタが閉じる時刻までの時間
により制御される。With the configuration (1) above, the charge accumulation time is controlled by the time from the charge sweep-out time to the time when the mechanical shutter closes.
以トー本発明を実施例により詳しく説明する。 The present invention will now be explained in detail with reference to Examples.
第１図は本発明の一実施例である“スチルビデオカメラ
′°のタイミンクチャートの１例であり、第２図は同実
施例の構成図である。また第３図は、実施例で用いる固
体撮像素子であるインターライン型ＣＣＤ （ｃｈａｒ
ｇｅ ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄ ｄｅｖｉｃｅ）イメージセンサ
の構成図である。Fig. 1 is an example of a timing chart for a still video camera which is an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a configuration diagram of the embodiment. Fig. 3 is a timing chart used in the embodiment. An interline CCD (char
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an image sensor (coupled device).
第３図において、２１は光電変換素子を示す。In FIG. 3, 21 indicates a photoelectric conversion element.
２２は、垂直ＣＣＤで、第１〜第４の垂直転送電極を持
ち、それぞれにΦＶ１〜ΦＶ４の４相パルスを加えるこ
とで駆動する。光電変換素子２１は、奇数行が第１垂直
転送電極と、偶数行が第３電極と接続されており、光電
変換素子２１の電荷を垂直ＣＣＤ２２に転送する転送ゲ
ートは、そゎそれ第１および第３垂直転送電極か兼用し
ている。２３は、水平ＣＣＤて、第１．第２の水平転送
電極を持ち、それぞれにΦＨ１，ΦＨ２の２相パルスを
加えることで駆動する。２４は、エミッタフィロワ回路
の出力回路を示＝１− 、、このインクライン型ＣＣＤ
イメージセンサは、センサ自身が乗っている基板に電圧
を加えることで光電変摸索−ｆ２１の電荷を基板へ掃き
出すことかてきる。A vertical CCD 22 has first to fourth vertical transfer electrodes, and is driven by applying four-phase pulses ΦV1 to ΦV4 to each of them. The photoelectric conversion elements 21 are connected to first vertical transfer electrodes in odd-numbered rows and third electrodes in even-numbered rows, and the transfer gates that transfer the charges of the photoelectric conversion elements 21 to the vertical CCD 22 are connected to the first and third electrodes. It also serves as the third vertical transfer electrode. 23 is a horizontal CCD; It has a second horizontal transfer electrode and is driven by applying two-phase pulses of ΦH1 and ΦH2 to each of them. 24 indicates the output circuit of the emitter follower circuit = 1-, this incline type CCD
The image sensor can sweep the electric charge of the photoelectric transformer -f21 to the substrate by applying a voltage to the substrate on which the sensor itself is mounted.
第２図において、１１はメカニカルシャッタ、１２はシ
ャッタ駆動回路、１３はレンス、１４は固体撮像素子、
１５は固体撮像素子の駆動回路、１６は制御信号発生回
路を示す。メカニカルシャッタ１１の開閉のタイミング
および固体撮像素子１４に加える電荷掃き出しパルスの
タイミングは、制御信号発生回路１６て決められ、それ
ぞれの駆動回路１２．１５により、メカニカルシャッタ
１１および固体撮像素子１４が制御される。In FIG. 2, 11 is a mechanical shutter, 12 is a shutter drive circuit, 13 is a lens, 14 is a solid-state image sensor,
Reference numeral 15 indicates a drive circuit for the solid-state image sensor, and reference numeral 16 indicates a control signal generation circuit. The timing of opening and closing of the mechanical shutter 11 and the timing of the charge sweep pulse applied to the solid-state image sensor 14 are determined by the control signal generation circuit 16, and the mechanical shutter 11 and the solid-state image sensor 14 are controlled by the respective drive circuits 12 and 15. Ru.
