JPH0414157B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0414157B2 JPH0414157B2 JP58080751A JP8075183A JPH0414157B2 JP H0414157 B2 JPH0414157 B2 JP H0414157B2 JP 58080751 A JP58080751 A JP 58080751A JP 8075183 A JP8075183 A JP 8075183A JP H0414157 B2 JPH0414157 B2 JP H0414157B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- thermal conductivity
- tap hole
- coal
- gasifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
〔発明の利用分野〕
本発明は特に溶けた石炭灰を円滑に炉外に排出
する石炭のガス化炉に関する。
〔発明の背景〕
石炭ガス化炉には固定層，流動層，噴流層及び
溶融層方式があるが、石炭灰の溶融点以上の温度
でガス化する噴流層，溶融層方式は、石炭の大部
分を水素、一酸化炭素に転化でき、また灰をスラ
グとして排出できるため、化学原料，燃料，水素
等石炭ガスの用途拡大、石炭転換設備の環境への
適合性が大きい等の利点がある。この方式の運転
上の課題は、溶けた石炭灰（以後溶融スラグ）を
いかに安定に炉外に排出するかであり、特に溶融
スラグを冷却する際、固化により溶融スラグの通
路を閉塞させないことにある。
通常、溶融スラグはガス化室から冷却水で満た
されたスラグ冷却室へ落下させるが、ガス化室か
らの出口即ちスラグ流出孔（以下スラグタツプ孔
と称す）で固化し易い。このため、スラグタツプ
孔を閉塞させないために、例えば特開昭51−
76302号公報に示されるようなスラグタツプ孔を
バーナによつて加熱したり、あるいは特開昭57−
172986号公報に示されるごとく電気によつて加熱
するものがある。また、この他にガス化炉内へ添
加物を加えて溶融スラグの流動性をよくしたり、
更にはスラグタツプ孔からの輻射熱損失を防いだ
り、種々の方法が提案されている。
しかしながら、スラグタツプ孔を加熱するもの
は加熱するためにその分余計にエネルギーを必要
とし、好ましくない。また、添加物を加えるもの
は添加物を投入したり排出したりする煩雑さが伴
い、しかも炭種によつて添加量を調節する必要が
ある。更にまた、スラグタツプ孔の輻射熱損失を
防ぐためには構造が複雑になる欠点がある。
ガス化炉の機能としては、これらの手段を用い
なくても流下させられるのが理想であるが、これ
まで試みられた多くの方法でその困難さが示され
ている。スラグタツプ孔付近の温度はガス化反応
に伴う発生熱量、溶融スラグの持込む熱量と伝熱
及びスラグの持出す熱量を合せた損失熱量のバラ
ンスによつて決定される。ガス化炉の処理量が増
大すれば熱損失量の割合が減少し、スラグタツプ
孔付近の温度は高くなるので、溶融スラグの安定
流下に対して有利になるが、現状ではその規模の
ガス化炉は存在しない。またガス化方式、例えば
ガス化剤に酸素を用いるか空気を用いるか、常圧
で行うか加圧にしてコンパクトな炉にするか等に
より、また使用する石炭種により、同じ処理量で
もある場合にはスラグタツプ孔が閉塞することが
考えられる。いずれにしてもガス化炉としてはス
ラグ流下手段を有することが必要であるが、ガス
化炉の運転制御性、ガス化効率を損なわないよ
う、前記短所をできるかぎり軽減する必要があ
る。
〔発明の目的〕
本発明は上記欠点を改善しようとしてなされた
もので、その目的とするところは、特別な構造を
付加することなくガス化方式、石炭種が変つた場
合でもスラグを確実に流下できるガス化炉を提供
することにある。
〔発明の概要〕
即ち、本発明の特徴は、石炭を石炭灰の溶融温
度以上でガス化するガス化反応室と、このガス化
反応室で生じた溶融スラグをスラグ冷却室へ落下
させるスラグ流出孔を有するガス化炉において、
前記スラグ流出孔を形成するスラグタツプ部を熱
伝導率の異なる少なくとも２種類の材料で構成す
ると共に、該スラグ流出孔周辺のスラグと接触す
る部分を熱伝導率の大きい材料で形成し該熱伝導
率の大きい材料の外側を囲むように熱伝導率の小
さい材料を配し、かつ該熱伝導率の大きい材料は
前記ガス化反応室に面する面積を前記スラグ冷却
室に面する面積よりも大きくした石炭のガス化炉
にある。
〔発明の実施例〕
本発明の実施例の説明の前に、噴流層ガス化炉
