JPH0386212A - Method for denitrating waste gas - Google Patents
Method for denitrating waste gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0386212A JPH0386212A JP1221697A JP22169789A JPH0386212A JP H0386212 A JPH0386212 A JP H0386212A JP 1221697 A JP1221697 A JP 1221697A JP 22169789 A JP22169789 A JP 22169789A JP H0386212 A JPH0386212 A JP H0386212A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- water
- nitrogen oxides
- exhaust gas
- waste gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明はアンモニアを還元剤として排ガス中の窒素酸化
物ＮＯｘを乾式脱硝する方法の改良に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an improvement in a method for dry denitration of nitrogen oxide NOx in exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent.
従来の排ガス中のＮＯｘの除去技術はアンモニア水を直
接に排ガス中に噴霧するか、又は排ガスにより供給され
たアンモニア水を全量近く蒸発させ排ガスと接触させ、
有触媒、無触媒下で行われていた。Conventional technology for removing NOx from exhaust gas involves spraying ammonia water directly into the exhaust gas, or evaporating nearly all of the ammonia water supplied by the exhaust gas and bringing it into contact with the exhaust gas.
It was carried out both with and without catalyst.
排ガスの脱硝に際して、従来上として液化アンモニアま
たはガス状アンモニアを還元剤として使用していた。し
かしこれらのものは貯蔵、移送等において爆発性および
有毒性が強いため、最近はアンモニア水が使用されるよ
うになった。When denitrating exhaust gas, liquefied ammonia or gaseous ammonia has conventionally been used as a reducing agent. However, since these materials are highly explosive and toxic during storage and transportation, aqueous ammonia has recently come to be used.
一方、アンモニア水は一般には２５〜３０重量パーセン
トのアンモニアしか含んでおらず、残りの７０〜７５重
量パーセントは水であり、この水も同時に排ガス、蒸気
又は電気にて蒸発させて還元剤として使用していた。On the other hand, ammonia water generally contains only 25-30% by weight of ammonia, and the remaining 70-75% by weight is water, which is also evaporated with exhaust gas, steam, or electricity and used as a reducing agent. Was.
このため排ガスを使用した場合にはガス温度の低下によ
り、後流の排熱回収ボイラでの蒸気の発生量を低下させ
ていた。また蒸気又は電気を使用した場合には、それだ
け系外からのエネルギーを必要とし、コスト高になって
いた。For this reason, when exhaust gas is used, the amount of steam generated in the downstream exhaust heat recovery boiler is reduced due to a decrease in gas temperature. Furthermore, when steam or electricity is used, energy from outside the system is required, resulting in high costs.
本発明は上記技術水準に鑑み、主としてアンモニア水の
加熱エネルギーの低減を可能にした排ガスの脱硝方法を
提供しようとするものである。In view of the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention primarily aims to provide a method for denitrifying exhaust gas that makes it possible to reduce the heating energy of ammonia water.
本発明はアンモニアを還元剤として排ガス中の窒素酸化
物を除去するに当り、還元剤であるアンモニアの供給源
であるアンモニア水にアンモニアを蒸発させるに足る熱
のみを供給して主としてアンモニアのみを蒸発させ、該
蒸発アンモニアにより排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去
すると共に、残余の水をボイラ給水又はボイラ燃焼室の
窒素酸化物低減用噴射水として使用することを特徴とす
る排ガスの脱硝方法である。In removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent, the present invention mainly evaporates only the ammonia by supplying only enough heat to evaporate the ammonia to ammonia water, which is the source of the ammonia that is the reducing agent. This is a denitrification method for exhaust gas, characterized in that nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced and removed by the evaporated ammonia, and the remaining water is used as boiler feed water or injection water for reducing nitrogen oxides in the boiler combustion chamber. .
すなわち、本発明はアンモニアが水よりも蒸発し易い性
質を利用し、アンモニアの蒸発に必要な熱のみを排ガス
、蒸気又は電気等から供給し、大部分の水分は蒸発させ
ずに系外に排出させることにより水の蒸発に必要なエネ
ルギーの損失を減少させ、かつ、系外に排出された水に
は少量のアンモニアが含まれており二次公害の原因とな
るが、この水はほぼ純水に近いのでボイラー給水のｐＨ
調整、腐食防止、又はガスタービン、ボイラの低ＮＯｘ
化のための水噴射として使用するようにしたものである
。In other words, the present invention makes use of the property that ammonia evaporates more easily than water, supplies only the heat necessary for evaporating ammonia from exhaust gas, steam, electricity, etc., and discharges most of the water out of the system without evaporating it. This reduces the loss of energy required for water evaporation, and the water discharged outside the system contains a small amount of ammonia, which causes secondary pollution, but this water is almost pure water. The pH of the boiler feed water is close to
Adjustment, corrosion prevention, or low NOx in gas turbines and boilers
It was designed to be used as a water jet for oxidation.
