JPH039590B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH039590B2 JPH039590B2 JP57122694A JP12269482A JPH039590B2 JP H039590 B2 JPH039590 B2 JP H039590B2 JP 57122694 A JP57122694 A JP 57122694A JP 12269482 A JP12269482 A JP 12269482A JP H039590 B2 JPH039590 B2 JP H039590B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- groove
- electrolyte
- molded body
- separation plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004063 acid-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
技術分野
本発明はマトリツクス型燃料電池における燐酸
電解液の補給装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to a phosphoric acid electrolyte replenishment device for a matrix fuel cell.
技術の背景
この種電池においては、電解液である高濃度
（約98％）の燐酸は水素極１と空気極２との間に
介在するマトリツクス３中に保持されているが、
電池の作動中反応生成水や供給空気中の水分を吸
収して燐酸濃度が低下する一方長期に亘る作動で
反応ガスの流通によりこれら電解液が蒸発してマ
トリツクス３が乾燥し、その部分の異常発熱によ
り、電池の損傷及び性能劣化を起す。Background of the Technology In this type of battery, high concentration (approximately 98%) phosphoric acid, which is the electrolyte, is held in the matrix 3 interposed between the hydrogen electrode 1 and the air electrode 2.
During battery operation, the phosphoric acid concentration decreases by absorbing reaction product water and moisture in the supplied air, while during long-term operation, these electrolytes evaporate due to the flow of reaction gas and the matrix 3 dries, causing abnormalities in that part. Heat generation causes battery damage and performance deterioration.
そのため従来は第１図に示すように水素及び空
気の各反応ガス供給溝４，５を有する炭素質ガス
分離板６のマトリツクス３と対向する周辺に貯液
凹所７を設け、この貯液凹所７に連通孔８を介し
て外部より電解液を導入し、マトリツクス３の毛
管作用を利用して補給する方式が採用されてい
る。 Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 1, a liquid storage recess 7 is provided in the periphery of a carbonaceous gas separation plate 6 facing the matrix 3, which has reaction gas supply grooves 4 and 5 for hydrogen and air. A system is adopted in which an electrolytic solution is introduced from the outside into the location 7 through a communication hole 8 and is replenished by utilizing the capillary action of the matrix 3.
しかしこの方法は多数の単位セル９を積重した
電池スタツクＳにおいて、連通孔８を通してすべ
てのマトリツクス３に均一に電解液を補給するこ
とがむづかしく、又任意のセルだけに電解液の補
給が必要な場合でも他のすべてのセルに電解液が
供給され、そのため電解液補給を必要としないセ
ルは電解液過剰となつてガス極の過度のぬれが生
じやすく、寿命劣化の原因となると共に連通孔８
中に残存する電解液によりリーク電池が生ずると
いう欠点があつた。 However, in this method, in a battery stack S in which a large number of unit cells 9 are stacked, it is difficult to uniformly replenish the electrolyte to all the matrices 3 through the communication holes 8, and it is difficult to replenish the electrolyte to only arbitrary cells. Even if electrolyte replenishment is required, electrolyte is supplied to all other cells, so cells that do not require electrolyte replenishment tend to have an excess of electrolyte and excessive wetting of the gas electrode, which can shorten the life of the cell. Communication hole 8
The drawback was that the electrolyte remaining inside caused a leaky battery.
発明の開示
本発明はこのような問題を解消した新規な電解
液補給装置を提供するもので、その特徴とする所
は、電池スタツクの各ガス分離板もしくはガス極
の触媒担体となる拡散基板の周辺に、マトリツク
スと対向して一端面が開放した凹溝を形成し、こ
の凹溝に五酸化二燐の成型体を着脱自在に挿入し
た点にある。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a novel electrolyte replenishment device that solves the above-mentioned problems, and is characterized by the fact that each gas separation plate of a battery stack or a diffusion substrate serving as a catalyst carrier for a gas electrode is A groove with one end open facing the matrix is formed around the periphery, and a molded body of diphosphorous pentoxide is removably inserted into this groove.
前記五酸化二燐（P2O5）は無水燐酸とも云は
れる白色の固体であり、このP2O5は水と反応し
P2O5＋3H2O→2H3PO4
なる反応により燐酸となつてマトリツクスに補給
される。 Diphosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) is a white solid also called phosphoric anhydride, and this P 2 O 5 reacts with water to form phosphoric acid through the reaction P 2 O 5 +3H 2 O→2H 3 PO 4. As a result, the matrix is replenished.
実施例
以下本発明の実施例を第２図について説明する
が、該当部分は第１図と同一記号を付した。Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 2, and the same symbols as in FIG. 1 are given to the corresponding parts.