における溶融スラグの固化について第１図及び第
２図を用いて説明する。
微粉炭２は窒素ガス、空気等で搬送され、バー
ナ３からガス化炉９のガス化室４に吹き込まれ
る。ガス化剤１（酸素又は空気）は同様にバーナ
３を通して供給され、バーナ３の先端で微粉炭と
混合される。ガス化炉９はガス化室４、スラグ冷
却室６等よりなり、耐火断熱壁８でおおわれてい
る。微粉炭はガス化剤とガス化室４で反応し、水
素，一酸化炭素に豊むガスに転化される。生成ガ
ス５はガス化室４を出た後、排熱回収室又は水冷
却室（いずれも図示せず）に導かれる。一方、ガ
ス化室４で溶融した石炭灰はガス化炉内壁を伝わ
り、スラグタツプ孔７を通つてスラグ冷却室６に
落下し、さらにスラグ水冷容器（図示せず）に入
る。１１はスラグタツプ孔７から溶融スラグが流
れる様子をテレビカメラ（図示せず）等により観
察する観察窓である。次にスラグタツプ孔７から
スラグが流れる様子の一例を第２図に示す。溶融
スラグ１０はスラグタツプ孔７のガス化室４側か
らいきおいよく流れてくるが、スラグタツプ孔７
の中間１２付辺で流れが弱まり、スラグタツプ孔
７を離れる時には動きが鈍くなつた状態で滴下す
る。ガス化条件、スラグタツプ孔形状を種々変化
させてスラグの流れる様子を調べた結果、スラグ
の流下、固化はスラグタツプ孔７のスラグ冷却室
側６の温度T2に支配されることが明らかとなつ
た。太平洋炭（北海道炭）の場合、T2が1400℃
以下になると、スラグタツプ孔７のスラグ冷却室
６側から固化が始まる。この場合でも、ガス化室
４からは溶融スラグが流れ込んでくることから、
T2が1400℃以下でも、スラグタツプ孔７のガス
化室４側の温度T1は常にスラグが流れる条件を
満たしている。1400℃という温度は太平洋炭の溶
融スラグの粘度を200〜250ポアズにする温度であ
る。すなわち、溶融スラグを流すためにはその粘
度を常に200ポアズ以下になるような温度に保つ
ことが必要である。
以上の結果から次のことが明らかになる。
(1) 溶融スラグをガス化室からスラグ冷却室空間
に落下させるには、溶融スラグが接触している
スラグタツプ部のうち、溶融スラグが最後にタ
ツプ部をはなれる場所の温度TSTを低下させな
いことが必要である。
(2) TSTは溶融スラグの粘度を200ポイズ以下に
する温度である。
前記(1)が達成できない最大の原因はスラグタツ
プ孔７からの伝熱による放熱量が、スラグタツプ
孔７への伝熱量に比べて相対的に多いためであ
る。スラグタツプ孔７への伝熱はガス化室４の高
温ガスからの輻射及び溶融スラグ１０からの伝導
によるもので、両者は石炭処理量、ガス化温度が
定まれば決定される。したがつてスラグタツプ孔
７の温度を低下させないためにはスラグタツプ孔
７からの放熱量を抑えることである。スラグタツ
プ孔７からの放熱はスラグタツプ孔７から耐火断
熱壁８への伝導、スラグ冷却室６への熱伝達によ
つて発生する。したがつて、これらの放熱を抑え
るような手段が必要であり、本発明ではスラグタ
ツプ孔のうち、溶融スラグが空間へまさに離れん
とする部分のみを、熱伝導率の高い材質とし、そ
れ以外のタツプ部は熱伝導率の低い材質としたも
のである。
次に本発明の一実施例を第３図によつて説明す
る。ガス化室４及びスラグ冷却室６の形状は第２
図と同様であるがスラグタツプ孔７を熱伝導率の
大きい高熱伝導性部１２と高熱伝導性部１２より
熱伝導率の小さい低熱伝導性部１３に分けて構成
し、高熱伝導性部１２のガス化室４に面する面積
をスラグ冷却室６に面する面積より大きくなるよ
うに低熱伝導性部１３で高熱伝導性部１２を支持
している。高熱伝導性部１２に使用する材料はセ
ラミツクス，耐火レンガ金属材料、あるいはセラ
ミツクスと金属材料の複合材料で熱伝導率の高い
ものである。セラミツクスはアルミナ系（Al2O3
≧99％）が好適である。例えばAl2O3＝99％のセ
ラミツクスの1000℃における熱伝導率は14〜
18kcal／ｍ・ｈ・℃である。炭化ケイ素系は熱伝
導率はアルミナ系の約３〜４倍大きいが、酸化雰
囲気では溶融する場合があるので、アルミナ系の
セラミツクスで表面をコーテイングする必要があ
る。耐火レンガではアルミナ−クロム系やアルミ
ナ−クロム−マグネシア系が好適である。これら
の熱伝導率は３〜6kcal・ｍ・ｈ・℃とアルミナ
セラミツクスより小さいが、溶融スラグに対する
耐侵食性に優れる。炭化ケイ素系の耐火レンガは
やはり酸化雰囲気に弱い。金属材料の場合は高融
点物質が前程条件となり、タングステン，モリブ
デン等が好適である。これらの熱伝導率は前記非
金属材料の10倍以上であるが、ガス，溶融スラグ