アンモニアの蒸発に必要な熱量は約３３０にｃａｌ／Ｋ
ｇであり、水の蒸発に必要な熱量は５４０Ｋｃａｌ／に
ｇである。したがって３０％のアンモニア水の蒸発には
、アンモニアのみ蒸発させた場合の約４．８倍となる。The amount of heat required to evaporate ammonia is approximately 330 cal/K.
g, and the amount of heat required to evaporate water is 540 Kcal/g. Therefore, the evaporation of 30% ammonia water is about 4.8 times that of evaporation of only ammonia.
（３３０＋５４０ ｘ （ＴＯ／３０） ）÷３３０−
．４．８したがって、３．８倍（４，８−１，０＝３．
８）の余分の熱が消費されていることとなる。これを主
としてアンモニアを蒸発させるようにすることにより、
この余分な熱を大幅に減少し、省エネ化を計ることがで
きる。具体的にはアンモニアを蒸発させるのに十分な熱
のみを排ガス、蒸気又は電気により供給し、残った水は
系外に排出するようにすればよい。(330+540 x (TO/30) )÷330-
．． 4.8 Therefore, 3.8 times (4,8-1,0=3.
This means that the extra heat from 8) is being consumed. By mainly evaporating ammonia,
This excess heat can be significantly reduced, resulting in energy savings. Specifically, only heat sufficient to evaporate ammonia may be supplied by exhaust gas, steam, or electricity, and the remaining water may be discharged outside the system.
系外に排出された水は含んでいる微量なアンモニアのた
めに二次公害を発生する可能性もあるが、本発明では、
この水は少量のアンモニアを含んでいる他はほぼ純水に
近いので、この水をボイラー給水の１部として用い、給
水のｐＨ調整用のアルカリ剤および供給用純水の節約と
なるようにするか、又は更にガスタービン、ボイラ等の
燃焼器に純水を噴射すればＮＯｘ低減効果があることは
よく知られているので、この純水として使用するように
するものである。この後者の手段において水中のアンモ
ニアがある程度高濃度であれば燃焼器内で気化したアン
モニアにより排ガスの無触媒脱硝の効果も併せて奏させ
ることもできる。Water discharged outside the system may cause secondary pollution due to the trace amount of ammonia it contains, but in the present invention,
This water is almost pure water except for a small amount of ammonia, so this water is used as part of the boiler feed water to save on the alkaline agent for adjusting the pH of the feed water and the pure water used for supply. Furthermore, it is well known that injecting pure water into a combustor such as a gas turbine or boiler has the effect of reducing NOx, so this pure water is used. In this latter method, if the concentration of ammonia in the water is high to a certain extent, the ammonia vaporized in the combustor can also have the effect of non-catalytic denitration of the exhaust gas.
以下、本発明の一実施例を第１図によって説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
煙道ｌには図示省略のガス・タービン、デイゼル・エン
ジン、ボイラ等の排ガスが導かれている。その後流には
脱硝触媒２が設置されており、また前流部には還元剤と
して使用するアンモニア注入部３が設けられている。更
にアンモニアの揮発器４および排ガスを揮発器４に導く
ための分岐管５とファン６も設けられており、アンモニ
ア水７およびアンモニア水７の気化ヲ助けるための蒸気
８も揮発器４に導かれる。蒸発したガス状のアンモニア
は導管９を通ってアンモニア注入部３に導かれる。ミス
トはミスト分離器１０によりキャッチされる。Exhaust gas from a gas turbine, diesel engine, boiler, etc. (not shown) is guided to the flue l. A denitrification catalyst 2 is installed downstream, and an ammonia injector 3 used as a reducing agent is installed upstream. Furthermore, an ammonia volatilizer 4 and a branch pipe 5 and a fan 6 for guiding the exhaust gas to the volatilizer 4 are also provided, and ammonia water 7 and steam 8 for helping the vaporization of the ammonia water 7 are also guided to the volatilizer 4. . The evaporated gaseous ammonia is led through the conduit 9 to the ammonia inlet 3. The mist is caught by the mist separator 10.