電池スタツクＳは従来と同様水素極１、空気極
２及びマトリツクス３で構成された単位セル９
と、これら単位セル間に介在してその両面に水素
供給溝４及び空気供給溝５を夫々形設した炭素質
ガス分離板６とを交互に多数積重して構成され
る。 The battery stack S has a unit cell 9 composed of a hydrogen electrode 1, an air electrode 2, and a matrix 3, as in the conventional case.
and a large number of carbonaceous gas separation plates 6 which are interposed between these unit cells and have hydrogen supply grooves 4 and air supply grooves 5 formed on both sides thereof, are stacked alternately.
本発明では各ガス分離板６の一周辺に、マトリ
ツクス３と対向して一端面が開放した凹溝１０を
形成すると共にこの凹溝１０に挿入可能な寸法に
五酸化二燐（P2O5）の粉末材を加圧成型して成
型体１１を作成する。 In the present invention, a groove 10 with one end open facing the matrix 3 is formed around one periphery of each gas separation plate 6, and diphosphorous pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) is pressure-molded to create a molded body 11.
この成型体１１には炭素板などの耐熱耐酸性部
材よりなる蓋体１２が取付けられ、、この蓋体１
２は成型体１１の把手として使用すると共に、成
型体１１が凹溝１０に挿入された時その端面開口
を閉塞する。又、第４図の他実施例に示すように
各凹溝１０に対応する適数個の成型体１１を単一
の蓋体１２に取付けてもよい。 A lid body 12 made of a heat-resistant and acid-resistant material such as a carbon plate is attached to this molded body 11.
2 is used as a handle for the molded body 11, and also closes the end opening when the molded body 11 is inserted into the groove 10. Further, as shown in another embodiment of FIG. 4, an appropriate number of molded bodies 11 corresponding to each groove 10 may be attached to a single lid body 12.
以上の実施例はガス供給溝４，５を有するガス
分離板６に凹溝１０を形成した場合を示したが、
第３図の他実施例は平担なガス分離板６′を用い、
各反応ガス供給溝４，５をガス極１，２における
触媒層１1，２1の担体となる揆水性拡散基板１2，
２2に形成した電池スタツクS′を示し、この場合
は一方のガス極例えば水素極１の前記拡散基板１
２にP2O5成型体１１が挿入される凹溝１０を形成
すればよい。 The above embodiment has shown the case where the groove 10 is formed in the gas separation plate 6 having the gas supply grooves 4 and 5.
Another embodiment in FIG. 3 uses a flat gas separation plate 6',
Each reaction gas supply groove 4, 5 is connected to a water-repellent diffusion substrate 12, which serves as a carrier for the catalyst layer 11 , 21 in the gas electrode 1, 2 .
2 shows a battery stack S' formed in 2 , in which one of the gas electrodes, for example the hydrogen electrode 1, is connected to the diffusion substrate 1.
2 , a groove 10 into which the P 2 O 5 molded body 11 is inserted may be formed.
各マトリツクス３に含浸された高濃度の燐酸電
解液は、電池作動中、反応生成水や供給空気中の
水分を吸収して濃度が低下するが、この濃度低下
と共に電解液が蒸発しやすくなり、反応ガスの流
通によつてマトリツクス３の乾燥を引きおこす。 During battery operation, the highly concentrated phosphoric acid electrolyte impregnated into each matrix 3 absorbs reaction product water and moisture in the supplied air and its concentration decreases, but as the concentration decreases, the electrolyte tends to evaporate. The flow of reaction gas causes drying of the matrix 3.
しかし本発明ではマトリツクス３に接して
P2O5の成型体１１が存在するので、このP2O5が
マトリツクス３中の水分を吸収して序々に溶解
し、高濃度の燐酸として補給され、従つて、燐酸
濃度の低下を補償してマトリツクス３の乾燥を防
止する。 However, in the present invention, in contact with matrix 3,
Since the molded body 11 of P 2 O 5 is present, this P 2 O 5 absorbs water in the matrix 3 and gradually dissolves, and is replenished as highly concentrated phosphoric acid, thus compensating for the decrease in phosphoric acid concentration. to prevent the matrix 3 from drying out.
このようにP2O5が低濃度となつた電解液中の
水分と反応する場合、上記水分は反応生成水や反
応ガス中の水分であるが、この水分は反応ガスの
流通で燐酸分と共に蒸発するのでその量はわづか
であるため、反応は徐々に進行しかなりの長時間
にわたり補給の必要がない。 When P 2 O 5 reacts with water in the electrolyte at a low concentration in this way, the water is the water produced by the reaction or the water in the reaction gas, and this water is mixed with phosphoric acid in the flow of the reaction gas. Since the amount evaporates is small, the reaction proceeds gradually and does not require replenishment for a considerable period of time.
電池の長期作動によりP2O5成型体１１が溶解
してなくなれば、新しい成型体を凹溝１０に挿入
すればよい。 If the P 2 O 5 molded body 11 melts and disappears due to long-term operation of the battery, a new molded body can be inserted into the groove 10 .