による腐食，侵食防止のためセラミツクスによる
コーテイングが必要である。
一方低熱伝導性部に使用する材料はセラミツク
ス，断熱レンガで熱伝導率の低いものである。セ
ラミツクスはジルコニア系が好適である。例えば
ZrO2＝90％のセラミツクスは熱伝導率は１〜
2kcal・ｍ・ｈ・℃である。断熱レンガではアル
ミナ−シリカ系で0.5〜0.8kcal・ｍ・ｈ・℃のも
のがあるが、耐熱性が弱く、1500℃以上では変質
してもろくなる。
第３図の構造で高熱伝導性部にAl2O3＝99.5％
のセラミツクス、低熱伝導部にZrO2＝91％のセ
ラミツクスを用いた場合とそれぞれ単独を用いた
場合のスラグタツプ孔付近温度とスラグ流下状態
の関係を表に示す。なおガス化炉本体の耐火断熱
壁８はAl2O3＝95％の流し込み耐火キヤスタブル
とAl2O3＝43％，SiO2＝47％の流し込み断熱キヤ
スタブルで整形した。
[Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention particularly relates to a coal gasifier that smoothly discharges melted coal ash out of the furnace. [Background of the Invention] There are fixed bed, fluidized bed, spouted bed, and fused bed methods for coal gasifiers, but the spouted bed and fused bed methods, which gasify coal ash at a temperature higher than its melting point, Since the coal gas can be converted into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the ash can be discharged as slag, it has the advantage of expanding the use of coal gas as a chemical raw material, fuel, hydrogen, etc., and making coal conversion equipment highly compatible with the environment. The challenge in operating this system is how to discharge the molten coal ash (hereinafter referred to as molten slag) out of the furnace in a stable manner.In particular, when cooling the molten slag, it is necessary to avoid clogging the molten slag passage due to solidification. be. Usually, molten slag is dropped from the gasification chamber into a slag cooling chamber filled with cooling water, but it tends to solidify at the outlet from the gasification chamber, that is, at the slag outlet hole (hereinafter referred to as slag tap hole). For this reason, in order to prevent the slug tap hole from being blocked, for example,
The slug tap hole is heated with a burner as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 76302, or
There is one that heats with electricity, as shown in Japanese Patent No. 172986. In addition, additives are added to the gasifier to improve the fluidity of the molten slag.