第１図は、第３図に示すインターライン型ＣＣＤイメー
ジセンサを第２図の固体撮像素子として用いてスチルビ
デオカメラを構成した場合のタイミンクチャートの１例
を示す。そのシャッタ状態は、メカニカルシャッタの開
閉の状態を示す。１は光電変換素子２１の電荷を掃き出
すためにインターライン型イメージ七ンサ１４に加える
掃き出しパルスΦＥＳを示ず。２は掃き出し動作終了か
らメカニカルシャッタが閉じるまでの期間で、第２図に
示す制御信号発生回路１６により制御される電荷蓄積時
間を示す。３〜６は、インターライン型ＣＣＤイメージ
センサの垂直ＣＣＤ２２を駆動するパルスのうち、垂直
転送パルスを示す。７および８は、それぞれ光電変換素
子２１の電荷を垂直ＣＣＤ ２２に転送する第１および
′ｆＪ２の読出しパルスを示す。ここては、第１垂直転
送電極に第１読出しパルス７か加わったあと、読み出し
た電荷を次の第３垂直転送電極の下まで転送し、第２読
出しパルス８を加えることで、垂直方向に２個づつの光
電変換素子２１の電荷を加算した、いわゆるフィールド
読出し出力を実現させている。第１図に示す通り、光電
変換素子２１の電荷蓄積時間２が掃き出し動作終ｒ時点
からメカニカルシャッタの閉じるまでの時間で決ってい
る。これにより、掃き出しパルスΦＥＳの（１ソ置を変
えることで、電荷蓄積時間２を任意に制御することがで
きる。FIG. 1 shows an example of a timing chart when a still video camera is constructed using the interline CCD image sensor shown in FIG. 3 as the solid-state image sensor shown in FIG. The shutter state indicates the open/close state of the mechanical shutter. 1 does not indicate a sweep pulse ΦES applied to the interline image sensor 14 in order to sweep out the charge of the photoelectric conversion element 21. 2 is a period from the end of the sweeping operation until the mechanical shutter closes, and represents the charge accumulation time controlled by the control signal generation circuit 16 shown in FIG. 3 to 6 indicate vertical transfer pulses among the pulses that drive the vertical CCD 22 of the interline CCD image sensor. 7 and 8 indicate the first and 'fJ2 read pulses for transferring the charge of the photoelectric conversion element 21 to the vertical CCD 22, respectively. Here, after the first readout pulse 7 is applied to the first vertical transfer electrode, the readout charge is transferred to the bottom of the next third vertical transfer electrode, and by applying the second readout pulse 8, the charge is transferred vertically. A so-called field readout output in which the charges of two photoelectric conversion elements 21 are added is realized. As shown in FIG. 1, the charge accumulation time 2 of the photoelectric conversion element 21 is determined by the time from the end of the sweeping operation r until the mechanical shutter closes. As a result, the charge accumulation time 2 can be arbitrarily controlled by changing the position of the sweep-out pulse ΦES.
第４図は、本実施例のタイミングチャートの他の例を示
し、メカニカルシャッタを開くタイミングと、電荷掃き
出しパルスのタイミングを垂直ブランキンク期間を越え
て設定するものである。このタイミングによれば、長時
間の電荷蓄積時間２を実現させることかてきる。FIG. 4 shows another example of the timing chart of this embodiment, in which the timing of opening the mechanical shutter and the timing of the charge sweep pulse are set to exceed the vertical blanking period. According to this timing, it is possible to realize a long charge accumulation time 2.
第５図は、本実施例のもう一つ別のタイミングチャート
を示す。図において、３３〜３６は垂直ＣＣＤ２２を高
速て駆動する高速転送パルスを不ず。このタイミンクに
よれは、電荷蓄積時間終了後、メカニカルシャッタが閉
じた状態て垂直ＣＣＤ２２を高速で駆動することで、電
荷蓄積時間中に入射した光により垂直ＣＣＤ２２内に生
したスミアやブルーミンク等の不要な電荷を除くことが
できる。FIG. 5 shows another timing chart of this embodiment. In the figure, 33 to 36 are high-speed transfer pulses that drive the vertical CCD 22 at high speed. This timing error can be avoided by driving the vertical CCD 22 at high speed with the mechanical shutter closed after the charge accumulation time has ended, thereby eliminating smear, bloom, etc. that is generated in the vertical CCD 22 due to light incident during the charge accumulation time. Unnecessary charges can be removed.
なお、実施例では固体撮像素子にインターライン型ＣＣ
Ｄイメージセンサを用いているが、本発明はこれに限定
されるものてはなく、フレームトランスファ型、フレー
ムインクトランスファ型等でもよく、電荷転送束ｒはＣ
ＣＤ以外てちょい、。In addition, in the embodiment, an interline type CC is used in the solid-state image sensor.
Although a D image sensor is used, the present invention is not limited to this, and a frame transfer type, frame ink transfer type, etc. may also be used, and the charge transfer flux r is C.
There's nothing other than CDs.
また、メカニカルシャッタは、絞り兼用のものてもよい
。Further, the mechanical shutter may also serve as an aperture.