効 果
本発明の電解液補給装置は、電池スタツクのガ
ス分離板もしくは一方のガス極の触媒層担体とな
る拡散基板の周辺に、マトリツクスに対向して端
面が開放した凹溝を形成し、この凹溝に五酸化二
燐（P2O5）の成型体を着脱自在に挿入したもの
で、前記五酸化二燐がマトリツクス中の水分と反
応して燐酸を生成し、反応生成水や反応ガス中の
水分を吸収して低濃度傾向となる燐酸電解液の濃
度低下を補償してマトリツクスの乾燥を防止する
と共に、五酸化二燐が序々に溶解して長期間の作
動が可能となる。又従来のように電池スタツクに
電解液補給用の連通孔がなく、リーク電流がなく
なると共に、各セルの電解液量を均一化して信頼
性の高いマトリツクス型燃料電池を提供すること
ができる。Effects The electrolyte replenishment device of the present invention forms a groove with an open end facing the matrix around the gas separation plate of the battery stack or the diffusion substrate serving as the catalyst layer carrier of one of the gas electrodes. A molded body of diphosphorous pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) is removably inserted into a groove, and the diphosphorous pentoxide reacts with moisture in the matrix to produce phosphoric acid, and the reaction product water and reaction gas are released. This prevents the matrix from drying out by compensating for the decrease in the concentration of the phosphoric acid electrolyte, which tends to be low in concentration due to the absorption of water in the matrix, and the diphosphorus pentoxide gradually dissolves, making it possible to operate for a long period of time. Further, unlike the conventional cell stack, there is no communication hole for replenishing the electrolyte, eliminating leakage current and making it possible to equalize the amount of electrolyte in each cell, thereby providing a highly reliable matrix fuel cell.
第１図は従来の補液装置を備えた電池スタツク
の要部斜面図、第２図及び第３図はいずれも本発
明補給装置を備えた異る型式の電池スタツクの要
部斜面図、第４図は単一蓋体に複数個のP2O5成
型体を支持した本発明他実施例を示す側面図であ
る。
Ｓ，S′……電池スタツク、１，２……ガス極
（水素極及び空気極）、１1，２1……触媒層、１2，
２2……拡散基板、３……マトリツクス、４，５
……反応ガス供給溝、６，６′……ガス分離板、
９……単位セル、１０……凹溝、１１……P2O5
成型体、１２……蓋体。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the main part of a battery stack equipped with a conventional fluid replenishment device, FIGS. The figure is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention in which a plurality of P 2 O 5 molded bodies are supported on a single lid. S, S'... Battery stack, 1, 2... Gas electrode (hydrogen electrode and air electrode), 1 1 , 2 1 ... Catalyst layer, 1 2 ,
2 2 ... Diffusion substrate, 3 ... Matrix, 4,5
...Reaction gas supply groove, 6,6'...Gas separation plate,
9...Unit cell, 10...Concave groove, 11...P 2 O 5
Molded body, 12... Lid body.
Claims (1)
解液を保持するマトリツクスとよりなる単位セル
と、ガス分離板とを交互積重してなる電池スタツ
クを備え、前記ガス分離板もしくは前記一方の極
の触媒層担体となる拡散基板の少なくとも一周辺
に、前記マトリツクスと対向して端面が開放した
凹溝を形成し、前記凹溝に五酸化二燐の成型体を
着脱自在に挿入したことを特徴とする燃料電池の
電解液補給装置。 ２ 前記成型体には凹溝への挿入時その端面開口
を閉じる蓋体が取付けられていることを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電池の電解液
補給装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A battery stack consisting of a unit cell consisting of a hydrogen electrode, an air electrode, and a matrix interposed therebetween for holding a phosphoric acid electrolyte, and a gas separation plate, which A groove with an open end facing the matrix is formed in at least one periphery of the separation plate or the diffusion substrate serving as a catalyst layer carrier of one of the electrodes, and a molded body of diphosphorous pentoxide is attached to and removed from the groove. A fuel cell electrolyte replenishment device characterized by being freely inserted. 2. The electrolyte replenishing device for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a lid is attached to the molded body to close an end opening thereof when the molded body is inserted into the groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57122694A JPS5912571A (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1982-07-13 | Electrolyte supply apparatus of fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57122694A JPS5912571A (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1982-07-13 | Electrolyte supply apparatus of fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5912571A JPS5912571A (en) | 1984-01-23 |
| JPH039590B2 true JPH039590B2 (en) | 1991-02-08 |
Family
ID=14842299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57122694A Granted JPS5912571A (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1982-07-13 | Electrolyte supply apparatus of fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5912571A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530887A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-07-23 | Energy Research Corporation | Fuel cell system with electrolyte conservation and/or replenishment |
| JPH01120775A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-05-12 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Assembling method for phosphoric acid fuel cell |
| WO2013112149A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Utc Power Corporation | Electrolyte generation within a fuel cell |
-
1982
- 1982-07-13 JP JP57122694A patent/JPS5912571A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5912571A (en) | 1984-01-23 |
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