Furthermore, various methods have been proposed to prevent radiant heat loss from the slug tap holes. However, a device that heats the slug tap hole requires extra energy for heating, which is not preferable. Further, in the case of adding additives, it is complicated to add and discharge the additives, and furthermore, it is necessary to adjust the amount added depending on the type of coal. Furthermore, there is a drawback that the structure becomes complicated in order to prevent radiant heat loss through the slug tap hole. Ideally, the gasifier would be able to flow down without using these means, but many of the methods tried so far have shown difficulties. The temperature near the slag tap hole is determined by the balance between the amount of heat generated during the gasification reaction, the amount of heat brought in by the molten slag, and the amount of heat lost, which is the sum of the amount of heat transferred and the amount of heat taken out by the slag. If the throughput of the gasifier increases, the rate of heat loss will decrease and the temperature near the slag tap hole will increase, which will be advantageous for stable flow of molten slag, but at present, a gasifier of that scale will does not exist. In addition, the throughput may be the same depending on the gasification method, for example, whether oxygen or air is used as the gasifying agent, whether it is carried out at normal pressure or pressurized in a compact furnace, and the type of coal used. It is possible that the slug tap hole becomes clogged. In any case, it is necessary for the gasifier to have a slag flowing means, but it is necessary to alleviate the above-mentioned disadvantages as much as possible so as not to impair the operational controllability and gasification efficiency of the gasifier. [Object of the Invention] The present invention was made to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is to ensure that slag flows down even when the gasification method or coal type changes without adding any special structure. Our goal is to provide a gasifier that can. [Summary of the Invention] That is, the features of the present invention include a gasification reaction chamber that gasifies coal at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of coal ash, and a slag outflow that causes molten slag produced in the gasification reaction chamber to fall into a slag cooling chamber. In a gasifier with holes,
The slag tap portion forming the slag outflow hole is made of at least two types of materials with different thermal conductivities, and the portion that contacts the slag around the slag outflow hole is formed of a material with high thermal conductivity. A material with a low thermal conductivity is arranged so as to surround the outside of the material with a high thermal conductivity, and the area of the material with a high thermal conductivity facing the gasification reaction chamber is larger than the area facing the slag cooling chamber. Located in a coal gasifier. [Embodiments of the Invention] Before describing embodiments of the present invention, solidification of molten slag in a spouted bed gasifier will be explained using FIGS. 1 and 2. The pulverized coal 2 is transported by nitrogen gas, air, etc., and is blown into the gasification chamber 4 of the gasification furnace 9 from the burner 3. Gasifying agent 1 (oxygen or air) is likewise fed through burner 3 and is mixed with the pulverized coal at the tip of burner 3. The gasification furnace 9 includes a gasification chamber 4, a slag cooling chamber 6, etc., and is covered with a refractory heat insulating wall 8. The pulverized coal reacts with the gasification agent in the gasification chamber 4 and is converted into a gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. After the generated gas 5 leaves the gasification chamber 4, it is guided to an exhaust heat recovery chamber or a water cooling chamber (neither of which is shown). On the other hand, the coal ash melted in the gasification chamber 4 travels along the inner wall of the gasifier, passes through the slag tap hole 7, falls into the slag cooling chamber 6, and further enters the slag water cooling container (not shown). Reference numeral 11 denotes an observation window for observing the flow of molten slag from the slag tap hole 7 using a television camera (not shown) or the like. Next, an example of how the slag flows from the slag tap hole 7 is shown in FIG. The molten slag 10 flows smoothly from the gasification chamber 4 side of the slag tap hole 7;
The flow weakens near the middle 12, and when it leaves the slug tap hole 7, it drips with slow movement. As a result of investigating the flow of slag by variously changing the gasification conditions and the shape of the slag tap hole, it became clear that the flow of slag and solidification is controlled by the temperature T 2 of the slag cooling chamber side 6 of the slag tap hole 7. . In the case of Pacific coal (Hokkaido coal), T2 is 1400℃
When the temperature becomes below, solidification starts from the slag cooling chamber 6 side of the slag tap hole 7. Even in this case, since molten slag flows from the gasification chamber 4,