また、メカニカルシャッタの開閉のタイミングおよび固
体撮像素子の電荷掃き出しのタイミンクは、読出しパル
スのタイミングに対し可変でもよく、メカニカルシャッ
タを開けるタイミンクおよび電荷掃き出しのタイミング
を可変にしてもよく、あるいは電荷掃き出しのタイミン
グのみ可変にしてもよい。Further, the timing of opening/closing the mechanical shutter and the timing of sweeping out the charge from the solid-state image sensor may be variable relative to the timing of the readout pulse, the timing of opening the mechanical shutter and the timing of sweeping out the charge may be variable, or the timing of sweeping out the charge may be variable. Only the timing may be made variable.
また、垂直転送パルス３〜６は、第１および１６・・・
・・・制御信号発生回路
第２読出しパルス７．８に続く車両転送パルス以外は省
略してもよい。Further, the vertical transfer pulses 3 to 6 are the first and 16th...
. . . The control signal generating circuit may be omitted except for the vehicle transfer pulse following the second read pulse 7.8.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、固体撮像床ｆの
電荷８積を光電変換素子の掃き出し動作終了時から始め
ているので、電荷蓄積時間の開始時刻を電気的に精度よ
く制御することかできるようになり、高速シャッタから
長時間露光による低速シャッタまでか可能となる。As explained above, according to the present invention, since the charge 8 product on the solid-state imaging bed f starts from the end of the sweep operation of the photoelectric conversion element, the start time of the charge accumulation time can be precisely controlled electrically. This makes it possible to use high-speed shutters to slow shutters with long exposure times.
また、メカニカルシ入・ツタは、開く力の村１度は要求
されないのて、シャッタ機構の簡略化か可能となる。In addition, since the mechanical shutter does not require a single opening force, the shutter mechanism can be simplified.
第１図は本発明の一実施例のタイミングチャド、第２図
は同実施例の構成図、第３図は同実施例て用いる固体撮
像素子の構成図、第４図。
第５図は同実施例の他のタイミンクチャートである。
１１・・・・・・メカニカルシャッタ
１４・・・・・・固体撮像素子FIG. 1 is a timing diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a solid-state image sensor used in the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 5 is another timing chart of the same embodiment. 11... Mechanical shutter 14... Solid-state image sensor
Claims (1)
シャッタと、該メカニカルシャッタの開状態における前
記固体撮像素子の電荷掃き出し時刻から該メカニカルシ
ャッタが閉じる時刻までの時間を制御する制御手段とを
備えたことを特徴とするスチルビデオカメラ。(1) A solid-state imaging device capable of sweeping out charges, a mechanical shutter, and a control means for controlling the time from the time when charges are swept out of the solid-state imaging device in the open state of the mechanical shutter until the time when the mechanical shutter closes. A still video camera characterized by:
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2264958A JPH04142884A (en) | 1990-10-04 | 1990-10-04 | Still video camera |
| EP91116834A EP0479272B1 (en) | 1990-10-04 | 1991-10-02 | Image sensing apparatus |
| DE69128591T DE69128591T2 (en) | 1990-10-04 | 1991-10-02 | Image scanner |
| US08/206,207 US5517243A (en) | 1990-10-04 | 1994-03-03 | Image sensing apparatus with control of charge storage time |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2264958A JPH04142884A (en) | 1990-10-04 | 1990-10-04 | Still video camera |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04142884A true JPH04142884A (en) | 1992-05-15 |
Family
ID=17410572
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2264958A Pending JPH04142884A (en) | 1990-10-04 | 1990-10-04 | Still video camera |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04142884A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6888570B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2005-05-03 | Olympus Corporation | Image pickup device and exposure control method in the image pickup device |
| JP2007158872A (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-21 | Pentax Corp | Imaging element driving unit |
| CN100383658C (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2008-04-23 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Camera apparatus and controlling method thereof |
-
1990
- 1990-10-04 JP JP2264958A patent/JPH04142884A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100383658C (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2008-04-23 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Camera apparatus and controlling method thereof |
| CN100414426C (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2008-08-27 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Camera apparatus and its controlling method |
| CN100418004C (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2008-09-10 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Camera apparatus and controlling method thereof |
| US6888570B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2005-05-03 | Olympus Corporation | Image pickup device and exposure control method in the image pickup device |
| JP2007158872A (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-21 | Pentax Corp | Imaging element driving unit |
| JP4682031B2 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2011-05-11 | Ｈｏｙａ株式会社 | Image sensor driving device |
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