揮発器４で分離された水は排水管１１を経由して系外に
排出される。The water separated in the volatilizer 4 is discharged to the outside of the system via a drain pipe 11.
更に詳細にはアンモニア水７は揮発器４の内部にて高温
の排ガス５により主としてアンモニアのみが揮発させら
れる。アンモニアを主体に蒸発させるためには排ガス５
の量、温度、揮発器７の型式、滞留時間等を適切に設計
する必要がある。また負荷量が変化した場合には排ガス
５の量をファン６または排ガス量調整弁１２により制御
することにより、主としてアンモニアのみを揮発させる
ようにすることができる。More specifically, in the ammonia water 7, mainly only ammonia is volatilized by the high temperature exhaust gas 5 inside the volatilizer 4. In order to mainly evaporate ammonia, exhaust gas 5
It is necessary to appropriately design the amount, temperature, type of volatilizer 7, residence time, etc. Further, when the load amount changes, by controlling the amount of exhaust gas 5 using the fan 6 or the exhaust gas amount adjustment valve 12, it is possible to mainly volatilize only ammonia.
なお、第１図には示していないが、揮発器７に電気、蒸
気などの加熱手段を設けてもよい。Although not shown in FIG. 1, the volatilizer 7 may be provided with heating means such as electricity or steam.
平衡状態における液中のアンモニアのモル濃度Ｘとガス
中のアンモニアの分圧ｐ”（ａｔｍ）の関係は第２図に
示されるような関係にあり、温度が高くなるにつれて気
相のアンモニアの分圧は高くなる。このように、水中の
残留アンモニアを少なくするにはアンモニア水を高温に
する必要があるが、余り高温にすると水までが蒸発して
しまう。したがって適切な温度が存在するので、装置の
条件により最高に設計する必要がある。The relationship between the molar concentration X of ammonia in the liquid and the partial pressure p'' (atm) of ammonia in the gas in an equilibrium state is as shown in Figure 2. The pressure increases.In this way, in order to reduce the residual ammonia in the water, it is necessary to heat the ammonia water to a high temperature, but if the temperature is too high, even the water will evaporate.Therefore, since there is an appropriate temperature, It is necessary to best design according to the conditions of the equipment.
揮発器４の構造としてはスプレー塔、充填塔、段塔等が
選定できる。主としてアンモニアのみを蒸発させる場合
にはアンモニア水全量を蒸発させる場合に比較し、必要
熱量は１／４〜１／４．５位となり、また滞留時間も同
程度に低くできるので揮発器を非常にコンパクトにでき
る。As the structure of the volatilizer 4, a spray tower, a packed tower, a tray tower, etc. can be selected. When mainly evaporating only ammonia, the amount of heat required is about 1/4 to 1/4.5 compared to when evaporating the entire amount of ammonia water, and the residence time can be reduced to the same extent, so the volatilizer can be used very easily. Can be made compact.
また排ガス量も同じ＜１７４〜１／４．８位となるので
ファン６の容量も １／４〜１／４．５位となり、また
揮発器内および導管内での圧損を減少できるので揚程を
１７２位とすることも可能である。Also, since the amount of exhaust gas is the same, <174 to 1/4.8, the capacity of the fan 6 is also 1/4 to 1/4.5, and the pressure drop in the volatilizer and conduit can be reduced, so the head can be reduced. It is also possible to rank 172nd.
、ファン６のモーター容量としては全量蒸発の場合の１
／１０近くまで減少することも可能である。, the motor capacity of fan 6 is 1 in the case of total evaporation.
It is also possible to reduce it to nearly /10.
また、残留アンモニアを含んだ排水の二次公害防止につ
いての態様を第３図によって説明する。Further, an aspect of secondary pollution prevention of wastewater containing residual ammonia will be explained with reference to FIG.
揮発器より排出された排水１２はポンプ１３により昇圧
され、ＮＯＸの低減のためにガスタービン１４の燃焼器
１９に注入される。これによりＮＯｘを、天然ガスが燃
料の場合には４２ｐｐｍＶｏｌ、 （乾）程度までに低
減できることが１例として知られている。The waste water 12 discharged from the volatilizer is pressurized by the pump 13 and is injected into the combustor 19 of the gas turbine 14 to reduce NOx. As an example, it is known that this can reduce NOx to about 42 ppm Vol (dry) when natural gas is used as fuel.