Even if T 2 is below 1400° C., the temperature T 1 of the gasification chamber 4 side of the slag tap hole 7 always satisfies the condition for slag flow. The temperature of 1400°C is the temperature that makes the viscosity of Pacific coal molten slag 200 to 250 poise. That is, in order to flow the molten slag, it is necessary to maintain the temperature at such a level that the viscosity of the molten slag is always below 200 poise. From the above results, the following becomes clear. (1) In order to allow the molten slag to fall from the gasification chamber to the slag cooling chamber space, the temperature TST of the slag tap where the molten slag is in contact with the slag where it finally leaves the tap must not be lowered. It is necessary. (2) T ST is the temperature at which the viscosity of the molten slag is 200 poise or less. The main reason why (1) cannot be achieved is that the amount of heat dissipated by heat transfer from the slug tap hole 7 is relatively large compared to the amount of heat transferred to the slug tap hole 7. Heat transfer to the slag tap hole 7 is due to radiation from the high temperature gas in the gasification chamber 4 and conduction from the molten slag 10, both of which are determined once the coal throughput and gasification temperature are determined. Therefore, in order to prevent the temperature of the slug tap hole 7 from decreasing, it is necessary to suppress the amount of heat dissipated from the slug tap hole 7. Heat radiation from the slag tap hole 7 is generated by conduction from the slag tap hole 7 to the fireproof insulation wall 8 and heat transfer to the slag cooling chamber 6. Therefore, a means for suppressing these heat radiations is required, and in the present invention, only the part of the slag tap hole where the molten slag will leave the space is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and the other parts are made of a material with high thermal conductivity. The tap portion is made of a material with low thermal conductivity. Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The shape of the gasification chamber 4 and the slag cooling chamber 6 is the second
Although it is similar to the figure, the slug tap hole 7 is divided into a high thermal conductive part 12 having a high thermal conductivity and a low thermal conductive part 13 having a lower thermal conductivity than the high thermal conductive part 12. The high thermal conductivity section 12 is supported by the low thermal conductivity section 13 so that the area facing the slag cooling chamber 4 is larger than the area facing the slag cooling chamber 6. The material used for the high thermal conductivity portion 12 is ceramic, firebrick metal material, or a composite material of ceramic and metal material with high thermal conductivity. Ceramics are alumina-based (Al 2 O 3
≧99%) is preferred. For example, the thermal conductivity of ceramics with Al 2 O 3 = 99% at 1000℃ is 14~
It is 18kcal/m・h・℃. Silicon carbide has a thermal conductivity about 3 to 4 times higher than alumina, but it may melt in an oxidizing atmosphere, so it is necessary to coat the surface with alumina ceramic. For refractory bricks, alumina-chromium type and alumina-chromium-magnesia type are suitable. Their thermal conductivity is 3 to 6 kcal·m·h·°C, which is lower than that of alumina ceramics, but they have excellent corrosion resistance against molten slag. Silicon carbide firebricks are still susceptible to oxidizing atmospheres. In the case of metal materials, a high melting point substance is the prerequisite, and tungsten, molybdenum, etc. are suitable. Although the thermal conductivity of these materials is ten times higher than that of the non-metallic materials mentioned above, coating with ceramics is required to prevent corrosion and erosion caused by gas and molten slag. On the other hand, the materials used for the low thermal conductivity parts are ceramics and insulating bricks, which have low thermal conductivity. Zirconia-based ceramics are preferred. for example
Ceramics with ZrO 2 = 90% have a thermal conductivity of 1~
It is 2 kcal・m・h・℃. Some insulating bricks are made of alumina-silica and have a resistance of 0.5 to 0.8 kcal・m・h・℃, but they have poor heat resistance and deteriorate and become brittle at temperatures above 1500℃. In the structure shown in Figure 3, Al 2 O 3 = 99.5% in the high thermal conductivity part.
The table shows the relationship between the temperature near the slag tap hole and the slag flowing state when ceramics with ZrO 2 =91% are used in the low thermal conductivity part and when each ceramic is used alone. The refractory and insulating wall 8 of the gasifier main body was shaped with a poured refractory castable containing 95% Al 2 O 3 and a poured insulating castable containing 43% Al 2 O 3 and 47% SiO 2 .
本発明によれば、特別な構造を付加することな
くスラグタツプ孔における溶融スラグの固化が防
止でき、このためスラグを確実に流下できるので
石炭ガス化炉の安定操業が行える。
According to the present invention, solidification of molten slag in the slag tap hole can be prevented without adding any special structure, and the slag can therefore be reliably flowed down, allowing stable operation of the coal gasifier.
第１図は石炭ガス化炉の説明図、第２図はガス
化炉スラグタツプ部の断面とスラグ流下の概念を
示す図、第３図乃至第５図は本発明なるスラグタ
ツプ部の各実施例における断面図を示すものであ
る。
１……ガス化剤、２……石炭、４……ガス化
室、６……スラグ冷却室、７……スラグタツプ
孔、１２……高熱伝導性部、１３……低熱伝導性
部。
Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a coal gasifier, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a gasifier slag tap part and the concept of slag flowing down, and Figs. 3 to 5 are illustrations of each embodiment of the slag tap part of the present invention. It shows a cross-sectional view. 1...Gasifying agent, 2...Coal, 4...Gasification chamber, 6...Slag cooling chamber, 7...Slag tap hole, 12...High thermal conductivity section, 13...Low thermal conductivity section.
Claims (1)
ス化反応室と、このガス化反応室で生じた溶融ス
ラグをスラグ冷却室へ落下させるスラグタツプ孔
を有するガス化炉において、前記スラグタツプ孔
を形成するスラグタツプ部を熱伝導率の異なる少
なくとも２種類の材料で構成すると共に、該スラ
グタツプ孔周辺のスラグと接触する部分を熱伝導
率の大きい材料で形成し該熱伝導率の大きい材料
の外側を囲むように熱伝導率の小さい材料を配
し、かつ該熱伝導率の大きい材料は前記ガス化反
応室に面する面積が前記スラグ冷却室に面する面
積よりも大きくなるようにしたことを特徴とする
石炭のガス化炉。1. In a gasifier having a gasification reaction chamber for gasifying coal at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature of coal ash, and a slag tap hole for allowing molten slag produced in the gasification reaction chamber to fall into a slag cooling chamber, the slag tap hole is formed. The slug tap part is made of at least two types of materials with different thermal conductivities, and the part around the slug tap hole that contacts the slag is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and the outside of the material with high thermal conductivity is surrounded. A material having a low thermal conductivity is arranged, and an area of the material having a high thermal conductivity facing the gasification reaction chamber is larger than an area facing the slag cooling chamber. coal gasifier.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8075183A JPS59206487A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 | Gasifier for coal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8075183A JPS59206487A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 | Gasifier for coal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59206487A JPS59206487A (en) | 1984-11-22 |
| JPH0414157B2 true JPH0414157B2 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
Family
ID=13727105
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8075183A Granted JPS59206487A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 | Gasifier for coal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59206487A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012124590A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | Coal gasification method |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61206657U (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1986-12-27 | ||
| CN102041098B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-01-23 | 云南煤化工集团有限公司 | Fixed bed slag gasification furnace |
| KR102641684B1 (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2024-02-28 | 에스오씨기술지주 주식회사 | A slag discharge device |
-
1983
- 1983-05-11 JP JP8075183A patent/JPS59206487A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012124590A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | Coal gasification method |
| JP2012193247A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-10-11 | Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd | Method for gasifying coal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59206487A (en) | 1984-11-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4707163A (en) | Gasification of coal dust | |
| EP0301763B1 (en) | Continuous casting furnace and die system of modular design | |
| KR20090095651A (en) | Method of and apparatus for conveying molten metals while providing heat thereto | |
| US7090707B1 (en) | Combustion chamber design for a quench gasifier | |
| CN113286868B (en) | Reactor and method for gasifying and/or melting a feedstock | |
| JPH0414157B2 (en) | ||
| US9181503B2 (en) | Method for the heat treatment of material in a reactor having a wall acting as self-crucible | |
| JP4723893B2 (en) | Method for preventing oxidation of working surface of silicon carbide castable refractories in waste melting furnace | |
| JP5027861B2 (en) | Refractory structure of waste melting furnace | |
| CA1178051A (en) | Gas-blast pipe for feeding reaction agents into metallurgical melts | |
| US4644557A (en) | Process for the production of calcium carbide and a shaft furnace for carrying out the process | |
| JP3975024B2 (en) | Low quality fuel combustion and gasification furnace | |
| JPH05106826A (en) | Melting furnace for waste | |
| JPS58194986A (en) | Multi-stage spouted bed gasification furnace | |
| JP2007231203A (en) | Method for gasifying carbonaceous raw material | |
| US5058126A (en) | Silicon carbide beam as refractory in an open-arc furnace | |
| JPS58110981A (en) | Water cooling type refractory furnace | |
| JPS61197690A (en) | Coal gasifying equipment | |
| JPS61117180A (en) | Thermocouple protection tube for jet stream coal gasficationfurnace | |
| GB2205634A (en) | Treating furnace slag | |
| JPH043437B2 (en) | ||
| JPS61235493A (en) | Slag discharging apparatus for gasifying oven | |
| JP2002122313A (en) | Combusting/gasifying furnace for low quality fuel | |
| JP2002356725A (en) | FLASH REDUCTION FURNACE FOR SMELTING Zn-Pb, AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF | |
| JPS6123251B2 (en) |