又同排水１２はボイラ給水タンク１５に供給することに
より廃熱回収ボイラ１６又は１７の給水として有効利用
できる。この給水は廃熱回収ボイラ１６又は１７にて蒸
発させられ蒸気１８となる。Further, the waste water 12 can be effectively used as water supply for the waste heat recovery boiler 16 or 17 by supplying it to the boiler water supply tank 15. This feed water is evaporated into steam 18 in the waste heat recovery boiler 16 or 17.
本発明により、アンモニア揮発用の熱エネルギー量の低
減、排熱回収ボイラでの蒸発量の増加という効果が奏せ
され、かつアンモニア揮発後の水はボイラ給水又はＮＯ
ｘ低減用の噴射水として利用しつるので、二次公害を防
止することができる。According to the present invention, the effect of reducing the amount of thermal energy for volatilizing ammonia and increasing the amount of evaporation in the exhaust heat recovery boiler is achieved, and the water after volatilizing ammonia can be used as boiler feed water or NO
Since the water can be used as jet water to reduce x, secondary pollution can be prevented.
第１図は本発明の一実施例のアンモニア水の蒸発工程を
説明するための概略図、第２図は平衡状態における液中
のアンモニアのモル濃度とガス中のアンモニアの分圧の
関係を示す図表、第３図は本発明の一実施例の排水の有
効利用工程を説明するための概略図である。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the evaporation process of ammonia water in an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the molar concentration of ammonia in the liquid and the partial pressure of ammonia in the gas in an equilibrium state. The diagram and FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams for explaining a process for effectively utilizing waste water according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (1)
するに当り、還元剤であるアンモニアの供給源であるア
ンモニア水にアンモニアを蒸発させるに足る熱のみを供
給して主としてアンモニアのみを蒸発させ、該蒸発アン
モニアにより排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去すると共
に、残余の水をボイラ給水又はボイラ燃焼室の窒素酸化
物低減用噴射水として使用することを特徴とする排ガス
の脱硝方法。When removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent, only the heat sufficient to evaporate the ammonia is supplied to ammonia water, which is the source of the ammonia that is the reducing agent, to mainly evaporate only the ammonia. A method for denitrifying exhaust gas, characterized in that nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas are reduced and removed using evaporated ammonia, and the remaining water is used as boiler feed water or injection water for reducing nitrogen oxides in a boiler combustion chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1221697A JPH0386212A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1989-08-30 | Method for denitrating waste gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1221697A JPH0386212A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1989-08-30 | Method for denitrating waste gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0386212A true JPH0386212A (en) | 1991-04-11 |
Family
ID=16770861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1221697A Pending JPH0386212A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1989-08-30 | Method for denitrating waste gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0386212A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06154552A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-06-03 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corp | Method for gasifying aqueous reducing solution by using flue gas energy for reducing nox in flue gas |
| EP0617698A1 (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1994-10-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Aqueous ammonia injection scheme |
| JPH0796141A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-11 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Ammonia supply method in denitrification device |
| JP2002221024A (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-09 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING LIQUID REDUCING AGENT FOR NOx REMOVAL SYSTEM |
| CN102472139A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-05-23 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Exhaust-gas denitration system, ship equipped therewith, and method for controlling exhaust-gas denitration system |
| CN105797548A (en) * | 2016-05-07 | 2016-07-27 | 南京帝艾环境科技工程有限公司 | Integrated system for denitration of oil-burning and gas-burning boiler |
| JP6026614B1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-11-16 | 株式会社プランテック | Waste incinerator exhaust gas treatment equipment |
-
1989
- 1989-08-30 JP JP1221697A patent/JPH0386212A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0617698A1 (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1994-10-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Aqueous ammonia injection scheme |
| EP0617698A4 (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1995-02-01 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Aqueous ammonia injection scheme. |
| JPH06154552A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-06-03 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corp | Method for gasifying aqueous reducing solution by using flue gas energy for reducing nox in flue gas |
| JPH0796141A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-11 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Ammonia supply method in denitrification device |
| JP2002221024A (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-09 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING LIQUID REDUCING AGENT FOR NOx REMOVAL SYSTEM |
| CN102472139A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-05-23 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Exhaust-gas denitration system, ship equipped therewith, and method for controlling exhaust-gas denitration system |
| JP6026614B1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-11-16 | 株式会社プランテック | Waste incinerator exhaust gas treatment equipment |
| CN105797548A (en) * | 2016-05-07 | 2016-07-27 | 南京帝艾环境科技工程有限公司 | Integrated system for denitration of oil-burning and gas-burning boiler |
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